How to connect radiators. And let it be warm in every corner! How to connect the heating battery in the apartment

23.06.2020

First you need to decide which steel radiator you need to connect - with a side or bottom connection.

A steel panel heating radiator is connected similarly to aluminum and bimetallic radiators. A steel radiator with a bottom connection has two outlets at the bottom - supply and return, which must not be confused.

Schemes for side connection of radiators

There are three main schemes for connecting pipes to a radiator:

1. Diagonal connection- the most preferred option for maximum heat transfer. In this scheme, the supply pipeline must be connected to the upper branch pipe of one side, and the outlet pipe - to the lower branch pipe of the other side of the radiator. In this case thermal power at the radiator - the maximum. With the reverse connection - the supply pipeline is from below, and the return pipeline is from above, the heat transfer of the radiator will decrease by 10%.

This scheme is preferred for long radiators and radiators with more than 12 sections. Best Option from an aesthetic point of view, there will be the option of laying suitable pipelines in the wall (in a strobe, or behind a false wall).

2. Lateral one-way connection- the most common case in apartments. In this embodiment, the supply pipe is connected to the upper branch pipe, and the return pipe is connected to the lower one, on the same side of the radiator. Wherein maximum power less than in the case of a diagonal connection by 2%. By reconnecting the suitable and return piping, the power is reduced by another 7%.

3. Bottom connection. This option for connecting a radiator is most often used when laying main pipelines in the floor or along the wall, when it is not possible to hide the pipes in a strobe.

The maximum heat transfer of the radiator is 7% less than with a diagonal connection.

Connection of steel panel radiator with bottom connection

Steel radiators with a bottom connection should be attributed to a one-way connection scheme, because. all wiring (upper and lower branch pipe) is made inside it.

It must also be remembered that when piping a steel radiator with a bottom connection, the flow and return cannot be interchanged. The return pipe is always the first from the near corner (see figure).

All steel radiators with a bottom connection are universal, that is, they can be connected through the bottom pipes or the second option, plug the bottom pipes with plugs and unscrew the top built-in thermostatic valve. Connect the supply pipeline to the place of the valve, and connect the return pipeline to one of the lower side pipes.

How to connect a steel heating radiator

A steel heating radiator with side connection is mounted in the same way as any sectional radiator. In most cases, it has an outlet with a 1/2 inch internal thread, into which they screw: a plug, a Mayevsky tap and control valves.

Steel radiators with a bottom connection are in most cases tied with copper, metal-plastic pipes or cross-linked polyethylene. To connect pipes to the radiator, as well as to cut off the radiator from the system, lower connection nodes (angled or straight) are used.

The nut is turned 3/4 external thread radiator, the pipe to the lower connection unit is connected through the euro cone 3/4.

Some steel radiators have inlet fittings internal thread 1/2 inch, to connect such a radiator to the lower connection unit, you must use special nipples 1/2 x 3/4 for the Eurocone.

In addition, such radiators can also be connected using conventional thermostatic valves.

If we talk about what comfort in the house primarily depends on, then one of the primary factors will be warm. It is it that “breathes life” into any building, regardless of whether it is a luxurious house with several floors or small apartment in a buiding old building. What provides warmth? Naturally well-designed heating system. Moreover, in modern conditions, it should be not only effective, but also economical, and it is not at all easy to achieve such a balance. Although, in principle, nothing is impossible, therefore, on the pages of our website, we consistently tell how to create excellent heating in a home. This time our topic is: wiring diagrams for heating radiators. This is one of the most important points in the device heating system, which can be implemented in several ways.

What types of heating systems are there?

In order to understand how to connect a heating radiator, you need to be clearly aware of which system it will be integrated into. Even if all the work will be carried out by craftsmen from a specialized company, the owner of the house still needs to know what heating scheme will be implemented in his home.

Single pipe heating

It is based on the supply of water to radiators installed in a multi-storey building (usually in high-rise buildings). Such a connection of a heating radiator is the simplest.

However, with the availability of installation, such a scheme has one serious drawback - it is impossible to regulate the heat supply. None special devices such a system does not. Therefore, heat transfer corresponds to the design norm laid down by the project.

Visual diagrams for connecting radiators for different heating systems: one-pipe and two-pipe

Two-pipe heating

Considering the options for connecting heating radiators, it is naturally worth paying attention to a two-pipe heating system. Its operation is based on the supply of hot coolant through one pipe, and the removal of chilled water in the opposite direction through the second pipe. Here parallel connection of heating devices is realized. The advantage of this connection is the uniform heating of all batteries. In addition, the intensity of heat transfer can be adjusted by a valve that is mounted in front of the radiator.

Important! Proper connection of heating radiators implies compliance with the requirements of the main normative document- SNiP 3.05.01-85.

Choosing a radiator installation location: what is the importance?

Regardless of whether the heating radiators are connected in series or parallel, the functional purpose of these devices is not only space heating. By means of batteries, a certain protection (screen) is created from the penetration of cold from the outside. This explains the location of the batteries under the window sills. With such a distribution of radiators in places of greatest heat loss, that is, in the area of window openings, an effective thermal curtain is created.

There simply cannot be a battery in this place. With its help, cold air from the street creates a barrier

Before considering how to connect heating radiators, it is necessary to draw up a diagram of the location of these devices. At the same time, it is important to determine the correct mounting distances of the radiators, which will ensure their maximum heat transfer. So, heating batteries are absolutely correctly located if:

lowered from the bottom of the window sill by 100 mm;
from the floor are at a distance of 120 mm;
separated from the wall at a distance of 20 mm.

Coolant circulation methods

As you know, water, and usually it is poured into the heating system, can circulate by force or naturally. The first option involves the use of a special water pump that pushes water through the system. Naturally, this element is included in the overall heating circuit. And it is installed in most cases either near the heating boiler, or is already its structural element.

The system with natural circulation is very relevant in places where there are frequent power outages. The circuit does not provide for a pump, and the heating boiler itself is non-volatile. Water moves through the system due to the fact that a cold coolant is displaced by a heated column of water. How the connection of radiators will be implemented under such circumstances depends on many factors, including the need to take into account the peculiarities of the passage of the heating main and its length.

Any of the four connection methods can be implemented if there is a circulation pump in the heating system

So, let's look at these options in more detail.

Method number 1 - one-way connection

Such a battery connection involves the installation of a supply pipe (supply) and a discharge (return) pipe to the same section of the radiator:

Thus, uniform heating of all sections of each individual battery is ensured. One-way heating system is rational decision v one-story houses if it is planned to install radiators with a large number of sections (about 15). However, if the accordion has more sections, then there will be significant heat loss, which means it is worth considering another connection option.

Method number 2 - bottom and saddle connection

Actual in those systems where the heating pipeline is hidden under the floor. In this case, both the coolant inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are mounted to the lower branch pipes of the opposite sections. In such a connection of batteries, the "weak" point is low efficiency, since in percentage terms, heat loss can reach 15%. Logically, the radiators heat up unevenly in the upper part.

Method number 3 - cross (diagonal) connection

This option is designed to connect batteries with a large number of sections to the heating system. Thanks to a special design, the coolant is evenly distributed inside the radiator, which ensures maximum heat transfer.

The direction of movement of the coolant when cross-connected (1-Mayevsky tap; 2-plug; 3-heating radiator; 4-directed movement of the coolant)

The answer to the question of how to properly connect the heating battery in such a situation is extremely simple: the supply is from above, the return is from below, but from different sides. With a diagonal connection of radiators, heat loss does not exceed 2%.

We tried to cover the topic of possible connection schemes heating radiators as detailed as possible. We hope you will be able to evaluate all the pros and cons of each of the described options, and choose the most relevant in your particular case.

Ways to connect heating radiators - possible schemes and options

The most common schemes for connecting heating radiators are proposed in this article. You will learn what determines the correct connection of heating radiators and how to perform it correctly.

Connection of heating radiators piping diagrams installation of batteries

Any heating system is a rather complex “organism”, in which each of the “organs” performs a strictly assigned role. And one of the most important elements are heat exchange devices - it is they who are entrusted with the ultimate task of transferring thermal energy or to the premises of the house. In this capacity, familiar radiators, convectors of open or hidden installation, gaining popularity of water floor heating systems - pipe circuits, laid in accordance with certain rules, can act.

Connection of heating radiators piping diagrams installation of batteries

This article will focus on heating radiators. We will not be distracted by their diversity, device and technical characteristics: on our portal on these topics there is enough comprehensive information. Now we are interested in another block of questions: connecting heating radiators, wiring diagrams, installing batteries. Proper installation of heat exchange devices, rational use of the technical capabilities inherent in them is the key to the efficiency of the entire heating system. Even from the most expensive modern radiator there will be a low return if you do not listen to the recommendations for its installation.

What should be considered when choosing radiator piping schemes?

How does a heating radiator

If you take a simplified look at most heating radiators, then their hydraulic design is a fairly simple, understandable scheme. These are two horizontal collectors, which are interconnected by vertical jumper channels through which the coolant moves. This entire system is either made of metal, which provides the necessary high heat transfer (a vivid example is cast iron batteries), or “dressed” in a special casing, the design of which assumes the maximum area of contact with air (for example, bimetallic radiators).

Very simplified - the layout of most heating radiators

1 - Upper manifold;

2 - Lower collector;

3 - Vertical channels in the radiator sections;

4 - Heat exchanger case (casing) of the radiator.

Both collectors, upper and lower, have outlets on both sides (respectively, in the diagram, the upper pair B1-B2, and the lower B3-B4). It is clear that when a radiator is connected to the pipes of the heating circuit, only two out of four outlets are connected, and the remaining two are muffled. And now, the efficiency of the installed battery largely depends on the connection scheme, that is, on the relative position of the coolant supply pipe and the outlet to the "return".

And first of all, when planning the installation of radiators, the owner must figure out exactly what kind of heating system is functioning or will be created in his house or apartment. That is, he must clearly understand where the coolant comes from and in which direction its flow is directed.

Single pipe heating system

In multi-storey buildings, a single-pipe system is most often used. In this scheme, each radiator is, as it were, inserted into the “gap” of a single pipe, through which both the coolant is supplied and its removal to the “return” side.

Variants of single-pipe heating risers in a multi-storey building.

The coolant passes successively all the radiators installed in the riser, gradually wasting heat. It is clear that in the initial section of the riser, its temperature will always be higher - this must also be taken into account when planning the installation of radiators.

There is another important point here. Such a one-pipe system apartment building can be organized according to the principle of top and bottom feed lyre.

On the left (item 1) the upper supply is shown - the coolant is transferred through a straight pipe to the upper point of the riser, and then sequentially passes through all the radiators on the floors. This means that the flow direction is from top to bottom.
In order to simplify the system and save consumables, another scheme is often organized - with a bottom feed (pos. 2). In this case, radiators are installed in the same series on the pipe ascending to the upper floor, as well as on the pipe descending. This means that the direction of the coolant flow in these "branches" of one loop is reversed. Obviously, the temperature difference in the first and last radiator of such a circuit will be even more noticeable.

It is important to deal with this issue - on which pipe of such a single-pipe system your radiator is installed - the optimal tie-in scheme depends on the flow direction.

A prerequisite for piping a radiator in a single-pipe riser is a bypass

The name “bypass”, which is not entirely clear to some, refers to a jumper that connects the pipes connecting the radiator to the riser in a single-pipe system. What is it needed for bypass in the heating system, what rules are followed when installing it - read in a special publication of our portal.

The single-pipe system is also widely used in private one-story houses, if only for reasons of saving materials for its installation. In this case, it is easier for the owner to figure out the direction of the coolant flow, that is, from which side he will be supplied to the radiator, and from which side he will exit.

In any one-pipe heating system, when installing radiators, it is important to know exactly the direction of the coolant flow

Advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe heating system

Attracting with the simplicity of its device, such a system is still somewhat alarming due to the difficulty of ensuring uniform heating on different radiators of house wiring. What is important to know about single-pipe heating system of a private house how to mount it with your own hands - read in a separate publication of our portal.

Two-pipe system

Already on the basis of the name, it becomes clear that each of the radiators in such a scheme "relies" on two pipes - separately for supply and return.

If you look at the two-pipe wiring diagram in a multi-storey building, you can immediately see the differences.

Both risers act as a kind of collectors, to which heating radiators are connected in parallel, independently of each other

It is clear that the dependence of the heating temperature on the location of the radiator in the heating system is minimized. The direction of the flow is determined only by the relative position of the branch pipes cut into the risers. The only thing you need to know is which particular riser acts as a supply, and which one is the “return” - but this, as a rule, is easily determined even by the temperature of the pipe.

Some apartment residents may be misled by the presence of two risers, in which the system will not cease to be one-pipe. Look at the illustration below:

There are two risers in both cases, and the heating systems are fundamentally different

On the left, although there seem to be two risers, a single-pipe system is shown. Just one pipe is the upper supply of coolant. But on the right - a typical case of two different risers - supply and return.

The dependence of the efficiency of the radiator on the scheme of its insertion into the system

Why was it all said. what is placed in the previous sections of the article? But the fact is that the heat transfer of the heating radiator very seriously depends on the relative position of the supply and return pipes.

Connecting heating radiators piping circuits installation of batteries - consider in order

Connecting heating radiators to a piping circuit, installing batteries, is a block of questions that often arises with a homeowner. Let's try to deal with them in order.

Connection diagrams for heating radiators in a private house - installation rules and regulations

In order for the autonomous type heating system to work as efficiently and efficiently as possible, it is important not only to choose the right heating devices included in its design, but also to connect them accordingly, using the optimal schemes for connecting heating radiators in a private house.

The comfort of living in the house directly depends on how competently and professionally this will be done, so it is best to entrust the calculations and installation of the system to specialists. But, if necessary, you can perform the installation work yourself, paying attention to the following points:

Correct wiring installation.
The sequence of connection of all elements of the system, including pipelines, locking and control valves, boiler and pumping equipment.
Selection of optimal heating equipment and components.

Choice of connection point and installation norm

Before you connect a heating radiator in a private house, you must familiarize yourself with the following installation and placement standards for these devices:

The distance from the bottom of the battery to the floor is 10-12 cm.
The gap from the top of the radiator to the window sill is at least 8-10 cm.
The distance from the rear panel of the device to the wall is at least 2 cm.

Important: Failure to comply with the above standards can lead to a decrease in the level of heat transfer from heaters and incorrect operation of the entire heating system.

Installing heating radiators in a private house in a niche or using a screen affects heat loss

Another important point, which is worth considering before installing heating radiators in a private house: their location in the premises. It is considered optimal when installed under windows. In this case, they create additional protection from the cold entering the house through window openings.

Please note that in rooms with several windows, it is better to install radiators under each of them, connecting them in series. In the corner rooms, it is also necessary to install several sources of heating.

The radiators connected to the system must have automatic or manual heat regulation. To this end, they are equipped with special temperature controllers designed to select the optimal temperature regime depending on the operating conditions of these devices.

Types of piping

Connection of heating radiators in a private house can be carried out by one-pipe or two-pipe scheme.

The first method is widely used in multi-storey houses, in which hot water is first supplied through the supply pipe to the upper floors, after which, after passing through the radiators from top to bottom, it enters the heating boiler, gradually cooling down. Most often, such a scheme contains natural circulation coolant.

The photo shows a single-pipe radiator connection diagram in an apartment with a bypass (jumper)

Low cost and material consumption.
Relative ease of installation.
System Compatibility warm floors and radiators of various types.
Possibility of installation in rooms with different layouts.
Aesthetic appearance due to the use of only one pipe.

The complexity of carrying out hydro- and heat calculations.
The inability to regulate the heat supply on a separate radiator, without affecting the rest.
High level of heat loss.
An increased pressure of the heat carrier is required.

Please note: During the operation of a single-pipe heating system, difficulties may arise with the circulation of the coolant through the pipeline. However, they can be solved by installing pumping equipment.

Installation of heating radiators in a private house with single-pipe wiring using a circulation pump

Two-pipe scheme connecting heating batteries in a private house is based on a parallel method of connecting heating devices. That is, the branch supplying the coolant is supplied to the system, in this case it is not connected with the branch through which it returns, and their connection is carried out at the end point of the system.

Possibility of using automatic temperature controllers.
Serviceability. If necessary, shortcomings and errors made during installation can be corrected without damage to the system.

Higher installation costs.
Longer installation time compared to a single-pipe type of wiring.

In the diagram, an example of a two-pipe heating distribution

Radiator connection options

To know how to properly connect a heating battery, you need to consider that in addition to the types of piping, there are several schemes for connecting batteries to the heating system. These include the following options for connecting heating radiators in a private house:

In this case, the connection of the outlet and supply pipes is made on one side of the radiator. This method of connection allows you to achieve uniform heating of each section with minimal cost for equipment and a small amount of coolant. Most often used in multi-storey buildings, with a large number of radiators.

Useful information: If the battery, connected to the heating system in a one-way scheme, has a large number of sections, the efficiency of its heat transfer will be significantly reduced due to the weak heating of its remote sections. It is better to ensure that the number of sections does not exceed 12 pieces. or use another connection method.

Diagonal (cross).

It is used when connecting to a heating system with a large number of sections. In this case, the supply pipe, as in the previous connection option, is located at the top, and the return pipe is at the bottom, but they are located on opposite sides of the radiator. Thus, heating is achieved maximum area batteries, which increases heat transfer and improves the efficiency of space heating.

This connection scheme, otherwise called "Leningrad", is used in systems with a hidden pipeline laid under the floor. In this case, the connection of the inlet and outlet pipes is made to the lower branch pipes of the sections located at opposite ends of the battery.

The disadvantage of this scheme is heat loss, reaching 12-14%, which can be compensated by the installation of air valves designed to remove air from the system and increase battery power.

Heat loss depends on the choice of the method of connecting the radiator

For quick dismantling and repair of the radiator, its outlet and inlet pipes are equipped with special taps. To adjust the power, it is equipped with a temperature control device, which is installed on the supply pipe.

What are aluminum radiators technical specifications, you can learn from a separate article. It also contains a list of popular manufacturers.

And about what is an expansion tank for heating closed type read in another article. Volume calculation, installation.

Selection Tips instantaneous water heater on the tap is here. Device, popular models.

As a rule, the installation of the heating system and the installation of heating radiators is carried out by invited specialists. However, using the listed methods for connecting heating radiators in a private house , you can install the batteries yourself, strictly following the technological sequence of this process.

If you perform these works accurately and competently, ensuring the tightness of all connections in the system, there will be no problems with it during operation, and installation costs will be minimal.

The photo shows an example of a diagonal way to install a radiator in a country house

The procedure for this will be as follows:

We dismantle the old radiator (if necessary), having previously blocked the heating line.
We mark the place of installation. The radiators are fixed on brackets that need to be attached to the walls, taking into account regulatory requirements described earlier. This must be taken into account when marking.
Attach brackets.
We collect the battery. To do this, we install adapters on the mounting holes in it (they come with the device).

Attention: Usually two adapters are left-handed and two are right-handed!

To plug unused collectors, we use Mayevsky taps and locking caps. To seal the joints, we use sanitary flax, winding it on the left thread counterclockwise, on the right - clockwise.
We fasten ball-type valves to the junctions with the pipeline.
We hang the radiator in place and connect it to the pipeline with mandatory sealing of the connections.
We make pressure testing and trial start-up of water.

Thus, before connecting a heating battery in a private house, it is necessary to determine the type of wiring in the system and its connection scheme. Installation work at the same time, it can be done independently, taking into account the established norms and technology of the process.

Connection diagrams for heating radiators in a private house: how to connect the battery correctly, options

Using rational schemes for connecting heating radiators in a private house, you can not only achieve the most efficient operation of the system, but also save on heating.

Types of strapping, or how to properly connect a heating battery

Providing a house or apartment with heat is the number one task in the cold season. Therefore, every layman strives first of all to create an efficiently operating system, which would be economically justified at the same time. And since for the most part heating systems are of the radiator type, the question of how to properly connect heating batteries is one of the most relevant.

For many, this does not mean anything, especially for those who are faced with the problem of tying the heating system for the first time. But those who have already dealt with the creation of such schemes perfectly understand what is at stake.

There are not so many classifications of types of piping and wiring of the pipe system, especially when it comes to piping radiators. Therefore, it will not be very difficult to understand this issue. Most often, it is the piping that affects the nature of the connection of battery radiators. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the classification various systems heating and determine which one is best suited for one or another connection.

Classification of heating systems

The main criterion for separating heating systems is the number of circuits. On this basis, all heating systems are divided into two groups:

Single-pipe.
Two-pipe.

The first option is the simplest and cheapest. This is, in fact, a ring from the boiler to the boiler, where heating radiators are installed in between. If it comes to a one-story building, then this is a justified option in which you can use the natural circulation of the coolant. But in order for the temperature to be uniform in all rooms of the house, some measures must be taken. For example, to build up sections on the extreme radiators in the circuit.

The best option for such a pipe scheme is to connect the battery using the Leningradka method. In fact, it turns out that an ordinary pipe runs through all the rooms near the floor, and radiator batteries crash into it. In this case, the so-called bottom tie-in is used. That is, the radiator is connected to the pipe through two lower pipes - it enters one coolant and exits the other.

Attention! Heat loss with this type of battery connection is 12-13%. This is the most high level heat losses. So before making such a decision, weigh the pros and cons. Initial savings can turn into big costs during operation.

In general, this is a good connection scheme that justifies itself in small buildings. And in order to evenly distribute the coolant over all radiators, you can install circulation pump. The investment is inexpensive, and the device works perfectly and requires little power consumption. But the uniform distribution of heat in all rooms is ensured.

By the way, a single-pipe piping scheme is very often used in city apartments. True, the lower battery connection can no longer be used here. The same should be said about the two-pipe system.

Other types of connection

There are more profitable options than the bottom connection, which reduce heat loss:

Diagonal. All experts have long come to the conclusion that this type of connection is ideal, regardless of which piping scheme it is used in. The only system where this type cannot be used is the horizontal bottom single pipe system. That is the same Leningrad. What is the meaning of diagonal connection? The coolant moves inside the radiator diagonally - from the top pipe to the bottom. It turns out that hot water is evenly distributed throughout the entire internal volume of the device, falling from top to bottom, that is, in a natural way. And since the speed of water movement is not very high during natural circulation, the heat transfer will be high. Heat loss in this case is only 2%.
Lateral, or one-sided. This type is often used in apartment buildings. Connection is made to the side branch pipes on one side. Experts believe that this type is one of the most effective, but only if the coolant circulation under pressure is installed in the system. In urban apartments, this is not a problem. And to ensure it in a private house, you will have to install a circulation pump.

What is the advantage of one species over others? In fact, the correct connection is the key to efficient heat transfer and reduced heat loss. But in order to properly connect the battery, you need to prioritize.

Take, for example, a two-story private house. What to prefer in this case? Here are some options:

Two and one pipe systems

Install a one-pipe system with side connection.
Carry out the installation of a two-pipe system with a diagonal connection.
Use a single-pipe scheme with bottom wiring on the ground floor and with top wiring on the second.

So you can always find options for connection schemes. Of course, you will have to take into account some nuances, for example, the location of the premises, the presence of a basement or attic. But in any case, it is important to correctly distribute the radiators among the rooms, taking into account the number of their sections. That is, the power of the heating system will have to be taken into account even with such a question as the correct connection of radiators.

In a one-story private house, it will not be very difficult to connect the battery correctly, given the length of the heating circuit. If this is a Leningrad one-pipe scheme, then only a lower connection is possible. If the two-pipe scheme, then you can use a collector system or solar. Both options are based on the principle of connecting one radiator to two circuits - coolant supply and return. In this case, the upper piping is most often used, where the distribution along the contours is carried out in the attic.

By the way, this option is considered optimal both in terms of operation and during the repair process. Each circuit can be disconnected from the system without turning off the latter. To do this, a shut-off valve is installed at the point of pipe separation. Exactly the same is mounted after the radiator on the return pipe. One has only to close both valves to cut off the circuit. After draining the coolant, you can safely do repairs. In this case, all other circuits will work normally.

Many people think that the option of connecting a radiator is not so important when it comes to heat dissipation. After all, much will depend on the type of heat source chosen. For example, at bimetallic radiators heating heat transfer is higher than that of cast iron. But imagine that cast-iron appliances are installed according to the diagonal principle of coolant movement, and bimetallic ones along the bottom. In the first case, heat loss is 2%, and in the second - 12%. The difference in losses is as much as 10%. That's enough for the heating system high rate, which will affect not only the temperature regime inside the premises, but also the amount of fuel consumed. For private houses, this is very important.

Today, experts give recommendations regarding increasing the heat transfer of devices. To do this, you can install a reflective panel on the wall behind the radiator, for example, a regular piece of fiberboard trimmed with aluminum foil. But keep in mind that the distance from the wall to the radiator in this case should be at least 1.5 cm.

Conclusion on the topic

What is the conclusion? The correct connection of heating radiators is important criterion efficient operation of the entire system. Not only the temperature inside the rooms, but also the fuel consumption will depend on this. And saving today has become the main indicator on which the well-being of every resident of apartments and private houses depends.

How to connect a heating battery correctly - professional advice

The question of how to properly connect a heating battery is one of the most relevant today. Not everyone understands that the connection scheme affects the comfort of living due to the correct distribution of heat throughout the rooms. And this, in turn, determines the economy.

Correct wiring installation.
The sequence of connection of all elements of the system, including pipelines, locking and control valves, boiler and pumping equipment.
Selection of optimal heating equipment and components.

Before you connect a heating radiator in a private house, you must familiarize yourself with the following installation and placement standards for these devices:

The distance from the bottom of the battery to the floor is 10-12 cm.
The gap from the top of the radiator to the window sill is at least 8-10 cm.
The distance from the rear panel of the device to the wall is at least 2 cm.

Important: Failure to comply with the above standards can lead to a decrease in the level of heat transfer from heaters and incorrect operation of the entire heating system.

Another important point to consider before installing heating radiators in a private house is their location in the premises. It is considered optimal when installed under windows. In this case, they create additional protection from the cold entering the house through window openings.

The radiators connected to the system must have automatic or manual heat regulation. To this end, they are equipped with special ones designed to select the optimal temperature regime depending on the operating conditions of these devices.

Types of piping

Connection of heating radiators in a private house can be carried out by one-pipe or two-pipe scheme.

The first method is widely used in multi-storey houses, in which hot water is first supplied through the supply pipe to the upper floors, after which, after passing through the radiators from top to bottom, it enters the heating boiler, gradually cooling down. Most often in such a scheme there is a natural circulation of the coolant.

The photo shows a single-pipe connection diagram with a bypass (jumper)

Its main advantages:

Low cost and material consumption.
Relative ease of installation.
Compatible with various types of underfloor heating systems and radiators.
Possibility of installation in rooms with different layouts.
Aesthetic appearance due to the use of only one pipe.

Minuses:

The complexity of carrying out hydro- and heat calculations.
The inability to regulate the heat supply on a separate radiator, without affecting the rest.
High level of heat loss.
An increased pressure of the heat carrier is required.

Please note: During the operation of a single-pipe heating system, difficulties may arise with the circulation of the coolant through the pipeline. However, they can be solved by installing pumping equipment.

Advantages:

Possibility of using automatic temperature controllers.
Serviceability. If necessary, shortcomings and errors made during installation can be corrected without damage to the system.

Flaws:

Higher installation costs.
Longer installation time compared to a single-pipe type of wiring.

Radiator connection options

Lateral (unilateral).

In this case, the connection of the outlet and supply pipes is made on one side of the radiator. This method of connection allows to achieve uniform heating of each section at minimal cost for equipment and a small amount of coolant. Most often used in multi-storey buildings, with a large number of radiators.

Useful information: If the battery, connected to the heating system in a one-way scheme, has a large number of sections, the efficiency of its heat transfer will be significantly reduced due to the weak heating of its remote sections. It is better to ensure that the number of sections does not exceed 12 pieces. or use another connection method.

Diagonal (cross).

It is used when connecting to a heating system with a large number of sections. In this case, the supply pipe, as in the previous connection option, is located at the top, and the return pipe is at the bottom, but they are located on opposite sides of the radiator. Thus, heating of the maximum battery area is achieved, which increases heat transfer and improves the efficiency of space heating.

Lower.

The disadvantage of this scheme is heat loss, reaching 12-14%, which can be compensated by the installation of air valves designed to remove air from the system and increase battery power.

What they have, you can find out from a separate article. It also contains a list of popular manufacturers.

And about what it is, read in another article. Volume calculation, installation.

Tips for choosing an instantaneous water heater for a faucet. Device, popular models.

Installation

The photo shows an example of a diagonal installation method.

The procedure for this will be as follows:

We dismantle the old radiator (if necessary), having previously blocked the heating line.
We mark the place of installation. The radiators are fixed on brackets that need to be attached to the walls, taking into account the regulatory requirements described earlier. This must be taken into account when marking.
Attach brackets.
We collect the battery. To do this, we install adapters on the mounting holes in it (they come with the device).

Attention: Usually two adapters are left-handed and two are right-handed!

We also use locking caps to plug unused collectors. To seal the joints, we use sanitary flax, winding it on the left thread counterclockwise, on the right - clockwise.
We fasten ball-type valves to the junctions with the pipeline.
We hang the radiator in place and connect it to the pipeline with mandatory sealing of the connections.
We make pressure testing and trial start-up of water.

Thus, before connecting a heating battery in a private house, it is necessary to determine the type of wiring in the system and its connection scheme. At the same time, installation work can be performed independently, taking into account the established standards and process technology.

How the installation of heating batteries in a private house is carried out, the video will show you clearly.

Heating batteries can be connected according to one of three schemes. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account that each has its pros and cons. The piping layout is the basis for the choice. Diagonal is not used in city apartments, as they usually have a side connection. However, some home craftsmen and specialists, when choosing effective system prefer the diagonal version.

Features of the diagonal connection scheme

If you also wondered why a diagonal connection is the most effective, then you should consider this option in more detail. If we take into account the process where hot air or water is involved, then the action will take place according to one physical law, which involves the rise of warm masses up, while cold ones fall down.

To ensure uniform distribution of heat throughout the volume of the radiator, the coolant should be distributed over the battery. As mentioned above, lateral connection in city apartments acts as the main scheme. After all, forced circulation under high pressure is used there. The diameter of the outgoing and outgoing pipes is only 20 mm. Through them, water enters the battery under high pressure, which allows you to fill the device evenly and quickly.

If we are talking about private housing construction, where the circulation is natural, the radiators are filled under the influence of the aforementioned physical law. That is why hot streams penetrate through the upper nozzle, pushing cold water through the bottom exit on the opposite side. Two nozzles are located diagonally if we consider the device. Hence the name of the connection. The coolant fills the battery gradually, giving off heat to the entire volume. It is necessary to take into account not only the law of heat transfer, but also the physical law. That is why this scheme is the most effective.

Features of the implementation of the diagonal scheme

You can implement a diagonal connection of a heating radiator yourself. Work should begin with the preparation of the battery. To do this, you need to take care of the availability:

the heating devices themselves;
stop valves;
pipes;
fittings;
other additional devices such as heat meters, Mayevsky crane and thermal head.

At the first stage of work, a radiator is installed. In this case, the rules must be taken into account. This is due to the fact that the efficiency of heat transfer will depend on them. When a diagonal connection of a heating radiator is used, part of the window opening must coincide with the axis of the radiator. It is necessary to keep a distance of 15 cm to the upper collector from the window sill. As for the step from the floor to the bottom of the collector, it should be the same. From the wall to the battery, it is necessary to set a distance of 5 cm. Errors may occur. If we are talking about the distance to the window sill or the floor, then the error can reach 4 cm, while the step between the battery and the wall can be increased or decreased by 1 cm.

If you decide to use a diagonal connection of a heating radiator, then you must take into account some assumptions that will affect the intensity of heat transfer. For example, if there is no window sill in the room, then this figure can be increased by a maximum of 20%. Bringing the battery closer to the floor will reduce heat transfer by 7%. To increase the efficiency of heat transfer, professionals recommend supplementing the radiator with a reflective screen that is installed on the wall. For this, you can use a sheet of fiberboard or cardboard, each of which is covered with foil. In this case, heat transfer can be increased by 25%.

If you want to achieve correct operation radiator, then you should approach the conduct and installation with the utmost attention. It is important to properly align the device horizontally. You can get rid of distortions using a level. At this stage, it will be important to apply the markup. Once the markup can be applied, you can install the brackets.

As fasteners, a self-tapping screw is used, mounted on plastic dowels. On sale today you can find brackets that have the shape of pins. They are screwed into a dowel of impressive diameter. Now everything is ready to install the radiator and connect it to the piping system.

Complete set of a radiator for a diagonal scheme

The diagonal scheme for connecting heating radiators necessarily involves a complete set of batteries. To do this, it is supplemented with which you can bleed air. You need to take care of the presence of metal couplings, which are also known as American women. They are installed in the pipe, for this you need to use threaded metal couplings. Valves are strengthened to the latter, there should be one such element for each branch pipe. This will cut off the battery from the heating network if you are faced with the need for repairs. The system itself will work normally.

Learn more about diagonal wiring

The diagonal scheme for connecting heating radiators in city apartments is used quite rarely. However, according to experts, this technique can be used if the number of sections in one battery exceeds 12 pieces. With a lower side connection, as well as with water circulation under pressure, the pressure will not be able to overpower such a number of sections. The extreme ones will remain a little warm, and there will be no sense from them.

This scheme is used in a two-pipe wiring system. The falling circuit must be connected to the upper branch pipe, while the return circuit must be connected to the lower one. If the circulation is forced, then the connection can be carried out in reverse, however, in this case, you will encounter a decrease in efficiency.

For reference

When using a diagonal connection of heating radiators in a private house, heat loss through batteries account for 2%. Therefore, in the implementation of heat engineering calculations in this case, a coefficient is taken, which is 1.1.

The main types of connection

There is also a one-way connection, in which the supply pipe hot water and the return pipe will be connected to one side of the radiator. Application this principle is rational for one-story buildings. The circuit is suitable if you want to connect a long radiator with up to 15 sections. But if given parameter is increased, the heating efficiency will decrease, because the last sections will be colder.

Considering the main options for connecting heating radiators, you should also pay attention to the lower connection, which is suitable for those systems whose pipes pass under the floor surface. In this case, above the surface there will be a small piece of pipe leading to the lower branch pipe. The inlet pipe is installed on one side of the battery, while the outlet pipe is on the other. minus this method there is a significant heat loss, which reaches 15%. At the top, the battery may not warm up completely.

Important to remember

A single-pipe diagonal connection of heating radiators is used quite rarely, because such a scheme has a significant drawback, expressed in the inability to adjust the heat supply. Thus, the user will not be able to adjust the degree of heating of the radiators, in some cases this feature is a significant disadvantage. However, heat transfer is calculated even when creating a heating project, and in the future it must correspond to the specified parameters.

The main advantages of a diagonal connection

The diagonal method is good in that it can be used to provide the highest heat transfer coefficient. This is true if compared with the rest of the above schemes. In other words, in the case of a diagonal connection, it is possible to provide the room with the maximum amount of heat. The diagonal connection of heating radiators in the apartment should ensure the movement of the coolant inside the battery with the formation of a gradient circuit.

The effectiveness of this scheme may be reduced, which will happen when in large numbers sections. But even in this case, their limit can be 24, while with a side scheme this parameter is only 12. This feature can be considered an important advantage, because you can use longer radiators. With lateral connection, an increase in the number of sections will be accompanied by less effective work elements located on the sides.

Main disadvantages

The diagonal connection of heating radiators, the pros and cons of which are described in the article, can also be used by you. An important drawback of this scheme is not a very attractive design. After all, one cannot argue with the fact that the additional pipe does not look very aesthetically pleasing. It connects the return pipe and the upper radiator pipe, the first of which runs from below. It can also be considered a minus that not all city apartments have the opportunity to provide this type of connection. Indeed, during the construction of Soviet high-rise buildings, they strived for a minimum consumption of materials, and often did not install a separate bypass.

Conclusion

Diagonal connection of a heating radiator with a single-pipe system, although undesirable, is still possible. But at the same time, you must take into account that in order to increase the level of heat transfer, it is important to take into account the multiplying factor, which sometimes reaches 1.2. Thus, nameplate heat transfer must be increased by 20%.

One of the most important factors comfort in the house, especially in winter, is warm. Only competently can provide it arranged system heating, both efficient and economical. Only the right approach to choosing the optimal heating system scheme for a particular room and the correct connection of batteries will help to achieve such a balance. Otherwise, the efficiency of radiators will be only 50-70% of the maximum possible power. Let's try to analyze all the options for connecting heating radiators and the method of their installation.

The type of connection depends on the heating system used (natural or forced circulation, two-pipe or) and on the construction of the building.

There are the following types of connection:

Each of them, moreover, can be implemented with or without a bypass.

Lateral (one-sided) connection

Such a scheme involves connecting the outlet and inlet pipes on the same side of the heater. The coolant, as a rule, enters the upper branch pipe and is discharged using the lower one. The scheme is distinguished by rather small heat losses (no more than 5%) and ensures uniform heating of each section of the radiator. According to statistics, lateral connection of heating radiators is the most common option in multi-storey buildings connected to a central heating system.

The popularity is easily explained by the convenience and low cost of installation with decent heat dissipation of the batteries. Such a scheme is most effective in, as well as when using radiators with at least 10 and no more than 15 sections. An increase in the number of sections will drastically reduce the efficiency of the battery, since the coolant will not be able to effectively heat the sections that are farthest from the pipes.

Diagonal (cross) connection

In a cross circuit, the inlet pipe is connected on top of the heater, and the outlet is connected from below, moreover, on the opposite side. Such a scheme is the answer to the question of those who are interested in which connection of heating radiators is better in terms of heat transfer, since the coolant is distributed evenly over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe battery. Diagonal connection is considered the most effective, and radiator manufacturers in the product passport tie the rated power of the device to the diagonal system.

It allows you to reduce heat loss by up to 2%. Diagonal connection is especially in demand with 10-12 or more sections in heating appliances. The scheme also has a number of disadvantages:

not too aesthetic appearance;
excess pipe consumption;
inconvenient and lengthy installation.

Despite the obvious advantages, due to the last two disadvantages, construction companies practically do not use such a heating connection in their apartment complexes.

Bottom connection: saddle and vertical

In the post-Soviet space, the lower scheme is often referred to as "Leningrad". The saddle version of the lower connection implies the installation of an inlet pipe on one side of the lower part of the device, and an outlet pipe on the other side of the lower part. Overall, this is the least effective method connections among all, since the upper part of the radiator warms up noticeably worse, and heat losses reach 15%. However, this is only true for multi-storey buildings with a large total length of pipes and a huge number of radiators.

Saddle connection of heating batteries in a private house with an autonomous pumping system reduces heat loss to acceptable levels. The main field of application of the saddle system is one-story houses, pipes of which are laid inside the floor. An indisputable plus of the scheme is the aesthetics of the heater due to almost imperceptible pipes.

The second subspecies of the lower connection is a vertical circuit. It is rarely used and only for those types of radiators that have a bottom connection. Branch pipes in such batteries are located next to each other in one of the lower corners of the device. For connection, a special locking and connecting unit is used. The advantages of the vertical scheme are considered appearance(even more inconspicuous than in the saddle scheme, pipes) and saving pipes. The disadvantages are uneven heating and the resulting low efficiency.

In general, both methods of connecting heating batteries are the least effective of all.

Bypass connection

In the case when a serial connection of heating radiators (single-pipe) is used, in order to be able to regulate the temperature in each of the rooms, a special jumper is installed - a bypass. The bypass is located between the inlet and outlet pipes of the radiator and allows the coolant to move even if the valves on the devices are closed. For a better distribution of the water flow between the bypass and the radiator, the bypass is made from a pipe of a smaller diameter than the main pipes. Tying a radiator in such a system involves the installation of two valves - on the inlet and outlet pipes.

A much less popular version of the scheme is the installation of only one three-way valve at the junction of the bypass with the riser.

Installation of radiators

Before purchasing and installing heating appliances for their home, it will be useful for the owner to learn about how the heating battery is arranged, the principle of operation of the heating battery, their classification by device (sectional, plate, tubular, panel), volume and material of manufacture (cast iron, steel , aluminum, copper, bimetallic). In general, bimetallic panel and sectional radiators are considered the most optimal, although expensive option.

Necessary equipment and materials

When the heaters are purchased and the connection scheme is selected, you can proceed with the installation. Whatever the devices, the correct connection of a heating radiator is impossible without the following (common for all types of pipes and batteries) set of tools:

Among the materials for connection are necessary:

The need for additional tools and materials is influenced by the methods of connecting heating radiators and the material of the pipes. Before properly connecting the heating battery to metal pipe welding method, you will have to acquire a gas welding machine and, of course, the skill to work with it.

If you plan to connect to threaded connections, you will need to purchase:

To connect radiators to metal-plastic pipes, you will need:

If the owner wondered how to properly connect heating radiators to polypropylene pipes, he will need to get:

Installation order

So, the owner of the apartment bought the tools, Consumables and the heating radiator itself how to connect it to the heating system?

The installation procedure is generally the same for all types of devices:

It is also necessary to remember: if the radiator is new, polyethylene film it is not recommended to remove it from it until the end of installation. This will prevent scratches and dirt during installation.