How to make a septic tank for a bath from a barrel. A septic tank for a bath (the situation is non-standard, experienced minds are urgently needed)

03.03.2020

For the most part, the owners of suburban areas equip a bathhouse on the territory, it does not matter if it is a house with permanent residence or a summer cottage. Traditional construction requires wastewater disposal. Of course, you can buy a ready-made system, but the designs are expensive.

There is always a way out - to make a septic tank for a bath with your own hands.

The first thing to decide is whether the building will be equipped with a toilet.

Waste from a bath without a bathroom contains epidermis, soapy water, a little fat and foliage from brooms. That allows the installation of any system without pumping out. The presence of a latrine in a building changes the nature of the waters, respectively, not every sump will cope with sewage waste.

Bath septic tanks can be: single-chamber and two-section.

Kinds. Single chamber

Consider the options for single-chamber septic tanks and the type of their installation.

Wastewater pit under the bath

The simplest and cheap option septic tank. Organized at the time of laying the foundation. It is worth noting that the pit is relevant if there is no toilet in the bath, the structure itself is not large and is not used so often.

During the construction process, a pit breaks out below the foundation, it is sealed, the bottom is covered with sand, crushed stone and gravel 50-60 cm. The floor in the bath is covered in such a way that water freely falls under it - into drain hole where it sludge, filtration with a natural filter and subsequent withdrawal into the ground.

At this time, this type of septic tank is a thing of the past and is rarely used.

Tire septic tank

Next to the building, a foundation pit is pulled out, 2-3 meters deep. The diameter of the pit should be 15-20 cm larger than the diameter of the tires.

The bottom of the pit is covered with a natural filter. The tires themselves should be cut off on the sides, for a tighter fit to each other. The products are interconnected by any means at hand. The seams are being sealed.

A hole is made in the upper tire for a branch pipe, followed by connection of a drain pipe.
The finished septic tank is closed with a sheet of iron or plastic. The remaining space in the pit is filled with soil along with the lid.
The septic tank is ready for use.

This design has such disadvantages as:

Pros:

Cheap
Easy and quick installation
Cannot be cleaned
When it has worked out, it is simply covered with soil and mounted in another place.

Concrete ring septic tank

Installation of such a septic tank is more complicated. For septic tanks, standard rings and reinforced concrete with a height of 1 m and outer diameter 1.16m

Rings are produced with special connecting elements to facilitate installation. Installation takes place according to the scheme of a well from tires. A pit is being organized.

The rings are falling. They are connected, the seams are sealed. Natural filter bottom. A sewage discharge pipe is supplied. Placed tightly with a lid (they are also commercially available). It is covered with soil.

Reinforced concrete is a very durable material. The reinforcement inside the rings stops the deformation of products at low temperatures and high loads.

Septic tank from a plastic barrel

Single chamber drainage septic tank.

A barrel of the required size is purchased (usually 200 liters). Holes are drilled along its entire surface at the same distance from each other. A hole is dug more than the product in depth by 80 cm, and in diameter by 60 cm.

A branch pipe is mounted in the bottom of the barrel. The main thing is to observe the sealing of the connection between the branch pipe and the barrel. The bottom of the pit is covered with sand and compacted (it is good to spill it with water), then it is covered with a mixture of sand, gravel, rubble.

A barrel is installed on the finished bottom, with the bottom with the pipe upward.

The product is wrapped in geotextile to avoid clogging the holes. The remaining space around the barrel is filled with a natural filter up to the nozzle. The pipe is connected. From above it is covered with soil and covered with sod.

Septic tank made of plastic rings, single chamber

The installation of this septic tank is completely similar to the installation of a sump made of concrete rings.
The difference is in the easier installation of the products.

Attention! All of the above septic tanks are designed to be installed for a bath without a toilet.

Bath septic tank with toilet

As already mentioned above, a bath with a toilet at the outlet produces effluents containing human waste products, which implies additional water purification.
For buildings with a latrine, for the most part, septic tanks with two chambers or two-section are installed.
The two chambers are separate tanks.

Two-section - one drive divided by a partition into two sections.

Both septic tanks work on the same principle.

The liquid settles in the first chamber. Large particles settle to the bottom and form silt, while such as fat and insoluble particles rise to the surface and become a crust.

After settling the floor, the purified liquid flows through the connecting pipe to the second tank, where additional sediment and filtration takes place using a natural filter.

Two-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings

Septic tank from plastic barrels

This septic tank can be made in several versions.

First. Installation is carried out as concrete rings.
Second option. The sump is made of a plastic barrel with a sealed lid, but the well can, for filtration, be made of a barrel with perforation and geotextile.
The third option. The barrel is divided into two sections by a partition. Here, it is paramount to observe the tightness of the compartments. The second compartment can be made drainage or additionally built a drainage well.

This cleaning method is more productive.

Two-chamber septic tank made of plastic rings

The installation is the same as for a septic tank made of concrete rings.

Concrete septic tank

This type of treatment plant will require certain cash and physical costs.

A septic tank scheme is made.
A pit of the correct geometric shape is pulled out.
Formwork is being built according to the scheme.
Concrete mix is poured.
Important! Leave the holes for the nozzles during installation or insert them immediately.
The first section is made with a bottom. After the walls have dried, the screed is poured.
In the second section, a drain filter takes the place of the bottom.

It is imperative to have a tight cover for the septic tank to stop bad smell and debris.

Brick septic tank

Now it is not installed so often.
Installation is carried out according to the method of conventional brickwork.

Important! Laying in half a brick will not work, because when the soil freezes or the level of groundwater rises, it can float or crack, which will break the sealing and the structure will become unusable.

The rest of the installation is identical to the concrete septic tank.

Attention! All two-chamber septic tanks are subject to periodic cleaning of sediment.

The nuances of selection and installation

To select and install a septic tank correctly, several rules must be followed.

Septic tank volume

It is worth making easy calculations on the amount of wastewater from the bath.

Example. The bathhouse is accepted by 6 people one time. On average, everyone uses 50 liters of water

The septic tank must have a volume of at least 400 liters. Taking into account that no one will follow next to the bathhouse. If it is designed for several visits in a row, then the volume triples.

If the bath is equipped with a hot tub

Then, when choosing the volume of a septic tank, one should take into account the drainage of the container.

Outcomes

Of course, there are different types of baths. For saunas with a large area, a pool, a toilet and a shower, it will be more practical to buy a ready-made septic tank, a septo-tank or install an autonomous treatment plant.

Going to the bathhouse is accompanied by the production of a large amount of wastewater that needs to be disposed of somewhere. You need to think about a way to eliminate them even before building a bath. There are few outputs:

Direction of effluent into the ground under the floor or along a trench. This phenomenon occurs in small baths in the villages. A significant drawback of the method is that the earth can not always quickly absorb the incoming liquid, the soil is constantly wetted, as a result, a destructive effect on the foundation.
Build a separate septic tank for the bath. This is a kind of sewerage system that receives water into an equipped tank.

The main types of septic tanks

The main varieties of ready-made and home-made septic tanks are 2:

1) Single chamber;
2) Two-chamber.

A single-chamber septic tank is optimal for installation in a bath without a toilet, where the waste water is water with dissolved soap, particles of keratinized skin and hair. It is a well without a bottom, working on the principle of a filter: significant contaminants remain on the surface, and the treated water goes into the ground. The walls of such a device can be made of car tires, concrete rings, plastic barrels.

A two-chamber septic tank for a bath with a toilet is simply irreplaceable. Single-chamber in this case will not work. The design of a two-chamber well is:

The first compartment, in which mechanical water purification from large impurities takes place. Then the water enters the second compartment.
The second chamber is a sump. This is where the water is purified. An open bottom works on the same principle as a single-chamber well: the liquid is filtered by gravel and soil. This is a septic tank for a bath without pumping out, that is, the removal of liquid with a sewage machine is not required.

Homemade septic tanks for a bath

Buying a ready-made device is not always advisable: septic tanks cost a lot. Many developers prefer to equip a drainage well on their own. You can make it from scrap materials or purchase inexpensive components for construction.

Option number 1: a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings

This type is used more often than others. You will need to purchase several reinforced concrete rings from 2 pieces.

How to make a septic tank for a bath:

Dig a hole at least 1.5 meters deep. The diameter of the recess should be 20-30 cm larger than the size of the ring.
The first ring is installed at the bottom of the pit. Its bottom must be concreted with a 10 cm pillow; installation of a frame into it is not required.
If the container has an open bottom, crushed stone with a thickness of 30 ... 40 cm is poured onto the bottom, which will act as a filter.
The second is installed on the first ring, the seam is sealed with mastic.
Pipes are brought into the septic tank, a cover with a hatch is installed.
They fill up the hole, compact the soil.

If a two-chamber well is being built, next to the first one, according to the same algorithm, another structure of rings is installed. In it, the bottom is covered with crushed stone without concreting, the seams between the rings do not need to be insulated.

Installation of a septic tank for a bath with your own hands can be done independently, which is a big plus - up to 50% of the cost of the device is saved. The well will last for many years.

Everything will have to be turned to the services of professionals: you will need special equipment to lift the rings.

Option number 2: cesspool - filter

Such a septic tank is suitable for baths in which one family is rarely washed. In the device, the pit is incredibly simple:

Dig a groove. It is necessary to make a flat bottom and walls for the convenience of subsequent work.
At the bottom of the pit, 40-50 cm of crushed stone is poured, which will serve as a filter.
The walls are reinforced with brick or rubble masonry.

The advantages of the device are obvious:

Easy installation;
Minimum costs;
Effective treatment of incoming water.

The disadvantages include:

The need for frequent cleaning;
Not suitable for a bath with a toilet.

Option number 3: a septic tank for a bath from a barrel

The use of old eurocubes or plastic barrels is optimal for setting up a small septic tank for a bath in which it is not washed a large number of people. Usually, such receivers are made in two chambers, without the need for pumping.

It is necessary to prepare 2 barrels: one will be the primary receiver, the second - without a bottom. The reservoirs are placed next to each other, the space between them is concreted to give strength to the device and fix it in one place.

The first barrel is slightly higher than the second. This facilitates a slow overflow of liquid without large contaminants that have settled on the bottom of the first waste. In the second barrel, the bottom is covered with crushed stone and sand, which produce the final filtration and release clean water into the ground.

A septic tank for a bath is mounted in several stages:

A pit is dug with a total width of 20-30 cm more than the diameter of the barrel. The distance between the tanks is maintained at 10-20 cm.The difference in the depth of the platforms for the tanks is taken as 20-30 cm.
The bottom of the pit is covered with sand and crushed stone with a layer of 10-15 cm. It is ideal to concrete the floor with a screed 10-15 cm thick, into which you need to insert reinforcing rods, which will subsequently hold the septic tank in place.
Install reservoirs. Since plastic is a fragile material and will be in the freezing zone, where soil pressure periodically increases, it must be protected from both stress and frost. For thermal insulation, it is optimal to take polystyrene or polystyrene foam, overlap the tank with it. From the outside, the barrels are furnished metal frame, which is tied to the foundation reinforcement and tanks to each other.
Install pipes between the tanks, glue them. At the same stage, the inlet pipe from the sewer and ventilation ducts is connected.
Next, the vessels should be concreted. The concrete solution can be poured directly into the remaining gaps between the barrel and the pit wall. This method will significantly strengthen the plastic, but excludes the possibility of inspecting the septic tank. You can go the other way - fill the space with rubble, which compensates for the pressure load, fill the soil removed from the pit from above and compact it.

For baths with a minimal and unstable flow of wastewater, it is enough to install one barrel with a perforated bottom, which can cope with a small flow of liquid.

Option number 4: a septic tank for a bath from car tires

Almost every farm has used car tires. They can also be used to make a wastewater receiver for a bath. It should be noted that it is better to use "clothes" of large diameter wheels.

The device is similar to the skeptic from the barrels, you need to adhere to the same scheme:

1) Equip 1 or 2 tanks;
2) The first tank will be 15-20 cm higher than the second;
3) In the first receiver, a concrete bottom is made, in the second - crushed stone and perforated.

Before starting work, the inner edges of the tires are trimmed so that large waste does not accumulate in them and blockages do not form.

How to make a septic tank from car tires for a bath:

Dig a hole with a diameter that exceeds the diameter of the tires by 20-30 cm.
The bottom of the first site is concreted with a layer of 10-15 cm, the second is covered with crushed stone and sand by 30-40 cm.
Put the tires one on top of the other. The walls of the first one are immediately concreted. Warming of tires is not required - rubber adapts well to changes in soil pressure. Reinforcement of the tanks is also optional, the rings are heavy enough to be pushed out.
Install the inlet and transition pipes. The joints are sealed with a sealant or mastic.
The walls of the second tank are not concreted, but covered with crushed stone up to half, and only the upper part is immersed in concrete.

The use of concrete in the installation can be replaced by dense filling with gravel. From above, for such a well, you need to organize a cover from any suitable items: flooring boards, a metal cover, you can use a real well cover with a hatch.

Ready-made solutions

Installing a septic tank for a bath, assembled by yourself is a simple process, but it takes time. Of course, you can always use ready-made tanks and order the installation or carry it out yourself using the same algorithms.

Ready-made septic tanks differ:

The volume of the tanks;
The number of cleaning sections;
Performance.

The higher these indicators, the more expensive the purchase of systems will be. If the budget is limited, of course, it is better to equip the receiving well according to the above methods.

The bathhouse is an integral attribute of a comfortable suburban life, therefore, acquiring country cottage area, many begin to build it almost before the construction of the main house and other outbuildings. However, its use presupposes the formation of a fairly large amount of wastewater. And, first of all, it is necessary to decide where and how they will be diverted. The optimal solution to this problem is to make a septic tank for a bath with your own hands.

Someone will say: "Why unnecessary troubles and costs, if you can dig a trench" in the old fashioned way "through which the water from the bath will simply go into the ground?" But these effluents, which are generated with each bath, can become a real threat to the ecological and sanitary safety of the site. So, sooner or later, you will still have to think about how to organize the drainage of sewage water from the bath in a more civilized way.

When purchasing or making a septic tank for a bath, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the effluent that he has to process. As a rule, the bulk of the waste from this structure is "gray water" consisting of water with soap foam, surfactants and derivatives of fatty acids. They also contain small amounts of hair and skin particles.

If the bath is equipped with a toilet, then the nature of the drains will be somewhat different. Sewage water of this type is usually called “black”, and it is more responsible to treat and dispose of it. In this case, it is imperative to build a reliable treatment plant with several sealed settling chambers.

A septic tank for a bath can be single-chamber and two-chamber... A single-chamber septic tank is the simplest treatment plant, consisting of a tank without a bottom and operating on the principle of a filter well. In this case, the function of the tank can be performed by various devices such as without a bottom, as well as plastic containers with holes made in them, rings made of reinforced concrete, etc., and the filter is a layer of rubble at the bottom.

Pay attention, when building such a septic tank yourself on your site, it is necessary take into account the location of groundwater in the place where it will be located. If their level is high enough, the cleaning chamber must have a sufficient volume so that a large amount of wastewater generated at the same time during the use of the bath can completely fit inside the tank.

A septic tank for a bath with a toilet should ideally be at least two-chamber. This option should also be used when the use of the bath is planned quite often. It can be purchased ready-made or built independently using reinforced concrete well rings, concrete mortar or plastic containers (eurocubes) and the same tires.

For manufacturing, it is developed taking into account other parameters and conditions. Read about it in our separate article.

And about in what cases you may need it and how to choose it, read the other material.

The first chamber in this case is used as a mechanical filter. A mixture of crushed stone and gravel of fine fractions is poured into it, which cleans the "gray waste" from larger impurities. The second chamber serves as a settling tank, in which water that has passed through a mechanical filter is settled. Then the water moves into a drainage well, from which it is gradually absorbed into the ground. This option is good for those who need a septic tank for a bath without pumping out. A similar one, in which the first chamber will be used for mechanical cleaning, and the second will be a drainage well with a bottom filter.

Important: In the process of use, the gravel-crushed stone backfill will become contaminated, which will lead to a decrease in the speed and quality of filtration, therefore, it must be periodically updated.

Homemade septic tanks - design options

The most simple solution the problem of removing wastewater from the bath is the purchase of a ready-made septic tank industrial production... However, in some cases, it is more rational and practical to make a home-made septic tank for a bath, which will cope with the task of cleaning wastewater no less efficiently and efficiently.

Consider several options for such structures, starting with the simplest and least costly:

Filter cesspool

Features of the device:

- A pit is dug, on the bottom of which a backfill is poured in a layer of 40-50 cm, consisting of a mixture of gravel, sand and pebbles.

- Walls are reinforced with bricks or rubble stone.

Pros:

- Easy to manufacture.

- Minimum construction costs and a fairly high efficiency of wastewater treatment from a bath with its periodic use.

Minuses:

- Not suitable for baths equipped with a toilet.

- Requires frequent cleaning and periodic replacement of the drainage layer.

Septic tank from car tires

Features of the device:

- Tires undergo preliminary preparation - their sides are cut off.

- Pits for a septic tank are dug at a distance of 2-3 m from the bath. Their diameter should correspond to the diameter of the tires used with an overlap of 15 cm. The depth depends on the expected water consumption (the recommended depth is about 2-3 meters).

- The bottom of the first pit is sealed with clay or concrete, and the bottom of the second pit is filled with a mixture of sand and gravel for filtration.

- Tires are placed in the pit, at the joints, fastened with wire staples or plastic clamps.

- Holes are cut in the tires for supplying a pipeline with drains and for organizing an overflow between the two chambers of the septic tank.

- A 110 mm diameter sewer pipe is supplied to the first tank, which is laid below the level of soil freezing.

- An overflow pipe leads from the first tank to the second.

- The pit is covered with soil and clay.

- A sheet of iron or a thick board is laid on top, covered with soil.

Pros:

- A septic tank for a bath made of tires requires a minimum of installation and delivery costs.

- The ability to manufacture a septic tank of optimal volume, due to the use of tires of a suitable diameter.

- Ease of use.

Minuses:

- Insufficient tightness of the structure.

- Not very high quality of wastewater treatment.

Note: It is possible to manufacture a treatment plant for a bath from tires, which has only one chamber with a filtering bottom, provided that the bath is without a toilet.

Septic tank from eurocubes

Features of the device:

- Eurocubes (square plastic containers with a volume of about a thousand liters) are prepared for further use... To do this, tees are mounted in their neck, and holes are made for connecting and outlet pipes.

Important: Due to the fragility and low strength of the eurocubes used to create a homemade two-chamber septic tank, the bottom and walls of the pit must be concreted. In order to avoid the containers floating up, they can be additionally fixed with special clamps to the concrete screed.

- Before filling the septic tank, the tanks must be filled with water, and the gap between them with concrete mortar to give the structure additional strength. To insulate the septic tank from above, it must be covered with polystyrene and then covered with earth. At the same time, the ventilation pipes must remain on the surface.

Ready models

If you do not have time to worry about how to make a septic tank for a bath with your own hands, it makes sense to purchase practical and functional devices at an affordable price. Popular models:

In addition, there are a large number of deep cleaning stations such as "Topas", "Unilos", etc., the price of which will already be significantly higher. However, the optimal solution for a bath can be called simple installations with mechanical filters and sedimentation tanks, which, if necessary, can be equipped with a soil purification system.

Video

In this section, you can watch a video on the topic of our article, which demonstrates the device homemade version a septic tank for a bath from a barrel.

These days in the country, or personal plot there is a bathhouse. It is a miracle healing and beneficial for the body that has come down to us from time immemorial and is the inheritance of our ancestors. No other bathhouse or sauna can compare with the Russian bathhouse. The Russian bath has many advantages, but there are also disadvantages not in the bath itself, of course, but in its operation, more precisely in the use of the sewage system. Often, in the old samples of bathhouse buildings, there was simply no sewage system and the water went into the cracks between the boards in the floor, and then into the soil.

Of course, the whole thing then exuded moisture and dampness for a long time. It is not uncommon for the owners of the baths to disassemble the floor in the steam room and subsequently dry the boards, or simply keep the door open until the next time, so that it airs and dries out. In the bath, and without that high humidity, and even if dampness comes from under the floor, then the building will quickly become unusable.

Also, during the operation of baths without sewerage, the owners, for example, change the lower crown of the log house every 10 years. Some bath attendants go for the trick and make the bottom crown out of hardwoods such as oak.

In order for the bath to serve for a long time, the owners need to make a sewer. Nowadays, there is a huge selection of sewer systems, septic tanks of all designs and sizes for houses and baths. But these septic tanks sometimes cost a lot of money and cannot be affordable for a simple summer resident. What to do common man and how to protect the bath from dampness and moisture? As always, you need to look for a solution and think with your head. So the author was brainwashed and came to the decision to make a sewer with his own hands and save money for the family budget.

He took the principle of operation of a conventional septic tank as an idea. The septic tank is arranged as follows - two reservoirs are connected to each other in the upper part, when the first container is filled, it begins to flow into another reservoir, which performs the function of drainage. The author took information and drawings from the Internet, thought out and completed it for himself. So, what will the author need to fulfill his idea?

Materials: two plastic barrels, cement mortar, boards, gravel, polystyrene, sewer pipes.
Tools: shovel, hammer, ax, hacksaw.

A septic tank for a bath without pumping out with your own hands
Nowadays, there is a bathhouse in the country house or in the personal plot. It is a miracle healing and beneficial for the body that has come down to us from time immemorial and is the inheritance of our ancestors. From russian

Choosing a septic tank for a bath

Comfortable country life in modern world it is impossible to imagine without a bath or a sauna. Many owners of suburban areas, together with the house, immediately begin to build a bathhouse. Before its construction, it is necessary to foresee the presence of a sewerage nearby, because during the use of the bathhouse, a huge amount of wastewater is generated.

That is why, even before the construction of a bath, experts recommend building a full-fledged effective sewage system. Most people think that the construction of a sewage system is optional: you can simply bring the pipe outside and the water will go directly into the ground - this is exactly what they did in the times Soviet Union and even continue now.

Now imagine what damage you will cause to the ecology and natural "safety". And not only to nature, but also to ourselves: untreated water will flow into the ground, and then (of course, it will be a little purified) into wells, from which you will take water not only for a bath, but also for cooking, which will naturally be poisoned with soap and other means, and if a toilet is also built in the bath, then damage will be done not only to the ecology of your site, but also to all your neighbors. Therefore, sooner or later you will have to organize a sewerage system at the site for draining waste.

Sewer system selection

As a rule, septic tanks are chosen for a bath, because with proper operation they will not require pumping out for decades. The cesspool, especially the shallow one, will have to be cleaned after each use of the bath, since the volume of waste water from the bath is quite large. And if you also equip a toilet in the bath, then the rake will not have time to process waste at all, and pumping will have to be done very often.

How to choose the perfect septic tank for a bath without pumping out?

When buying or making homemade septic tank it is worth considering the peculiarities of wastewater to be processed by the sewage system. Typically, for a bath, wastewater is a gray mass, which includes soap and fatty acids, as well as surfactants. Sometimes, in small quantities, runoff can contain particles of skin and nails, hair and some small debris, including dust and sand. Often, for convenience, the bathhouse is also equipped with a toilet: in this case, the wastewater will be much more polluted and the septic tank will need to be built of a more impressive size and with slightly different properties.

Bath septic tanks are usually:

A single-chamber septic tank can only process the simplest waste and is the most primitive version of the sewerage system. It has no bottom - instead, it has a filter mat in the form of sand and gravel. The container can be made of almost any material: barrel, canister, tank, but most importantly - without a bottom. Sometimes such septic tanks are even made from car tires.

It is worth noting that when arranging single-chamber septic tanks without a bottom, it is necessary to take into account the depth of groundwater: the less it is, the larger the area of the septic tank bottom and the depth of the filtration layer (sand and gravel) should be.

A septic tank for a bath with a toilet: ideal

The ideal option for a septic tank for a bath is precisely two-chamber models. They will be able to recycle the waste well and neutralize even toilet waste and soap masses. You can make such a septic tank yourself or buy it in a store. You can also make a "knight's move": buy eurocubes, and then connect them with pipes yourself. You can also use:

plastic containers,
plastic or iron barrels,
reinforced concrete well rings,
car tires,
concrete or brick.

Sometimes, when using the sewage system in the form of a two-chamber septic tank, pumping still has to be done: if the septic tank is far from the road and the sewer machine does not reach it, you can use a drainage or fecal pump, and the waste should be poured into a special pit or collected in a barrel for subsequent disposal.

The principle of operation of a two-chamber septic tank

Two-chamber septic tanks for a bath work according to the following principle:

The first chamber receives untreated water, which undergoes primary treatment with crushed stone, gravel and sand. As a result of such cleaning, coarse dirt and fatty deposits are removed from the water.
Water already purified from "black" dirt enters the second chamber. In the second chamber, the water settles, all residues of dirt and soap settle to the bottom, and pure water on sewer pipe goes on.
Fully purified water goes through pipes to sewer well from where it enters the soil. The process of complete processing of wastewater takes quite a long amount of time: sometimes it takes complete cleaning it takes several months.

Construction of a septic tank for a bath with your own hands

Before starting construction, roughly mark the sewer system on a sheet of paper and calculate necessary materials... Buy materials with a margin of about five to seven percent so that you do not return to the store later.

If you use the bath regularly, then build a two-chamber septic tank. In the event that you use the bath no more than once or twice a month, then you can build a single-chamber septic tank.

After all of the above, you can start digging a hole. Before you dig it, look at the weather forecast for several days ahead and choose two or three days during which there will be no precipitation. After all, if it rains, the millet can fill the pit with water, which will then have to be pumped out. Or the earth from the sides may crumble altogether - then you will have to dig the foundation pit again and do the work a second time.

After that, it will be necessary to pour a layer of gravel and sand at the bottom of the pit, about 50-60 centimeters - more, but not less. Then the walls are built: either from rings or containers, or by building walls out of bricks with concrete. The design of a septic tank of a two-chamber type, built in this way, has many advantages:

fast production (construction),
minimum cash costs - you will have to spend only on pipes and materials,
rare pumping and cleaning.

When setting up and using the sewage system, consider the following:

Buy pipes with a larger diameter: at least 110 millimeters in diameter.
Try not to use the sauna too often: more than twice a week.
If possible, do not "run" large debris into the drain.

Arranging a sewerage system for a bath is a rather difficult process, despite the fact that it will be used less than the "central" sewerage system for your site.

Choosing a septic tank for a bath
The article tells about the device of sewage systems for a bath with a toilet. Detailed instructions are given for the construction of a septic tank for a bath with a toilet without pumping it yourself.

The bath is an integral part country house... Some people begin to build it almost before the construction of the dwelling itself. There are many tasks that need to be solved if you have decided on the decision to build a bathhouse or sauna. One of them is where to dispose of wastewater.

The most the best solution this problem - to install a septic tank. Someone thinks that there is nothing better and easier than the "old-fashioned" option to dig a trench. However, such a sewage system will cause environmental and sanitary problems at the site. So one day you still have to decide more modern method, and you will probably think about a septic tank.

What you should pay attention to

First, you need to consider the nature of the wastewater that the device will process. To a greater extent, the effluent is represented by gray soapy water.

If a bath or sauna involves the installation of a toilet, then the nature of the drains will be very different. The disposal of the so-called black water must be approached more responsibly.

Varieties

There are several types of septic tanks for a bath:

with one camera,
with two cameras.

Let's consider in more detail the characteristics of both types.

Single chamber

This type of septic tank is a simple device that consists of a container without a bottom, and, according to the principle of its operation, resembles a well. Various plastic or metal containers can act as reservoirs, and a layer of rubble that covers the bottom as a filter.

If you decide to install a single-chamber septic tank yourself, do not forget to take into account the location of the groundwater. The fact is that if they are located on high level, then the chamber must also have sufficient volume.

Bicameral

This type of septic tank is most suitable for a bath, especially if you plan to use it often. It can be purchased or made at home from car tires, reinforced concrete well rings and concrete mortar.

First of all, dig 2 holes in which the septic tank chambers will be located. Their length must be at least 2 meters. It should be borne in mind that in the future there will be rubble, sand or other drainage in the gap between the walls and wheels.
We put the tires in pits in stacks.
Now you need to bring the sewer line and connect to the camera.

Other options

Of course, the easiest option is to purchase a septic tank. industrial production, however, in some cases, it is more rational and practical to do it yourself. It is worth noting that it will work no worse than purchased equipment.

Filter cesspool

At the heart of such a structure is a foundation pit, the bottom of which must be covered with crushed stone, sand, gravel or some other backfill.

Make a filter cesspool pretty simple. You don't need to have any special skills to do this.
Minimum manufacturing costs.
Quite high cleaning efficiency.

Such equipment is not suitable for installation in a bath, which has a toilet.
It is necessary to clean often and replace the drainage layer in a timely manner.

Septic tank from European cups

The next construction option is a septic tank made of euro cubes. Eurocubes are square-shaped plastic containers that can hold about 1000 liters.

Before you start making a septic tank, you need to prepare the cubes. To do this, make holes in them for connecting and outlet pipes, and also draw a tee in the neck.

Install the finished structure into the already dug pit. It must be borne in mind that all its sides should be 15-20 centimeters larger than the sides of the Eurocubes that you are using. If the containers are rather fragile and do not have high strength, it is recommended to fill the walls and bottom of the pit with concrete. For additional protection, containers can be secured with special clamps.

Concrete ring septic tank

By the principle of its operation, such a device resembles a well.

for such a structure, two pits will be required,
the number of rings required is selected depending on the volume of wastewater and the level of the ground,
in the chamber from the first ring, it is necessary to install the bottom, and pour a layer of crushed stone into the second.

Sanitary standards

The local sewerage system will be in order only if the sanitary standards are observed:

Location. The distance between the treatment plant and the place of water intake must be at least 30 meters.
Cameras. The chambers in the septic tank must have a volume of at least three days' volume of water that is used in the bath. They have to be cleaned periodically. It is worth considering this and leaving the passage to the cells free.
Drainage layer. Over time, the backfill at the bottom of the unit becomes dirty. This leads to a decrease in the filtration rate. Therefore, it is very important to replace the drainage layer in a timely manner.

How to make a septic tank for a bath with your own hands
This article describes how to make a septic tank for a bath or sauna with your own hands. You will find out what types of septic tanks exist and if there are any sanitary standards.

What kind of septic tank is needed for a bath

Currently, many owners of private houses prefer to equip baths on their territory. This is not strange, because the baths have long been considered a guarantee of longevity and cleanliness. An ordinary septic tank in this case will not work, since it will not always be convenient to organize the entrance of a sewage machine. A septic tank without pumping out with your own hands is the best option in this case. It is worth talking in more detail about how it is installed.

Principle of operation

Of course, oxygen is necessary for the normal functioning of microorganisms. For the development of bacteria, special substances will need to be periodically added to the system.

The purified water will enter the second tank, and then pass into the soil through a filter consisting of gravel and sand.

Digging a pit

The pit for the septic tank should not be located next to the bathhouse and other rooms. Emissions from it can get into drinking water, which is simply unacceptable.

This distance should not be less than five meters from the nearest premises. It is worth noting that the pit must be of a certain depth, which will allow the pipes to be drawn at an angle so that the drains are better drained into the septic tank.

The dimensions of the septic tank can also be calculated independently, knowing the number of people who permanently live in the house and use the bath. In principle, a huge septic tank is not required for a bath, since people usually do not use it every day. However, for bacteria to grow normally, it is necessary to maintain a constant fluid level in the septic tank.

Do not place the pipeline too high, as in this case overflow may occur. It is better to dig a hole using special equipment. Of course, it is quite expensive to call an excavator in this case. It is quite possible to get by with a small tractor with a bucket. If it is not possible to provide access for special equipment, then the foundation pit will have to be dug manually with a shovel.

Formwork construction and concrete pouring

Formwork can be made from both new and old boards. Various wooden shields are also suitable. The first chamber can be made a little larger than the second. Moreover, they must be connected to each other by means of a pipe.
The formwork must be reinforced so that the concrete does not break it. Better to collect it directly in the pit. To increase the rigidity and reliability of the structure, reinforcement must be installed in the formwork.
Now you can start pouring the formwork with concrete. The quality of the future structure depends on the quality of concrete and the correctness of its pouring. Pouring can be done immediately if a concrete mixer is available. Otherwise, it can be poured in layers, gradually lifting the formwork up.

Only after the concrete has completely hardened, you can start building the partition between the chambers. In order to save money, it can be laid out from old bricks.

Overlap installation

It should be noted that the thickness of the overlap should be approximately 15 centimeters. Now we can confidently say that a septic tank for a bath with your own hands is completely ready for use. This design will serve faithfully for many years.

Of course, it will also have to be cleaned, but this will need to be done much less often than in the case of an ordinary septic tank with pumping. To be precise, the relevant services will have to be called approximately every three years. This is a fairly long period of time.

What kind of septic tank is needed for a bath
The principle of operation of a septic tank for a bath. How to dig a pit, correctly install the formwork, and pour concrete. Installation of a septic tank overlap and video with all stages of construction.

In most cases, the owners of private houses build a bathhouse on their personal plot. But this little stronghold of purity and relaxation is not only a source of health and Have a good mood... The bathhouse is also a source of waste water. And it is important to think over where and how the drains will be discharged even at the stage of construction of this structure. You can build an ordinary cesspool, but it will also do.

Options for collecting effluent from a bath

The bathhouse is a small structure, and it is usually not used every day. Someone arranges for themselves water treatments in it once a week, some more often, but nevertheless there is certainly no such intensive flow from it as from home. Therefore, it is possible to organize the collection of wastewater from the bath in two ways - it is to build a conventional accumulator next to it, or to build autonomous sewerage small size(in other words, a septic tank). Wherein last option can be homemade or store-bought. Let's take a closer look at the options for collecting wastewater from the bath.

Almost any capacity can become a storage device. ideal option will have sealed walls and bottom. The fact is that the effluent from the bath, due to the specificity of the use of this design, often contains a large amount of surfactants, soap inclusions and other things. When uncontrolled into the environment, such chemical compounds cause great harm to nature, since they decompose for a very long time. Accordingly, they can get into the aquifers, from where we ourselves collect drinking water. That is, we harm ourselves by draining dirty water just like that, into the street, into the soil under the bathhouse. Therefore, the tightness of the drive is very important.

Advice! If the choice was made in favor of the drive, then the easiest way is to purchase a large plastic tank and collect dirty water into it. Then you will not have to fiddle with the construction of the structure a lot, but such a "storage" will cost quite cheaply.

Any capacity can be used as a drive. You can build them yourself from car tires, concrete, brick. The main disadvantage of such structures is that water cannot go somewhere by gravity, which means that as the tanks are filled, they will have to be emptied. For these purposes, it is necessary to call special waste disposal machines or pump out the liquid with a pump on your own and take it for processing on your own. Fortunately, as we have already said, the bath produces a relatively small amount of water, and you don't have to call the flushers after each wash - they are invited when the tank is full.

But the most convenient and, unfortunately, more expensive and labor-intensive in the process (if it is self-made) of construction is a septic tank. It is a relatively small autonomous sewerage block in terms of dimensions, consisting of several chambers in which wastewater is purified due to the process of gravitational sedimentation of pollutants.

Attention! Water, even after all stages of purification in a septic tank, cannot be used for drinking. The fact is that it is extremely difficult to clean it from surfactants and other chemicals, even in industrial treatment facilities- for ideal cleaning, special reagents, coagulants, flocking agents are used. Simple sedimentation and subsequent filtration through soils is not enough for ideal water purification. However, in order to be able to safely release the treated wastewater into the ground, the work of an ordinary septic tank will be enough.

Septic tanks with and without pumping: pros and cons

To collect and purify wastewater from a bath, you can install two types of structures - a septic tank that needs to be pumped out, as well as a septic tank, which leaves the water on its own.

Septic tanks prices

We build a septic tank ourselves

A septic tank with your own hands can be built from different materials... It can be concrete rings, old car tires of large sizes, eurocubes. Some even create septic tanks from old metal barrels or lay them out by hand from bricks.

Very often, the owners of household plots create a septic tank from bricks, despite the fact that here you should have some skills in forming the correct masonry, and the construction time of this structure will be quite long.

On a note! A brick septic tank can have a square / rectangular and circular cross-section - it all depends on the desire of the owner of the site and the bath.

Advantages of building a brick septic tank:

relatively low material cost;
availability of material (you can use second-hand brick);
relative ease of installation;
the ability to easily lay pipes;
there are several options for construction (i.e., a septic tank may have different shape, which is easy to give him, working with the material);
you can build this version of a septic tank without the help of third parties.

Disadvantages of building a brick septic tank:

the tightness of the device is low;
for settling chambers, it is necessary to make waterproofing;
long construction period.

We build a septic tank from bricks

We will build a septic tank out of bricks with our own hands, having the following parameters:

top diameter - 2.4 m;
lower diameter - 1.9 m;
depth - 3.5 m.

Step 1. In the place chosen on the site, we make the border of the pit for the beginning, simply by digging the piece of earth we need with a shovel.

Step 2. Next, we begin to deepen the pit, removing the soil. Gradually digging a foundation pit required sizes... For convenience, we can lift the soil from the bottom using a simple winch. Be sure to align the walls of the pit during the digging process.

Step 3. At the bottom of the pit, we build a pillow of sand, crushed stone, filling it with a layer of about 20-30 cm. Prepare a place for the foundation on which we will lay the brick.

On a note! The bottom of the first chamber of the septic tank should be sealed and filled with concrete with reinforcement gaskets, and if a filtration well protrudes into the second chamber, then it will simply be partially covered with sand and rubble so that water can seep into the ground.

Step 4. We build the formwork and fill it with concrete. We are waiting for the solution to dry well and remove the formwork.

Step 5. We begin to lay bricks according to all the masonry rules. We put it inside the sump without gaps and cracks, well closing the cracks with a fastening solution, and in the filtration chamber, small holes can be left in the walls.

Step 6. It is imperative that during the laying of bricks we lay inlet and outlet pipes for waste water and water entering the post-treatment.

Step 7. Getting ready to fill the floor. We close the septic tank from above with boards. We install the formwork in the place where the hatch will be. We support the flooring from below wooden planks, with pillars so that nothing falls.

Step 8. We cover the surface with plastic wrap.

Step 9. We mount the reinforcement made of metal rods, laying it on a small height of the bars.

Step 10. Fill the prepared surface with concrete mixture.

Step 11. After the concrete is thoroughly dry, we remove the formwork from the inside of the septic tank. It remains only to install the hatch cover, and the design can be used.

Video - We build a septic tank from bricks

Biofilter

The need to use this device arises if it is not possible to build a traditional septic tank with a soil post-treatment system, since groundwater lie high enough. At the same time, the water that has passed even two chambers of the septic tank is still only 60% purified, and it is not possible to use it for irrigation because of the characteristic amber. Therefore, in order to bring the water to a more or less pure state, biofilters are used, where cleaning works carry out bacteria-anaerobes.

There are septic tanks in which such a filter is already available initially, but the cost of such installations is quite high. In this case, the biofilter can be bought separately and installed on a septic tank, made by hand. In terms of finance, this would be a smart decision.

After a septic tank appears near the bath, you can use it without fear for your own health and condition environment... And in order to make a septic tank yourself, it is important to have patience and the necessary materials.