Suitable material for furniture is chosen based on its functionality and the conditions in which it is operated. Despite the conservatism of this market segment, more modern and practical types appear every year. Therefore, craftsmen who make their own furniture must constantly monitor new trends and the emergence of wear-resistant materials.
Technologies for the production of materials for furniture are constantly being improved and developed. More functional novelties appear on the market. These include MDF boards, waterproof plywood, composite materials. Let's consider in more detail what materials the furniture is made of.
wood boards
The most popular variety is chipboard, or chipboard. For its manufacture, sawdust and shavings are used, impregnated with formaldehyde resin, which acts as a binder. This is the most practical material for the manufacture of cabinet furniture. Chipboard materials used in the kitchen and bathroom have increased moisture resistance.
With all the advantages, this type of plate has a significant drawback - the presence of harmful formaldehydes. Their excretions, especially in high concentrations, are hazardous to health.
The disadvantages also include its weak moisture resistance. If water gets under the layer of the laminated surface, the entire plate will swell and crumble. It should be taken into account the moment that even furniture from natural materials may suffer from conditions of excessive moisture and lose its appearance.
fiberboard
In the manufacture of fiberboard, wood fibers are used in the production. They are compressed by hot pressing the mass. In addition to cellulose fibers, the composition includes water and synthetic polymers. Thanks to this technology, one side of the plate has a mesh texture. The other side is the front, covered with a melamine film that creates a smooth surface. Fibreboard is much thinner than chipboard and more flexible.
For the manufacture of furniture, a rough fiber board is also used. Its difference is in front side, the surface of which is not covered with a film, but simply polished. The choice of material is influenced by its cost. In this case, money is saved, because this version of the plate is cheaper than the laminated counterpart. The thickness of the plate is from 3 to 5 mm. Although it is believed that the thicker it is, the better, in this case, everything is different. Fiberboard is used to make the base of drawers and cabinet walls, for which 3 mm is considered an ideal thickness. Therefore, this is the most common fiberboard thickness.
The reasons why you should choose fiberboard for making furniture are the low price of the material, good thermal insulation qualities and long service life. The disadvantages include the fear of moisture and a narrow scope.
MDF
MDF furniture materials are safe and environmentally friendly, since they contain only natural components, such as sawdust. Instead of binding resins, MDF boards contain natural paraffin and lignin. Plate materials from MDF, due to environmental friendliness, are used in the manufacture of children's and kitchen furniture. That is, they are suitable for use in rooms where increased requirements for environmental safety are required.
Another advantage of this material is its density and uniformity, which allows it to be used as a facing material for furniture. From it create facades and decorative trim for furniture. A significant disadvantage of the plates is their weight. They are quite heavy, so they do not make solid furniture from MDF. Material cost is lower natural wood, but slightly higher than chipboard.
Plywood
Plywood is more expensive than chipboard and fiberboard and inferior to them in terms of surface texture diversity. For these reasons, the material is rarely used in the manufacture of furniture.
Plywood Features:
- Sheet thickness from 4 to 21 mm;
- Made from different breeds tree, which doesn't really matter at the moment. It is equally possible to use birch or pine plywood;
- The material is difficult to process. plain plywood sawn with a jigsaw, and plastic-coated material requires special equipment.
This material is moisture sensitive. Therefore, open parts of plywood furniture should be additionally processed.
Plastic
Considering that the furniture natural wood quite expensive due to the cost of raw materials, artificial types of materials that imitate natural ones are increasingly used in its manufacture. One of them is furniture plastic. This layered decorative material are made by pressing several types of special paper.
Furniture finishing materials such as plastic, especially postformed, are used to create furniture fronts, window sills and countertops. Plastic is great for making bathroom furniture where conditions exist high humidity and temperature fluctuations. A new direction in the market is furniture made of composite material. At the heart of its manufacture are two elements - polymer and wood.
Glass
Glass can be used to create various types of furniture. For example, a table with a glass top will look stylish in any interior.
Due to the ability of glass to refract and reflect light, this material performs well decorative element in home design. With the right choice of light, glass furniture facades enliven the room. Such Decoration Materials for furniture like glass are reliable, practical and look good in the interior of the rooms of the house. Even chairs, stools and armchairs of various bizarre shapes are made of glass.
A rock
Materials for the manufacture of stone furniture look quite attractive. The main advantage is its pleasant energy, texture and unique pattern.
Benefits of using:
- Natural coloring and texture does not need additional decoration;
- Indisputable environmental safety, because the stone is one hundred percent natural material;
- It does not need special care, it is enough just to wipe it regularly from dust;
- Resistant to high humidity and temperature extremes.
Used for making kitchen worktops and window sills, as well as garden benches and chairs. Marble and granite are prominent representatives of this type of material. To make it comfortable to sit on the stone, it is equipped with pillows made of such soft fabrics as velor, velveteen, microfur and others.
natural wood
Due to its natural properties, it best material for the production of furniture. First of all, it is environmentally friendly, does not emit toxins. natural wood durable material. Its products have a long service life. Wood is easy to process and furniture of any shape can be made from it. This property allows you to create original designer headsets. The main tree species used are: pine, birch, oak. In addition to these familiar species, rarer ones are also used: sandalwood and mahogany.
Metal
Metal is mainly used for the manufacture of garden furniture sets. Basically, three types of metals are used. These are cast iron, steel and aluminum. cast iron has a beautiful appearance, strong and durable. Since it is very heavy, furniture made from it is difficult to move. This metal is subject to corrosion, therefore, it requires additional processing with a special coating.
Garden tables, gazebos and deck chairs are made of steel. Products can be made in large sizes because they are easy to move. Primer and paint are used to protect against corrosion.
Aluminum is a very light material. Therefore, it is suitable for the manufacture of chairs and armchairs. Resistant to corrosion and does not require additional processing.
Decorative coating of wood boards
To decorative coating wood-based panels include veneering, laminating and laminating chipboard, as well as the production of postforming and softforming facades.
Laminated chipboard is created by covering the surface with a web of rolled material using glue. The fabric is rolled with a roller at a temperature of 20 to 150°C and a pressure of up to 7 MPa.
The advantages of laminated chipboard include its low cost, ease of manufacture, and beautiful appearance. The disadvantages of using this material is a short service life, low wear resistance, the original appearance is lost after 1-2 years.
Melamine coating
Melamine edge is used for upholstering furniture. It is made from decorative paper impregnated with resins. Used for finishing inside products or internal parts. The material is easy to use. You don't need any special equipment to apply it. The thickness of the edge is 0.3 mm, and it comes in one and two layers. back side treated with a special adhesive solution.
Laminate
Surface laminated chipboard covered with a special finishing film. It is resin-impregnated paper. It is attached to the surface with chemical reaction with the participation of resins that are present in the film. There are two types of lamination:
- Cold
- Hotter.
The process itself takes place in four stages. Namely:
- Foundation preparation;
- Preparation of paper for coating;
- Applying this finishing coating to the slab;
- Formation of plates into pallets.
Postforming
So called simple stove Chipboard with rounded corners. Used for the manufacture of furniture facades and kitchen worktops. Postforming facades are made without internal milling, which is why they are cheaper than analogues.
For the manufacture of postforming facades, a standard chipboard sheet with a length of 2.44 meters is used. It is cut into pieces of various widths. Then, on special equipment - an edge banding machine, the ends of the facade are pasted over using a plastic edge. On your own, the ends can only be pasted over with a melamine edge, but it is less durable and not practical.
On the finished product, the junction of the edge and the web must be even and without glue residue. It is better to pack each part separately to avoid scratches and dents.
Softforming
The basis of softforming is chipboard. Its edges are milled and covered with plastic protective film different color. Scope of application - furniture facades. The main difference from postforming lies in the internal milling of the edges of the canvas.
The process of manufacturing a softforming facade is no different from the production of postforming facades. Also front panel standard sizes they are sawn into separate products and the ends of the parts are glued on special equipment. The only difference is that you can additionally make a groove for installing glass on the inside of the parts. Its width is 4 mm.
Facing the most various surfaces most various materials found everywhere. This method of surface treatment carries not only a decorative, but also a protective function.
Depending on the needs and type of surface, a wide variety of cladding materials are used: from classic marble and granite to innovative materials such as lamesite flagstone - when it comes to wall cladding. Or materials based on wood, polymers and impregnated papers - if we talk about furniture.
When restoring furniture, three main facing materials are used: sliced veneer, material based on impregnated papers, polymers and material for processing edges.
Polymer-based cladding materials are flexible polystyrene decorative panels that are most often used for finishing facade surfaces furniture or interior walls. Due to its structure, this material is very easy and convenient to work with, it perfectly withstands vacuum processing, has a wide color scheme and different kinds imitations under a tree or a stone.
Sliced veneer is a material obtained by planing hardwoods. When choosing a veneer, special attention should be paid to its thickness. Too much thickness is irrational for the budget, and too little can turn into trouble during work - for example, glue residue can seep through a thin veneer, thereby spoiling the appearance of the material. The texture of the veneer depends on the species and the anatomical structure of the tree from which it was planed.
Materials based on impregnated papers account for 65% of the total volume of all facing materials for a number of reasons:
- a wide variety of patterns and models;
- strength of colored textures, light fastness;
- lack of connecting seams during installation;
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It has long been customary to process the surfaces of wood panels used in the manufacture of furniture in order to make them more beautiful and attractive. The main method of such processing was gluing a facing material to the surface of the shield, giving this surface the desired look.
Veneer
To imitate expensive wood species, veneer veneer has long been used and is still used today - the thinnest (0.1-3 mm) sheets of wood. In our time, for facing wood-based panels (for example, and) valuable species began to be replaced with cheap wood veneer made using technology. The veneer is attached to the surface with special adhesives.
Film materials
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Modern technologies have made it possible to create film materials, the application of which on the surface of furniture makes it not only more attractive, but also more durable. Such materials are films based on paper impregnated with synthetic, as well as films based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC films), acrylic butadiene styrene (ABS films), polypropylene (PP films) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET films). PVC and ABS films, unlike resin films, are less sensitive to defects in the treated surface due to their greater thickness 5.
Films can be transparent or colored, glossy, matte or semi-matte, rigid or elastic. They can be applied with a pattern (for example, an image of a wood texture). In addition, they are metallized and fluorescent. Their use makes further surface coating unnecessary or.
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Two main methods are used for cladding with films - lamination and laminating.
At laminating the film is applied on with the help of an adhesive covering either the plate itself or the film. Laminating can be hot or cold.
lamination used for applying melamine films, which are impregnated with resin, not completely polymerized. When laminating, the film is applied to wood board without the use of glue, under significant pressure and at sufficiently high temperatures. At the end of the process, the resin turns into a solid polymer.
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In the manufacture of facades, manufacturers, along with traditional finishes, use cladding, for example, with high-strength steel panels.
Finishing for cladding. Paradoxically, many facing materials themselves need to be finished. For example, a layer of veneer or decorative foil, which is applied to the facade of a chest of drawers or a cabinet door, is certainly covered with a layer of protective varnish. That is, the cladding is used to create a beautiful “face”, while the task of finishing is to give strength and durability to the coating.
In the photo: model Paris table from the factory Moda by Di liddo e Perego.
Facing materials are called materials that are applied to the base of the object (the so-called structural material).
Most often, the cladding is a thin layer of material glued or pressed onto the surface that needs decoration. The main difference between cladding and finishing (chemical compounds, impregnations, grouts) is that cladding is a complete material - it can be picked up, folded, bent, broken. Whereas finishes, with rare exceptions, are liquids, solutions, etc.
purpose
For decor. Facing material is by no means an obligatory element of furniture. You can make an object from an array of precious woods and get by with just one finish (transparent varnish). However, cladding has one indisputable advantage: it can be used to create unconventional artistic effects. No paint will replace the beauty of wood fibers, will not reproduce the “sagging” rings on veneer furniture. You can close the most nondescript surface with decorative veneer: aluminum, chipboard or MDF.
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Combination various options veneer gives a striking decorative effect.
For savings. The same facing material can appear in different qualities. For example, bleached oak, processed into veneer, is tinted under all the classic “red” species (walnut, cherry, mahogany), made gray and black, like wenge or ebony. The buyer in the salon chooses the silhouette of the model he likes and orders the desired shade of veneer.
Facing makes furniture more accessible to customers: a similar item made of natural solid wood of ebony, macassar or the same bleached oak would cost much more.
Types of facing materials
traditional materials used in mass production of furniture; taking into account the properties of these materials, machines and tools work, and the technology for their processing is known to the vast majority of manufacturers.:
- Veneer and its synthetic analogues- laminate (film), melamine (paper). Cabinet furniture made of veneer is very durable - it decorates the interiors of houses, offices, restaurants and hotels.
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Bleached oak is strikingly different from wenge-tinted. It seems as if this furniture is made of different materials.
- High Pressure Laminates (HPL) It is one of the most durable finishes for countertops: used by manufacturers of office, garden furniture, less often - factories that produce items for the home.
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HPL plastic is most often lined with office furniture.
- Foil. To decorate the facades of cabinet furniture, both natural precious materials and "imitator" alloys are used - brass instead of gold, aluminum instead of silver. Often follow-up decorative processing foil: its patination, oxidation (rusting). At first, foil was used only by manufacturers of classic furniture, later it was adopted by manufacturers modern furniture for home. Distinguish between traditional and non-standard facing materials.
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Gilding with foil and its imitation is actively used by furniture manufacturers in any style.
Unconventional cladding materials- this is, as a rule, the know-how of a separate factory, the invention of the designer:
- Based on ethnic materials. Coconut shell and coconut veneer weaving, colored mother-of-pearl and seashells.
Pebbles, coconut shells, mother-of-pearl, reed - what kind of materials are not used for furniture lining!
- Based on natural materials. Grass, leaves, eggshells are sunk in a varnish that has not yet hardened. The second most popular material is cement. Shards of porcelain or sea pebbles are immersed in it, thus laying out the surface of the countertop.
- From uncharacteristic materials. No one will be surprised by a dining table with tiles or countertops made of. But the same mosaic on an armchair is not often seen. And linoleum in the form of a table cover is still a rarity.
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Mosaic can decorate not only the floor and walls: on sale you can find dinner table with tiles and even a mosaic chest of drawers.
Skin or textiles look familiar on a sofa or armchair, and on the facade of a closet or dressing room partition they become unconventional. As well as the wallpaper that the customer sends to the factory, where they (in the factory) paste over the surface of a dresser or cabinet.
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