How to make a hood in the bath - design and installation of ventilation. Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath: an algorithm for creating an effective system at no extra cost What ventilation pipes are needed in the steam room

Answer the question of whether plastic ventilation bath, definitely not possible. Such systems have proven their practicality and performance in domestic and industrial environments, but the bathing environment has its own specifics, which to a certain extent limits the use of plastic. When choosing plastic products for a bath in each case, it should be approached taking into account all the influencing factors and possible consequences.

In the bath can be used plastic pipes for ventilation in the bath

Reasons for the popularity of plastic

Ventilation structures made of plastic elements have gained wide popularity in various areas of human life. This is facilitated by their attractive appearance and numerous advantages over traditional metal competitors.

Note! Parts made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane and polypropylene find the greatest application.

The following positive aspects of plastic ventilation stand out:

1. No corrosion. This advantage most often determines the choice of plastic. Any metal (even stainless steel) in ventilation systems where steam condensate occurs, aggressive effects various substances polluting the air, prone to corrosion. Plastic, on the other hand, is absolutely resistant in this regard.
2. Low cost. Plastic systems have a significantly lower price compared to metal, which provides increased resistance to corrosion.
3. Ease and quality of installation. When installing metal boxes and pipes, there are always problems in the places of knocks, requiring rolling, welding, and other operations. Cutting and joining plastic elements does not cause difficulties, and the ends are easily processed and aligned. Thus, the sealing of plastic boxes is much easier to ensure.
4. Light weight. This advantage is provided by the ease of fastening at the installation site and transportation when delivering the goods.
5. Plastic elements are resistant to water, steam, aggressive media, ultraviolet rays. They comply with all sanitary standards under normal conditions.

Device PVC pipes for ventilation

Features of the use in the bath

In order to decide whether plastic ventilation is suitable for a bath, it is necessary to note the disadvantages of such systems:

1. Low heat resistance of plastic. Already at temperatures above 80-85 degrees, the release of harmful components from a substance that poisons the human body begins. When heated, the plastic loses its strength and rigidity, which leads to deformation.
2. Low resistance to open fire. Despite the fact that PVC does not support combustion, it is easily melted, and its drops, falling on other structures, cause a fire. In general, plastic elements belong to the group of flammable materials, which requires great care when placing them near the sauna stove and chimney. Even with a small fire source, a large number of acrid smoke, very dangerous to humans.
3. Reduced resistance to cutting, abrasion, scratching. Under impact and cutting loads, plastic is easily damaged or deformed.

Given the problems outlined, it can be concluded whether plastic ventilation is suitable for a bath. The most extreme conditions are noted in the steam room. In the Russian bath, a temperature of about 60-65 degrees is maintained here with saturated water vapor. Such temperatures seem to be below acceptable, but they are close to critical values, and at the slightest excess lead to the decomposition of plastic. Thus, the use of plastic ventilation in the steam room of a Russian bath is dangerous for human health. It is absolutely unacceptable to use it in the sauna steam room, where the temperature can reach 100 degrees.

The smoke from burning plastic is very corrosive and can lead to poisoning.

In other bath rooms ( washing department, dressing room, rest room) the air temperature does not have large values, and extreme conditions are associated with high humidity, which is absolutely not dangerous for plastic. Therefore, we can conclude that ventilation in a bath made of plastic pipes is quite acceptable in all rooms, except for the steam room.

Important! Particular attention should be paid to the location of the stove and its chimney, near which the air temperature can be critical. In addition, there are fire hazards.

Particular care must be taken with the location of the plastic pipe for ventilation in the bath. It is better to place it behind a brick lining if it is near the stove.

Design features

The standard set of bath forced ventilation includes the following main elements: fan (exhaust and supply); ventilation pipes and ducts; vents with plugs; connecting and accessories. Among the important components, the following stand out:

• turns: designed to change the direction of the ventilation duct;
• adapters: necessary when connecting route elements of different sizes;
• bifurcations and tees: are installed if it is necessary to divide the incoming air flow into several rooms;
• couplings: connecting and holding elements;
• flanges and gearboxes.

The basis of forced ventilation is made up of exhaust-type fans installed on the outlet duct, or the supply type, designed to suck in fresh air from outside and form an air flow. The supply system is most often used, and the fan can be installed alone to service all rooms or several devices separately in each room. In the first case, a sufficiently powerful mechanism is mounted, usually with metal blades, and the flow distribution then goes through the plastic ventilation ducts. Small fans in a plastic case with plastic blades can be installed in each room.

Plastic fans are used in the exhaust bath

Plastic air ducts for ventilation of the bath of the type in question are an important part of the system. They distribute the incoming air flow and direct it to the desired zone.

Another option is to install an exhaust fan not in the outlet duct, but directly in the most stagnant area. In this case, it is mounted at the end of an exhaust duct, through which the polluted air is directed outside.

Plastic boxes and pipes are produced various shapes and sizes. In cross section, they can be round and rectangular, and in design - smooth and corrugated. Most often, the input powerful air flow is directed into rectangular boxes, and then distributed through round pipes.

Nuance! The corrugated design is used in places where pipe movements in different directions are needed, or for fitting elements along the length.

Types of composite connecting elements of the ventilation system

Air ducts have different sizes, which are selected depending on the required power of the system and the volume of incoming air. Round pipes for a bath have a standard diameter in the range of 56-160 mm. Among rectangular ducts, air ducts 6x12 and 6x20.5 cm in size are most common. Corrugated elements usually have a round shape, and the diameter of such a pipe ranges from 15-55 cm.

Plastic air ducts for ventilation come in round and rectangular shapes

Additional elements

In addition to these elements used in the installation of the ventilation system in the bath, plastic parts are used that perform protective and regulatory functions. These include various dampers, hatches and gratings.

Plastic grills can have different purposes. The following main varieties are distinguished:

• inertial type: for flow separation without pressurization;
• adjustable grilles: allow you to change the volume of incoming air and distribution in one direction while blocking the movement of air in the other;
• unregulated type: distribution or flow restrictions without the possibility of regulation;
• external protective grids: to prevent foreign bodies from entering the channel.

Extraction grates can be of an adjustable type

Plastic hatches can be installed in powerful, branched systems for access to the ventilation line for revision, cleaning, repair. They can be mounted on the ceiling or walls of the bath. Damper doors are designed to allow access to natural flow. They can be mounted on the natural ventilation vents in the window or door. Standard sizes are 10x10, 15x30 and 25x60 cm.

Arrangement features

Installation of plastic ventilation in the bath can be done by hand. The main stages of work: the manufacture of vents; installation of fans; installation and fixing of the input box; installation and fixing of the branching system of incoming air flows; arrangement of the outlet vent; installation of shutters and hatches.

When carrying out work, the following recommendations should be taken into account:

1. The plastic elements are connected to each other by soldering. In the presence of threaded elements, sockets, flanges, adapters, couplings are used, which makes it possible to provide a collapsible system.
2. A special sealant is used to seal the joints.
3. Cutting elements or changing their shape is done with a knife or a special hacksaw.

Wiring diagram of the fan section in the forced ventilation system

For installation work, you will need the following tools: an electric drill, a screwdriver, a grinder, a knife, a hacksaw, pliers and side cutters, a screwdriver, a paint brush, a tape measure, a metal ruler.

Before use, it is necessary to check the ventilation system in the bath

Plastic ventilation in the bath can be installed in all rooms, except for the steam room. Plastic cannot be used in it because of the risk of harmful emissions when heated. You can easily install the system with your own hands.

Many novice developers very often ask the question: Do I need ventilation in the bath? Why let cold air inside, if so much effort and materials went into its insulation? On the one hand, this is a paradox, and on the other, a necessity, and in order to understand this issue, you need to weigh all the pros and cons (if any) of installing ventilation in the steam room.

What threatens the lack of ventilation in the bath

In ancient times, when they knew absolutely nothing about ventilation, baths in Russia, like houses, were made without ventilation holes. But there is an explanation for this. Logs were used as building material. The lower crown of the logs was made free, which allowed fresh air to enter through the cracks in the log house. The temperature in the steam room was regulated by opening the front door. Here you have the simplest, but no less effective ventilation of the bath, which was used by our ancestors.

In modern construction, completely different materials are used, and the approach to the construction of buildings is somewhat different. But if, during the construction of the bath, you do not think about laying the ventilation system, then the consequences of this will not keep you waiting, namely:

• Rapid wear of materials that were used for cladding and insulation of the bath. Without proper ventilation of the bath, after several years of operation, the owner will have to change not only the lining, but also the floor, and, quite possibly, the insulation. Temperature fluctuations and moisture, which is an inevitable companion of a steam room, are a destructive force that destroys materials in 3-5 years.
• The appearance of an unpleasant odor. This will inevitably happen in an unventilated steam room, as dampness and heat are the perfect microclimate for mold and mildew to grow. It is almost impossible to get rid of the smell of mold and mustiness in such a room, since applying chemicals in the bath is strictly prohibited. This is not only harmful, but deadly.
• Poisoned air in the steam room. First of all, without proper air exchange, the level of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide can rise sharply in the steam room. Probably, there is no need to tell anyone what will happen to a person with an increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide by at least 0.1%. In addition, the high temperature of the air in the steam room, which is filled with evaporated sweat from your body. Well, in general, there can be no question of any healing effect in such an atmosphere.

The above arguments are enough to understand the axiom: ventilation in the steam room of the bath is not just necessary, but vital.

What should be the ventilation in the bath

As a rule, the ventilation of the steam room is limited to two or three ventilation openings of the required section. One supply, and the rest for the removal of "exhaust" air. It should be borne in mind that for a comfortable state of health, the air circulation in such a room should be at least 5 times. This means that the entire volume of air in the steam room must change five times in 1 hour. There are several nuances that are required for the installation of any ventilation scheme.

• You need to think about the location and size of the ventilation holes in the bath at the stage of its construction, since it will be very difficult to make holes in the finished steam room.
• The dimensions of the supply and exhaust vents must match. In some cases, the dimensions of the hood may be larger than the inflow.
• Ventilation openings must be equipped with valves. This will allow you to regulate the intensity of air circulation, and when heating the steam room, they can be completely closed to raise the temperature more quickly.
• A very important parameter is the cross section of the ventilation vents. It is important to know that their cross section depends entirely on the volume of the steam room. There should be 24 cm2 of ventilation per 1 m3 of volume.

The device of the ventilation system in the bath room

We have already talked a lot about what kind of ventilation is. For a bath, the same laws apply, and ventilation in it can be:

• Natural. With this type of ventilation, the circulation of air masses is created due to the difference in temperature and pressure between the air flow and the hood. Good air circulation can only be achieved correct installation ventilation openings: inflow at the bottom, and exhaust at the top of the room. As you know from school courses in physics, hot air rises and cold air goes down, so such a ventilation device in the bath will not be very convenient in terms of warming it up.
• Combined. This method of ventilation assumes the presence of one opening of natural ventilation and one vent, with a fan installed in it. The inflow will be mechanized or exhaust - it all depends on the scheme you have chosen.
• Mechanical. Such a ventilation system independently controls the flow of air masses and their exhaust, temperature and humidity, using automation. From the point of view of comfort, it is in the first place, but prices - in baths, such a system is practically not used due to the complexity of installation, and the high cost of equipment, design and maintenance.

Examples of ready-made ventilation schemes

There are several working ventilation schemes in the bath, which provide good air circulation, despite the fact that the steam room does not get cold.

1. The air inlet should be located at floor level, behind the stove, and the exhaust holes should be near the ceiling, but on the opposite wall from the inflow. Thanks to this arrangement, the incoming, colder air will enter the steam room and immediately be heated by the heater. After that, it rises to the ceiling, goes around it and lowers a little to exit into the exhaust vent.
2. If your stove works constantly during bathing procedures, you can use this option, where the inlet is located 30 cm from the floor, on the opposite side of the stove, and the blower and chimney will play the role of an exhaust hood.
3. If your bath has ventilated floors, then you can make an inflow behind the stove, at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor. Cold air will enter the steam room, be heated by the stove and rise up. Colder masses will sink, pass through the ventilation in the floor and be discharged outside the room.

And here are several options for the location of the inflow and exhaust using an exhaust fan.

1. The air inlet is located 30 cm from the floor - behind the stove, and the hood is located on the opposite wall 20 cm from the floor. One caveat: a fan is installed in the hood, which will create air circulation.
2. The inlet and outlet vents are located on the same wall, but only one is at the top and the other is at the bottom. The supply air, located 30 cm from the floor, is equipped with an exhaust fan of a given power.
3. The inflow is installed behind the stove, at a height of 30 cm from the floor and is equipped with a fan. An exhaust hole is made on the opposite wall 20 cm from the floor. The blown air is heated by the stove and heats the entire steam room evenly. After that, it, cooling down, goes down, where it exits through the hood.

Important!
To calculate the fan power, you need to multiply the volume of the steam room by the air circulation rate. Example: Steam room 2 m by 3 m. Its area is 6 m2. Ceiling height 2 m. Total: 6 x 2 = 12 m3. Now we multiply 12 m3 by the recommended air circulation rate of 5 and get 60 m3 / h fan performance for our steam room.

The most common mistakes in arranging ventilation in the bath

One of the most common mistakes of those who decide to do the ventilation of the bath with their own hands is the location of the inflow and exhaust vents on the same level. From such an arrangement, except for a draft, there will be no sense. If you used this arrangement of ventilation holes, then the inflow should be done behind the stove and equipped with a fan, and the exit, at the same level, but on the opposite wall.

Another mistake of novice builders is that many try to seal the bathhouse as much as possible from air entering it, make small windows and forget about arranging floor ventilation. Yes, such a steam room will be heated very quickly, but it will be impossible to take wellness treatments in it.

In fact, there are many shortcomings, and it is simply impossible to count them all, but by following certain rules, you can build a dream bath with your own hands, without additional costs for correcting mistakes.

Without good ventilation in the steam room, you won’t get real pleasure from the bath, and for people who cannot boast of good health, going to such a bath is completely dangerous. In this article, we tell you how to make ventilation in the bathhouse, and analyze the “classics without ventilation ducts”: how our ancestors ventilated the steam room and how it might look in a modern solution.

• Volley ventilation in the Russian bath
• Do I need additional ventilation holes in the Russian bath
• The device for proper ventilation in the bath with their own hands on the experience of the participants of our portal

Volley ventilation: proper ventilation in the steam room

In a classic Russian bath, two ventilation schemes were commonly used:

• volley ventilation, providing a sufficient amount of air during soaring;
• ventilation to dry the steam room after use.

Volley ventilation is carried out through open door and window. We emphasize: we are talking about a wet steam bath, not a sauna.

Building for myself FORUMHOUSE Member

I had to quarrel with the customer and insist that an opening for a window be cut in the 500 mm thick wall.

To obtain air to breathe in the steam room, a window next to the shelf and a door to the dressing room are enough. The window and the door must be opened between visits while we are resting. Then we return to the steam room, close the window and the door and steam again.

To dry the steam room, a small air is made in it (there is different variants: some make it in the far corner under the ceiling, others, on the contrary, under the shelf). After using the bath, open:

• this little breeze
• a window in a washing or dressing room.

This creates a stream of air that ventilates the room and removes moisture from it.

In the photo: the bathhouse of our user with the nickname Vasisdas.

For a FORUMHOUSE user with the nickname Nomadic, the ventilation in the bathhouse is done as follows: air inflow is under the furnace firebox, the exit is diagonally under the ceiling. Usually everyone steams with a closed hood, but sometimes it is opened, “if the steamer is not extreme”, and in this case natural ventilation works.

When you want to freshen the air in the steam room after several visits, the hood opens, a shock dose of boiling water splashes into the heater.

Nomad

All the old steam is blown out the hood window. After that, I wave the doors a little, creating an additional flow, put a new wormwood, close the window, and the steam room is as good as new, as if it had never been steamed there.

The way "from the grandfather"

There is also an interesting way of airing the bath, which came down from our ancestors, which EsKor, a member of our portal, saw in the bath “at one gray-haired grandfather”. In this bath, the only specially made means of ventilation was an outlet a meter from the floor, under the shelf. What is the meaning of such a breather? It turned out that the gray-haired grandfather “freshened” the air in the steam room in almost the same way as Nomad, only he prepared a bucket of ice water and poured it on the shelves either a moment before or immediately after the shock dose of water was charged into the heater.

EsKor

Grandfather explained that the cold water that falls on the floor from the shelf pulls the steam down to itself, and it takes the stale air with it and flies into the vent. No mysticism, physics explains this matter well.

Cold water cools the steam, condensation occurs, a decrease in pressure causes an increased flow of air above the steam layer, and the steam literally falls from the ceiling.

It is clear that this method is not suitable for dry-air baths and for steam rooms with a blank floor and no drain.

Different schemes of ventilation of the Russian bath

Let's consider how such a ventilation system works on the examples of several saunas of FORUMHOUSE participants.

Here is the bathhouse of our participant with the nickname Vasisdas.

Vasisdas

Everything ingenious is simple! Heater stove, door, window and solid wood. Learning how to use it is a matter of technology.

How the window in the steam room was made: a double-glazed window on the side of the facade of the bath, a ventilation gap in the thickness of the wall pie, on the side of the steam room there is a decorative window. This avoids unnecessary heat loss and is simply beautiful.

Our member with the nickname I build for myself a small combined steam room-washing room, 2.5 by 2.1 and 2.1 m high.

The ventilation system includes:

• the window at the shelf is 300x300mm along the frame, the opening itself is 200x200;
• air in the upper crown under the ceiling 150x150mm;
• airflow near the floor under the shelf 150x150 mm.

The upper air is always closed, it is opened only to dry the steam room after use. Also, our user sometimes opens it to create a softer mode for the wife and daughter.

While vaping, all openings are closed. The height of the window is chosen successfully, the heat from the steam room is not blown out.

During soaring, two types of ventilation are used:

• simple ventilation: you leave the steam room, open the window and leave the door ajar.
• quick ventilation through the window in the steam room and the window under the shelf.

To dry the steam room, all openings and windows are opened.

I build for myself

The air from the street through the dressing room window goes along the floor into the lower vent under the shelf (draft), partially heated by the still hot stove and rises above the shelf into the upper vent. There is a draft under the floor from the vents in the basement. In winter, I close them for soaring.

Such "old ways" of bath ventilation, without arranging ventilation ducts, our user considers justified and quite sufficient for a heat-intensive stove.

This is how ventilation is arranged in the bathhouse of our participant with the nickname Mikhalych Titov. The inflow is made through a half-brick hole in the side wall.

When viewed from the street, it looks like this.

The downward branch, into which condensate flows, is closed with a screw plug. The entrance from the sink is made under the oven.

When building a bath, a member of our portal with the nickname Chagav attached special importance to ventilation. In the rest room, he made forced ventilation (one inlet and two exhaust), and natural ventilation was made in the steam room.

If desired, air enters the steam room from the street - pipes are poured into the foundation, corrugated stainless steel passes through the stones of the stove. It opens and closes with a latch.

This may seem like an exaggeration to you, but the life of both the bath itself and its owner, not to mention its guests, depends on the bath ventilation.

In practice nothing is exaggerated: a person in a bath can die from carbon monoxide poisoning, from asphyxia due to carbon dioxide, and the baths themselves die not only because of fires, but also from rotting wood, which is always present in them.

And many problems can be avoided if you do not rush to build a bath, think through all the systems, including ventilation. In addition, ventilation has its own nuances, depending on the material from which the bath is built, and on the type of bath itself - whether it is Russian or Finnish.

Bath ventilation: what are the differences

Let us briefly consider how the ventilation of baths from different materials differs.

log bath

Ventilation in a log bath was traditionally carried out due to natural cracks between the logs and burst ventilation. Today, this can optionally be supplemented with air ducts and forced ventilation.

Frame baths

Need especially ventilation due to the complete tightness of the walls, which is sought during their construction. Sometimes it is better to prefer forced ventilation. All holes must be laid at the project level, since it will be very problematic to make ventilation in a frame bath with its heaters and membrane films after construction.

brick bath

It also needs advance planning for ventilation openings and passages - they are the hardest to make upon completion of construction. Ventilation can be either natural or forced.

Block baths

They especially need ventilation to protect the walls from destructive moisture. Therefore, you need to pay attention not only to the inflow and outflow of air, but also to the roof. For room ventilation you can't make channels in the walls, it is better to put them along the walls.

Russian sauna

It has little heat and a lot of steam. Steam must be protected from weathering, which determines the specifics of ventilation during soaring. She must have plugs closed while vaping, but ventilation must still take place between visits, for example, burst ventilation. After the procedures, ventilation should completely eliminate the increased humidity.

Finnish bath or sauna

It needs constant air exchange during procedures, because it has a lot of heat and little steam. Up to 10 times per hour in the steam room should change the air. This allows you to enjoy convection.

Sauna in the basement or on the ground floor of a residential building

If a free-standing bath has its own ventilation, then for the one in the house you need to connect it to the general ventilation system of the house. And in order to ensure an acceptable level of humidity for a residential building, you will have to do forced ventilation, install a dehumidifier, etc.

public baths

It is curious that in the steam room, when ventilating public baths, only an exhaust hood was previously provided, but not an air supply. Modern standards require a large frequency of air exchange - 8 times per hour in the wash room, 5 times an hour in the steam room. For this you need .

Ventilation in a bath from a log, chopped

To begin with, let's try to figure out whether it is needed at all, ventilation in a chopped bath, more precisely, is it possible to rely solely on natural cracks? Basically, you can. But you have to strike a balance between the fight against cracks and the need for them.. A draft is just as unacceptable as a complete seal. In addition, windows and doors are part of the traditional ventilation of the Russian bath. For example, for the flow of air at the bottom of the door to the steam room, a gap is left or blinds are made.

And yet it is difficult to maintain balance with strictly periodic repair of cracks. Therefore, it is possible from the very beginning to take care of an alternative - supply and exhaust ventilation of a natural or forced type. Then the cracks can be caulked and filled with wood sealants.

Ventilation device in a bath from a log house, logs

If traditional ventilation is taken, then the tree cannot be painted or varnished so that it breathes. No holes will be made in this case. The scheme of inflow and exhaust is as follows:

• the inflow is carried out through an ajar door, a slot or blinds at the bottom of the door to the steam room;
• the exhaust air is displaced by steam: it rises up and then descends, displacing the lower air;
• The oven is working as a hood in the Russian bath.

Advice. A prerequisite for good ventilation will be air vents made in the foundation of the bath. Enough 2 air on opposite sides. The vents will ensure the drying of the floors after the procedures, but during their adoption, the vents are closed.

Another secret is the gaps in the finished floor of the steam room (5-10 mm), thanks to which the drying of the floors is accelerated. You can also make holes in the floor for the same purpose.

Volley ventilation is the opening of windows and doors. It is used after procedures or in the interval between two visits to the steam room.

Salvo ventilation scheme

How to DIY

The description above says that the only difficulty in ventilating the walls of a log house, which was insulated only with caulk of slots, would be to maintain a balance between cold from drafts and excessive sealing.

If the simplest ventilation is laid with the help of holes, then with your own hands you only have to make holes and (if desired and necessary) carry out ventilation ducts. Holes are supplied with plugs, valves, gate valves, air ducts can be made of corrugations or pipes, mounting foam and construction tape are used for sealing. Each room should have an exhaust hood, while the inflow can be done only in one or two places for the stove.

Ventilation in a frame bath

A frame bath is, roughly speaking, wooden frames with installed heater. Therefore, it is not necessary to rely on wall natural ventilation. You will have to make holes for the supply and exhaust. And for frame usually advise forced. It can be replaced by a longer exhaust pipe leading to the roof. But anyway, frame bath needed enhanced ventilation.

Useful video

See how the ventilation system is implemented in one frame bath:

In the steam room or in the wash room?

Ventilation must be done in both rooms - high humidity is everywhere, but there can be only one inlet, and it will lead to the stove, which is wholly or mostly located in the steam room. The inflow can be organized using a pipe drawn under the floor and brought out at the bottom of the furnace.

Exhaust scheme with one inflow to the whole bath (explanation)

Exhaust openings equipped with high-temperature fans are installed in both the washing room and the steam room. It is considered optimal if two holes are made in the steam room on one exhaust pipe - one is higher (20 cm from the ceiling), the other is lower. Both with shutters. While vaping, you can open the lower one so that hot air leaves only after cooling, and after procedures - both.

In the washing hood, it is worth putting it next to the shower room, and the inflow will be natural, due to the reduced pressure in the washing room. Thus, the difference between the ventilation of the steam room and the washing room is that the steam room receives fresh air through the duct, the stove heats it up, and cold air does not enter the washing room, only after heating the room.

Ventilation in a brick bath

V brick bath also do not rely on wall ventilation. Therefore, ventilation holes and channels become mandatory, and the system itself must be forced, which is more important for drying.

The first holes are laid even when the foundation is poured - these are air ducts. They are made from pipe cuts, which are fixed in the reinforcement and then remain in the concrete. If there are air vents, then the floor must be ventilated, otherwise frequent repairs cannot be avoided.

To ventilate the space between the lining and the insulation, you need to make an outlet in the ceiling. But it should not be confused with the hood. The vent is needed for drying, during the procedures it is closed with a plug.

In the event that it is decided to make the floor ventilated, the gaps between the boards are made from 5 to 10 mm. Then the ventilation scheme will be as follows:

• the inflow is made standard, under the stove;
• the hood is located in the basement - this is a pipe that goes from the underground to the roof and above.

Fresh air enters directly to the furnace, where it quickly heats up and goes up, which forces the exhaust air to descend to the floor. The hood pulls it through the gaps in the floorboards. Therefore, it will not be cold - still warm air goes into the floor, this does not allow cold air to enter. The hood must be adjustable.

IMPORTANT! A dry underground is a guarantee that the bath will not “please” you with the smell of mustiness, mold will not develop in it, and the wooden floor will not have to be changed often.

Ventilation device in a block bath

Unlike bricks, simple ventilation ducts cannot be laid in gas blocks, because the blocks are gas-permeable. You can fix this problem like this:

• put a galvanized steel box (but it will have to be insulated so that condensate does not accumulate);
• still make a ventilation duct in gas blocks, but lay it out from the inside with a brick.

Exhaust ducts lead through the roof. Supply outlets are brought out low above the ground.

IMPORTANT! In order for the outer walls to keep heat, ventilation ducts must be led along the inner walls and partitions.

Hood

For natural exhaust, air ducts with a diameter of 15 cm are taken, for forced exhaust - 13 cm. At the exit to the room, a hole is made with an allowance of 1 cm (14 or 16 cm), the pipe is fixed in it with a solution. Exhaust air ducts should be in the steam room, and in the washing room, and in the rest room. In the steam room, you can make two exhaust holes at different heights opposite the stove, in other rooms - one at a time. It is advisable to insert fans into the ducts. The supply air duct is desirable at least one, under the stove.

Ventilation in the Russian bath

Active air exchange in the Russian bath takes place either between entries into the steam room, or after the procedures, during the drying of the bath.

Often they simply open doors and windows to ventilate in one burst (see illustration above).

However, in addition to this, ventilation in the Russian bath is provided in several other ways.

In particular, they do ventilation holes in the basement, which provide ventilation of the subfloor and drying of the floors.

Depending on the type of floors in the Russian bath, there are differences in their ventilation.

With pouring floors

Shower floors are either of the simplest type with a drain into the drainage cushion right under the bath, or complex - concrete with insulation, for example. In both cases, the vents in the basement of the bath are responsible for their ventilation.

Products are made on two opposite, or on all 4 sides of the bath. You need plugs that will allow you to open the vents for ventilation and close when you need to heat the bath. The pouring floor already has gaps that allow you to quickly ventilate it after bath procedures.

with dry floor

If a dry floor is made in the bath, then its ventilation is somewhat more difficult than pouring. To speed up future drying, they do this: they do not bring the floor to the wall by 2 centimeters. This gap around the perimeter will allow air to circulate between the basement and the bath. The vents are closed before heating starts.

In addition to underfloor ventilation, the usual supply and exhaust is also needed. Above, we have already described what kind of ventilation happens in a log house, and what kind - in other types of baths. For greater efficiency, you can even put bastu ventilation in a Russian bath - it dries well. But it is worth turning it on at the very end of soaring or after all the procedures. (About ventilation on the site.)

IMPORTANT! Good drying guarantees the durability of the wood in the bath, for the sake of it it is worth trying.

How to DIY

Useful video

Here good video, which tells about how to mount ventilation in a Russian bath with your own hands. Unfortunately, Korsun claims that the inflow should be greater than the exhaust. In fact, this is exactly the opposite - the hood can be done more than the inflow.

We have already talked about how to calculate the diameter of pipes for a specific room.

Sauna ventilation in a cottage, a private house

The bath room began to be increasingly placed in the house itself - in the basement or on the basement floor. This is a very specific solution, because high temperature and humidity adversely affect many building materials, including the material of load-bearing walls. To neutralize their impact, in such a bath, good and necessarily forced ventilation is needed. By the way, it becomes part of the general house ventilation system.

The Russian bath differs from the sauna in higher humidity, so the second one is often done in the house - it is hotter, but there is almost no steam in it. However, the air exchange rate in the sauna should be greater than in the Russian bath. The air in the steam room changes up to 10 times per hour. This also speaks in favor of forced ventilation.

As usual, the air inlet is made close to the floor next to the stove so that the cold fresh air is immediately heated. The inlet fan can be omitted. But on the hood it is needed.

The exhaust duct is best done on the opposite wall from the supply duct. The height from the floor of the lower opening of the hood may be small - 0.3-0.5 m, for example. The second hole is made higher, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe head of a person on the top shelf. Both need adjustable dampers.

By opening the lower damper with the furnace running, we get good convection of warm air. The top hole is needed for ventilation or for a sharp drop in temperature.

IMPORTANT! In addition to what has been said, the sauna in country cottage may need a dehumidifier. Especially if there is a room with a pool.

Ventilation of public baths

That's where there are standards, so it's in the construction of public baths. They also concern ventilation in them. For example, for soap, the air exchange rate per hour is set as follows: 8 inflow volumes and 9 exhaust volumes. For steam rooms - no inflow, but one volume of exhaust. From this we can conclude that in public baths forced supply and exhaust ventilation should be used. Exhaust grilles are located 40 cm from the ceiling.

But from what moment can a bathhouse be considered public? According to the same standards, they are talking about baths with a minimum capacity of 50 people (maximum - 300). However, there is a clarification that in the settlements the number of places in public bath can be 10 or 26 seats. The bath for 50 people is supposed to have men's and women's sections. And if there are fewer places, then the department is one, alternate.

Public baths are connected to centralized heating, so in most rooms, radiators are the source of heating the incoming air. Even in wet rooms there are batteries, however, in the form of registers made of smooth pipes. And in the steam rooms there are heaters. By the way, a separate room with its own ventilation is created for the furnace of these furnaces.

***
We hope that we were able to give enough arguments in favor of the importance of bath ventilation, but it is worth adding that the ventilation system included in the project of a bath under construction is usually cheaper than the one that was remembered after the construction of the bath was completed. However, it is impossible to refuse ventilation even if it was forgotten when drafting the project. Of course, you can save money by doing everything yourself, but this is a good option for those who already have the relevant experience. Professionals, of course, will cost more, but this is also an option if you don’t want to experiment yourself.

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Ventilation in the bath is a must structural element. Without full-fledged air exchange and fresh air supply, even the highest quality wooden building can completely become unusable in 2-3 years. However, even in this short period of time, vapers will have to enjoy such “charms” as dampness, bad smell, lack of fresh air.

Therefore, the installation of the ventilation system must be approached with all responsibility. This is not difficult. Moreover, in most small private baths (especially with the “Russian bath” mode), natural ventilation is the most optimal. And its construction, unlike the forced analogue, will not require the installation of expensive fans. And in some baths, it is generally created "by itself" - only due to the appropriate design of the steam room.

How is the natural ventilation system arranged?

Natural ventilation is driven by air convection that occurs when there is a difference in pressure (temperature) in the room (bath) and outside.

According to the laws of physics, the heated air in the room always rises, and the cold air descends to the floor. The main task of ventilation in the bath is to ensure the flow of fresh air (cold) and displace the exhaust (warm). Therefore, when planning natural ventilation, the inlet is usually located below the exhaust. Then the warm air, rising up, goes out through the exhaust shaft. At the same time, a vacuum (reduced pressure) is created in the room and fresh cool air is drawn in through the inflow near the floor. Gradually, it warms up again, rises and displaces a portion of the exhaust air through the hood. This ensures continuous convection and natural ventilation.

As extracts in a bath with natural ventilation air vents, vents, stove chimney can be used. The air flow is carried out through the crowns of the walls (in chopped baths), ajar doors, ventilation openings. Both supply and exhaust openings (air vents, vents) are provided with shutters or adjustable grilles. This helps to control the air exchange in the room and prevent drafts.

There are several options for natural ventilation. Each of them has its own advantages, special functionality and some restrictions on use.

Option 1. Volley ventilation - airing

Volley ventilation is common in small Russian baths. This is the usual ventilation, which is performed either after bathing procedures, or between entering the steam room. Volley ventilation contributes to a quick change of air, drying the surfaces of the steam room.

With burst ventilation, the role of ventilation holes is performed by a door and a window leaf located on opposite walls. To change the air, they are opened for a short time after soaring (or between visits to the steam room). Depending on which direction the pressure drop is directed, air will move from the window to the door or vice versa.

The role of salvo ventilation is to freshen the air in the steam room, but at the same time not to cool the walls. Therefore, the ventilation time is short - 1-2 minutes is enough.

Option #2. Ventilation with outflow through the chimney

A stove with a chimney can be the driving force behind ventilation. When the fuel is burned, the exhaust air is drawn into the furnace blower and exits through the chimney. In order for fresh air to flow in, a gap of about 5-10 mm is made at the bottom of the door. Or loosely close it during procedures. In log cabins, when a fire is burning in a stove, air from the street is drawn in through loosely fitted lower rims.

Ventilation through the outflow of air through the chimney is only possible while maintaining the fire in the stove. If fuel combustion is not maintained during vaping (e.g. in black-baths or short-duration ovens), no air change will be performed. A more versatile ventilation system will be required.

Option #3. Air exchange through vents

Air exchange through special vents is a universal type of natural ventilation. It allows you to gradually change the air in the steam room several times during the soaring (ideally - 5-6 times per hour). With proper planning of such ventilation, drafts and a decrease in surface temperature will not be observed.

The exhaust hole is usually arranged under the ceiling, above the top shelf. It has dimensions of 15-20 cm, it is square or round. The hood is closed with a removable plug or a sliding damper (door), with which you can change the size of the hood and the degree of air exchange.

A few more rules:

• It is undesirable to place the ventilation holes at the same level opposite each other. It is highly likely that fresh air entering the steam room will immediately fly out into the hood. This eliminates the full circulation of air, but leads to the formation of a draft.
• The linear dimensions of the hood, ideally, should match the dimensions of the inlet. Or be more. If the dimensions of the hood deviate downwards, new clean air will not enter the bath.
• If you want to increase the outflow of exhaust air, the dimensions of the hood make it larger than the supply vent. Or they arrange 2 hoods for 1 inlet.

For the influx of clean air in the steam room, an inlet is equipped, as a rule, 0.2-0.4 m from the floor surface. It can be on the same wall as the hood, or on the opposite side. It is desirable - next to the stove, so that the incoming air has time to heat up and enters the soaring zone already warm. The inlet is closed with a ventilation grill so that the air is drawn into the room in separate streams, and not in a continuous stream.

Step by step installation guide

The classic workflow is:

1. In the walls of the bath, two holes are made with transverse dimensions of 100-200 mm. It is advisable to form ducts even at the construction stage, so that later you do not have to carve them into finished walls. One hole is made behind the stove (or next to it), at a distance of 20 cm from the floor. The other is on the opposite wall, diagonally, at a distance of 20 cm from the ceiling.
2. Boxes are installed in the holes. They can be bought ready-made - made of metal or plastic. In chopped baths, it is better to use wooden boxes knocked together from boards.
3. A ventilation grill is placed on the inlet, and a valve on the exhaust. If one of the holes goes outside, an insect net is installed on the outside of the box.

But this order of work is not the only correct one - it all depends on what kind of structure you have and what duct scheme you have chosen.

Advantages and disadvantages of such a system

Among the advantages of natural ventilation, the most significant are:

• simple device and easy installation;
• low cost - natural ventilation does not require the installation of expensive forced fans;
• Efficiency in work - allows you to avoid spending on electricity;
• reliability - the absence of mechanical devices makes natural ventilation practically “eternal”, not subject to breakdowns and not in need of repairs.

There are also disadvantages:

• the dependence of the ventilation force on the temperature difference in the steam room and on the street;
• in autumn and winter, cold air coming from the supply openings lowers the temperature in the steam room, drafts may occur;
• smells from the street.

Agree, the shortcomings are insignificant. V small bath standing on own site, natural ventilation is the most rational solution. If there are no pools and large washing facilities inside, there is no point in overpaying for mechanical fans (for forced air exchange). If, for some reason, natural ventilation will not cope with the functions assigned to it, you can convert it to mechanical at any time - just put fans on the holes!

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath - scheme

A well-equipped ventilation system, other things being equal, guarantees, firstly, a long service life of building and finishing materials involved in the arrangement of the serviced premises, and secondly, the comfort and safety of visiting the latter for the user. Particularly relevant is the issue of arranging full and sufficiently effective ventilation in the bath, due to the characteristic temperature and humidity conditions and additional requirements for such buildings.

General requirements for ventilation in the bath

Video - Requirements for ventilation in the bath

The choice of the optimal type of ventilation system for servicing a bath is a topic for many hours of discussion. For example, there is natural ventilation. The cost of money, time and effort for its arrangement is minimal - the work literally comes down to drilling holes in the walls, installing boxes / pipes and valves / gratings.

Ventilation damper and grille

Ventilation grilles for baths and saunas

However, it is impossible to use natural ventilation to serve all the premises of the bath. Of course, it would be possible to save money, but the disadvantage of such a solution will become obvious with the arrival of the first winter: along with the influx of fresh air from the street, cold will come in, and everyone knows the combination of frosty air with humidity - everything around will simply freeze. Therefore, natural ventilation in some rooms must be combined with other existing options in other rooms of the bath.

If the bath is equipped with a washing room or even a private pool, natural ventilation will definitely not cope with the maintenance of such premises - you will have to equip an exhaust system. And in general, the presence of a forced inflow / outflow of fresh air will be useful for both visitors to the bathhouse and its premises. Recommendations regarding the optimal composition of the air exchange system are given in the table.

Table. The choice of ventilation system for different rooms

Steam room, dressing room or rest room		Under aeration it is necessary to understand the organized natural air exchange. The option is most optimally suited for use in a bathhouse: air is supplied from the bottom of the stove (for other rooms - 25-30 cm above the floor), exhaust air is removed through an opening in the upper part of the room. The work of air exchange is based on elementary physical laws: cold air from the street displaces warm air masses, which have less weight, up the room. Aeration is ideal for use in rooms with high heat dissipation rates. The presence of additional moisture contributes to an even more pronounced increase in the efficiency of the system.
Wash room, bathroom, pool room		The system is equipped with a fan and, if necessary, cleaning filters. Mechanical exhaust ventilation is ideal for use in the washroom, pool room and other damp and high traffic areas of the bath. A mechanical extractor effectively removes unpleasant odors and excess moisture, which makes the air in the serviced room safe and clean. It is impossible to use only exhaust ventilation - air rarefaction is formed. To compensate for the rarefaction, air is supplied from the street or other rooms. Along with this, the presence of forced ventilation will eliminate the likelihood of drafts. The supply ventilation system can be either natural or mechanical. In combination with mechanical exhaust ventilation, it is more expedient to use a mechanical supply system, because. the potential for natural inflow may ultimately be insufficient to compensate for the resulting rarefaction. At the heart of mechanical supply ventilation is a blower fan. Additionally, it can be equipped with an air heater, which will eliminate the inconvenience and solve the problems of ventilation of the serviced premises during the cold season. Additionally, the supplied air can be humidified or purified using appropriate devices. The mechanical system is more complex in arrangement compared to its analog, which works according to the laws of physics: in addition to fans and air ducts, the system may include additional equipment and devices (diffusers, air distribution grilles, automation equipment, silencers, etc.). This gives an excellent opportunity to arrange an air exchange system that fully meets the wishes of the user.

In vestibules, warehouses and other premises of a similar purpose, a natural hood is made.

Regardless of the type of ventilation system chosen, the bath must have conditions for simple ventilation. Install adjustable windows in all rooms, the location of which allows this.

Video - Types of ventilation systems

Instructions for self-calculation of air exchange

For the calculation, an elementary formula is used:

W (required volume of fresh / exhaust air) \u003d k (coefficient indicating the frequency of air exchange) x V (volume of the serviced room, determined by multiplying the width of the room by the length and height).

That is, first you must calculate the volume of each room and find for it the required indicator of the volume of clean air (in calculations it is customary to denote Wpr, i.e. inflow) and a similar indicator of exhaust air (indicated as Wvt, outflow). In this case, multiplicity factors must be taken into account. The calculated values ​​are rounded up - the last digit in the number must be 0 or 5.

Next, the summation of all Wpr is performed. A similar action is carried out for the found Wvt. The amounts received are compared. If the total value of Wpr exceeds the total indicator Wpr, it is necessary to increase the exhaust volume for rooms with a minimum air exchange value, if vice versa, increase the inflow by the missing value. That is, at the output, the sum of all Wpr should be equal to the total value of the found Wvt.

The results of the calculations will allow you to determine the optimal cross-sections of the installed air ducts and choose the appropriate type of ventilation system. Thus, with the calculation of the volume of premises and other related data, there will be no particular problems. For greater convenience of subsequent processing, enter the found values ​​in a simple table, as in the example presented.

In the given example, the total value of Wpr is less than the sum of all found Wvt by an indicator equal to 110 m3. In order for the balance to be maintained as a result, it is necessary to ensure the flow of clean air in the missing amount. This can only be done in the waiting room. Thus, the value of 55 m3 for the dressing room, given in the table, must be replaced with an indicator of 165 m3. Then the balance will be struck.

Proceed to the calculation of the installed air ducts and the drawing up of the structure of the equipped ventilation system.

The ventilation system is designed in such a way that the air moves through the installed air ducts with the following speed indicators:

• ≤ 5 m/s in main channels and ≤3 m/s in existing branches - for mechanical ventilation systems;
• ≤ 1 m/s - for air exchanges operating according to the natural principle;
• 2 m/s - for natural air exchange directly in the steam room.

When choosing the cross-section of air ducts, consider the above indicators. As for the profile of the box / pipe, this moment is determined by the design features of the air exchange and the bath itself. For example, air ducts with a circular cross section are easier to install than their rectangular counterparts, and it is much easier to select the required connecting fittings for round air ducts.

The relationship between the diameter of the air ducts and other significant indicators is shown in the following tables.

For example, we will work with round ducts. We select the necessary sections according to the corresponding table, focusing, at the same time, on the indicators of the table An example of calculating ventilation.

Estimated air consumption is 165 m3/hour. The air flow at this flow rate should not move faster than 5 m/s. In accordance with the table above for round ducts, we select the section according to the specified data. The tabular value closest to ours is 221 m3/h. Air duct cross section - 125 mm.

Air duct with insulation Flexible ducts

In the same order, we determine the optimal sections for all branches of the system in the serviced premises, remembering that in them the air flow should move at a speed not exceeding 3 m / s (in vestibules and closets - 1 m / s, in the steam room - 2 m / s). sec):

• steam room: calculated Ww is 60 m3 / h, which requires the installation of an air duct with a cross section of 125 mm;
• shower room - Ww is 50 m3 / h, air moves at a speed of 3 m / s, a 100 mm air duct is suitable;
• toilet - the indicators are similar to the shower room;
• pantry, vestibule, etc. - indicators (except for the speed of air movement) are similar to the shower and toilet.

Important! In the shower room (washing room, room with a pool), an increased level of humidity is noted. When determining the cross-section of the duct for this room, it is necessary to make an upward adjustment (in this example, 125 mm).

For greater convenience, enter all the information received in the table. As an example, you can use the template below.

Important note! In the table above, the extract volume exceeds the clean air supply. This happened because the sections were determined by the nearest flow rate, and the diameter of the air duct in the washing room was deliberately increased. In practice, such an approach will only benefit - the margin for outflow and inflow will not be superfluous.

SNiP 2.08.01-89. Residential buildings. Download file

SNiP 2.08.01-89

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00. Download file

SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00

Building regulations Russian Federation heating, ventilation and conditioning heating, ventilation and conditioning SNiP 41-01-2003. Download file

SNiP 41-01-2003 (Heating, ventilation and air conditioning)

The cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation window is determined in accordance with the volume of the served room: 24 cm2 for every 1 m3.

It remains only to deal with optimal height vent locations:

• for the influx of fresh air - an average of 25-30 cm above the floor (in the steam room - near the stove);
• for the outflow of exhaust air - about 15-20 cm below the ceiling, as a rule, on the wall opposite to the supply air.

Popular bath ventilation schemes

Separate consideration deserves only options for arranging ventilation in the steam room - in the rest of the rooms everything is done according to the standard scheme, for example, like this:

Air exchange in the steam room can be organized in accordance with 4 main schemes presented in the following image.

Scheme "a". The most popular option. The window for air flow is next to the stove, at a distance of about 25-30 cm from the floor. The incoming clean air gradually displaces the exhausted warm upwards to the opposite wall. On it, about 15-25 cm below the ceiling, there is an exhaust hole.

Scheme "b". Both holes are on the same wall. The circuit will only work if an exhaust fan is installed. Fresh air enters through the lower opening, equipped in the wall opposite to the stove. The air will rush in the direction of the stove, and then, covering the space of the steam room with an arc, move to the hood and be discharged outside the bath.

Scheme "in". The option is suitable for steam rooms with a leaky floor. The inlet opening is located as in scheme "a". Having warmed up in the upper part of the steam room, the air descends to the floor, passes through the gaps in the boardwalk, contributing to more efficient drying of the boards, and then is removed through the exhaust hole, usually equipped in another room. Also, the hood can be carried out through a separate insulated channel.

Scheme "g". Option for baths with a constantly working stove. In this case, the function of the hood is performed by the blower hole of the furnace. The supply window is arranged under the shelf, in the wall opposite to the furnace. The height of the inlet must correspond to the height of the furnace blower. Fresh air rushes to the stove, displacing the air masses heated by it to the ceiling. Cooling down there, the air descends and is removed from the bath through the blower.

In order for the operation of the air exchange system to be as efficient and high-quality as possible, before starting its installation, study and remember a few simple tips.

If your bathhouse has a bathroom or even a kitchen, equip them only with exhaust ventilation - this solution will eliminate the possibility of unpleasant odors spreading to other rooms. Alternatively, you can equip other rooms with forced ventilation, and equip the bathrooms with a natural exhaust - in this case, the air will move towards the bathrooms.

When calculating the performance of fans, it is recommended to reduce the total capacity of the supply units by 5-10% of the total performance of the exhaust units. In this case, the exhaust air will be completely displaced by the incoming air masses, and a 5-10% reserve will compensate for the inflow of air entering through windows, slots, etc., which will help to maintain a balance.

In rooms with only natural ventilation, it is recommended to definitely make opening windows - this will increase the efficiency of fresh air intake and reduce the risk of fungi, mold, rot, etc.

Important! If your bath has a non-standard configuration, the ventilation system project will also be individual. When compiling it, the features of the composition of the premises, their design, design features etc.

The main stages of independent arrangement of the ventilation system

Any ventilation system in any room is equipped in approximately the same sequence. Differences are present only in the characteristics of the air vents and their locations, as well as the configuration of the system (mechanical, unlike natural ones, are supplemented different kind devices).

For example, the following arrangement of ventilation elements can be used.

Or its somewhat modified counterpart, shown in the following image.

Recommendations regarding the choice of the location of each opening, the type of air exchange system for different rooms of the bath, as well as the procedure for determining the characteristics of ventilation elements, were discussed earlier.

Along with this, the procedure for arranging ventilation may vary depending on which design option you prefer. There are few solutions available:

• independent ventilation in each room. An easier option. Work is limited to the installation of transoms, vents, fans and other necessary elements, if provided for by the project. Fans can be mounted both in windows and in separate channels brought outside through the wall;
• centralized system. More difficult option. Requires ventilation ducts. It is used mainly in private homes - in the case of a bath, this option will be too costly and time-consuming;
• "hybrid" option. Some rooms are ventilated individually, some are combined into a joint system.

A reasonable option for use in a bath is independent ventilation - the owner can choose the optimal characteristics of fans and other elements for each room, saving money, time and effort on the activities necessary to combine the channels into a single system.

Important! The location of some bath rooms may not allow to equip independent supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, it will not be possible to avoid laying ventilation ducts. Alternatively, the boxes can be placed in the attic, and the ventilation holes can be arranged in the ceiling or connected to the channels equipped in the walls (the option is more complicated if the laying of such channels was not provided for by the project at the construction stage of the bath).

In most cases, the first option is used: ventilation pipes of the required length are led out through openings in the ceilings of the serviced premises and either equipped with their own fan, if necessary (easier to implement for an unprepared user, the procedure is similar to that given in the following table), or connected into a single circuit and connected to a common hood (may require the involvement of specialists).

Remember: the maximum efficiency of the ventilation system is ensured by using as short and straight air ducts as possible - up to 3 m with natural air exchange and up to 6 m with electric fans.

The procedure for arranging an independent ventilation system is given in the following table.

Important! The example considers instructions for arranging a mechanical ventilation system using fans. The order of installation of natural air exchange remains almost the same: only the stages of laying wires and installing fans are excluded.

Table. Arrangement of ventilation

Stage of workExplanations

	The operating procedure remains the same for the supply and exhaust openings. Only the height of their arrangement and location changes ( possible options discussed earlier), as well as the type of fans used (supply or exhaust). The characteristics of the latter are selected on an individual basis, taking into account the volume of the serviced premises, the required air velocity in the air ducts, the required air exchange rate, etc. - all these moments were consecrated in the theoretical part. We equip the holes in the following order: - we outline the center and contours. We make the markup so that the diameter of the hole as a result is slightly (usually a 2-3 mm gap) exceeds the diameter of the installed pipe (recommendations for choosing the diameters of the ducts were given earlier); - Using a perforator, make a hole in accordance with the markings. We hold the working tool horizontally, but with a slight downward slope; - carefully take out the cut material (a hammer and a chisel will help us with this), after which we carefully clean the finished hole from dirt and dust.
	The ventilation pipe (ventilation duct housing) is placed in the prepared hole, but before that it (if mechanical / forced ventilation is planned) must be equipped with a fan. Useful recommendation! Initially, buy ready-made kits for arranging ventilation, including, in addition to related accessories, a ventilation duct / pipe and a fan with an appropriately sized case - this way you will avoid difficulties during the assembly phase. The pipe with the fan is placed in the prepared hole, and the remaining gaps are filled with mounting foam.
	fan is electrical appliance, therefore, it must be connected to the network. Let's do this while the mounting foam dries (at least 10-12 hours). The procedure is standard: - the contours of the strobe for the cable are cut out in the wall using a grinder. Excess material is removed using a chipper; - a hole is prepared in the wall for installing the switch box (for example, you can use a puncher). The box is installed (pre-read the instructions specifically for your switch). The switch itself will be mounted after finishing; - the wire is laid in a strobe. We use alabaster to fix the cable; - connect the wire to the switch and fan. We must first study the connection diagram recommended by the fan manufacturer in the attached instructions, because. it may differ for different devices. For example, one of the most commonly used schemes is given.
	It remains only to bring the whole structure into its proper form. To do this, we do the following: - get rid of excess dried mounting foam with a knife; - putty strobes; - we mount adjustable ventilation grilles on both sides of the pipe. For fastening we use self-tapping screws. If provided, we install additional elements at the appropriate stages of work (for example, an air heater, a filter, etc.). Each of these devices is mounted individually - we first clarify these points in the manufacturer's instructions.

Video - Arrangement of ventilation holes

Video - Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath - scheme

State norms for ventilation of premises are regulated by SNiP 41-01-2003, the document establishes the minimum frequency of air exchange in rooms, depending on their purpose and features of use. In residential areas, ventilation must perform two tasks - to provide favorable indicators of the percentage of oxygen in the air and to remove exhaust gases.

SNiP 41-01-2003. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Download file

SNiP 41–01–2003

For a bath, ventilation tasks become more complicated, it must additionally remove moist air as quickly as possible (fast drying of wooden structures is ensured) and regulate the temperature in the steam room. There are cases when it is necessary to quickly reduce the temperature in the steam room before taking procedures by small children, the elderly or large people. The stove continues to give off heat for a long time, it takes a very long time to wait until the bath cools down on its own. With the help of room ventilation, you can quickly install desired temperature and maintain it within the specified limits all the time people stay in it.

What are the types of ventilation and the method of their calculation

Ventilation can only exist when there is an inflow of fresh air and an outflow of used air into the room. Often you can find the concept of "supply" or "exhaust" ventilation. These are not quite correct concepts, there cannot be only supply or only exhaust ventilation, it is always only flow-exhaust. Why are these terms used? Thus, it is emphasized that the supply or exhaust of exhaust air is carried out in a forced way, and, accordingly, the removal or supply of fresh air occurs in a natural way.

When calculating the parameters of ventilation systems, the initial data take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence of special conditions in them in terms of air indicators, the presence or likelihood of the presence of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Based on these data, state regulations establish the frequency of air replacement within an hour, it can vary from 1 ÷ 2 to ten or more.

Next, engineers determine the parameters and location of the channels to ensure the necessary intake and removal of air, taking into account weather conditions and the climatic zone. If natural ventilation cannot provide the required frequency of air changes, then forced systems are used that supply / exhaust air with electric fans. Baths have their own characteristics of each type of ventilation, consider them in more detail.

General rules for ventilation in the bath

The principles of the ventilation device in the bath largely depend on architectural features her designs. If the floors have slots for draining water, then supply air can also be supplied through the same slots, there is no need to make a special hole.

Quite often, small windows are installed in the bath - when opened, they “turn” into exhaust holes. In addition, if the furnace firebox is located directly in the steam room, the room can be ventilated even easier - open the firebox and, by changing the position of the damper, adjust the air change rate.

This is the most simple options steam room (by the way, and the most effective and low-cost), but there are cases when the furnace firebox is located in another room, there is no window, and the floors are solid without gaps. It is on such a bath that we will focus in our article. Why do you need to do ventilation in the bath?

1. For better mixing of air throughout the volume. Natural convection of air masses is not able to equalize the air temperature along the height, the difference in indicators under the ceiling and near the floor can reach tens of degrees. This negatively affects the comfort of acceptance. water procedures.
2. For the supply of fresh air. If one person is steamed in the steam room, and the residence time does not exceed 20 ÷ 30 minutes, then the oxygen concentration in the air will not have time to drop to critical values. And if several people steam at the same time in the steam room for a long time, then the influx of fresh air becomes mandatory.

Quite often, developers fall into two extremes: in order to save heat, they generally refuse ventilation or make it too strong and unregulated. Both extremes have negative consequences, ventilation should not be neglected, it is cheap, and the positive effect is very impressive. But it should be done correctly, taking into account the features of the premises, the requirements for the temperature in the steam room, the materials for the manufacture of walls and cladding.

In the event of a complete lack of ventilation, the risks of oxygen starvation increase and, if the furnace firebox is located directly in the steam room, carbon monoxide poisoning. In the case of strong unregulated ventilation, the heating time increases significantly, warm air is quickly removed from the room. But that's not all the problems - the rapid removal of warm air automatically causes an equally rapid influx of fresh air - the floors will always be very cold, and this increases the risk of colds.

Uncontrolled ventilation is fraught with cold floors

The influx of fresh air in the steam room is arranged in two places: behind the stove or under the sun loungers.

There are many air movement patterns on the Internet, most of them are made by amateurs, you should not pay attention to them. Follow only two conditions: air inflow at the bottom, exhaust at the top, placement of channels diagonally across the room.

This is quite enough to ensure normal circulation and air mixing. Everything else is reasoning about nothing, they can only confuse inexperienced developers, significantly complicate the ventilation system, make it expensive and unreliable. There are options with two multi-level exhaust valves, with two supply valves, etc. The air outlets are located at different heights.

One under the very ceiling, is used only for complete ventilation of the bath after the completion of water procedures. The second is done 30 ÷ 40 centimeters below the first and is used during washing. Some craftsmen connect them together with internal air ducts, install several control dampers, etc. We assure you that these complications do not have any visible effect on the comfort of staying in the steam room.

A few words should be said about the ventilation ducts in the bath, they are often suggested to be used in steam rooms. In large buildings, ventilation ducts are used to connect several different rooms to a common ventilation system, no matter if it is natural or forced. This is quite justified from both technological and economic points of view.

What other rooms can be added? ventilation ducts to the couple? Weird question. Then why make complex channels under the wall sheathing? Wouldn't it be easier to make ordinary holes in the walls and insert ordinary pieces of pipes and grates with elementary valves into them? Of course, we will talk about a real, effective, simple and cheap way to install ventilation, we will not lay any channels anywhere. This is a universal option, perfect for both "budget" and expensive exclusive pairs.

Video - Ventilation in the bath

Natural ventilation of the bath

The most accepted option for most baths, minimal in cost and safety, and quite effective. The specific location of the ventilation openings should be taken into account, taking into account the size of the premises, the location of the shelves, the stove and the material of the building. The general rule is that the holes should be located at different heights, as a rule, the inlet (supply) 20 cm from the floor and the outlet (exhaust) 20÷30 cm from the ceiling. When choosing holes, you need to consider where the holes will be located on outer walls. It is desirable that they do not stand out too much on the facade walls.

The dimensions of the holes are approximately 300÷400 cm2, it is better to make them larger than smaller. In case of too rapid air exchange, leading to a decrease in the temperature in the steam room, the channels should be covered with control dampers. To improve the appearance, it is better to use decorative grilles, they can be purchased at specialized stores or made independently.

Somewhat complicates the ventilation system, requires the installation of electrical equipment. Another problem is related to the microclimate in the steam room. There, high temperature and humidity are the main enemies of any electrical equipment. Fans must have reliable protection housing from moisture, during connection, the recommendations of the Electrical Installation Code must be strictly observed. And in order to comply, you need to know them.

The advantages of forced ventilation - the rate of air change in the room is significantly accelerated, the control parameters are expanded. Natural ventilation is very dependent on weather conditions, in some cases it can become ineffective. Especially if the wind is at right angles to the exhaust vent. Forced ventilation works with the same efficiency in any weather and regardless of the direction and strength of the wind.

How to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands

Initial data. The architectural features of the bath do not provide for air to enter through the cracks in the floor, doors, windows or the furnace. It is necessary to make holes for both entry and exit of air. There is no internal and external wall cladding, the bathhouse is built of sawn timber.

Step 1. Decide on the location of the input and output channels.

We have already mentioned that it is better to place the inlet channel near the stove at a distance of about 20 centimeters from the floor level. Exit channel diagonally under the ceiling. This position of the inlet and outlet openings will ensure the distribution of air flows throughout the volume of the room. In addition, the inlet air will not cool flooring. Channels should be easily accessible. There are recommendations to make an exit hole in the ceiling. We are opponents of such a decision, humid air will certainly cause great damage to the entire truss system.

Step 2 Purchase or make your own grates and valves.

They can be of various sizes and geometric shapes: round, square or rectangular. At the same time, consider the materials of the future plating of the external and internal walls, consider how decorative grilles will be attached to them.

Important. Be sure to install grilles with adjustable gaps, only they can provide smooth adjustment of the frequency of air changes in the room.

And one more thing - from the outside of the bath, the holes should also be closed. Moreover, the closure should be as airtight as possible, to prevent moisture from rain or snow from getting on the log house crowns.

Step 3 Make holes in the walls.

The most time-consuming operation, you have to work manually. Pre-in the marked places, you need to drill holes around the perimeter. The closer they are to each other, the easier it is to gouge the wood later. When the holes are drilled, take a chisel, a chisel and a hammer in your hands and begin to destroy the timber bridges remaining between the holes. Ventilation holes should be made 1-2 cm around the perimeter more than the inserted pipe. The fact is that then this pipe must be insulated to prevent the appearance of condensate on wooden structures.

Use only a sharp chisel and a chisel - the timber will have to be cut across the fibers, this is quite difficult. If the thickness of the beam is 20 centimeters, then it is better to make half the depth of the hole from the inside of the bath, and the second half from the outside. If you have extensive experience using a gasoline saw, then you can cut a hole. But we immediately warn you that it is very dangerous to work with a gasoline saw in such conditions. You will have to cut with the end of the tire, while grabbing the tree with the lower part of the chain, the saw will be pulled out of your hands. This way of using the saw is strictly prohibited by safety regulations, remember this.

If there is a need to dilute the inlet in the wall and in the bath, then buy a pipe with an elbow. It is advisable not to use round pipes, but rectangular, they occupy less space under the lining of the inner walls of the steam room.

Be sure to seal the joints of the elbow and pipe with silicone and wrap with adhesive tape for reliability.

Scotch metallized

Step 4 Lay foil or polyethylene film and mineral wool around the perimeter of the holes, the wool layer should be dense, without gaps. It will not be possible to make the edges of the hole absolutely even, carefully make sure that the waterproofing is not damaged by the sharp protrusions of the timber.

Step 5 Insert the pipes into the holes in the log house. They should enter with little effort, quite tightly. In order to increase the reliability of sealing and fastening, be sure to walk around the perimeter of the hole and pipe with foam. Mounting foam eliminates all invisible gaps in thermal insulation between the pipe and the wall and firmly fixes it in the desired position.

We recommend foaming the holes and after wall cladding, the foam will eliminate the gaps between the wall and the vapor barrier. During the expansion of the foam, the vapor barrier will press tightly around the uneven hole, all possible small damages will automatically close.

The pipe to the hood may not be insulated, warm air comes out through it. But we advise, just in case, to do all the operations for her. First, you will lose a little time and money. Secondly, you will make additional and reliable protection against penetration of atmospheric moisture to wooden structures.

When both holes are prepared, you can start upholstering the walls and install decorative grilles with adjustable throughput parameters.

Important. We strongly advise you to ventilate the space between the wall cladding and the aluminum foil during the installation of steam room ventilation. The work is performed according to the above algorithm with one difference. Ventilation should be either permanently closed (during the adoption of water procedures) or permanently open (during the airing of the bath). The use of foil as a wall vapor barrier has many benefits. positive aspects. But there is one problem - the difficulty of removing condensate between the skin and insulation. An ordinary hole solves all problems and completely eliminates damage to wood.

Video - DIY ventilation

How to make a hole in a log house with a crown

If you do not want to make holes for ventilation by hand, you can drill them with a special metal crown. They are sold in stores and are inexpensive. The only problem is that the crown requires a powerful low-speed drill or a hand-held drilling machine; ordinary drills can quickly fail due to a heavy load. Another limitation is that the maximum diameter of crowns is rarely more than 120 mm. But for most baths, small volumes of this size are enough.

Step 1. Choose a drill bit of the appropriate diameter and secure it in the chuck. Mark the drilling site.

Step 2 To lighten the cutting force, be sure to lubricate the bit with machine oil. Lubrication should be repeated periodically. Once the bit is about two-thirds deep, stop drilling, remove the bit and re-lubricate its inner and outer surfaces.

Step 3 Mark the center of the hole with any thin drill. Insert a crown into a shallow hole and start drilling the timber.

Step 4 Drill as long as the bit height allows. Carefully monitor the operation of the electric tool, do not allow heavy loads. Loads are regulated by the force of pressing the crown to the bar.

Step 5. The crown does not work further - take it out and gradually remove the cut wood with a chisel or chisel. It is removed quickly, start gradually chipping holes in the corners. Don't cut the log across the grain with the chisel, only chip it along the grain, it's much easier to do the job.

Repeat the steps until the hole is through. If the timber is so thick that the drill cannot go through it on one side, go to the other. To do this, you need to find the center of the already made hole as accurately as possible. The crown has its own centering drill, but its length may not always be enough to reach reverse side. You will have to find the center yourself. To do this, install a thin wood drill in the drill, insert it into the existing hole from the center drill of the crown and very carefully make a through hole. The more precisely you drill the center, the easier and faster it will be to work on the other side of the wall.

Video - How to drill a hole with a crown

Bath ventilation with heating

A rather original way of arranging ventilation, not only fresh air lends itself to the bath, it is immediately heated. This is very important in winter, as it is possible not only to increase the comfort of your stay, but also to speed up the heating of the premises and save firewood.

The air intake is made at the bottom of the bath and is fed into the air intake duct with the help of electric fans.

The stove has a metal chimney, a special screen is installed around the chimney, air from the duct enters the screen channels. The screen performs two functions: it protects the limbs from burns and serves as a radiator for heating the air coming from the duct. The heated air exits the screen into the steam room.

If desired, you can slightly improve the design. Install a tee with a damper on the air duct. This will allow you to take both air from the bathhouse and from the street - the possibilities for regulating the parameters of the microclimate in the room are significantly expanded.

Video - Ventilation in a steam room with heated air

Why is ventilation needed in a Russian bath? Let's take a simple example: a person is steaming, there is hot steam around him and he breathes it. Oxygen is exhaled and carbon dioxide is constantly inhaled - and if there is no influx of fresh air in such an environment, the vacationer can simply burn out. That is, if there is no ventilation - the bath becomes simply life-threatening - which is why there are so many subtleties in the technical rules for the operation of the bath. Yes, sometimes you can hear from experienced craftsmen that ventilation in a brick bath, for example, is not needed - but this is not about the fact that fresh air is not needed in the steam room, but that sometimes natural ventilation is enough in the bath, and she doesn't need a forced one.

So, how to make ventilation in the bath - we are looking for an answer together with the Stroy-Banya.com portal.

General rules for planning bath ventilation

The ventilation system in the bath itself has two main tasks: to deliver fresh air during the procedures and to ensure fast and high-quality drying of the bath rooms after them. And both options should be thought out and implemented.

And here is what ventilation should not do:

• Violate the temperature regime of the bath with an influx of fresh air.
• It is wrong to stratify temperature flows - i.e. it can be cool only near the floor, but not on the shelf where a steamed person sits.
• To remove from the steam room the wrong air - not exhausted, in which there is the most carbon dioxide.

Also, the lack of fresh air will invariably lead to the appearance of an unpleasant smell in the bath - and it is difficult to get rid of it. Yes, the air filled with mold and fungus spores is not the most healing for a resting person.

In total, ventilation in the bath is provided by the following types:

• Natural, when the entire air flow occurs due to the pressure difference between the street and the room.
• Mechanical - when both the temperature and the air supply are monitored by devices.
• Combined, when pressure is artificially created using a fan.

And in the bath itself, not only inflow is needed, but also outflow - and this is already done with the help of a box, which is always located diagonally from the supply channel.

Ventilation is vital not only in a stuffy steam room - but also in the shower room, in the locker room and even in the rest room. Just initially you need to decide which of its types is suitable for a particular bath.

The floors in the bath should also be ventilated - because they are constantly in contact with water, which can lead to their destruction. If this is not done, they will have to be changed at least once every 5 years. Therefore, in order to extend their service life, it is important to do the following:

1. Initially, even during the laying of the foundation, it is necessary to ensure the ventilation of the floors - to make small vents on opposite sides of the basement.
2. It is necessary to leave two more ventilation holes near the opposite walls of the steam room - for fresh air. And so that a rodent does not accidentally enter the bath, these windows are usually closed with bars.
3. During the installation of the stove, it is important to make sure that the level of the finished floor is slightly higher than the blower - then it will work as a hood.
4. Boards should be laid so that there are gaps between them from 0.5 to 1 cm.
5. At the end of the bath procedures, the floors must be dried well - every time.

You can also make ventilation “according to Bast” in the bathhouse: arrange an influx of fresh air under the stove, and exhaust from the ceiling directly opposite the door in the corner. For this, a special exhaust box is used - it can be made from a board and sheathed inside with foil

Correct direction of air flow

Under the floor, the veterinary duct must be made directly right at the metal sheet - it is he who protects the floors from fire. And the size of the box itself should not exceed the diameter of the chimney by 20%. In general, such a system is good - it is easy to regulate the flow of fresh air from the street, but the unpleasant smell no longer penetrates into the steam room.

If the firebox is located directly in the steam room, then this option is the most rational. Of course, the design turns out to be more complicated - after all, two boxes already need to be installed in it: one to ensure the convection of air masses, the second - to burn firewood. And the channels themselves can be placed directly in the brick podium - if the furnace is installed.

5 popular device schemes to choose from

But the ventilation in the steam room should be thought out especially carefully - otherwise there will be no comfort from pleasant procedures. And you can provide it in different ways:

Option number 1. The inlet is located behind the stove, half a meter from the floor, while the outlet is on the opposite side, at a height of 30 cm. A fan is installed in it for forced air movement. In this option, the air warms up evenly - cool streams heat up from the furnace and go up, where they cool down and go down. There they are already brought out through the exhaust hole. And the lower it is, the stronger the air flow will be.

Option number 2. Both vents are on the same wall - opposite the stove. But the input is at the bottom, 30 cm from the floor, and the output is at the top, 30 cm from the ceiling. Here, a fan is also placed in the outlet. But the flow pattern is somewhat different: cold air enters the steam room, hits the stove, heats up and rushes up - into the hood and out.

Option number 3. In this method, the inlet is behind the stove, at a height of 20 cm from the floor, and the outlet is at the same height, but on the opposite side. And here, too, a fan is placed. The whole system is quite simple: cold air enters the steam room, passes through the stove and is pulled out with the help of a fan.

Option number 4. This option is ideal for a steam room with floors where there are gaps for water to flow out. The inlet behind the stove at a height of 30 cm from the floor, the air that has cooled down, goes down and penetrates through the floor, and then through the ventilation pipe is discharged into the street.

Option number 5. This method is for those baths where the stove is constantly working. The inlet is opposite the stove, 30 cm from the floor, and the chimney and the firebox with a blower act as an exhaust hood.

If you need to raise the temperature in the steam room or increase the amount or saturation of steam, then it will be enough to close the inlets with plugs. And after the end of the procedures - remove the plugs. And it's easier than pressing the buttons on some remote control to a complex and expensive ventilation system. This is how the ventilation of the bath is done with your own hands - nothing complicated!

Ventilation is needed in all rooms, the rules for its installation are prescribed in SNiP 41-01-2003. But they concern only residential, public and industrial premises that create favorable conditions for humans. At the same time, it is taken into account that people stay in such premises for a long period of time and for everyone it is necessary to create the same standard indicators of the microclimate and air quality.

Baths have completely different tasks, they create a stressful microclimate for the body - high performance temperatures (in Russian baths up to +60°C, in saunas over +100°C) and high air humidity (up to 90%). Moreover, in one room, the temperature and humidity indicators should vary widely, depending on the wishes of the washers. Changing the microclimate parameters should be carried out as soon as possible, and the achieved values ​​should be maintained for a relatively long period of time. And another very important difference between the bath and ordinary rooms. If, secondly, people have the opportunity to “protect themselves” from temporary inconveniences with clothes, then this is impossible to do in the baths.

Based on these features, the ventilation of baths must perform individual tasks, and this affects the principles of its design and features of operation. Ventilation in the bath can be natural and forced, each type has its own characteristics, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will talk in detail about only one type of ventilation - natural.

Types of natural ventilation baths

We have already found out the tasks of bath ventilation and how it differs from the ventilation of other rooms, now it's time to tell you how they can be achieved. The methods depend on the architectural features of the room and your preferences.

First you need to remember the lessons of physics from school. Ventilation of premises occurs due to the difference in air density in the street and in the room. Warm air has less weight and rises, cold air is heavier and sinks down, so-called convection occurs. Accordingly, in order for the room to be ventilated, hot air must be able to leave, and cold air must be allowed to enter, inlet and outlet openings are needed. These can be ordinary cracks in windows and doors or specially made ventilation holes.

On the Internet, you can find statements that these holes must necessarily have the same dimensions, otherwise the ventilation does not work or “blowing in the wrong direction”. Only those who skipped classes can say that. The ratio of the size of the inlet and outlet of air does not affect the performance of ventilation.

Square ventilation window

If the outlet, for example, can release only 1 m3 of warm air per hour, then exactly the same amount will enter the cold room, no matter what the size of the inlet, and vice versa. And the effect of reverse thrust is obtained in the case of wind backwater or in the complete absence of fresh air. In the first case, a strong external wind "drives" the air into the room, in the second case, after the air leaves the room, a small vacuum is formed, which draws the air back into the room. This is not to say that ventilation is completely absent, it just becomes cyclical and works on a back-to-back basis. Of course, the efficiency of such ventilation approaches zero, the air moves a little only near the holes.

And with these phenomena it is clear, now we will consider specific types of natural ventilation of the bath. Let's start with the simplest ones and work our way up to the more complex ones.

The simplest, but also the least effective method ventilation.

In the steam room, a door opens or a door and a window open at the same time - ventilation occurs quickly, but not in the way we would like. Why?

Steam is removed from the bath, and this has negative consequences.

Bottom line - ventilation is not the method of ventilation that should be used all the time. This is an extreme method, it is recommended to resort to it only in case of urgent need.

This method can be considered more successful, but it is possible only in one case - the furnace of the sauna stove is located in the steam room. Warm air is removed through the firebox and chimney; it can enter through floor cracks, an ajar window or door. Sometimes a special hole is made in the lower part of the door leaf; to improve the design, it is closed with a decorative grille.

Benefits of ventilating a bath with a stove.

There are, of course, disadvantages, we will name the main ones.

1. Insufficient performance. It will not be possible to quickly change the temperature or humidity in the steam room.
2. The presence of "dead" zones. Mixing of air throughout the volume does not occur, there are zones with drafts and zones with stagnant air.
3. Dependence of draft (ventilation) on weather conditions.

Despite some shortcomings, this method of ventilation in combination with ordinary ventilation is very often used in "budget" options for baths.

For a budget couple the best way- oven ventilation and ventilation

Airing the bath with a stove - scheme

The best option for ventilation devices for most baths.

Advantages:

Important. It is desirable to think over the ventilation device even before the start of the construction of the bath. Resolve issues with specific hole placement and overall dimensions. We advise you to make the height of the ducts no more than the height of the beam, and to adjust the length of the holes.

Why is it better to provide ventilation at the construction stage?

Variants of placement and sizes of ventilation products

There are a few general rules for all natural ventilation products. Firstly, in order to improve the efficiency of the system, the cold air inlets should be located at the bottom of about 20 centimeters from the floor level. The exit holes should be placed at the maximum height - under the ceiling or on the ceiling. Secondly, the mixing of different layers of air in the volume of the steam room is improved if the inlet and outlet are located at the maximum distance from each other, preferably along the diagonal of the room. Where are they recommended to be installed?

It can be done at the bottom of the steam room door leaf.

Advantages - there is no need to make an extra hole in the wall of the bath. This saves time and effort, in addition, the possibility of getting wet of the lower rims of the log house is excluded. The disadvantage is that in most cases the doors are located opposite the shelves for taking bath procedures, cold air flows appear, creating a number of inconveniences.

Under the shelf

Advantages - the inlet is imperceptible, cold air flows are well mixed with warm air throughout the volume. The disadvantage is that access to the grate for opening / closing the damper is more difficult. If during washing it is possible to regulate the intensity of ventilation only with the help of the upper grate, then after airing the baths, both must be closed. And this means that after some time you will have to visit the steam room specifically to close the vent.

Important. The dampers on the ventilation openings must be installed two for each - outside and inside the steam room. After airing the baths, both should be closed. Choose a grille installation technology that guarantees complete tightness of the external dampers. It is strictly forbidden to get atmospheric moisture on the crowns of the log house.

Behind the oven.

The best option. Cold air from the street hits the stove, warms up a little and breaks into several separate and low-speed flows. Drafts are completely eliminated. Disadvantages - it is not always possible to install decorative grilles in this place. If the stove is close to the wall, then the high temperature adversely affects the plastic or wooden materials decorative lattice. In addition, according to safety regulations, such places behind the stove must be insulated with sheet metal using thermal insulation.

Doesn't fit your particular case? No problem, make a hole where you see fit.

As for the outlet, there are fewer problems with its placement. Our only advice - do not do it in the ceiling. Waterlogged air cannot be taken out to the attic, it will cause constant wetting of the wooden elements of the truss system, and its premature repair always costs a pretty penny. To protect the rafters, moist air will have to be brought to the roof. Why make an additional hole in the coating, why worsen the tightness of the roof coating with your own hands and at your own expense?

Dimensions of openings for natural ventilation

The technology for calculating the dimensions of ventilation openings is indicated in the current regulations. Determining the size of vents for natural ventilation is much more difficult than for forced ventilation - there are too many factors beyond the control of people. The main performance parameter of the ventilation system is the frequency of air changes. For residential premises, the minimum value of the multiplicity is regulated, while taking into account both the temperature in the rooms and the temperature outside. The temperature in residential premises fluctuates within insignificant limits, which simplifies the work of designers.

In pairs, the situation is much more complicated - the temperature and humidity indicators vary over a very wide range. In addition, the rate of arrival / entry of air in different situations may differ significantly. Such preconditions make it virtually impossible to accurately calculate the optimum air exchange rate for natural ventilation.

Some bath owners are afraid to suffocate while taking bath procedures due to lack of oxygen. We bring to their attention that one cubic meter air is enough for one person to breathe for an hour and a half. Calculate the cubic capacity of the steam room and find out how long you can safely steam, the bill goes to tens of hours.

Carbon monoxide can cause problems. If you closed the stove gate before the firewood is completely burned out, then no ventilation will help. It can ventilate the room only if there is no more carbon monoxide coming in. Heat the stove correctly and never burn out, do not rely in vain on ventilation.

How to make a ventilation hole in the wall of the bath

For example, we will take the most difficult option - the outer and inner lining of the walls of the bath has already been done. The hole can be round, square or rectangular.

Step 1. Mark the location of the vent on the inner lining of the steam room. Before starting work, you must not only know the location of the hole, but also its dimensions and configuration. It is desirable that air ducts and decorative grilles are available, this will make it possible to accurately control the size of the hole and not do extra work.

Step 2 Prepare a long drill for wood, the working length should exceed the thickness of the bath wall together with the outer and inner lining. In the center of the drawn contour of the vent, drill a through hole from the inside of the steam room. The exit of the drill outside the steam room will be the center of the air. Draw around it the dimensions of the hole, similarly made in the steam room.

Step 3 Remove the elements of the inner and outer skin in the contour. If your bath is sheathed on both sides with natural clapboard, then the process is simplified, just carefully cut out the boards. If metal sheets were used on the outside, use a grinder.

Step 4 Carefully inspect the supporting structures of the skin, if they are damaged, repair. Drill through holes as close as possible to each other along the contour of the ventilation duct, constantly check where they exit from the outside of the wall. The drill must always be perpendicular to the plane. Drill the same holes over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe vent, the more there are, the easier it is to make a hole in the wall.

Video - How to drill a large diameter hole in a tree

Step 5. Next, you need to work with a chisel and a chisel, gradually remove the wooden bridges between the holes. It will not be possible to completely gouge a hole on one side of the wall - it is too difficult to reach with a tool. Do half of the work from the inside of the steam room, and the other half from the outside. It is not necessary to carefully level the surfaces of the holes, the main thing is that the air duct fits easily into the channel.

The most difficult physical work is done, you can proceed with the installation of the duct and gratings. Don't be discouraged if it takes a long time to make holes, even experienced builders can rarely prepare more than two holes a day.

How to install ducts and grilles

For air ducts, you can take metal galvanized or plastic pipes, the length is determined by the length of the passage. Select the grate according to the size of the hole; to adjust the ventilation efficiency, it must have dampers.

Step 1. mineral wool insulate the planes of the hole, carefully insert the air duct into place. In order to firmly fix the pipe in the desired position, use mounting foam. Excess foam that has come out should be cut off after hardening.

Step 2 If there is waterproofing between the sheathing and the wall, foam the gap between the wall and the hole in the sheathing with foam, it will seal the cut and prevent water from entering the wooden structures.

Step 3 Fasten the gratings, the method of fastening depends on the material of manufacture of the wall cladding and the crate.

Check ventilation with a smoldering firebrand or other source of smoke. Bring it to the inlet and observe how and at what speed the air flows in the steam room.

In the photo, the air inflow valve and its performance check

Experiment with natural ventilation at various damper settings, from maximum to minimum.

Video - Installing the KPV 125 valve

Video - Ventilation in a bath with a Termofor air conditioning oven