Russia is the largest state in the world. This status predetermines the specifics of its political organization. So, higher authorities The authorities decided to organize the government of the country through the establishment of federal districts. The corresponding model of the political system is to some extent unique from the point of view of world practice. How many federal districts are there in Russia? What is their list?
What is a "federal district"?
The federal district is an administrative and political unit provided by the system state structure Russia. The territory of the Russian Federation is divided into subjects of the federation. Those, in turn, are united into districts according to a number of geographical, ethno-cultural, social and political characteristics. The respective administrative and political units are headed by authorized representatives of the President of Russia.
List of federal districts
How many federal districts are there in Russia? Now there are 9 of them. Among them:
- Central;
- Northwestern;
- Volga;
- Ural;
- Siberian;
- Far Eastern;
- Southern;
- North Caucasian;
- Crimean.
It should be noted that the North Caucasian District appeared only in 2010. Krymsky - in 2014. How many federal districts in Russia, we now know. Let us now consider in more detail their key characteristics.
Characteristics of the federal districts: Central Federal District
Let's start with the Central Federal District. Plenipotentiary representation - the highest executive agency considered administrative-territorial unit, located in Moscow. Among the most important economic characteristics of the Central Federal District is the presence of large volumes natural resources, especially iron ores, phosphorites, bauxites, cement raw materials. Another important feature that distinguishes the Central Federal District is that Russia has key financial centers here. The main ones, of course, are in Moscow.
Science-intensive industry is developed in the Central Federal District, including in the machine-building segment. The chemical industry plays an important role in the economic structure of the Central Federal District, especially in such segments as the production of mineral fertilizers and organic synthesis products. Resins, plastics, tires, dyes are produced here. The printing industry and the confectionery segment are also well developed.
The administrative and political structure of the Central Federal District is represented by the regions: Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Oryol.
Northwestern Federal District
The structure of the federal districts of Russia includes the North-West. The authorized representative office of the Northwestern Federal District is located in St. Petersburg. In the economic aspect, the Northwestern Federal District can be attributed to the most developed in Russia. Both manufacturing and raw material industries are developed here. The Northwestern Federal District is also characterized by a highly developed transport infrastructure. How many federal districts in Russia have a comparable level of road development? It is difficult to say, since the experience of the Northwestern Federal District is completely unique in this sense.
One of the factors stimulating the growth of the economy of the Northwestern Federal District is the neighborhood with European states - Finland, the Baltic countries, Poland (if we talk about the Kaliningrad region). The Northwestern Federal District is characterized by a huge human resources potential. In the universities of St. Petersburg and other cities, specialists of various profiles are trained, and all of them receive the highest qualifications. The NWFD also contains significant amounts of natural resources.
In the structure of the Northwestern Federal District there are regions: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, Pskov. There are also republics in the Northwestern Federal District: Karelia, Komi.
Southern Federal District
The list of federal districts of Russia includes the Southern Federal District. Its specificity is in a unique, in many respects not typical for the rest of Russia, warm climate. The Southern Federal District of Russia is a national health resort. The region has completely unique thermal springs, mountain springs and artesian wells. There are the largest reserves of tungsten, non-ferrous metals, coal.
After the North Caucasian Federal District was separated from the Southern Federal District in 2010, there are regions in the structure of the region: Astrakhan, Volgograd. There are republics in the SFD: Adygea, Kalmykia. The structure of the Southern Federal District includes the Krasnodar Territory. The region is considered as one of the most promising in terms of investment in tourism.
Privolzhsky Federal District
Relatively small in area - about 7.27% of the total territory that Russia possesses, the Volga Federal District plays a crucial economic and political role in the development of the country. Thus, the share of industry in the economic system of the region is about 23.9%. This is one of the most high performance among all federal districts of the Russian Federation.
The industry of the Volga Federal District is represented by mechanical engineering, fuel and energy complex, agriculture, chemical and light industry. There are many republics in the administrative and political structure of the Volga Federal District: Udmurt, Chuvash, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mari El, Mordovia. There are three regions in the Volga Federal District: Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg.
Ural Federal District
How many federal districts in Russia are located in the European part? At the moment - 7. Among those - the Ural Federal District. The authorized representative office of the Ural Federal District is located in Yekaterinburg. The region under consideration is characterized by a unique geography. It is located on the border between Europe and Asia, has significant natural resources and climate.
The leading sectors of the region's economy are oil and gas production, as well as mining industry. There are significant reserves of iron, non-ferrous and precious metals. The Ural Federal District is characterized by many experts as one of the self-sufficient in terms of provision with resources and necessary technologies.
There are regions in the structure of the Ural Federal District: Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk. The Ural Federal District also includes the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
Siberian Federal District
How many federal districts are there in Russia that are located in Asia? There are 2 of them. Among them is the Siberian Federal District.
Siberia is a huge Russian region, which is one of the key ones in terms of transport communications. It is understandable: it is through the Siberian roads that the cargo turnover between European and Asian Russia is carried out. Local highways also play the most important international importance. Siberia is one of the most economically developed and promising regions of Russia. There are reserves of almost all the resources necessary for the economy.
The structure of the Siberian Federal District includes the following republics: Buryatia, Altai, Tyva, Khakassia. The Siberian Federal District includes regions: Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk. In the structure of the Siberian Federal District there are regions: Altai, Krasnoyarsk.
Far Eastern Federal District
Another federal district of the Russian Federation, which is located in Asia, is the Far East. In terms of area, it is the largest, occupies about 36% of the territory of the state. Has great potential in terms of economic development. It has significant volumes of natural resources, in particular, reserves of coal, oil, gas, and metals.
The Far Eastern Federal District includes the regions: Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan. There are regions in the structure of the Far Eastern Federal District: Primorsky, Khabarovsk. The Far Eastern Federal District includes the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
North Caucasian Federal District
The North Caucasian Federal District was formed on January 19, 2010 by separating from the structure of the Southern Federal District. It is characterized by a small area - about 1% of the territory of the state. In the Southern Federal District, the subjects of the Russian Federation are united, characterized by significant cultural and socio-economic proximity.
The NCFD includes the following republics: Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia-Alania, Chechnya. The Stavropol Territory is present in the structure of the North Caucasian Federal District. The city of Pyatigorsk located in it is the center of the North Caucasus Federal District. The residence of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for the North Caucasus Federal District is located in Essentuki.
Crimean Federal District
In March 2014, Crimea became part of Russia. Shortly thereafter, the Crimean Federal District was formed. In its structure there are 2 subjects. These are, in fact, the Republic of Crimea, as well as Sevastopol, which has the status of a federal city of the Russian Federation, as well as Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Crimea is one of the most important cultural, historical and tourist centers of Russia. This region characterized by significant potential not only in the field of tourism, but also in terms of the development of industry, agriculture and other industries. At the level of federal legislation of the Russian Federation, tax preferences have been established for businesses that operate in Crimea. Programs aimed at stimulating intensive economic development of the region have been adopted.
Population of federal districts of Russia 2017 A table of the population of the federal districts of Russia as of January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2016 according to Rosstat data is presented. dated July 31, 2017 on the population Russian Federation by municipalities.
The Central Federal District is the largest federal district in Russia. The population of the Central Federal District for 2017 is 39,209,582 people. Next is the Volga Federal District with a population of 29,636,574 people. The population of the Siberian Federal District is 19,326,196 people.
List of federal districts of Russia ordered in descending order of population.
Population by federal districts as of 01/01/2017 and 01/01/2016 with data on total, natural and migration growth.
In total, there are 8 federal districts in Russia: Central, Volga, Siberian, Southern, Northwestern, Urals, North Caucasian and Far Eastern. From 2014 to 2016, the Crimean Federal District existed, then it was included in the Southern Federal District.
In federal districts, the largest population growth in 2016 (as of January 1, 2017) is observed in the Central Federal District - by 105,263 people. Further, the Southern Federal District with an increase of 60,509 people and the North Caucasian Federal District with an increase of 57,769 people.
The largest decline was recorded in the Volga Federal District by 37,070 people. Also, a decline in 2016 was recorded in the Far Eastern Federal District by 12,290 people.
The largest natural population growth was recorded in the North Caucasus Federal District by 78,560 people.
The largest natural population decline was recorded in the Central Federal District by 71,020 people.
At the same time, the Central Federal District has the largest absolute decline and the largest migration gain.
Population by federal districts as of 01/01/2016 (preliminary estimate) and average for 2015
federal district | Population on January 1, 2016 | Population average for 2015 | ||||
| Everything | Urban | rural | Everything | Urban | rural | |
| Russian Federation | 146 519 759 | 108 633 610 | 37 886 149 | 146 393 524 | 108 457 915 | 37 935 609 |
| Central Federal District | 39 091 231 | 32 042 623 | 7 048 608 | 39 021 356 | 31 961 536 | 7 059 820 |
| Privolzhsky Federal District | 29 668 736 | 21 237 193 | 8 431 543 | 29 692 093 | 21 234 483 | 8 457 610 |
| Siberian Federal District | 19 320 640 | 14 073 712 | 5 246 928 | 19 316 404 | 14 055 034 | 5 261 370 |
| Southern Federal District | 14 042 858 | 8 838 590 | 5 204 268 | 14 023 344 | 8 820 291 | 5 203 053 |
| Northwestern Federal District | 13 850 809 | 11 653 505 | 2 197 304 | 13 847 183 | 11 646 460 | 2 200 723 |
| Ural Federal District | 12 306 147 | 9 977 268 | 2 328 879 | 12 291 001 | 9 955 561 | 2 335 440 |
| North Caucasian Federal District | 9 717 500 | 4 771 541 | 4 945 959 | 9 688 272 | 4 757 018 | 4 931 254 |
| Far Eastern Federal District | 6 194 529 | 4 681 418 | 1 513 111 | 6 202 775 | 4 683 272 | 1 519 503 |
| Crimean Federal District | 2 327 309 | 1 357 760 | 969 549 | 2 311 098 | 1 344 261 | 966 837 |
In modern conditions, participation in the world economy and the international geographical division of a group is possible not only at the state level. The subjects of the Russian Federation may independently conclude agreements with other countries and regions of the world. The Far Eastern Federal District already has such experience, which is actively integrating into the economy of the Asia-Pacific region.
A special place in the foreign trade relations of Belarus is occupied by Russian regions. Agreements and contracts with 60 constituent entities of the Russian Federation have been signed and are in effect! The main trading partners are Moscow (34% of the trade turnover between Russia and Belarus), the Tyumen region, St. Petersburg, the Moscow region.
In this regard, it is necessary to know not only the specialization of Russia in the world economy, but also the specialization of its individual regions. Let us consider the geographical specifics of the regions of Russia within the federal districts, which were organized by the Decree of the President of Russia of May 13, 2000 in order to increase the efficiency of the activities of federal government bodies. As a result, all subjects of the Russian Federation were grouped into seven federal districts(Fig. 32). Plenipotentiary representatives of the President of Russia have been appointed to each of them.
Rice. 32. Administrative-territorial division of the Russian Federation. Federal districts
List of subjects of the Russian Federation by federal districts and their centers
1. Central Federal District: Belgorod region, Bryansk region. Vladimir Region, Voronezh Region, Ivanovo Region, Kaluga Region, Kostroma Region, Kursk Region, Lipetsk Region, Moscow Region, Orel Region, Ryazan Region, Smolensk Region, Tambov Region, Tver Region. Tula region, Yaroslavl region, Moscow. The center of the federal district is Moscow.
2.Northwestern Federal District: Republic of Karelia, Republic of Komi, Arkhangelsk Region, Vologda Region, Kaliningrad Region, Leningrad Region, Murmansk Region, Novgorod Region, Pskov Region, St. Petersburg, Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
The center of the federal district is St. Petersburg.
3. Southern Federal District: Republic of Adygea (Adygea), Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic, Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Volgograd Region, Rostov Region.
The center of the federal district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
4. Volga Federal District: Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), Udmurt Republic, Chuvash Republic - Chavash Republic, Kirov Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Orenburg Region, Penza Region, Samara Region, Saratov Region, Ulyanovsk Region, Perm Territory.
The center of the federal district is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
5. Ural federal district: Kurgan region, Sverdlovsk region, Tyumen region, Chelyabinsk region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
The center of the federal district is Yekaterinburg.
6. Siberian Federal District: Republic of Altai, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Tyva, Republic of Khakassia, Altai Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Region, Kemerovo Region, Novosibirsk Region. Omsk region. Tomsk region, Chita region, Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug.
The center of the federal district is Novosibirsk.
7. Far Eastern Federal District: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Kamchatka Territory, Magadan Region, Sakhalin Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
The center of the federal district is the city of Khabarovsk.
Federal District of Russia is an economic region top management, which is a large territorial and industrial complex, which combines industries of market specialization with industries that complement the territorial complex, and infrastructure.
Federal districts of Russia (Russian Federation) were created in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District" dated May 13, 2000.
In accordance with this Decree, all subjects of the Russian Federation (regions of Russia) are united into eight federal districts: the North-Western Federal District, the Central Federal District, the Volga Federal District, the Southern Federal District, the North Caucasian Federal District, the Urals Federal District, the Siberian Federal District , Far Eastern Federal District. Each of the eight existing federal districts has an administrative center.
In accordance with federal law"About general principles organizations of local self-government in the Russian Federation" No. 131-FZ dated 06.10.2003, the regions of Russia include urban districts and municipal districts.
A municipal district is a combination of several urban or rural settlements or settlements and inter-settlement territories united by a common territory.
An urban district is an urban settlement that is not part of a municipal district.
Russian Federation (Russia)- the largest state in the world by area. The year of foundation of Russia is considered to be 862 (the beginning of Russian statehood). The area of the Russian Federation is 17.1 million km2, and is divided into 83 subjects of the federation in eight federal districts, including 46 regions, 21 republics, 9 territories, 1 autonomous region, 4 autonomous regions and 2 federal cities.
Federal districts of Russia: Central Federal District, North Caucasian Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Urals Federal District, Southern Federal District, Siberian Federal District, Volga Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District.
Central Federal District in Russia.
Central Federal District. The administrative center of the federal district is the city of Moscow.
Central Federal District (CFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District”. The territory of the district is 650.3 thousand square meters. km. (3.8%) of the territory of Russia and ranks first in Russia in terms of population. The Central Federal District is located in the central part of the East European Plain, its administrative center is the city of Moscow.
The Central Federal District consists of 18 subjects of the Russian Federation.
Northwestern Federal District in Russia.
NORTH-WESTERN Federal District. Area 1,677,900 sq. km. The administrative center of the district is the city of St. Petersburg.
Northwestern Federal District (NWFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District." The North-Western region is located in the north and north-west of the European part of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The center of the Northwestern Federal District is the city of St. Petersburg.
The Northwestern Federal District consists of 11 subjects of the Russian Federation.
Southern Federal District in Russia.
Southern Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
Southern Federal District (SFD)- formed by Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, the composition of the Southern Federal District was changed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev No. 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the System and Structure of Federal Executive Bodies" .
From the moment of formation on May 13, 2000, the district was called "North Caucasian", by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1149 of June 21, 2000 - renamed "South".
The Southern Federal District is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
The Southern Federal District consists of 13 subjects of the Russian Federation
By decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin dated July 28, 2016 No. 375, the Crimean Federal District was abolished, and its constituent entities - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol - were included in the Southern Federal District.
Volga Federal District in Russia.
Volga Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
Volga Federal District (VFD)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District". The Volga Federal District occupies the central and eastern part of the European part of Russia. The center of the Volga Federal District is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The Volga Federal District consists of 14 subjects of the Russian Federation.
Ural Federal District in Russia.
Ural federal district. The administrative center of the district is the city of Yekaterinburg.
Ural Federal District (UrFO)- was formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 "On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District." The center of the Ural Federal District is the city of Yekaterinburg.
The Ural Federal District consists of 6 subjects of the Russian Federation.
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY IN MOSCOW
(humanitarian)
Faculty of Economics
In the discipline "RUSSIAN ECONOMY"
Topic: "Federal Districts of the Russian Federation"
Performed:
Kuptsova I.V.
Krasnodar 2006
1. Central Federal District
2. Northwestern Federal District
3. Southern Federal District
4. Volga Federal District
5. Ural Federal District
6. Siberian Federal District
7. Far Eastern Federal District
1. Central Federal District
Territory - 653 thousand km2. Population - 37.1 million people.
Federal center - Moscow.
Territorial composition: Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tver, Tula, Yaroslavl regions; Moscow - 18 subjects;
Federal district in % of Russia: territory - 3.8; population - 25.6;
gross regional product - 28.0; industrial products- 20.2; agricultural products - 24.3.
conditions for economic development. Favorable in the recent past economic and geographical position in the center of the European part of the country after the collapse Soviet Union deteriorated markedly: it acquired the features of peripherality.
A serious disadvantage is the lack of access to the sea, and positive side- neighborhood with the Volga Federal District, the largest in terms of industrial potential, a large resource area - the European North, as well as with important foreign economic partners - Ukraine and Belarus.
The district is poor in minerals. The exceptions are iron ores, in terms of the reserves of which it occupies a leading position in the country, and massifs of chernozem soils.
Important prerequisites for economic development are also:
* already created large economic potential with a multifunctional industry structure;
* the most powerful scientific base in the country;
* developed network of secondary specialized institutions higher education;
* presence in the territory of the district of the capital of the Russian Federation.
Population. The most developed and populated district of Russia.
The average population density is 57 people per km2.
The most highly urbanized county. Although in terms of the share of the urban population - 80% - it is inferior to the North-West, however, in terms of the degree of concentration of citizens in large and largest cities and in urban agglomerations it has no equal in the whole country. Here is the capital and the largest city in Russia - Moscow with a population of 8631 thousand people (2000), and the entire Moscow agglomeration has 12 million inhabitants.
Two more urban agglomerations - Tulsko-Novomoskovsk and Bryansko-Lyudinovskaya - have more than 1 million each.
The CFR is the most ethnically homogeneous in the country, Russians make up 97% of the total population. Ukrainians and Belarusians stand out from other ethnic groups.
Branches of economic specialization :
* mechanical engineering;
* ferrous metallurgy;
* light industry;
* sugar industry;
* oil industry;
* dairy farming;
* potato growing;
* vegetable growing;
* cultivation of industrial crops (sugar beet, sunflower, fiber flax);
* science, scientific service, higher education;
* banking and financial activities.
mechanical engineering- the largest branch of industrial specialization of the Central Federal District. It is distinguished by a wide range of products. At the same time, the proportion of technically complex, science-intensive products oriented towards the use of skilled and highly skilled labor is much higher here than in other regions of the country. The greatest development was received by transport engineering (aerospace industry, railway and automobile industry). Aerospace industry enterprises are mainly located in Moscow and the Moscow region, as well as in Rybinsk; automotive industry - in Moscow, Moscow region, Yaroslavl, Bryansk, Vladimir; railway engineering - in Tver, Bryansk, Moscow region.
The Central Federal District is the leading region in Russia for precision and complex engineering (electronics, instrumentation, tool production, etc.). Precision and complex engineering enterprises are concentrated in Moscow, the Moscow region, as well as in regional centers and large cities.
Ferrous metallurgy. The Central Federal District hosts the country's second largest ferrous metallurgy base in terms of value and scale of production: the first place in Russia in iron ore mining, the second in iron and steel smelting and the production of rolled products, and the third in ferroalloy smelting. The iron ore industry, the main volumes of production of pig iron, steel and rolled products gravitate to the southern part of the district (Belgorod, Kursk and Lipetsk regions). In the central and northern regions of the district, conversion metallurgy predominates, mainly smelting quality steels and production of rolled metal in the metallurgical shops of machine-building plants.
The largest enterprises in the industry: Lebedinsky and Stoilensky mining and processing plants, Yakovlevsky mine, Novolipetsk and Starooskolsky metallurgical plants, Tula metallurgical plants, Elektrostal plant near Moscow, Orlovsky steel rolling plant.
Light industry. The Central Federal District is the birthplace of the domestic light industry. For most types of industry products, it occupies a leading position in the country. It produces about half of all domestic fabrics, one third of shoes and garments and knitwear. The largest concentration of light industry enterprises is observed in the central and northern regions of the district, especially in the interfluve of the Oka and Volga. The largest centers of the industry are Moscow and the cities of the Moscow region, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Tver, Smolensk, Kaluga.
Sugar and oil industry concentrated in the southern part of the district (Belgorod, Kursk, Voronezh, Tambov and, to a lesser extent, Lipetsk regions), where they are confined to the main areas of sugar beet and sunflower cultivation. The Central Federal District is the main producer of beet sugar in Russia, and in terms of crop area, collection of sunflower seeds and production vegetable oil it ranks second in the country after the Southern Federal District.
Flax growing. The Central Federal District is the main flax-growing region in Russia, it provides most of the collection of domestic fiber flax. The main area of cultivation of this crop is the northern part of the district (Smolensk, Tver, Kaluga, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vladimir, Ivanovo and, to a lesser extent, Moscow, Ryazan, Bryansk and Tula regions).
Dairy cattle breeding- the main branch of livestock specialization of the district, its share in the production of milk in the country exceeds a quarter. The dairy direction of cattle breeding increases as you move from south to north, where there is a better supply of succulent fodder.
Potato and vegetable growing is developed everywhere. However, the density of their crops is increasing in suburban areas. Particularly great is the role in the production of potatoes and vegetables of the Moscow region and the administrative districts of neighboring regions bordering on it. The district ranks first in Russia in terms of the total volume of potato harvest, and shares the first and second places with the Southern Federal District in vegetable production.
Higher education, science and scientific services, credit and financial activities. CFD in last years significantly strengthened its role in the all-Russian system of territorial division of labor in the field of credit and financial activities. Less than in other regions, they suffered here in the 90s. higher education, science and scientific service. Distinctive feature geography of these industries - their extremely high territorial concentration in Moscow and the Moscow region.
Intra-regional differences. There are two districts on the territory of the district - Central and Central Chernozemny.
Central- a highly industrial area with developed mechanical engineering and light industry, with Russia's largest centers of higher education, science and scientific services, and a developed banking and financial sector.
Central Black Earth Region specializes in ferrous metallurgy and agro-industrial complex. In this region, on the basis of ferrous metallurgy, the TPK of the Kursk magnetic anomaly is being formed. The basis of TPK's specialization is: mining and enrichment of iron ore; production of iron ore concentrate; smelting of pig iron, steel; rental production.
The abundance of metal influenced the development of heavy metal-intensive engineering and hardware production, primarily mining and metallurgical equipment, which is necessary for the iron ore metallurgical enterprises of the complex. The use of overburden from iron ore quarries, mainly limestone, created favorable conditions for the development of the industry of mineral building materials. This industry also uses slag from metallurgical production. The capture of sulfur dioxide at metallurgical plants led to the development of sulfuric acid production and a number of sulfuric acid-intensive industries chemical industry, in particular, phosphate fertilizers needed agriculture Central Black Earth.
Seriously hold back further development ferrous metallurgy TPK KMA:
* lack of own fuel and energy resources;
* limited terms water supply;
* ecological situation in the areas of iron ore quarries and metallurgical plants.
Under these conditions, the prospects for the development of metallurgical processing in the TIC KMA are largely associated with the method of direct reduction of iron from ore. by chemical means, bypassing the stage of iron production, followed by the smelting of electric steel. A similar metallurgical process has been successfully tested at the Stary Oskol Metallurgical Plant. It does not require coke and is less water intensive than the conventional process of making steel from pig iron. The latter is especially important in the conditions of the fuel and water deficit in the south of the Central Federal District.
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