How to install a septic tank if groundwater is close. Septic tank for a high level of groundwater: how to choose and install on the site

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1. up to three meters wide;
2. up to five meters long.

• Ventilation,
• vapor barrier
• Thermal insulation. In this case, at the entrance to the cellar
• Pouring screeds

How to equip a cellar

1. boards different sizes;
2. a set of nails or screws;
3. hacksaw;
4. hammers;
5. perforator or drill;
6. roulette.

• Shelf manufacturing.

• Construction of boxes.

• .

1. 40 cm wide;
2. 60 cm long;
3. no more than 30 cm high.

For

• Correct installation bottles.

• Moisture indicators.

• Lighting.

• Calm.

For this you need:

• Secret hatch to the basement: which one is better).

1. make sunbeds or beds;
2. bring a supply of water for drinking;
3. organize a first aid kit;
4. stock up on warm clothes.

How to properly place any equipment in the basement will help the video. => How to Equip a Cellar In Your Home: A Step by Step Guide => => publish => open => closed => => kak-oborudovat-pogreb-127 => => => 2019-04-05 16:18:56 => 2019-04-05 12:18:56 => => 0 =>?p=1405 => 0 => post => => 2 => raw => index,follow)) => 1 => -1 = > => WP_Post Object ( => 1405 => 2 => 2015-07-16 18:27:05 => 2015-07-16 14:27:05 => Wine cellar equipment Basement equipment in a private house plays an important role for high-quality storage of products in it.Here, all vegetables and fruits will not be exposed to sunlight, and stable temperature conditions will allow you to keep jars of pickles on days of severe frosts.The device of specialized shelves will solve all the problems of distribution and storage of products in the house.How to to equip the basement with your own hands is invited to learn from this article.

The main stages of the construction of the basement

The process of improving the cellar begins with the quality of the stages of its construction. The service life of partitions, shelves and drawers located in the basement will depend on these works in the future. The main requirements for the construction of the cellar are:

• Placement of the pit in the right and convenient place for its owner.
• Choice optimal sizes devices:

1. up to three meters wide;
2. up to five meters long.

This area is quite enough for the effective equipment of the cellar, in which it will be possible to store food supplies in the winter.

• Strengthening the walls of the building. In this case, you will need flat slate, which should be installed at the bottom of the cellar formwork, and building bricks to strengthen the wall.
• A solid foundation is being built.
• A strong and reliable overlap is arranged.

By doing construction works it is necessary to provide for the installation of systems that will allow creating in the cellar effective conditions for its correct functioning. These should be:

• Ventilation, which creates the right microclimate in the room. As a result, stored fruits and vegetables will not be covered with condensation, and the air in the basement will always be fresh. You can build ventilation from ordinary plastic pipes used for sewage. The main condition is to ensure proper air circulation.
• vapor barrier. Its device is best carried out on a brick or concrete base, on walls and floors. Sheets of roofing material are superimposed one on top of the other, and a reliable layer of vapor barrier is formed, which protects the walls from the formation of condensate in concrete cavities or inside the brickwork.
• Thermal insulation. In this case, a heat-insulating layer of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene boards is laid at the entrance to the cellar, which will prevent the penetration of cold air into the room.
• Pouring screeds. Before this operation, a reinforcing mesh is laid to reinforce the screed layer. Beacons are installed on top of it, and a flat floor is poured, which will ensure the correct storage of some of the products or cans.

After completing all necessary operations for the construction of the basement, it is necessary to begin the improvement of the cellar so that everything in it is laid out conveniently and correctly.

How to equip a cellar

Instructions for arranging shelves and other equipment for a new cellar suggest:

• Acquire the necessary building materials and tools for the work. They may be:

1. boards of different sizes;
2. a set of nails or screws;
3. profile corners for fixing shelves to the wall;
4. hacksaw;
5. hammers;
6. screwdriver, for tightening self-tapping screws;
7. perforator or drill;
8. roulette.

• Shelf manufacturing.

Tip: Racks with shelves are the main equipment of the cellar for storing vegetables, fruits and preservation, which requires careful attention in their manufacture.

The rack is made of ordinary timber and boards, at least 25 millimeters thick. The procedure for its manufacture is as follows:

1. framework is being built. In this case, as racks, bars are installed around the perimeter of the cellar.
2. planks are nailed between them, which are needed for fastening the boards.
3. boards are nailed or screwed, each of them must be fixed on a rack and a bar. A solidly made rack with boards, the price of which is quite small, will reliably serve up to 15 years.

Basement shelving

• Construction of boxes.

Storage box designs

Tip: Drawers are convenient to use for bulk products, which can be fruits and vegetables. In large boxes located on the floor, it is convenient to store potatoes, carrots, cabbage. Place fresh apples and pears in small boxes.

Boxes are made from boards and timber. For this:

• Determine their location and volume, which is calculated depending on the number of vegetables intended for storage .
• The construction of the box begins with the manufacture of a frame of wooden bars, up to one meter high.
• The frame is sheathed with boards. Such a "floor" box is used to store potato tubers, carrots, cabbage and other vegetables.
• Fruit crate sizes are usually:

1. 40 cm wide;
2. 60 cm long;
3. no more than 30 cm high.

Tip: In the fruit box, be sure to make a bottom so that they do not come into contact with concrete screed which will cause food to rot.

The frame of such a box is upholstered with thin boards so that it can be easily installed on shelves in one row in height and width.

What are the requirements for refrigeration

Very often, instead of building a basement, cellar refrigeration equipment is used. It is especially convenient to use a wine cabinet in which the wine does not lose its taste and aroma. The requirements for high-quality wine storage cabinets are:

• Constant temperature.

To store wine and other alcohol in the cellar, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature, which ranges from ten to fifteen degrees. At a higher temperature, it will quickly deteriorate, and at a lower temperature, it is not able to fully open. When storing wine, abrupt changes are absolutely unacceptable. temperature regime. In this case, it will simply lose its original taste.

• Proper placement of bottles.

They should be located only in a supine position, horizontal to the floor. In another position, the wine will fall on the cork, under its influence it will get deformed and begin to dry out, and the ingress of oxygen into the bottle will lead to deterioration of the wine.

• Moisture indicators.

An important criterion for the room where wine is stored is the level of humidity. This indicator should be within about sixty units, its slight fluctuations in two directions are possible, but not more than ten units. The photo shows an example of storing bottles of wine in the cellar.
Cellar wine storage

• Lighting.

Light that is too bright can lead to oxidation of the wine, so when setting up the cabinet, make sure that the light does not fall on the bottles.

• Calm.

Transportation of any product can damage its quality. The same applies to wine. In one place and in one position, it should be stored for several decades; with frequent movement, it will acquire a dry and bitter taste.

• Proper ventilation system.

This criterion saves the wine from acquiring the smell of mold and fungus.

How to make a shelter in the basement of the house

Even in absolutely peacetime, one must not forget about the possibility of hostilities and foresee whether it is possible to use the cellar as a shelter? This has become especially relevant for the civilians of Donbass, who have experienced the urgency of the issue over the past two years. To save your life and loved ones, it is better to find out in advance how to equip a basement for a shelter in your house. For this you need:

• Modify the cellar hatch so that it can open inward, which will make it possible to get in and out faster. When the hatch is opened outward, the roof or walls can fill it up, and people will be buried alive inside (see also Secret hatch to the basement: which one is better).

Tip: It is better to make two exits to the basement: one leads into the house, and the second goes outside.

As an additional way out, you can use the window in the cellar, which must first be lined with sandbags:

• It is also necessary to impose sandbags on the entrance to a makeshift bomb shelter. Such a design should have a height of at least half a meter, which will protect against the debris of the building and from fragments of shells that can fall tangentially into the basement.
• It is necessary to remove the cans with preservation from the racks so that when the earth sways from the explosion, the cans do not fall and break, which can lead to injuries.
• You need to try to equip your forced shelter:

1. make sunbeds or beds;
2. bring a supply of water for drinking;
3. a supply of food that does not spoil quickly;
4. organize a first aid kit;
5. stock up on warm clothes.

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If the central sewerage system is unavailable, the owners of houses and cottages install autonomous system for wastewater treatment. A septic tank for high groundwater is built according to special rules, otherwise the device will quickly become unusable. If the groundwater level (GWL) in the area is less than 1 meter, the septic tank model is carefully selected and measures are taken to protect it from the harmful effects of subsoil moisture.

Problems of arranging sewerage at high GWL

The installation and operation of a septic tank at high groundwater is complicated for several reasons:

1. The complexity of manual earthworks. Digging a pit or backfilling while standing in the water is difficult and uncomfortable.
2. Difficulty in soil cleanup. It is practically impossible, since damp soil is not able to absorb water. For this reason, the construction of a filtration well or filtration fields is inefficient. To get out of the situation, the filter elements are placed above the ground, on a special platform. Such a technical solution requires additional costs - a drainage pump that pumps the contents of the septic tank into infiltration tunnels (cassettes). So that shallow cassettes are not torn apart by frost in winter, they are covered with earth: such a mound can be disguised as a flower bed.
3. The inefficiency of a prefabricated septic tank made of concrete rings. The most popular option for local sewerage, due to high humidity, almost always loses its tightness. As a result, runoff seeps into the soil, and external moisture enters the well. What to do if there is groundwater in the septic tank? The answer is obvious: you have to call a sewer. Otherwise, liquid from an overfilled container may flow in the opposite direction through the outer pipes.
4. The possibility of "floating" a plastic tank under the pressure of groundwater. The phenomenon, due to the low weight of the structure, threatens to rupture the sewer pipeline. To "anchor" the container, it is mounted on a concrete base and rigidly fixed to it. If the septic tank pops up, it will have to be pumped out of it, dismantled and flushed, and then reinstalled.

Neutralize the disadvantages of high GWL will help preventive measures at the design stage of the sewerage, the choice of the optimal model of the treatment plant.

Requirements for a septic tank and its placement

When choosing a septic tank for a summer residence or a house on a site with high groundwater, the following design characteristics are taken into account:

1. tightness. Since the hull will be in constant contact with wet ground, even the most thorough waterproofing will eventually deteriorate. The best way- one-piece plastic container. If you choose a cast concrete tank, you will have to ensure the possibility of entry and work in the area of ​​​​the crane and trucks. In addition, concrete gradually begins to pass water, even if its surface is treated with hydrophobic compounds.
2. Dimensions. When choosing a model in size, take into account the features of close ground moisture. The height of the tank should not be too large: you will have to dig a deep hole under it, and it will be filled with water all the time.
3. Volume. It is determined by counting the average three-day amount of wastewater entering the sewer. The number of residents and devices connected to the sewer are taken into account: a toilet bowl, a washing machine and dishwashers, a shower stall, a bath (its capacity also plays a role). A small margin is added to the calculated volume of liquid drain. It is important that the container is not empty, otherwise the microorganisms that process waste may die due to lack of nutrition.
4. Design . So that the septic tank does not float at high GWL , it is securely fixed with clamps or ties. In this regard, the design is more convenient, in which there are already loops or eyes for fixing.

The cleaning system is located, maintaining the generally accepted sanitary norms: at a distance of at least 5 meters from a house or road, at least 15 meters from a well or well. There must be at least 30 meters to open water.

Mounting Features

When deciding how to make a septic tank, if groundwater is close, sometimes developers install a conventional single-chamber storage tank without deepening it into the soil. Such a scheme allows you to save materials, reduce the complexity of installation and speed it up. But accumulative autonomous sewage is justified only during maintenance small dacha with few residents and sanitary equipment. In other cases, the dimensions of the tank will turn out to be too large, but, despite this, you will often have to call a sewage truck.

The most rational with a high GWL will be one of three options:

1. Installation of a three-section anaerobic septic tank. In the first compartment, the effluents are settled and divided into fractions, and in the second and third, they are further purified. Thanks to infiltrators used in factory models instead of filter wells, 95% of the purified liquid is absorbed into the soil. Typically, the product is sold unassembled: its components are assembled at the installation site according to the scheme attached by the manufacturer.
2. Self-assembly of a sewer system with an infiltrator from suitable sealed plastic tanks or eurocubes. The resulting compartments are interconnected by pipes.
3. Installation of an aerobic septic tank. It is a bio-purification station, which is supplied with oxygen necessary for the activity of aerobic bacteria. To ensure a natural flow of air, a biofilter is installed - a plastic tank with expanded clay and a special ventilation system. There are volatile filter models in which air is forced in, using an air compressor for aeration.

To independently install an anaerobic wastewater treatment system in the presence of high groundwater, proceed as follows:

1. Dig two wells at a distance of 2 meters from each other. The dimensions of the pits are calculated so that there are 15 cm on each side between the walls of the containers and the earthen slopes. Laid on a sand bed reinforced concrete slab with special mortgage loops. If the passage of lifting equipment for laying a massive reinforced concrete slab is difficult, the bottom of the wells is independently poured concrete mix, having previously installed embedded parts for fixing the tanks.
2. With the help of a bandage, each container is attached to a concrete base (belts are passed through its top cover). The manufactured sections are connected by a pipe for water flow. The drain from the house is brought to the first tank. Without filling the wells with earth, proceed to the next stage.
3. They dig a hole no more than 0.5 meters deep, along the perimeter half a meter more than the cassette. The excavation is filled to the top with sand and rammed; concrete slabs 250 mm high are placed along its contour. The resulting container is covered with crushed stone of the middle fraction (20-40 mm).
4. Cassettes are placed on a crushed stone pillow. They are connected to the second tank, in which a drainage submersible pump is installed (before that, electrical wiring is installed to connect the equipment). Be sure to install a float switch with a moisture-resistant cable to start the pump when the tank is full and turn it off when the minimum level is reached. It is better to play it safe and install two pumps: the float of the backup unit is set to a higher switching level so that it will work if the main one fails.
5. In the manufacture of sewers, the factory infiltration cassette can be replaced with a home-made device. For this purpose, they take an oblong plastic container without a bottom (similar to a pipe), make many small holes in it to let the settled liquid into the ground. The cassette is used only in conjunction with a septic tank, otherwise the holes will become clogged with untreated drains. At the outlet of the infiltration tunnel, a ventilation pipe is equipped.
6. Backfilling. To protect the plastic from interseasonal heaving of the soil, the wells are covered with a special composition: 5 parts of sand to 1 part of dry cement. Backfilling is carried out gradually, compacting and spilling water on each layer. To prevent flexible plastic from bending, the chambers are gradually filled with water - so that the liquid level constantly exceeds the level of the soil backfill.

Installation work it is more convenient to perform in the summer, when the GWL is the lowest. If the container is still filled with water, it is pumped out, and then the installation continues. It is recommended to equip an annular drainage around the treatment plant. They dig a trench, deepened by 20 cm in relation to the border of soil freezing. They make a sand cushion, lay perforated drainage pipes to drain groundwater in a geotextile shell, fill them with sand and gravel.

Industrial production models

If preference is given to purchased installations, the question arises: what is the best septic tank with high groundwater? There is no single answer here, since equipment is produced with different technical data, in a wide price range.

• "Tank" (producer "Triton Plastic"). Universal three-chamber septic tank made of plastic. In the second section, anaerobic treatment takes place, the third one can act as a biofilter.
• "Mole" (Aquamaster company). It is equipped with a body float protection and a compact biofilter.
• "Multplast". Multi-chamber model equipped with drainage pump. If desired, you can install an aerator and upgrade the installation to the level of a deep cleaning station.
• "Bioton-B" (PolymerProPlus company). It consists of three sections, also includes a biofilter and a compartment in which a drainage pump can be placed.

The services of surveyors are not cheap, so many owners of land prefer to independently set the level of groundwater flow. The question often arises of how to make a septic tank if groundwater is close.

Main ways:

• Analysis of the vegetation present on the site. The presence of cattail, reeds, horsetail, willow, wormwood and other moisture-loving plants is a negative factor.
• The study of wells, technical recesses in the ground.
• Watching animals and insects. A large number of mosquitoes, frogs and snails indicates an excess of moisture in the area. This also confirms the absence of mouse holes, anthills.
• Drilling of the wells. An ordinary garden drill can make depressions of 2-3 meters in the ground. It will be necessary to drill several wells, since the water level in the territory may lie unevenly. If in a few days moisture has appeared in the recesses, the waters pass close.
• Obtaining information from the inhabitants of neighboring areas.

Possible problems

The proximity of water leads to a number of negative consequences:

• destruction of underground buildings - cellars, basements, inspection pits in the garage;
• rotting of products stored in the cellar;
• destruction, change in the level of the foundation;
• deterioration in the quality of water in the well;
• plant death.

How to make a septic tank

The main condition is the use of 100% sealed chambers of the septic tank. It is best to use plastic containers or monolithic reinforced concrete structures. It is also recommended to use a ground filter cassette.

Thus, you can determine the water level yourself. The problem is easily solved with a sealed septic tank, supplemented by a filter cassette.

The use of a septic tank in a suburban area is one of the best solutions for the disposal of sewage waste. However, to create an optimal system, it is necessary to take into account many parameters and features of the site. It should be remembered that when choosing a septic tank with a high level of groundwater on the site, not every option is suitable. The level of purification, the method of discharging recycled water, the ability of the soil to pass moisture far is not a complete list of parameters that are of great importance. And yet, the main indicator that determines the efficiency of the wastewater treatment system should be considered not the productivity per day, not the percentage of cleaning. The main criterion, perhaps, will be how clean the environment will remain. After all, it is on this that not only comfortable living depends, but also the health of the owners, their guests and immediate neighbors.

It is recommended to measure the groundwater level during periods when it is at its highest. In spring - during the period of the most active floods associated with snowmelt. In autumn, groundwater can reach maximum levels after prolonged rains. The groundwater level is the distance from the surface of the water table to the surface of the soil. If there is a well on the site, you can measure immediately without additional preparations. If there is no well, you should use a garden drill to make a hole in the soil and wait until it fills with water. At the same time, it is advisable to make several holes and in different places - this will allow you to get the most objective measurement results.

Typical problems associated with high soil moisture and the proximity of groundwater:

The question of how to make a septic tank if groundwater is close is very common. This issue is connected, first of all, with the risks of groundwater pollution. Most septic tanks involve the discharge of processed masses into the ground. Even with a serious level of purification of 98-99%, the technical water obtained at the outlet of the septic tank is not suitable for drinking and poses a health risk if it enters the water supply. Waste water is used only for technical purposes - for household work, for watering trees, etc.

In the event that on-site disposal is not provided, the usual storage septic tank at high OHV, it must still be installed with certain safety measures. The risk of waste from a septic tank getting into the ground or a nearby body of water may be due to various circumstances: seasonal floods, leakage of the reservoir, overflow of the container, malfunction of the control elements of the septic tank (if any) and the sewer tract entering the septic tank.

Features of the placement of septic tanks

Septic tanks are most often buried in the ground. This is for both practical and aesthetic purposes. However, for all obvious benefits, placing a septic tank underground has some disadvantages. Before starting work, you should learn how to bury a septic tank if groundwater is close - even if it is a regular storage tank, there are risks. To eliminate them, all work must be done correctly. Violation of the tightness of the septic tank, if it is located underground, is difficult to identify.

If placed incorrectly, for example, in a place that is low relative to the relief of the site, the septic tank is prone to flooding due to the accumulation of sedimentary or flood waters around the cover.

Also, flooding can be caused by rising groundwater levels.

Due to flooding, the septic tank fills up, and water mixed with sewage can flood the site. During flooding, if the septic tank is made of plastic, there is a risk of the septic tank floating up - to prevent this, a concrete slab, and the septic tank is attached to it.

Even when using a conventional reservoir, it is important to take into account the nearby groundwater - a septic tank that does not involve waste processing is installed in compliance with the norms and standards prescribed by law. There is always the possibility of an emergency. A septic tank in the form of a conventional container involves the removal of waste when the container is filled cesspool machine. When installing, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of free access of the car to the septic tank. It should also be noted that the sewage pumping procedure is not the cleanest process, so the location of the septic tank on your site should be chosen carefully.

The importance of UHV depending on the type of septic tank

Septic tanks that process waste, in most cases, involve the removal of processed masses into the soil. They can be of two types - a septic tank with overflow and a single-container septic tank.

An overflow septic tank, as a rule, consists of several wells isolated from the ground and interconnected. Sometimes a concrete monolithic septic tank is made with internal partitions dividing the entire container into separate compartments. The number of wells or compartments can be different, usually there are two or three. The last tank in the overflow septic tank is a filtering well for the septic tank - the treated drains seep into the soil through the bottom, covered with sand and gravel. Removal into the soil implies two functions at once - post-treatment and
recycling. The level of cleaning in such septic tanks is often not too high. High GWL, in this case, makes the drainage of wastewater into the ground unacceptable. However, when using a concrete septic tank with a high groundwater level, under certain conditions, the solution is to use an aeration field instead of a drainage well.

The use of a waste bioprocessing station that provides a level of purification of 98-99%, for example, a septic tank topas from a vega, does not make it possible for the water formed after processing to enter the well, although the criticality of getting into a nearby reservoir is reduced, especially if the water is flowing there. This water is suitable for irrigation.

Soil characteristics taken into account in the calculations

When calculating the parameters of the purchased septic tank, one should take into account the characteristics of the soil into which the septic tank will discharge processed wastewater. The omission of any factor can subsequently lead to the inoperability of the entire
systems.

The main soil parameters that should be taken into account when choosing a disposal system are:

1. Soil type.
2. The ability of the soil to pass water.
3. Depth of soil freezing.

Some types of septic tanks are initially aimed at use in sandy soil. As a rule, such installations are characterized by a low level of purification and imply the relative remoteness of groundwater at the place of use. Sand provides high throughput. Also in sandy soil, the probability of poorly processed waste does not cause siltation so quickly. It is impossible to use such a septic tank for clay soil, since clay has a low throughput. Runoff can come to the surface of the relief and flood the site. If the only possible option is to drain water from the septic tank with clay soil, then the use of additional measures is inevitable.

In addition to global improvements to the entire system, you can take advantage of an inexpensive and effective solution by installing a septic tank filter at the outlet of the system, thereby reducing the risk of soil silting. It is advisable to use such a filter both for soil with low throughput, and for septic tanks that divert wastewater using aeration fields. The filter retains particles remaining in the water, and thereby significantly reduces the intensity of soil silting. In the case of using filter fields, the filter helps to avoid quick clogging drainage pipes.

If the site is characterized by large volumes of drains, and a septic tank is used all year round, the use of the same filtration fields is limited at low temperatures. Freezing leads to serious pollution environment. High soil moisture also imposes certain restrictions on the drainage of wastewater.

What to do if the extraction efficiency becomes low?

The probability of siltation of the soil into which the treated waste is discharged is inevitable. The task of the owner is only to build a system of high quality in order to postpone this moment as much as possible. In the event that water does not leave the septic tank, what should be done to effective solution Problems? It is necessary to carefully analyze the operation of the entire system. The nature of the problem may be due to both the period of use of the septic tank or an emergency, and the initially incorrect installation of the entire system. If the terms of use of the septic tank are short, it is very likely that the malfunction is caused by errors made during installation.

If the septic tank has been used for more than a year, silting of the drainage is very likely.

If the filter well is clogged, then the well needs to be freed and the bottom cleaned with sand and gravel pouring. If the pit is full, then it is necessary to call a sewage truck to pump out sewage. On your own, you can pump out using a special pump. In the case of filter fields, the situation is somewhat more complicated. It may be necessary to clean the drainage pipes - if the stagnation is provoked by their pollution. Sedimentation of the soil may require digging or replacing its top layer.

The groundwater level is one of the most important aspects when equipping a site with a septic tank. A high GWL forces either not to dump waste into the soil, or to ensure a very high level of cleanliness of the discharged waters. In addition to GWL, there are many more parameters that can affect the quality of the system. Only after calculations can we confidently say, for clay soil, which for sandy soil, also taking into account the carrying capacity of the soil, the proximity of water bodies and the depth of freezing.

However, pick best septic tank for your site does not always mean buying the most expensive model. In cases where the volume of drains is small, there are few users, or the use of a sewage system is seasonal, it is quite realistic to buy a septic tank cheaply with the simplest configuration. And it will be the best solution for a particular site.

If there is no self-confidence, it is necessary to contact the specialists of the manufacturing company. For example, the masters of the Unilos company install turnkey Astra 5 septic tanks, and if the installation is carried out by the manufacturer, he takes into account all technical features systems and the chance of error is minimal.

Owners of suburban areas with high groundwater usually experience difficulties with the arrangement autonomous sewerage and stocks. In wetlands, cesspools quickly fill with sewage, and the cost of sewer maintenance becomes quite high. But arrange efficient septic tank with a high level of groundwater, it is possible if the owner of the site is ready to increase the volume of construction and incur additional costs for the purchase of a finished installation. The investment of additional funds will subsequently pay off with the impeccable operation of the sewerage system and the absence of problems with its maintenance.

A septic tank is essentially a combination cesspool and a treatment plant, where wastewater generated during the life of residents of private housing construction enters. As a result of using the toilet, bathroom, washing and dishwashers formed a large number of effluents that must be disposed of without harm to the environment.

Modern septic tanks provide accumulation, biological treatment, wastewater disposal in two stages:

1. Contaminated effluents enter the first chamber of the reservoir, where they are settled and primary treatment takes place. Solid heavy particles quickly sink to the bottom, and the water purified from them enters the next chamber.
2. In the second chamber, the organic compounds that make up sewage are decomposed with the help of anaerobic microorganisms. The water becomes even purer and enters the third tank or system of special filters for final purification.

Understanding the principle of operation of a septic tank will greatly facilitate the selection and installation of the owner of a suburban area.

What problems does the high level of groundwater create?

High is the height of waters occurring at a distance of 0.5-1 m from the surface of the earth. With such a depth of occurrence, problems with sewerage inevitably appear, and difficulties arise with its maintenance.

1. Flooding. Devices made of bricks or concrete rings are often flooded due to the movement of groundwater and heaving of the soil. The lack of tightness in such installations facilitates the penetration of liquid into the interior, as a result of which the volume of effluents in the device quickly increases. In the best case, the owner of the house building has to call the sewage truck more often, in the worst case, sewage mixed with feces can get into the sewer and flow through it into the toilet and bathroom. If the device is overfilled, its contents may fall into the area and spoil the soil.
2. Ascent. The accumulation of groundwater during heavy rainfall or snowmelt can push light plastic installation upstairs, if it was not fixed with a concrete pad. In the process of pushing out, the septic tank may tilt, fecal masses splash out and fall into the soil. And when the structure is shifted, a sewer breakthrough may occur, the owner of the site will incur unplanned costs for its restoration.
3. Drainage. According to SNiP between groundwater and filtration field, filtering water at the last stage of cleaning, there must be at least 1 m of earthen layer. With a high occurrence of groundwater, this condition is simply impossible, as a result, pollution of the surrounding water bodies occurs due to insufficiently purified water entering the soil.
4. Destruction. Groundwater with high acidity or alkalinity gradually destroys the material from which the septic tank is made, especially concrete or brick. In addition, the housing or sewer pipes can be damaged by sharp pebbles that are brought in by moving groundwater.
5. Complicated installation. When installing the structure, due to the accumulation of water, the process of digging a pit and pouring a concrete pad is complicated. Installing ready-made purifiers becomes more labor intensive.

How to determine the depth of groundwater

Before installing a septic tank, it is necessary to accurately measure the height of groundwater in order to avoid errors during installation and further operation. There are several ways to do this.

There are 4 ways to self-measure GWL. Each of them allows you to accurately determine the depth of the aquifer.

1. Drilling rig. For this method, you will need a garden drill and a rod at least 2 m long. On the rod, markings are made along the length with an interval of 10 cm. Next, you need to drill a well to the entire depth of the drill and wait a day for moisture to accumulate. Sometimes water appears immediately after drilling, but these are rather isolated cases. The next day, the height of the water is measured with a rod. For measurement accuracy, you can make a number of wells throughout the site and measure the level for several days in a row. For the design of the tank, they take the most small value from the results.
2. By vegetation. You can determine the GWL on the site by growing wild plants on it. Below is a table of indicator plants, the presence of which can be used to judge the proximity of the aquifer. In addition to these plants, high humidity can be judged by the rich growth of sorrel and the rapid development of currant bushes.
3. For nearby water bodies. If there are dug wells nearby, the necessary information can be obtained by looking into them and determining how far from the surface the water mirror is located in them. It is best to do this after a heavy rainfall to get an accurate idea of ​​the possible rise in groundwater. The presence of wetlands in the district indicates that groundwater is located close to the surface.
4. According to omens. There are some folk omens, based on which it is possible to draw a conclusion about the desired parameter on suburban area. Morning dew and evening fog are sure signs of a shallow aquifer. The abundance of midges, mosquitoes and the absence of rodents in the local area can also tell about high humidity.

Location selection

It is necessary to start the construction of a septic tank at high groundwater by determining a suitable place, while it is important to take into account all SNiPs.

The optimal location of the sump must meet important conditions:

• The distance to housing construction and other buildings on the territory of one's own and neighboring plots, as well as to the road zone, must be at least 5 m;
• The distance from the sewer to the nearest water bodies is at least 30 m;
• To the well with drinking water It is supposed to measure at least 50 m.

Model selection

After defining optimal location for installation, you should decide on the type of septic tank. First of all, calculate the required volume of the device. To calculate the volume of wastewater accumulated per day, it is multiplied by 3.

The device, which will be installed in a site with a high GWL, must meet a number of requirements:

• Full tightness;
• Good strength;
• Reliable fastenings;
• Proper drainage.

To equip a septic tank in the vicinity of the aquifer, experts recommend purchasing models assembled at the factory. Such products are completely sealed, made of durable durable materials and are ready for installation.

Sometimes the owners of the plots prefer to build septic tanks from their usual building materials with your own hands or with the involvement of professional builders. The devices are additionally equipped with reinforced waterproofing. The device is usually built using concrete, brick, or old iron/plastic barrels.

concrete septic tank

When choosing concrete as a building material, it is undesirable to use reinforced concrete rings, since the installation of them quickly collapses and loses its tightness. A three-chamber concrete septic tank with a high level of groundwater is best done in the form of a monolith. Monolithic concrete devices are easier to give the necessary tightness, they are able to withstand high pressure, do not float, their service life will be much longer than that of a reinforced concrete ring. An additional advantage of concrete septic tanks is their low cost compared to more expensive materials.

Installation of a concrete monolith consists of the following steps:

• Digging a pit;
• formwork construction;
• Formation of a reinforcing lattice;
• Filling the bottom with concrete;
• Filling of external walls and partitions;
• Roof formwork construction;
• Roof filling;
• Ground embankment device;
• Installation of ventilation and hatches.

brick septic tank

When installing a brick sump, the proximity of the aquifer will create difficulties when laying its bottom and walls. Finished brick installations need enhanced waterproofing to prevent fecal matter from entering the soil.

The process of building a brick septic tank is similar to installing a concrete one. Instead of the stages of construction of the formwork and pouring of concrete, the laying of the bottom, walls and roof of the device is carried out.

plastic septic tank

building material plastic devices usually serve plastic containers and eurocubes. Plastic septic tanks are not as practical as buildings made from heavier materials, but they are quite suitable for building a sewer system in the country with your own hands. The disadvantages of such materials are the risk of surfacing due to light weight, the possibility of cracks in the heaving of soils.

Before installation plastic septic tanks it is necessary to put a concrete slab at the bottom of the pit for anchoring an easy installation. Plastic firmly fixed to a concrete slab will not be able to float with an increase in GWL.

Factory septic tanks

The best option for arranging an autonomous sewage system in a house adjoining area with a high level of groundwater is septic tanks made at the factory. The modern market of plumbing fixtures and devices offers products of different volumes and the most diverse modifications. Owners of suburban areas have the opportunity to choose the product that is most suitable for their sewer project.

The disadvantages of factory septic tanks are their high price and attachment to electrical networks. Cleaning tanks must be constantly supplied with Fresh air, which is supplied by electrical equipment.

If the owner of the site has the skills to carry out construction work, he may well install a factory septic tank on his own, with the help of auxiliary workers. Installation is carried out in several stages:

1. Pit dig. When digging a pit by hand the main problem- water coming in the process of digging. It is necessary to scoop out the incoming moisture at the same time as digging, sometimes you even have to connect special equipment for pumping. When using an excavator or other equipment for digging, a lot of liquid does not have time to run, and nothing interferes with the process of installing the device.
2. Construction of a sand cushion. At the bottom of the dug pit, sand up to 10 cm thick is poured.
3. Installation concrete base. A concrete slab with fasteners for fixing the septic tank is lowered onto the sand cushion. Sometimes, instead of a finished slab, a formwork with reinforcement is installed and concrete is poured. In the case of pouring, it is necessary to wait a week until the concrete has completely hardened.
4. Training. A heating cable is mounted on the septic tank and waterproofing is sprayed.
5. Installation. The prepared installation is lowered into the pit and installed on a concrete base.
6. Fixation. With the help of special fasteners, the septic tank is attached to a concrete slab.
7. Line of communications. Sewer pipes are connected to the device, the joints are sealed.
8. Sand filling. After connecting the communications, they check the operation of the heating cable and fill the septic tank with sand, immediately equipping the soil embankment on top of the cleaner.

After installing a septic tank, a filtration field or a filtration cassette is constructed next to it for the final purification of the filtrate.

TOP 10 factory cleaners

1. Tank. Excellent value for money. Energy independent. Rugged housing. A large assortment models with different volume and device.
2. Triton. Excellent service life up to 50 years. Septic tanks of this brand require anchoring during installation. A wide range of models of different sizes and shapes.
3. Leopard. Three-chamber cleaners with 2-level biofiltration. Consumers note strength, reliability and durability.
4. Tver. high throughput models. They require a constant source of electricity and regular maintenance.
5. Leader. 6-chamber septic tanks with airlift and aerators. Do not require biological additives for wastewater treatment.
6. Ecopan. Withstand heavy loads. Recommended for installation in heaving soils.
7. Unilos. A complex wastewater treatment process, consisting of mechanical and biological stages. Reliable, easy-to-maintain models.
8. Yubas. Durable septic tanks suitable for efficient operation with long breaks up to 3 months.
9. Poplar. Resistant to temperature extremes and loads. Equipped with airlifts, compressors and aerators. manual and mechanical sludge removal is provided.
10. Topas. Reliable system autonomous sewage system, made of high quality materials. It is in demand among Russian consumers.

Operation features

Autonomous sewerage system will serve maximum term if you follow the recommendations of experts and the basic rules of use:

• Do not throw large debris into the sewer;
• It is good to insulate and waterproof the system;
• Regularly pump out accumulated sewage from the septic tank;
• Avoid the ingress of fats with the help of special grease traps;
• Do not use chemicals in the case of using bio-treatment of wastewater in the septic tank chamber.

If you approach the installation of a septic tank responsibly, take the time to draw up a project, select materials, follow the rules of operation - the autonomous sewage system will function without failure for many years.