The scheme of the garden where and what. How to plan a garden - a competent approach to the beds

02.06.2019

Foreword

In the struggle for the harvest, the diligence of the owner land plot is the most important factor, but not the only one. For the season to be as productive as possible, a reasonable layout of the garden and vegetable garden and soil preparation are required. What rules are followed for this?

Garden and vegetable garden planning: purpose and first steps

When planning an estate, the following goals are pursued:

arrange the house, garden and vegetable garden so that the latter is as little as possible in the shade;
avoid the neighborhood of incompatible plants;
place in accordance with the norms all objects relative to the red line, neighboring areas and water sources;
use all the available space to the maximum effect.

The site plan is drawn on paper. A convenient scale is 1:100. The drawing will turn out to be large, so you should prepare a sheet of drawing paper.

All are applied to the drawing required dimensions, planned objects are indicated - flower beds, garden, paths, buildings, etc.

The objects already on the site are drawn, and the new ones are cut out from another sheet of paper. By stacking them differently on the plan, it will be possible to consider several options for arranging.

If there are no houses and outbuildings on the estate yet, planning begins with them. The following distribution of territory is considered optimal:

house and adjacent residential area: 20%;
outbuildings: no more than 15%;
garden and vegetable garden: not less than 65%.

When placing a house and outbuildings, consider the following:

Areas near the road are preferred - it is easy to drive here. The house is located closer to the street so that it is visible, the outbuildings are behind it, in the depths of the site.
In front of the house, a front garden is laid out with ornamental plants or berry bushes.
It is desirable that the buildings are located on the north side of the site, without shading the garden.

When planning, it is necessary to maintain the distances specified by the standards:

from the house to the red line - 5 m, to the fence of the neighboring site - 3 m;
from the windows of the house to household facilities in the neighboring area - 6 m;
minimum distances between buildings (for reasons of fire safety): stone - 6 m, wooden - 15 m, mixed - 10 m;
from the fence to the animal shed - 4 m;
from the fence to other outbuildings - 1 m.

The playground is arranged so that it is clearly visible.

The playground for children should be clearly visible from the windows of the house

the garden was not shaded by trees;
the garden protected the vegetable garden from the prevailing wind.

The finished drawing of the site allows you to approximately determine the volume and cost of work on soil preparation.

Removal of stumps and shrubs

In the residential area, the stump can be left as decorative element or arrange it in the form of a table, chair or element of a children's playground.

a little imagination - the stump turns into a fun site decoration

In other cases, the stumps are uprooted. They do it in different ways:

Manually. The stump is dug in, exposing the upper roots, then chopped off with an ax or a shovel. Next, the stump is rotated around a vertical axis until the central root breaks. This method requires considerable physical strength. It's easier to uproot stumps with a winch. The process also begins with digging and cutting the roots, then the stump is hooked and pulled out, simultaneously cutting off the roots that appear from the ground.
With the help of technology. This method is resorted to in the presence of several stumps. Along with traditional equipment - excavators, bulldozers, tractors - special crushing machines are used. The work of the latter is expensive, but they do not spoil the landscape.
chemical reagents.

Stump wood is corroded by such substances:

means "Roundup": some time after processing, the remains of the stump are easily uprooted;
urea: fall asleep in drilled holes, pour water and wrap the stump with polyethylene;
sodium or potassium nitrate: applied in the same way, corrodes even deep roots.

The action of saltpeter extends to other plants within a radius of 0.5 - 1 m, so before using it, the most valuable of them should be transplanted.

Shrubs in small quantities are uprooted with a shovel and a pickaxe, having previously dug. In large areas, they are removed mechanically in three stages:

cut with a gasoline rotary brush cutter;
the roots are milled with a crushing machine;
roots are removed with a tractor with a special plow, less often with an excavator.

Chemicals for destroying shrubs are called arboricides. These include the same "Roundup", as well as "Tornado", "Octopus", "Fighter" and others. Most of them are based on the herbicide Glyphosate.

Drainage device

Often required in low-lying areas that are heavily flooded during rain. Some at the same time literally turn into a swamp and then dry for a long time.

With a slight water cut, proceed as follows:

on the border of the site at its lowest point, they dig a well with a depth of 2.5–3 m;
on the site they dig several trenches with a depth of 1 m, directed from the upstream zones to the well (the slope is 3–4 cm / m);
they fill the trenches halfway with rubble or pebbles (construction debris and uprooted stumps are suitable) and cover them with geotextiles on top;
lay fertile soil on top of the geotextile.

Trenches can be covered with stones and completely, laying on top of the sand or boardwalk paving slabs- these will be garden paths.

With strong watering, a full-fledged drainage system is arranged:

In areas without a slope, the drainage well is especially deep. Then its walls are reinforced with supports and concreted. As the water fills up, the wells are pumped out.

Ground leveling

On a site dotted with irregularities, it is extremely inconvenient to work and you have to spend a lot of water for irrigation. Therefore, it is advisable to level the ground. In the simplest case, when the height difference is small, the area is cultivated, then leveled with a board or ladder, which is pulled by a rope.

With a strongly pronounced relief, they resort to removing the soil on the hills and adding it to the depressions.

If the site has complex terrain, without special equipment it will not be possible to align it

Doing so better in autumn: during the winter, the soil is caked and in the spring it will be clear where improvement is required. Alignment is carried out in three stages:

Mark out the area. It is necessary to drive pegs into the ground with a certain frequency and pull a cord between them - strictly horizontally and at the same height. To do this, on the pegs, using a water level (a transparent polymer tube filled with water), pre-marks are made.
Focusing on the cord, they determine the heights and depressions, then transfer the soil. For large volumes, technology is used.
After waiting for the soil to settle (it will take a couple of weeks), trim the area with a rake.

The transferred soil is easily weathered: in the absence of forest protection, the site must be closed with a fence.

Terracing

In areas with a slope of 15 degrees, horizontal steps are formed - terraces. They are built from top to bottom, each time using the cut soil as the basis for the underlying step.

Each terrace is supported by a wall, which is called a retaining wall. The retaining wall is a critical element: if it is not strong enough, the soil may converge with serious consequences. Therefore, the construction should be carried out by an experienced specialist. The walls are built of stones and bricks, logs and even steel sheets on the supports. A foundation is required.

After the formation of steps, retaining reinforced concrete walls are constructed

The maximum allowable height for a terrace is 1.5 m. The lower the height, the less durable and, accordingly, expensive retaining walls will be needed.

To climb from one terrace to another, stairs are arranged. The condition for the choice of materials and design for them is harmonious combination With appearance retaining wall. For safety reasons, stairs are equipped with handrails.

The arrangement of terraces on a slope is a costly undertaking, but such a site looks spectacular and is illuminated better than a flat one (when located on a southern slope).

Sod removal

If the site is used for landing cultivated plants for the first time, the turf on it ( upper layer soil with grass) it is advisable to turn it into a valuable fertilizer. They do it like this:

in spring, the turf is cut with a shovel into pieces 10 cm thick and 20x40 cm in size;
upside down (roots up), the turf is stacked in piles with a maximum width and height of 1.2 m, sprinkling each layer with lime;
during the summer, the stacks are watered with liquid manure or at least water, loosened 2-3 times.

On the next year sod land is used as a fertilizer. With an excess of clay, it is diluted with sand.

In the presence of molehills, it is recommended to harvest soddy land from them - here it has high breathability and does not contain harmful insects.

The turf is cut into squares with a bayonet shovel, carefully removed and stacked upside down in stacks

Irrigation organization

For irrigation, a water pipe is laid to the site. For year-round use (estates with permanent habitation), pipes are laid in trenches below the freezing depth. If they are polypropylene (PP), then they must have a special reinforced design. You can recognize such pipes by their orange color. For seasonal use, pipes are laid on the surface. For this, there is also a special PP that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation. It is distinguished by black color.

In places where vehicles pass, pipes on the surface are laid in trays with strong covers that protect them from damage.

In the absence of a connection to a centralized water supply, when planning a garden and a vegetable garden, they arrange autonomous system water supply, using a natural reservoir, a well or a well as a source. Used for water supply pumping station. Unlike household, it should not be equipped with a pressure switch, but with a flow sensor. When the faucet is opened, the pump turns on automatically and runs indefinitely until the user turns off the water.

Water from a well or well should be checked for the concentration of salts: if there is an excess of them, water is not used for irrigation - it causes salinization of the soil (it hardens like a stone).

Modern watering systems provide for fully autonomous operation: soil moisture is analyzed by a sensor and, according to its signal, the equipment turns on when necessary.

Soil preparation

The soil at the site is checked for acidity. The exact pH will be shown by analysis in a special laboratory, where several samples with different zones site. Approximately, it can be determined at home by filling a portion of the soil with vinegar. Test results:

bubbles are visible on the wetted surface of the sample - the soil is neutral;
the sample absorbs vinegar without any manifestations - sour.

The pH of the soil is also determined by the vegetation growing on it:

alkaline: coltsfoot, clover (white or common), nettle, etc.;
neutral: horsetail, mint, buttercup, etc.;
sour: heather, plantain, sedge, Ivan da Marya, etc.

Reduce acidity (deoxidation) by adding compost, manure humus and wood ash to the soil. For the same purpose, dolomite flour and fluffy lime are added, but this should be done in the fall.

Increase acidity by adding fresh sawdust and peat.

If the soil is not fertile, as evidenced by sparse vegetation, black soil or at least peat is brought to the site.

garden planning

At the stage of planning a garden on a personal plot, the owner makes a list of all the trees and shrubs that he intends to plant. The number of seedlings is determined based on the available area, while the space for each of them is allocated taking into account the size of a mature tree. Plants of medium size require 2–3 m 2, the largest - 4 m 2.

A simple plan for laying out an orchard will significantly speed up work on its implementation.

Compiling a list and choosing a place is carried out taking into account the characteristics of cultures:

A pear is the tallest fruit tree, so it can be planted in a shady place, for example, behind a bathhouse. In a few years the tree will rise above it.
Cherries prefer acidic soil.
For a plum, a place is considered suitable where the prevailing winds blow away the snow. Under snowdrifts above 40 cm, this tree dies.
For pear and apple trees, choose a place with a low level ground water- 2 m or more. Otherwise, they will live no more than 10 years.
For stone fruit crops, the minimum allowable groundwater depth is 1.5 m.

When choosing crops, the climate of the region is also taken into account. In the southern regions (Crimea, Astrakhan, Rostov regions, etc.), any perennial plants grow. Only a few, more prone to cool climates, grow poorly in hot conditions:

blueberry;
blueberry;
coniferous trees.

Traditional for such latitudes are:

peach;
quince;
apricot;
cherries;
almond; Walnut;
grape.

Can be bred and exotic plants, for example, mulberry, whose berries are very tasty. Fruit trees are supplemented with any berry bushes - gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, red and blackcurrant, aronia.

In the middle lane (Bryansk, Tula, Voronezh regions, etc.) and the northern part (Altai, Buryatia, part of Karelia, etc.), when selecting crops, the so-called winter hardiness is taken into account - the ability to tolerate low temperatures. The following varieties are planted here (the maximum allowable minus temperature is indicated in brackets):

Pear Honey (-30 0 C): late variety.
Decora pear (-25 0 С): fruits ripen in September.
Pear white-red columnar (-30 0 C): early variety.
Apricot Prince Mart (-30 0 С).
Sweet cherry red and black columnar (-30 0 C).
Cherry Queen Mary (-30 0 C): gives a good harvest, growing even in the shade.
Arbat apple tree (-30 0 C): fruits ripen in early autumn.
Early grape varieties: Arcadia, Arochny, Souvenir (-30 0 C).

There are two ways to plan a garden:

With regular planting between seedlings, observe the following distance:

dwarf varieties: between trees in a row - 2 m, between rows - 3 m;
semi-dwarf: respectively, 3 m and 4 m;
large-sized varieties: respectively, 4 m and 5 m.

So that fruit trees do not cast a shadow on the garden, they are planted on the north side of the site. At the same time, the tallest, such as apple, pear, and walnut, are planted on the northwest side, and the undersized ones, like cherries, apricots and plums, are planted on the northeast. The fact is that photosynthesis is most intensively carried out in the morning. In addition, the light at this time falls on the surface of the earth by 12% more compared to the afternoon period, since the atmosphere is more transparent in the morning. Therefore, with such a planting of trees at the most favorable time of the day, low ones will not be obscured by high ones.

Trees are planted in spring or autumn. The choice of planting time depends on the variety: some take root better in autumn period, others - in the spring. In the middle lane and northern regions, only the most winter-hardy varieties are planted in autumn, since young seedlings are quite vulnerable to frost.

The diameter and depth of the pit depends on the type of soil:

fertile soil: 0.5x0.5 m;
barren: 1x1 m.

For spring planting pits are prepared in the fall: this is due to the fact that planting as early as possible is required - until the buds have blossomed.

Berry bushes, if possible, are planted between the garden and fruit trees. The timing of planting depends on the form in which the seedling was purchased:

Container (landed in a small container). Planted in spring or autumn, depending on the variety.
With bare root system. Planted only in autumn.

The planting scheme for berry bushes includes the following steps:

Holes are made in the ground. Their depth when planting seedlings in containers is 1.5 times greater than the height of the container. In the case of a bare root system, they are guided by a mark indicating how deep the seedling was buried during cultivation. The pit is also made 1.5 times deeper.
Immediately before planting (an hour and a half), the seedlings are prepared: container - plentifully watered, with bare roots - placed in a container with water.
The bottom of the hole is covered with humus and dug up with a pitchfork. The soil extracted during the formation of the hole (it is also used for backfilling) is also mixed with humus.
Having straightened the roots of the seedling so that they grow in all directions, they lower it into the hole and sprinkle it with a mixture of earth and humus. Then the earth is lightly compacted.
The next shrub is planted at a distance of 70–80 cm.

Video: when is it better to plant seedlings of fruit trees

Garden layout

Most of the vegetables grow well in different climatic zones. But you need to choose zoned varieties. Otherwise, the plants may wither from the heat or stop growing from the cold. A short summer or lack of moisture will not allow you to get a crop of heat-loving varieties. In regions with such climatic conditions it is advisable to build greenhouses and hotbeds.

When planning an assortment of crops, preference should be given to plants that require same conditions for growth: this facilitates the care of the city.

The yield depends on where and how the greenhouse is placed. The most successful location is considered:

On a hill where it's drier.
In a bright place, not obscured by buildings and trees.
In the direction east - west (latitudinal).

This arrangement is beneficial for the following:

beds are illuminated evenly;
the sun's rays fall on the wall of the structure almost perpendicularly, therefore the reflection coefficient is very small.

The installation of a greenhouse in the north-south direction (meridian), in which a significant proportion of the light is reflected and the beds are illuminated unevenly (the northern side is worse), is acceptable only for greenhouses operated exclusively in summer and south of the 60th latitude. In such conditions, the sun rises high and the shortcomings of the meridian location are minimal.

Properly position the greenhouse from north to south - in this case, it will be lit by the sun throughout the daylight hours

Garden beds are located in places not shaded by trees during the day. Orientation to the cardinal points depends on the water content of the area:

in wet low-lying areas: the beds are formed in the direction from south to north, so that the aisles are warmed by the sun;
in dry areas: choose the direction "west - east" so that the aisles remain in the shade and retain moisture longer.

According to the height, the beds are divided into:

in-depth: used when it is not possible to frequently water the garden;
at ground level: standard, for normal conditions;
raised (soil is poured into wooden frames): do not require soil preparation on the site, quickly warm up by the sun (relevant for the northern regions).

In addition to horizontal, vertical beds are also arranged: this arrangement of plants helps to significantly save space in small areas.

Crop rotation

Plants differ in chemical composition, respectively, each of them extracts its own set of trace elements from the soil. The rational use of soil consists in alternating various types plants in order to extract trace elements evenly and give them the opportunity to recover. If plants of the same type are planted on the site from year to year, the soil is depleted. In addition, pathogenic microorganisms characteristic of this plant develop in it.

The crop rotation cycle is 4 years. That is, each crop is re-planted in a certain area only after 3 years. Based on this, the site is divided into 4 parts, crops of 4 types are planted on them and then they are alternated according to the table.

Table 1: Crop rotation of horticultural crops traditionally grown in the garden

Plant compatibility

Some plants planted side by side oppress each other, others do not have any mutual effect or even contribute to the development of a neighbor. So, in the neighborhood of beans and peppers or carrots and dill, a high yield cannot be expected. But corn, pumpkin and beans, on the contrary, are great for each other. Full information about the compatibility of cultures is displayed in the table.

Table 2: plant compatibility

Video: mixed landings

Growing plants in a limited area

Plot small size requires a special approach so that all areas are used with maximum effect. Here's how they do it under these conditions:

The garage is located near the road, so as not to allocate usable space to the entrance to it.
Berry bushes are planted around the perimeter of the site. When landing from the edge of the trees, you would still have to step back from the border of the site so that the branches do not block the street, and then the extreme lane will be unoccupied. It is not scary if some of the shrubs are in a shady place - the lack of sun has almost no effect on their growth and productivity.
Instead of ordinary fruit trees, columnar ones are planted. In such plants, the branches are directed upwards, which allows them to be planted at a distance of 0.7 - 0.8 m from each other. On a plot of 5 sq. m fits up to 15 columnar trees.
Planted among the trees plants that can develop in partial shade. In the southern regions, under such conditions, even pumpkins, watermelons, zucchini and cucumbers can produce a good harvest. In the central and northern - only salads and greens. So, rhubarb, lettuce, sorrel, parsley, cilantro, spinach, Odessa curly, watercress and others grow well in shaded areas. A rich source of vitamins is wild garlic, which grows in natural conditions just under the trees. Cucumber grass (borage) and garlic are also unpretentious to lighting conditions. You can also plant beets: the root crops will be smaller, but more tender and easy to cook.

Of the berry bushes, fragrant raspberries, blue honeysuckle, chokeberry, viburnum, and irga are not afraid of shade.

Before spraying fruit trees, the greens planted between them must be covered with polyethylene.

How to decorate a backyard

In addition to performing a purely utilitarian function - growing crops - a garden plot can become a beautiful natural corner. Residents of the southern regions have the greatest opportunities for decorating the garden. Traditionally grown here ornamental plants:

In the middle lane, gardens are decorated with plants:

Coniferous: berry yew(form hedges), elfin species of cypress and juniper.
Perennial flowers: hostas, callas, bergenia, geykhera.
Flowering shrubs: lilac, honeysuckle, weigella, panicled hydrangea, rhododendron, garden jasmine, solar forsythia.
Plants for vertical gardening (form a green wall): campsis, clematis, parthenocissus. The latter, having high winter hardiness, does not require shelter in cold weather.

In the northern latitudes, two methods are used to improve the garden:

Local plants are planted - dwarf birches growing in this region berry bushes, raspberry trees, conifers.
Ornamental plants are planted in containers, and they are hidden in greenhouses for the winter, winter gardens or basements. In this case, the choice of crops is not limited, as long as the plants have small roots.

Terraced areas on the slopes have great artistic potential. In addition to ornamental plants, they are decorated with waterfalls made of natural stone retaining walls, beautiful platforms and stairs.

Video: the best ideas and crafts for giving your own hands

A good harvest will bring only a properly organized plot. As you can see, before mastering it, you have to answer whole line questions. Following our advice, the reader will be able to get the most out of his possessions.

A rare owner of a private house prefers not to plant fruit trees on his plot. Everyone usually wants to have a fruit garden - in spring, trees delight with wonderful flowering and aroma, and fruits and berries from your own garden always seem much tastier than those bought in a store or market, besides, you know that these are environmentally friendly products. In the art of Feng Shui, the image of a blooming orchard is a symbol of abundance and prosperity. The layout of the garden is a responsible matter, their growth and ability to bear fruit will depend on how correctly you plant the trees, so this task must be treated with great attention.

If you want to grow vegetables in your garden as well, the layout of the garden and vegetable garden must be considered together. It is better to take a place for beds at the southern border, from north to south, this is better for crops growing in the middle lane. Some gardeners recommend placing beds from east to west. Behind the vegetable and strawberry (strawberry) beds are located fruit bushes- currant, gooseberry. Behind the bush trees are planted, berry shrubs easy Shade from trees will not hurt, and vegetable beds should be in the sun.

An example of the design of vegetable beds - they do not have to be square or rectangular, the original beds resemble flower beds

Before you start planning your garden, you need to take into account the following important factors:

What is the size of the area can be allocated for an orchard. For trees with spreading crowns, a distance of 4 sq.m.
terrain. For an orchard, flat terrain or a gentle slope would be ideal; cold air, excessive moisture, these areas are unfavorable for fruit trees.
Soil analysis of your site. Fruit crops have a powerful root system, soils must be fertile to provide it good food. Stony, clay, sandy soil is not suitable for a garden. The proximity of groundwater negatively affects the growth of trees.
Presence of heat and light. For most fruit trees, it is important that there is plenty of light and heat; in the shade, they grow and bear fruit much worse. It should be said about the area with constant strong wind- the wind interferes with normal pollination, dries the soil, often damages crops and breaks tree branches. A high fence or green spaces can partially protect against winds.

Planning starts with a blueprint on paper. If there is already a house on the site, you need to start planning from it. A map of the site, the contours of the house and other buildings, as well as places where trees already grow, are applied to the paper on a scale.

This site is protected from the wind by trees planted around it, which have already grown enough to provide protection.

If the site is not built up yet, a place for building a house is applied to the scheme. The layout of the garden on the site suggests the presence of a front garden. The house should face the street, in front of it there is a strip of land for the front garden. Its size depends on the area of the site - for someone it is only a meter, for someone it is 6-8 meters. In a small front garden, flowers, raspberries and berry bushes are usually planted, in a large one - ornamental trees, flowers or several fruit trees at the discretion of the owners.

For large fruit trees - apple trees, pears, take a place in the northeast side of the site, between them and fruit and berry bushes - a place for smaller trees - cherries, plums.

An example of the layout of the garden and vegetable garden - the site is divided into two parts. In the first half - a house surrounded by a front garden and beds with vegetables, the second half - an orchard with trees planted in rows

In general, it will be convenient to draw a site plan, put on it all the existing buildings, the proposed location of the garden and vegetable garden. On the site you need to mark the holes for planting trees. Try to plant trees at a distance so that as they grow, they do not obscure each other. Heap-growing bushes and trees in the garden do not grow well, in addition, conditions are created for diseases of horticultural crops. In fruit trees, the root system is powerful, it should develop freely.

Advice. If your site is overgrown with wild shrubs, there are stumps on it that need to be uprooted, do necessary work and burn the wood residues. Collect the ashes in a dry place, it will come in handy when creating fertile beds.

Usually, the layout of an orchard involves planting trees in such a way that they do not obscure the neighbors' plots, but it is not uncommon for a tree to grow near the fence itself, providing both owners and neighbors with fruits, while no one has any complaints.

Today it is fashionable to give the beds an original shape, for example, a pizza garden. The highlight is that from the round beds in the center, the rest diverge like slices of pizza, forming a circle.

At the borders of the site, raspberries, blackberries or berry bushes are usually planted, which also bear fruit well in shading.

Landscaping and regular planning

Below we give examples of garden planning for lovers of order and clarity of forms and for those who like it when plants in an orchard are also planted according to the scheme, but give the impression of natural areas.

Landscaping involves the arrangement of trees and other crops in a free order, close to natural. In such a garden, in addition to fruit crops, decorative ones are also widely used.

An example of a free-plan garden - vegetable beds on the left and top, fruit trees planted in groups in the center and on the right

With regular planning, trees and shrubs, as well as vegetables in the garden, are planted in strict rows at the same distance. The landing pattern also has a strict geometric shape - a square for sections whose length and width are almost equal, and a rectangle for sections whose length is much greater than the width.

An example of a regular layout of a garden with a garden - a clear geometry, the site is divided into regular squares, rectangles, plants are planted in rows

Where are the best crops to plant?

These are trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in your latitudes. For the middle lane, these are pears, apple trees (it is advisable to plant several trees of different varieties), different varieties of plums and cherry plums, cherries. Cherries and apricots will ripen in warm latitudes. Berry bushes - all varieties of currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. With a small area of \u200b\u200bthe plot, shrubs are conveniently located around the perimeter.

If you plant a few apple trees, among which there will be summer, autumn and winter apple trees, the fruits will delight you in different time of the year

An example of an interesting garden layout - paths diverge from a square of slabs in the center, between which there are beds, planted on each of the beds different cultures. Get comfortable with any of them.

On vegetable beds nearby, you need to plant crops that grow well in close proximity to each other:

cabbage, cucumbers, peas;
white cabbage, dill, potatoes, onions, lettuce, celery;
tomatoes, peas, carrots;
horseradish, potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage.

When you draw a diagram, decide which plants to plant and in what quantity, you can start marking the garden on the ground, buy seedlings and prepare the soil.

Happy owners of their own land plots, whether it is a dacha or private house, almost immediately face the problem of competent zoning of the territory. Now there are a lot of specialists in landscape design, but our man is closer to planning a garden with his own hands. A house, a garden and a vegetable garden are their own, and here it is important to take into account all the nuances from the very beginning, because it will be problematic or even impossible to remake.

Common types of planning

Tip: in the vast majority of cases, when designing a standard garden and vegetable garden with their own hands, experts adhere to proportions according to which residential buildings account for 10% of the territory, 15% is taken by a recreation area and outbuildings, 75% is given to plants.

Despite the apparent diversity, the layout of the garden plot can be done in four main ways.

The most common is the rectilinear or parallel-perpendicular version.. He is chosen not because he has some special beauty, but rather because it is easier. Plus, such an arrangement is subconsciously associated with order.

Important: parallel-perpendicular forms, in plan landscape design, create the effect of reducing space.
Therefore, in this way, planning can be carried out garden plot 10 acres or more.

The exact opposite would be the circular arrangement option.. Let's say right away that this is a rather specific method, and it requires certain knowledge in landscape design. An orchard and flower beds can be entered in this way, but it will be more difficult with a vegetable garden.
The diagonal arrangement can be called universal to some extent.. Thus, it can be done as a layout of a garden plot of 15 acres or more. So the arrangement on the standard six acres. The diagonal orientation creates a visual volume and at the same time makes it possible to easily arrange the location of various zones on the site with your own hands.
The fourth option can be safely called creative. There are no specific laws here, as a rule, it is a symbiosis of several of the types described above. Most often it is used in areas with incorrect configuration and broken perimeter lines.

Tip: Before you start implementing your project, be sure to draw it on paper.
If you have purchased a finished site, which already has some buildings and plantings that you do not plan to clean, they should be noted first of all and further build on the resulting picture.

Laws of rational distribution

Of course, it is much easier to plan the location of buildings, a garden and a vegetable garden on 10 acres, this is the very critical quadrature on which such landscape delights as an open pond or a separate playground will already look appropriate. But the owners of smaller plots should not be upset either, with a competent approach, you can make a masterpiece out of any territory.

In any project, the house is the main object, they pay attention to it in the first place, so you should start with it. The approach here can be twofold, depending on the general focus.

If the site is being developed in order to grow a good harvest and in the future it should be overgrown with fruit trees and a rich garden, then it is better to place the buildings on the outskirts. Moreover, from the north or northwest side, so as not to block the sun for plants.

On the territory intended exclusively for recreation, with lawns and flower beds, it is more reasonable to locate housing in the center or closer to the front part. Outbuildings, in both cases, are recommended to be hidden in the depths of the territory, if this is not possible, then they should be decorated with shrubs or vineyards.

It is better to place a recreation area with a barbecue and appropriate furniture closer to home, in small areas it is appropriate to make a covered terrace adjacent to the house, in large areas you can equip a gazebo. So it will be more convenient to bring the necessary communications. But, of course, such a zone should be hidden from prying eyes.

If you wish to receive regular good harvests and admire the beauty of their flower beds all season long, then all green spaces should receive as much sunlight as possible. Also of great importance is the layout of the orchard and vegetable garden with your own hands, because the price of improper planting is the lack of a crop.

Arrangement of an orchard

Suppose that all the torments of creativity associated with the arrangement of various zones in your country house or in a private household are already behind us and it is time to purchase seedlings. The most common mistake young owners make is the desire to plant everything and more.

But do not forget that fertile land is not dimensionless and no more than 7 tall, fruit-bearing trees can fit on one hundred square meters.

With a low or flat planting, you can fit up to 15 healthy trees and still have room for a small vineyard and shrubs. In this case, it is much better to plant less than to invest in quality seedlings, the price of which can be rather big, and uproot the trees after a couple of seasons, because they do not develop well and interfere with the growth of neighboring plantations.

Review your list.

Think about whether you need all the plants that you plan to plant.

Sea buckthorn is certainly useful, but after the first harvest, interest in it drops sharply. Intensive growth, thorns and problematic collection will quickly discourage growing it, it is easier to buy 1 - 2 cans on the market.
A cultivated undersized walnut is rare, in 80% of cases you will be sold a regular one. Its crown will cover a large area, and its roots can tear out a light strip foundation. It is appropriate for large plots or next to a capital cottage, creating a shadow over the barbecue area.
Hazelnuts will take a quarter of a hundred square meters and give a lot of shoots.
One viburnum is enough, it is better to plant it on the outskirts, near the fence. The plant is unpretentious and normally tolerates shade.
Chokeberry or chokeberry, for a big fan. The fruits are good for pressure, but this plant loves the sun.

Any plant reaches for the light, and until it reaches its goal, it will not bear fruit normally. Therefore, by planting a seedling in a deliberately shaded area, you doom yourself to a lack of harvest, and the plant to an eternal struggle. In this case, even the best, grafted seedlings will not save you.

The shadow is about half the height of the tree. Conditionally shaded is an area where there is no sun for half a day or more. But do not worry in these places you can place paths, design elements or flower beds.

Important: trees planted near high walls will “shy away” from them, they will need to be shaped.
The only exception is the south direction.

If the goal is big harvest then it is better to form trees with a height of no more than 2m, in some cases the height can reach up to 4m. A comfortable distance between the trunks should be two tree heights, in other words, there should be at least 4m between two-meter plants.

Lines of trees, vineyard trellises and rows of shrubs try to arrange from north to south. Thus, you get an additional opportunity to plant low-growing crops between the rows of tall plants, there will be enough sun for everyone.

A few words about the garden

In the garden, ease of movement is important. The comfortable size of the paths is made at least 40 cm. It should be convenient not only to walk on them, but also to import fertilizers or harvest.

Based on many years of experience, we can safely say that the parallel-perpendicular arrangement of the tracks is inconvenient in this case. You will constantly stumble over right angles, and scold sharp turns.

The law works on vegetable beds, the shorter the path, the better. Therefore, feel free to combine diagonals, semicircles, or any other configuration that is convenient for you.

The width of the beds can be different, but a good bed should be raised to a height of about 20 - 30 cm and edged with a border. The internal space, at the same time, is completely filled with fertile, fertilized soil.

Cabbage, root crops and some bushy legumes like beds at least 1 meter wide. Beds for climbing beans, tall spreading tomatoes, cucumbers or melons can be made 60 cm each.

You should also take into account mutual love or dislike of cultures.

Rhubarb, sorrel, perennial onions and horseradish are recommended to be planted separately from the general array.
A variety of greens, such as dill, parsley, spinach, arugula and other salads, will find their place between the main beds.
Cabbage does not tolerate neighborhood with tomatoes, strawberries, onions or potatoes. Onions are negatively related to legumes or turnips. Cucumbers do not need to be combined with tomatoes, rhubarb or carrots.
If we talk about a favorable combination, then legumes, corn and sorrel get along well with zucchini. Tomatoes like to grow next to parsley, beans, carrots or onions.

Important: do not forget about crop rotation.
Related plants should not be planted in one place for more than 3 years, after which redevelopment should be carried out.
Otherwise, land depletion may occur.

The video in this article reveals some of the secrets of landscape design and do-it-yourself garden planning.

Conclusion

The layout of the garden and vegetable garden on 15 acres belongs to the category of layout of large areas. Unlike miniature 6 acres, there is already room for creative thought to roam here. But we do not advise you to neglect the above recommendations, it can take a lot of time to correct errors.

The garden is usually perceived only as a source fresh vegetables and greenery. Meanwhile, green beds can become important element garden design. In addition, a reasonable layout of the garden, taking into account the needs of plants, helps to get an excellent harvest.

The main principles of garden planning

1. Maximum light

Most vegetables are photophilous. It is better to choose a well-lit and evenly lit area for the garden. For example, tomatoes reduce yields even if they are in the shade for about 2 to 3 hours a day. So that both sides are heated evenly, the beds are oriented from north to south.

2. Calculate your strength.

Allocate exactly as much space for the garden as you can - and want! - process. If you are in the country only on weekends and then not every time, it hardly makes sense to plan a large garden and strive to plant as many crops as possible.

3. Wide beds are not always good.

The planning of a personal plot usually begins with marking the beds for vegetables. Traditionally, in our gardens, the beds are made 100 - 120 cm wide. This saves the usable area of the garden, but makes it difficult to take care of the plantings: it is not always convenient to stretch. 70 cm wide beds are much easier to care for. For the elderly, not only narrow, but also raised beds are convenient, over which you do not need to bend down. High beds are increasingly dressed in a frame made of boards, or ready-made ones are used, in which they fall asleep fertile land. In this case, both water and fertilizers are used by plants more rationally.

4. Do not get carried away with complex-shaped beds

This makes it difficult to care for and worsens the conditions for plants, since the earth dries out faster in the corners, so the plants may not develop evenly.

5. Passages between beds should not be the same width.

For normal care, a distance of 40 cm is sufficient; for high beds add 20 - 35 cm due to the presence of walls. If the garden is large, you need a through path for walking and walking, you can also make a platform for recreation. However, before proceeding with the formation of beds, think about how to lay a path. They should be wide enough, lead to all corners of the garden, it should be convenient not only to walk on them, but also to carry a cart.

6. Don't be afraid to combine cultures.

especially compatible with each other. Combination on the same bed different forms foliage, color shades and plant height looks much more attractive than monotonous rows of plantings.

Beautiful garden.

Suitable for gardening basic principles garden design, because volumetric decorative compositions can be created from almost any plant.

Tall plants are suitable for a single planting and creating a background: sunflower, corn, dill, amaranth, Jerusalem artichoke, lovage, rhubarb, tall tomatoes. Sorrel and horseradish will find their place under the rhubarb, mint, oregano, perennial onions, borage and spicy herbs will complement and decorate it with flowers and umbrellas.

Draw a garden plan

The main problems in planning a garden and a personal plot are the need to observe crop rotation and different needs for vegetables. Suppose a family needs one garden bed for radishes, a third of it for lettuce, and as many as three cucumbers. The next year, all the same things will have to be planted in a completely different way. On the one hand, this is a plus, since the picture looks different every time. On the other side - headache, as this puzzle has to be solved year after year. To see if all the desired volume of vegetables will fit in the beds or if some positions will have to be reduced, draw a garden plan.

Divide the area into squares, rectangles, triangles. In nature, their size should be such that you can reach the middle of the bed with your hand. Estimate how many sections for which crop you need (for example, zucchini - 4, radish - 2, etc.).

Then cut out the required amount from a sheet of paper and sign the names of the crop, its height and color. And then move these pieces of paper according to the plan of the garden, changing their places in accordance with the crop rotation plans.

Place low plants closer to the front edge, medium ones behind them, tall ones in the background as accents. Insufficient height of vegetable plants can be compensated by the use of raised beds. Naturally, they have a ladder, the lowest ones are closer to the observer. Do not forget about lighting - this is very important when planning a garden: tall plants should not obscure low ones.

What can and cannot be planted.

There are garden crops that cannot grow and develop side by side due to the mutual intolerance of root and essential secretions. But there are also plants capable of "mutual assistance": planted in the neighborhood, they favorably influence each other. This must be taken into account when planning a personal plot.

Dislikes neighborhoods:

tomatoes and kohlrabi;
cucumbers and cabbage;
onions (onions and garlic) and potatoes, cabbage, legumes, beets;
legumes and nightshade (tomatoes, peppers).

Nowadays many people have Vacation home with a small plot of land that they would like to take under the garden or vegetable garden. It would seem, at first glance, a rather simple task, however, in order for everything to be not only beautiful, but also practical, it is necessary to work hard on correct layout land plot. This task is not easy, because in the planning process you need to follow certain rules. How to plan a garden and a garden, the photos of which will look just amazing, as well as existing planning models, will be discussed later in this article.

Landscaping: where to start?

Before we talk about how to plan a garden, you need to understand what it is and why it is needed. Planning is a breakdown of a piece of land into separate zones in order to rationalize its use. However, where do you start? The first step is to decide for what purposes the land will be used. You can plant a plot with fruit trees or shrubs, make a garden out of it, or you can even, having correctly planned everything, combine a garden and a vegetable garden. In the latter case, the whole difficulty lies, since not all people know how to properly plan a garden. Therefore, you should start with the creation of your own unique idea. If your imagination is not enough for you, then you can turn to landscape designers for help.

Step by step planning guide

It’s not so difficult to make a garden or vegetable garden from a piece of land in a country house separately, but if you want to grow both vegetables and fruit crops, then in this case it is simply impossible to do without a correct and thoughtful layout. How to plan a garden and a garden so that they are as convenient as possible? All planning work is carried out in the following sequence:

Draw on a piece of paper a rough outline of how you want your household plot. Determine in advance where the beds will be located, and where you will plant fruitful trees.
Calculate the total area of the site and distribute it into zones that will be used for planting certain crops. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the fact that it is not recommended to plant trees too close to each other. It is also worth paying attention to how to plan the plot of the garden. Everything should be thought out literally to the smallest detail in order to make the most of every meter of land for planting.
Decide what crops you will be growing. In the garden, you can plant potatoes, as well as take several beds for tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and other vegetables. In the garden, you can plant one type of fruit-bearing trees, as well as several bushes of raspberries, currants and strawberries. It all depends on your desires and preferences.
Determine the type of soil in your backyard, as well as its properties. This is very important, because the quality of the future crop depends on the quality of the soil.

If you do not know how to plan your own garden, seek the help of qualified professionals. They will not only help you distribute the land more rationally, but also tell you which types of plants can be planted together and which not, select the best fertilizers and tell you about the intensity of watering and the rules for caring for plants.

Drawing up a diagram of a personal plot

When you finally decide how to plan a garden and a garden, photos of which will delight you and your loved ones, and carefully consider all the nuances, you can start drawing up a planting plan. How to do it will be discussed further.

What should be shown on the diagram?

You should think over as best as possible, not only what crops will grow on your plot, but also on what basis they will be planted.

The landing scheme can be developed independently, without resorting to the help of professionals, but the following instruction will help you with this:

Take a picture of your garden so you always have a picture of it at hand. This will allow you to correctly draw up a diagram and avoid many mistakes in the planning process.
Make a plan for your suburban area with the location on it of all the buildings and the land that you want to plant.
Mark up the diagram. This will allow you to calculate the optimal distance between trees and beds.

To make it more convenient to work with the diagram and get a more visual image of the future garden and vegetable garden, you can paint individual zones with different colors.

Land plot planning: an overview of existing models

If you do not know how to plan a garden yourself, then you can use ready-made planning models. There are quite a few models, but the main and most common today are only three: decorative, rectangular and arbitrary. It should be noted right away that when choosing a model, you should be guided not only by the features of the relief in your country house. Let's take a closer look at each model and talk about its features, as well as advantages and disadvantages.

decorative model

Perfect for those people who do not want to bother much with gardening and plan to grow only ornamental plants and plantings. This model involves the improvement of a certain piece of land in the form of a circle, which is planted with flowers and shrubs. Around a kind of flower bed, currant and raspberry bushes are not planted too tightly. If the land area allows, then you can also plant several fruit trees.

Rectangular model

If you do not know how to plan a garden, a photo of which will need to be taken upon completion of planning, then the best option would be to use a rectangular layout model. It is universal, because it allows one part of the land to be used for a vegetable garden, and the other part to be used as a garden. The land plot in this case may have a square or rectangular shape. At the beginning of the site, beds are made for vegetable crops, berry bushes are planted next to them, and fruit trees are usually located a little further away.

Custom Model

It is used on plots of land of non-standard shape, regardless of size. The number of beds and fruit-bearing plants depends solely on the area, and the principle of planting them is completely identical to that used in the rectangular model.

Conclusion

Now you have a detailed idea of how to plan a garden. Despite the fact that this task is not an easy one, especially for people who do not have experience in performing such work, nevertheless, if you strictly follow the instructions and recommendations described in this article, then you will certainly succeed.

Finally, it is worth noting that, no matter which planning model you choose, it is necessary to take into account the features of the relief of the land plot, as well as the natural factors of your region. In addition, use only young seedlings for planting, as old trees produce very little yield. Don't be afraid to experiment in your area. Only the one who does nothing does not succeed.