Decorative and applied wood carving. Woodcarving. Decorative and applied art. Artistic woodcarving

24.09.2018

The love for woodcarving has been inherent in Russian people since the time of worship. pagan gods. Orthodox Church, as you know, banned sculpture, as it considered it one of the manifestations of paganism and idolatry. However, the irresistible craving for plastic creativity, for woodcarving did not fade away. Widely known, for example, enjoyed the so-called house carving, in which the decorative talent of a carpenter, or carver, was manifested in the traditional decoration of the northern Russian hut.

Carved decorative wooden rosettes, corner blocks and baseboards are a simple and economical decorative wooden accessory. They are often used to decorate window and door cases, cabinets, range hoods and furniture. Carved wood rosettes are applied to flat surfaces, while carved wood corner blocks with built-in carvings replace migrated corners and save you time as well. All carved wooden corner blocks and rosettes are created in digital form and cut to order so it can be cut to size and custom made in any way you need and also added to other products on the site.

The object world that surrounded the inhabitants of the northern regions in the past was most often made of wood, and it is not easy to name a product (we are talking not only about wooden utensils, spinning wheels, furniture, sledges and carts, and much, much more) that would not be decorated with carvings . In this sphere of folk art of the North, over the long centuries of history, genuine masterpieces of artistic creativity were created, when not only the functional and constructive, but also the artistic side of the products received a harmonious solution.

Artistic woodcarving

Incorporated into a decorative mantle surround or trim wood doorways and window skins, carved wood columns and pilasters are the most classic component in decorative architecture. All carved wooden columns and pilasters are digitally decorative art and can be custom made and custom made to your specifications. Wooden carved decorative brackets and corbels are a traditional ornament that allows overhanging weights to be carried and is often used for decoration kitchen islands, kitchen hoods and fireplaces.

Iconostases in churches with exquisite compositions, which were made with gilded wooden carvings, and carved images of saints, without a doubt, are masterpieces of art by northern wood carving masters and skilled artists. Monuments of wooden architecture, which have lived a long life in the harsh conditions of the northern climate, currently need close attention to themselves. Responsible work to extend the life of ancient wooden buildings, to monitor their safety for future generations of our compatriots, was undertaken by employees of not only state, but also public bodies for the protection of cultural monuments, as well as restorers from Vologda.

Carved wooden Decoration Materials designed for top posts. All cut decorative art can be redone to your needs and custom made, if you don't see what you are looking for let us know and we will gladly do it for you.

Wood carving wood carving, made of carved decorative wood overlays and appliqués, is a decorative ornaments, useful for visual interest in flat areas. Carved overlays and appliqués are often used to decorate fireplace mantels, stoves or hoods, and cabinetry. Many sizes, including wide scrolls, are standardized, but we can make any of the products according to your preferences.

Brigades of carpenters, wood carvers, roofers from the Vologda restoration workshop carried out work in such cities as Vologda, Belozersk, Veliky Ustyug, Ustyuzhnya, Totma, Cherepovets and many other cities and rural areas. Directly in the vicinity of Vologda, in a village called Semenkovo, an architectural and ethnographic museum of the Vologda region was created. The exposition of the museum presents exhibits reflecting the historical path of development of the Vologda wooden construction, as well as its regional features.

Woodcarving. One of the main branches of arts and crafts in Ukraine. For many centuries simple people they carved wooden plates, spoons, bowls, walking sticks, furniture, postcards, sledges, gates, beams and pediments and decorated them with designs organically related to the practical function of these objects. Richly carved crosses and three-armed candlesticks played an important role in family and religious rituals. It was mostly themed and large scale and, unlike folk ornamentation, it was mostly floral and made in relief.

No less interesting is the original art wood carving, which is common in folk life.

In the present Vologda Oblast there were a large number of production centers wooden utensils. For example, in Sukhona, Kokshenge, in such areas as Kubena, Kirillovo, Totma, Veliky Ustyug. In each of them, over the course of many centuries, not only their own variants of the forms of objects were formed, but also favorite techniques for decorating them.

Quite a few examples of carvings from before the 19th century have survived. In the 19th century, the influence of larger market forces was profound: carvers began to produce purely decorative objects, and intermediaries who organized the distribution of such objects began to demand new and alien designs.

Under Soviet rule, wood carving was a highly organized cottage industry that was supported and operated by the state on a commercial basis. Due to its remoteness, its resources and the artistic talent of its inhabitants, it was the leading center for woodcarving in Ukraine. Hutsul woodcarving flat cutting and geometric. It is enriched with inlays of colored wood, bone, metal wire, mother-of-pearl and beads.

If the dishes required the presence of some kind of three-dimensional plastic, then on objects whose shapes were distinguished by large smooth planes, various methods of flat notched carving were used. They could be modest cuts or developed ornamental compositions. They could decorate the surfaces, for example, of rollers for washing clothes, the so-called rubels - rollers, which were used if necessary to smooth the canvas, ruffled for cleaning flax, as well as gingerbread boards and spinning wheels.

The works of modern Hutsul masters, such as the family, Ivan Balaurak, Mykola Tymkiv and the family, were sold all over the world. In central and eastern Ukraine, folk ornaments are flat carvings with predominantly geometric and occasional floral motifs. The cuts are deeper and the relief is higher. For example, Peter Verna, cut from literary characters. Vasile Svida has developed a special style based on local woodcarving traditions. He also inspired and educated the younger generation in this art.

The woodcarving tradition is known for its animal figures and flowers. Many families have won recognition for their artistic work. Decorative wooden objects found in excavations in Central Asia show that the Turkish art of wood carving dates back to a distant past. As in other areas of art, animal ornaments with legendary and religious significance were often used in the design of wooden objects. This tradition, known as the "animal style", was gradually phased out and replaced with floral and geometric motifs after the Turks converted to Islam.

Printed and gingerbread boards, which were widespread among the peoples of the north, are of great interest in the study of flat-relief carving. Gingerbread boards acted as a form for the so-called "printed gingerbread". In order to make a gingerbread board, the master had to make a pattern in the thickness of the board, which, due to its high relief, was imprinted in the gingerbread dough. On square and rectangular gingerbread, large and very miniature gingerbread forms, craftsmen made it possible to appear, for example, lions with curly heads and bared mouths, vigilantly looking human eyes, long-tailed birds and flowers - rosettes, berries and fruits, as well as the most elementary geometric motifs, such as, for example, rhombuses and cups.

Existing household items used over a long segment of time spanning the Sejuk and Ottoman periods are so small as to be virtually non-existent. On the contrary, the architectural fittings of religious structures dating back to the Seljuk period, as well as the objects used in these buildings, are sufficient to give a good idea of Turkish woodcarving. Doors and window shutters, pulpits of mosques, sarcophagi in mausoleums, on pillars and pulpits of the Koran demonstrate high-tech woodcarving.

Sometimes small images were combined on one board, which was divided into squares. After baking, the gingerbread was cut into slices to present to guests at the end of the celebration. Such gingerbread was called "accelerating". The highest skill in creating gingerbread boards was manifested not only in the transfer of the ornamental plot, but also in the methods of its execution.

Although rare, the carving of animal figurines on such objects is interesting as an illustration of the continuity of this tradition. Architectural elements in some mosques in Anatolia provide significant information about woodcarving in the principalities in the post-Seljuk period. The columns and capitals as well as the beams of these mosques, most of which are from the 13th century, show excellent wood carvings. In most cases, mosque workshops were built almost exclusively of wood.

Syria and Egypt in particular showed a development in this art parallel to that in Anatolia in terms of the methods employed. In this regard, it is important to remember that at that time Anatolia was very rich. The main part of the preserved wooden objects from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods is housed in the Ankara Ethnographic Museum and the Istanbul Museum of Turkish and Islamic Antiquities. Craftsmen's signatures even appear on some objects. The richness of decoration seen in the wood carvings used in Seljuk architecture developed in parallel with the architecture of the period.

Additionally

Wood carving is a type of decorative and applied art, as well as one of the types for, and in general concept art as an ancient folk craft.

Until now, traditional architecture remains in modern world. Vasnetsov's teremok, located in Abramtsevo, and attracting the attention of many tourists, can serve as such an example. In their pictures you can see a large number wooden architecture, thanks to which you never cease to be amazed at the imagination of the masters.

In this regard, it is necessary to remember the very decorative facades of mosques, especially during this period. This development cannot be traced back to the period Ottoman Empire, which in itself is interesting fact. Apart from a few exceptions, a new simplicity gradually began to prevail over wooden architectural elements during the reign of the Ottomans. While some new techniques, such as mother-of-pearl inlay, emerged, they did not actually contradict the new trend towards simplification, in that they only tangentially represented wood carving and because they did not evoke such an effect on the viewer.

Today, the craze for faceless modern finishing raw materials is gradually disappearing. A person wanted to give his house a unique and inimitable look, where carved elements are used in decoration, creating shimmering chiaroscuro, or simple wooden elements, thanks to which the room takes on a finished look.

In fact, wooden architectural elements in the Ottoman period, with their more severe and simple appearance, took on a simpler and more functional air, and more specifically, aesthetic elements replaced the exaggerated decoration of the Seljuks. Wooden houses represent a little-known aspect of Turkish architecture. Facades, cornices and ceiling decorations of traditional Turkish wooden houses are fascinating examples of carvings and faux inlays and display a variety of styles from period to period.

A new approach gradually adopted in the Ottoman Empire is painting on wood. From the 15th century, decorations began to be painted on both architectural elements and small wooden objects. Interesting examples date back to the 18th and 19th centuries in the secular architecture of Topkapı Palace and urban centers such as Edirne and Bursa. Among these examples, large cabinets, corner cabinets and niches were influenced by the shapes of their marble counterparts in large palaces. Edirne was an important center for wood carving, and the technique of painting on wood, known as Edirnekari, spread to Istanbul and other regions throughout the empire.

It is worth noting that in most cases, for example, if a portrait made using woodcarving hangs on the wall, which is not even noticeable at first glance, the room is filled with special grace, chic and wealth.

Material and classification

Often, soft wood species are used in the carving process, such as: alder, linden, aspen. Harder and more durable wood can also be used: oak, cherry, walnut, beech and apple.
The art of wood carving does not have a special qualification, since it is possible to combine different kinds threads. Conventionally, they are divided into several main categories: slotted, semi-volumetric, laid on, volumetric, geometric, flat-relief, relief, contour, flat-pitted. It is worth noting that each of them has its own name: Tatyanka, Baroque, Islimi, house carving, Akhtyrskokudrinskaya and Bogorodskaya. It is now worth paying attention to each of these types.

Using this drawing technique, in which green color predominated as a background, various objects of everyday use were made, such as drawers, drawers and chairs, some of which were lacquered. Among the wooden Vehicle used by the palace and the upper classes, there are examples of wood carvings that can be regarded as masterpieces in their genre. Kaiki and wagons produced in Istanbul are classified into separate categories of large-scale wooden items.

The imperial caiques and carriages now preserved in various museums are of particular importance as they are examples of carving and painting techniques. The same can be said about the thrones in Topkapı Palace, which, with their decorations of gold, silver and precious stones are also jewelry.

slotted thread

Throughout the time in Russian villages, the presence of a carved facade, which is framed by a beautiful ornament, was considered a sophistication. This type of carving removes the entire blank background, which creates a feeling of airiness. Manufacturing slotted thread very simple, which is the reason for its popularity. Along with this, it can also be said that if we compare the slotted thread with other types, then it is easier to perform, and less force is required for the cutting process.

Another genre of Ottoman woodcarving was the simultaneous use of metal appliqués and metal plaques. The wood used for this genre was not very decorative in itself, and the emphasis was rather on metal accessories. Metal clad doors, window shutters and cabinet doors have existed since Seljuk times. In the 16th century, plaques of various metals, mostly silver, were mounted on everyday wooden objects such as chests, clogs and vacuum cleaners, showing motifs working in the retus technique.

This type is performed using the cutting method in workpieces with a depth of 5-20 mm. It is worth noting that this type is also called sawn or through. As mentioned earlier, it is often used in the process of decorating a house, and if the work is done correctly, then the products are openwork, light and airy, thanks to which the cornices and other elements of the house are uniquely decorated.

This method has been widely used. A close relationship existed between the craftsmen who created the wooden elements used in architecture and architects, which was especially noticeable during the Ottoman period, when many architects were former carpenters and intarsia masters. Mehmet Aga, for example, the architect of the Sultanahmet Mosque, was a master of mother-of-pearl inlay.

These craftsmen, who worked in inlay work, were experts in applying materials such as mother-of-pearl and tortoiseshell to wood. Doors were often decorated in this way and window sashes, cabinets, drawers, stools and stands for Koran. The inlay work in Damascus is different from that in Istanbul. During his reign, he worked in his own carpentry shop and the style of the Palace style began to take shape.

Applied thread

It is an ornament made using a slotted carving with a pre-prepared background nailed or glued. It is worth noting that the craftsmen carefully monitor that there are no chips in the ornament, and the drawing itself was made very carefully, since all the elegance of the finished product depends on these parameters.

Volumetric thread

Represents an image in three-dimensional space. An example is a sculpture that is either completely or partially torn off from the general blank background. It is made from soft wood species, such as linden, alder and others.

In this type of thread, a rough trim is first carried out, and only after that does processing begin along the contours of the image using a chisel. small, decorative elements are processed with knives, the dimensions of which can be less than a millimeter. The final stage is sanding, varnishing, or, if necessary, painting the product.

Geometric carving

Often, in the folk concept, it sounds like a wedge-shaped, and is the art of wood carving, which combines various ornaments, made using combinations of geometric shapes in various combinations. Such a carving has earned particular popularity due to simple processing, a small number of tools used, a simple pattern that creates a decorative and three-dimensional image, as well as a unique play of chiaroscuro.

Among the geometric threads, it is necessary to separately note the flat thread, which is a particularly interesting element, which is easier and less laborious to manufacture.

contour thread

It is the art of wood carving, which is performed by cutting in-depth lines on blanks with cutting through the contours of the required pattern. To put it simply, this is an image on wood, created not with a pencil, but with a carved tool. It is worth noting that this type of carving lends itself perfectly to combination with geometric and embossed carvings. He is distinguished by the presence a large assortment for choosing an ornament, ranging from flowers to a human image.

relief carving

Here the main types are flat-relief and dull relief carving, where the latter, in turn, can be divided into high-relief and bas-relief types. This type of work has gained its popularity due to its decorativeness, beauty, richness and richness of the created product.

Note that each type of thread has its own individual characteristics, and individually are especially beautiful and graceful. If you harmoniously combine all the elements, you can get a real work of art.

The art of wood carving is one of the best crafts available to everyone, and with the help of which an original and aristocratic decoration of the house is provided.