Waterproofing a septic tank from concrete rings from the inside. Waterproofing a septic tank from concrete rings

iron wells concrete rings in our conditions need waterproofing. Waterproofing a well from concrete rings is an ordinary task, but the reasons for it are different. In wells for water made without high-quality insulation, the water becomes polluted and is not suitable for drinking. Septic tanks are subject to special requirements preventing the exit of household waste. The restrictions applied to wells narrow the list of materials and techniques for applying waterproofing.

Usually, well rings have locks at the ends. It is these locks that keep the stack of rings from shifting relative to each other.

At the very beginning, we need to distinguish between the types of wells that we may encounter:

• Wells under water. The well shell can pass unfiltered ground water, along with water, agricultural products, soil and much more get inside the well. As you can see, high-quality external waterproofing of wells with drinking water important from the moment of construction.
• Sewer wells or septic tanks. Here the situation is reversed. The hydrobarrier must prevent waste from entering the soil.
• Technological wells are a vertical descent to some premises below (usually to the premises of engineering systems and the like). For such wells, waterproofing is needed to protect against the destruction of the well itself and to prevent flooding of the room where it leads. Usually, such protection is mounted both inside and outside.

When arranging both a septic tank and a drinking well on the site, remember that there should be at least 15 meters between them and the septic tank should be located lower when looking at the terrain of the site.

A feature of the waterproofing of a well for drinking water is that the most effective waterproofing materials based on bitumen cannot be used: the taste changes and the materials can be harmful to health.

Consider the necessary work on waterproofing a well assembled from concrete rings.

A well made of concrete rings can flow not only at the joints of the rings. The rings themselves pass water through the cracks and capillaries of concrete. When inserting pipes or the well has a bottom, these places also require attention and high-quality waterproofing.

To achieve the best result, sealing the well from concrete rings is done both inside and outside.

External waterproofing of a well made of concrete rings

For all types of wells, the external waterproofing device is similar. External waterproofing is done completely up to the top edge.

Most types of waterproofing materials are not applied below 5°C.

At the stage of immersion of the rings, it is convenient to apply waterproofing. If you postpone waterproofing work for later, then you will need to dig a well to get to the outer wall. Almost always, this is an unjustified complication of work.

Preparing an existing well for waterproofing

The existing drinking well needs to be drained. Not only to pump out water, but also to protect from precipitation. When the wet spots on the concrete disappear, you can start work.

The outer surface is cleaned of everything foreign. There should be clean concrete. Loose concrete must be removed. If the reinforcement is exposed, then it is necessary to close it in this place with a protective layer of high-quality concrete.

Cracks and joints should be expanded to 2 cm and deepened to 2-3 cm. This is necessary so that the sealing composition holds better.

Bituminous waterproofing

Bituminous waterproofing materials are considered the most effective. For external waterproofing of wells, both mastics and bitumen-based roll materials are used.

1. The first stage is the priming of concrete surfaces. This is necessary for better adhesion and strengthening of the base. Wait for the soil to dry.
2. To strengthen the joints, you can use rubber waterproofing tape (or bentonite-rubber).
3. The next step is to repair cracks, chips and joints. Here you can use a cement-sand mixture with the addition of PVA glue (5 to 1) or use ready-made mixtures.
4. Re-priming.
5. The next step is to apply the mastic on the surface in an even layer. After drying, apply the next layer of mastic. There should be at least 2-3 layers in total.
6. On the last layer mastic glued rolled waterproofing. Tape the seams carefully.
7. The seams are additionally smeared with mastic.
8. Completes work on the external waterproofing of the blind area.

Protect your airways when working with waterproofing materials.

penetrating compounds

Deep penetrating waterproofing can be a good alternative to bitumen.

In this case, there is no need to prime the rings.

The composition is applied to the moistened surface in two layers without intermediate drying. After applying the penetrating waterproofing, the surface must dry for three days.

Follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Clay lock for a drinking well

So that surface water flowing down in the soil along the outer wall does not fall into the aquifer, it will not be superfluous to make a clay castle. This will divert the water, and it will go its usual way through the necessary layers of soil until it enters the aquifers already cleaned.

The clay castle is a layer of clay along the outer perimeter of the well.

The best time to make a clay castle is in early May. After subsidence of the soil. Work should be carried out in dry weather.

Previously, an area of ​​​​2-3 m is dug around the well. The fertile layer is removed. The soil is leveled and rammed. It is important to create a slight slope away from the well.

Clay should be wet and tight plastic. Clay should be free of stones and sand. Lay the clay on the formed slope in an even layer and tamp. For uniform laying of clay, we recommend sculpting balls and laying them tightly, and then tamping.

The thickness of the clay castle should be about 15 cm.

blind area

Before the complete shrinkage of the soil, and this will happen only after 2-3 years, it is impossible to make a monolithic blind area. Otherwise, the clay castle will be broken and surface and waste water will begin to flow into the well. It will be impossible to drink from such a well.

A monolithic blind area does not replace a clay castle.

Waterproofing from the inside of the well

Having finished with the installation of all the rings of the well, you can proceed to the internal waterproofing and arrangement of the bottom.

For internal waterproofing, you can apply:

• Special cement putty compositions;
• Bitumen heated or diluted in gasoline;
• Cement-polymer mixtures;
• Bitumen-polymer compositions;
• Polymeric waterproofing materials.

Please note: the first two options are the cheapest materials, but they cannot be used for drinking wells.

When preparing the inner surface of the well for waterproofing, water leaks from the outside will be detected, we recommend using the special fast-hardening cement composition Peneplag, AQUAFIX or their analogues. Still such compositions are called "hydraulic plug".

Sequence of work inside

The preparatory work inside and outside is the same. It is also necessary to clean the surface, expand cracks and joints (up to 2 cm wide and 2-3 deep), remove fragile concrete and cover the cavities and exposed reinforcement with a plaster composition (cement-sand mixture with PVA glue in a ratio of 5 to 1 or special composition).

The same mixture is also used to grout the joints of the rings from the inside.

After a day, you can continue processing.

A cement-polymer composition of penetrating waterproofing is applied to the entire inner surface.

The prepared mixture of penetrating waterproofing is applied to a slightly damp surface. Should be applied with a brush. A roller for round rings is a poor helper.

You need at least 2 layers. The previous layer must dry before applying a new one. This takes a day.

The concrete surface treated with penetrating waterproofing is ready to work in water in 3-7 days.

For details on the technology of applying the composition, see the instructions for it.

Waterproofing of a septic tank and technological wells

A multi-chamber waste septic tank consists of several wells interconnected. The last of them is filtration and does not require waterproofing. Groundwater entering the filtration well will not cause harm. The parameters of the septic tank can be prompted by the environmental service.

The remaining two chambers of the septic tank must be well waterproofed.

Preparation for applying waterproofing consists of draining and cleaning the skeptic and excavation to access the outer walls.

Joint processing

At the bottom of the well, built of concrete rings, a slab with a crest is placed, on which the ring is then placed. It is from the bottom that you need to start waterproofing. Comb slab before installation with a bituminous primer and 2-3 layers of bituminous mastic. Each new layer is applied after the previous one has dried.

The concrete surface is primed on both sides.

From the inside, a coating of waterproofing is applied to the joint. bituminous mastic. You can apply other types of waterproofing, but it will be either less effective or more laborious.

The outer surface is covered with mastic in 2-3 layers. If necessary, rolled waterproofing materials are laid.

Processing of pipes and transitions

As you know, a septic tank consists of several well chambers. The joints of wells and pipes require more careful processing.

Seal the joint with a waterproofing cord and fill it with a plaster cement-polymer composition.

The joints of the pipes and the pipes themselves must be coated with a primer and bituminous mastic in 2-3 layers.

For insulation with rolled material, use special bitumen or bitumen-polymer tapes for hard-to-reach places or heat strips of rolled waterproofing.

Any water supply and waste disposal system requires maximum protection against leaks and penetration of ground moisture into the tanks. The issue of waterproofing is especially acute when constructing wells from concrete rings, which are part of autonomous sewerage or source of drinking water.

For sewer tanks, it is extremely important to maintain the isolation of the system, because leaks can significantly worsen the condition of soils and groundwater in the area where wells are installed. That is why the waterproofing and sealing of structures made of concrete rings remains one of the most important tasks during their installation and maintenance.

Specificity of additional processing

The construction of a well from prefabricated concrete elements is in demand when arranging an intake point for technical or drinking water or a sewer system. In the first two cases, groundwater leakage into the reservoir is especially dangerous, since the quality of the water in it deteriorates sharply.

drinking spring

Surface waters are less suitable for use, because they are more polluted with fine particles of soil and sand, as well as various microorganisms. If even a small amount of such water enters the drinking water supply system, the human body can be seriously harmed.

Wastewater

In the case of sewer systems, waterproofing helps to protect the environment from the ingress of untreated sewage. In addition to a large amount of organic matter, such waters are a source of pathogenic bacteria, which negatively affects human health and plant life.

Renovation of the insulation layer

The main processing of concrete rings is carried out at the stage of well construction, because concrete itself is a moisture-permeable material. Signs for renewal of coverage may include:

• rapid and excessive filling of the sewer tank;
• noticeable displacement of elements relative to each other;
• the presence of suspension in the water taken from the well.

If such phenomena occur, an immediate update of the waterproofing and sealing of the joints is required.

Materials for processing

The choice of ways to protect against moisture penetration is largely determined by the specifics of the structure itself and the properties of concrete rings as its main elements. In fact, such processing can be divided into two blocks:

• surface treatment of prefabricated elements;
• protection and sealing of seams and joints with the pipeline.

In the first case, various mastics and coating materials are most often used. And to work with seams and holes, special construction adhesives or solutions are additionally used with the introduction of water-repellent additives.

Recently, the method of sprayed concrete has been increasingly used to protect structures. This approach allows you to cover the structure with a uniform layer of mineral mixture. Also, special membranes that reliably protect the structure from leakage are becoming increasingly popular.

Coating and roll materials

The most popular and easy to use are a variety of mastics based on bitumen, liquid rubber, polymers and their composites. Most often they are used for outdoor processing. For wells providing water supply, the use of such materials from the inside is undesirable due to the possibility of gradual emission of harmful substances from composites into drinking or process water.

Waterproofing with such compositions is carried out in several layers using additional non-woven reinforcing meshes made of polyester fibers.

Mastics, paints and liquid rubbers after polymerization provide additional sealing not only of seams and joints, but also of the entire surface of the concrete ring. Closing the pores of the material prevents the gradual penetration of moisture.

Roll materials made on a soft frame are great for treating the surface of a well. Depending on the type of their fastening, such composites are used alone or in combination with mastics. Processing with such composites is easy to do with your own hands, which makes them leaders among waterproofing materials.

Polymer membranes

Recently, various film materials with limited permeability have become more and more in demand. Waterproofing with such composites is facilitated by the presence of an adhesive layer that simplifies the fastening of the membrane.

Such films make it possible to completely eliminate the possibility of moisture penetrating into the well, made of concrete rings. And they do an excellent job of protecting the seams.

But membranes are unable to cope with the sealing of all joints and joints on their own, therefore they are often used in conjunction with polymer mastics. In addition, it must be remembered that any damage to the surface of the film leads to a complete loss of its effectiveness as a waterproofing.

Mixtures based on mineral binders

The mixture supply technology assumes the presence of a special installation that creates excess pressure. Thanks to this method of application, the material is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the concrete rings, filling the seams between them and various surface defects.

This method of waterproofing and sealing can be used both from the inside and outside. With the correct selection of the composition of the mixture and professional application, the protective layer does not require additional processing.

In the case of a lining inside a drinking water well, it is best to further insulate it with any suitable paint or membrane. Such a system will completely protect water from the penetration of various substances.

Protective layer technology

Waterproofing a well made of reinforced concrete rings can vary significantly depending on the time of its implementation. So at the stage of building the tank, the preparation consists only in cleaning the surface from dust and various contaminants.

In the case of working with an existing well, it is required to ensure the complete release of the tank, its drying and cleaning. When performing waterproofing and processing seams with your own hands, it is best to choose the simplest protection methods to perform, for example, mastics and coating materials, as well as their combination with membranes.

Surface preparation

After draining the well, its entire surface is cleaned of the old waterproofing material, as well as the remnants of soil, sand and dust. To improve the adhesion of the selected composite, the entire area of ​​the tank can be coated with special primers.

The distance between adjacent rings is cleaned of the old mortar and additionally primed. We must not forget that it is at the joints that the main leakage of effluents or seepage of surface water into the reservoir can occur.

During the first treatment, it is only necessary to thoroughly clean the surface of the entire tank and additionally prime it.

Application of insulating composites

Any coating material is applied in 2 or 3 layers, providing them secure fastening due to additional reinforcement with polyester fiber. For primary application, 4 mass parts of gasoline, white spirit or other permitted solvent per 1 part of mastic are introduced into the composite. The prepared material is best applied with a brush or roller.

2 - 4 hours after application, before complete polymerization, a reinforcing fabric is laid on the surface of the waterproofing and a second layer of the composite is applied. Dilution is no longer required, so the mastic is best heated and applied with a spatula. As a result, the second layer penetrates the first, and the polyester fibers provide a secure fastening of the insulating material.

After applying the second layer within 2 hours, a special roller with spikes is passed over the surface of the composite to remove trapped air.

Membranes and films are produced with an already applied adhesive layer, so they only need to be pressed to the surface and smoothed out to remove trapped air. Their fastening is carried out after the applied mastic has hardened, that is, 24 hours after applying the coating composites.

Most often, membranes are used to protect the inner surface of the well from emissions organic matter from the waterproofing layer. Such treatment is necessary for reservoirs providing water supply.

Protection of seams and joints

Processing of seams is carried out before applying a layer of waterproofing over the entire surface of the well. After assembling individual rings, the seams are additionally sealed with a classic solution of 1 mass part of cement and 3 parts of sand with the introduction of 1–2% liquid glass or 0.1% organosilicon water repellent. This treatment provides additional protection for the space between the rings.

Holes for water pipes are processed at the very end. The waterproofing of these elements is carried out in several stages, after the installation of the couplings.

Base insulation

Sewer wells for receiving wastewater and primary sedimentation must be additionally protected at the base. It is important to waterproof and seal the seams exactly at the junction of the first ring and the concrete pedestal. Attention to the base will avoid leakage of drains and protect the soil and groundwater from contamination by pathogenic bacteria.

Carefully executed well protection will ensure the long service life of the entire structure, as well as greatly simplify its maintenance.

Sealing the inner surface

First of all, it is worth finding out when it is necessary to seal concrete wells.

So, it is necessary in the following cases:

• if the water began to smell unpleasant and turned cloudy (this applies to drinking wells);
• when the concrete rings moved out;
• when the liquid level in the structure has risen significantly.

How can I seal a concrete well from rings?

There are several ways to seal seams, these include:

• application of plaster;
• the use of roll material (after application, it is painted);
• putty with a mixture (gasoline + bitumen);
• inserts in the structure.

It is also worth noting that two mixtures are used for the plastering process (the first: waterproof, which does not shrink; the second: high-quality pozzolanic).

Let's take a closer look at how to putty seams.

First method: plastering

Application of plaster

For work, a special gun is required.

1. Lay the first layer of the composition. Its thickness must be at least 7 cm.
2. They begin to coat the second time only after the first layer is completely dry. It usually takes about two weeks to dry.

If you carry out work in the summer (especially in the heat), then in the process of laying a layer of cement with an interval of three hours, the mixture should be doused with cold water. In cool weather, it is enough to pour over the solution with water once a day.

On a note: It is possible to get to work (apply layers of mortar) only if the air temperature does not fall below five degrees.

The second method: the use of roll material (roofing material)

Ruberoid is used for pasting the surface. Apply such material first once, then the second (or more). This method is mainly used for septic tanks.

The third method: the use of a mixture of bitumen + gasoline

This method involves laying the mixture in three layers.

First of all, it is worth noting that the composition of the mixture of the first layer differs from the remaining two. For the initial coating, a composition of ¼ is used (a smaller part is bitumen, a large part is gasoline). For the remaining two layers, a 1:1 ratio is used.

Fourth method: inserts

1. Fluid is pumped out of the structure. The roof is removed. The pipes are removed (more precisely, their ends). As a result, the hole becomes larger in diameter.
2. Load the insert. A branch pipe is pre-welded to it, which is fastened with a coupling to the track.
3. The insert is filled with water.
4. Pour the composition into the resulting space.

In this case, the liquid level should be 20 cm above the level of the mixture.

What material to use to seal the well from the concrete rings from the inside?

bentonite cord

Currently, there are many different sealants that are used for concrete well rings.

Seams in the well can be sealed with foam, inserts, sealing tapes, concrete mortars and other substances / devices that can be found on the construction market.

Advice: Seal the seams with sealing tape is the easiest. Such material is capable of sealing a seam seven millimeters thick.

However, most owners of private houses prefer to use a solution consisting of cement and PVA glue to seal the joints in concrete wells. After mixing the two components, a thick composition is obtained. A spatula is used to putty such a solution.

Do-it-yourself sealing from the inside of the well. Technology

1. Water is pumped out of the structure. This can be done with a pump or by hand. Pumping continues until the bottom of the joint appears. Until the process of sealing the seams is completed, it is necessary to monitor the water level.
2. The surface is cleaned of dirt and other foreign bodies. Weaknesses and vulnerabilities are identified.
3. The slots are torn off to a depth of 30 mm. To do this, use a metal brush.
4. The joints of the links are embroidered to a depth of 25 mm. If water began to penetrate, then the seams should be covered immediately.
5. With the help of mixtures, all existing cracks and holes are closed.
6. Apply insulating material.
7. The insulating substance is applied in two layers.

Bottom sealing

well bottoms

To create the desired centering of the lower link, it is necessary to lower the plate with the crest on the bottom. The resulting seam is smeared. This process can be done in several ways:

1. Until the first link has been installed, an insulating cord is put in its place. Under the influence of moisture, it increases in volume, as a result of which all seams are securely clogged.
2. This process can also be carried out using roll material. The bottom is cleaned of dirt. Then a bitumen composition is applied, which is subsequently covered with a rolled material. For reliable protection put the material in several layers. After that, the bottom is covered with gravel, ten centimeters high.
3. To seal the seam between the bottom and the link, you can use a concrete composition. After application, this place is glued with tape.

Joints between rings

In order to avoid problems in the future, before you start laying the rings, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing of the inner walls.

Attention: It is worth noting that the methods of sealing are practically the same. To do this, use either a coating or a roll coating (for the outside).

Video about waterproofing seams and repairing a well

Rain and melt water- this is the very first enemy of the well, which leads to the inevitable contamination of the source of clean water. If you do not take any steps to seal it, then in the next five years you will have to face such an uncomfortable moment as cleaning and disinfecting the well. The process is unpleasant and time-consuming, since there are technologies that allow, if not to get rid of it completely, then at least to postpone it for a long time. It is these technologies that will be discussed in this article, in which, together with the moyadacha.org website, we will deal with the question of how a well can be waterproofed?

Waterproofing the well from the inside from groundwater photo

Well waterproofing: old-fashioned method

Oddly enough, but the method by which waterproofing of a well from concrete rings can be done with your own hands, which was used by our distant ancestors, is still relevant to this day - it is difficult to come up with a simpler and cheaper technology. Moreover, it can be called an environmentally friendly technology, since it involves the use of exclusively natural materials - in particular, clay and gravel. What is this technology and what does it look like? I'm not afraid to repeat myself again, but this technology looks, one might say, elementary. Judge for yourself.

The technology is good, and most importantly, reliable and time-tested. But not without drawbacks - it still does not provide complete tightness. Ninety percent, no more, but, you know, it's very good. To achieve complete waterproofing of a concrete well is possible only with the help of additional sealing of the seams between the rings of the well. This can be done in various ways, which we will talk about further.

Waterproofing the well from groundwater: sealing the seams between the rings

Today, there are quite a few different materials that allow you to seal and seal the joints between the concrete rings of the well - all of them cope with the tasks assigned to them with equal success. Consider the most commonly used materials in this case.

More details about this process can be seen in the attached video.

The method, of course, is good, but without the previous version with clay, it is ineffective. To date, there is a more effective option for sealing the well from the inside, which involves the use polymer materials- low-pressure polyethylene and polypropylene. We will talk about this further.

Well lining: its advantages and disadvantages

What is a lining? Simply put, this is the application of a plastic coating to the inner walls of the well. This is not only complete sealing, but also reliable protection of concrete rings from destruction. Lining can be done both in a new and in an old well - this is an excellent option for restoring the source without replacing the rings. And this is not all the advantages provided by the lining of wells with polyethylene sheets. Additionally, the following can be noted.

How is this waterproofing of concrete rings made? To begin with, the well is drained. Then its walls are washed and all detected damage is repaired with cement mortar. Further, a special adhesive composition is applied to the surface of the rings, on which polyethylene or polypropylene sheets are glued. Precise trimming is important here - the sheets must be joined very accurately into the ring, since the final stage of the work on the lining of the well is the soldering of the joints. For this purpose, you can use a powerful building hair dryer, equipped with a special nozzle that creates a thin jet of hot air. In general, the matter is both simple and complex at the same time - it is difficult because it is replete with a mass of nuances that, if necessary, can be learned and comprehended by experience.

And in conclusion, the topic of how the well is waterproofed, it remains to add not so much. In particular, to say that it is best to produce it immediately after the construction of the well - and this must be done very efficiently. In this regard, you can even resort to the use of concrete rings with a ready-made lining - the so-called GIS rings can stand almost forever. The only "but" is their cost - but by going to such expenses, you can be sure of the initially high performance of the source and its durability with low operating and maintenance costs.

Moyadacha.org

Technique for waterproofing a well from concrete rings

Wells with spring water are sometimes the only source of water supply for personal plot. As a rule, they are constructed from concrete rings of different diameters. But there is one important point, missing which you can face a number of troubles. Through the joints that are formed at the seams of reinforced concrete elements, groundwater can seep, which is far from drinking norms.

In this case, the waterproofing of the wells, which is a protective layer that seals the seams and prolongs the life of the well itself, will help prevent undesirable consequences, as it preserves the internal reinforcement of the rings from destruction.

Why take protective measures?

As mentioned earlier, concrete wells are vulnerable to leaks and groundwater seepage at the seams that connect the rings. Another weak link reinforced concrete structures the junction of communications with the lower segment of the structure is considered. This process occurs due to the porous structure of the material from which the well elements are poured.

Moisture accumulates in micropores and starts the process of destruction of the material, which is accompanied by the appearance of fungi and mold organisms that multiply in wet soils. All this affects the quality of drinking water. It becomes cloudy and acquires a rotten aftertaste. Along with groundwater, mud and sand pass through the pores.

Types of insulation materials

There are special materials that are used to process wells from the outside and from the inside. If you decide to do all the work yourself, it would be useful to collect as much useful information as possible about the processing technology and the means used in the waterproofing process.

Two-component products

This type of material is sprayed onto the outside of the rings. The composition is sprayed using special equipment with nozzles, which makes it possible to process everything hard-to-reach places. The reinforced structure of concrete and the joints of the seams become inaccessible to the penetration of impurities and dirty water.

Two-component formulations are completely safe for health, so no additional protective measures are required when working with them. They are made from non-toxic, environmentally friendly components, which is important in this field of application.

Bitumen-polymer mastics

Very reliable means that can be used in all without exception climatic zones.

Mastics with bitumen, which formed an elastic layer after application, are not afraid of sudden changes in temperature and perfectly withstand the pressure of groundwater on the surface of reinforced concrete walls and at the joints.

Coating waterproofing

This category includes different types means that reliably protect concrete rings from moisture. The calculation of mixtures for such coatings is carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions, and they are applied to the processing sites with a spatula.

The composition of the products may vary (depending on the manufacturer and brand), but they are all absolutely safe for humans and the environment.

For the application of such insulation, additional preparation of the walls and seams of the well is not required.

It dries very quickly and creates a stable film that resists moisture penetration and other external factors. The indisputable advantage of the coating agent is its low cost.

Roll materials

This type of insulation is used for outdoor work and protects the outer walls of concrete wells from groundwater seepage. The processing of well structures is carried out using PVC films and other similar roll materials with bitumen.

Waterproofing materials for protecting concrete wells from moisture and dirt are durable and can last from 10 to 50 years (depending on the type and manufacturer) without additional processing.

Insulation process

Waterproofing structures made of concrete rings consists not only of processing the seams, but also provides for reliable protection of the entire surface. The whole process consists of several stages and is carried out strictly according to technology.

Tools

To carry out the work you will need the following tools and fixtures:

• flashlight;
• wall chaser;
• metal brush;
• putty knife;
• brush for liquid formulations;
• sprayer (for some materials).

Joint processing

At the very beginning of work, it is necessary to deepen the seams with a wall chaser. To do this, U-shaped cuts are made with a cross section of 2.5x2.5 cm. With their help, the contact area of ​​the sealants and the treated surfaces is increased. In the same way, the place of the junction of communications (if they are provided) is ditched.

After clearing the necessary areas with a metal brush, the well rings are carefully cleaned of dirt and dust that appeared due to the deepening of the seams. In the end preparatory phase strobes are washed with water.

Surface preparation

In order for the waterproofing of wells to be of high quality and last for many years, it is necessary to ensure high adhesion.

To do this, it is not enough to remove only dirt and dust, it will require a deeper cleaning of the surface from efflorescence, sagging and laitance. All these phenomena disrupt the penetration of waterproofing components into the concrete structure.

It is necessary to scrape off the loose layer until the surface becomes hard. If reinforcement appears during the grinding process, it must be treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Joint waterproofing

At this stage, it is necessary to moisten the joints before applying primers. In order for the work to be done efficiently, one coat of primer will be enough. After its complete absorption, a coating mixture is applied to the strobes (with a layer of at least 3 cm). The mastic should set, and the process (primer-mastic) is repeated up to two times.

If the waterproofing of wells is carried out at the stage of construction of the structure, the joints between the rings can be glued with a special tape. In places where communications are supplied, they are treated with sealants that are designed for this type of work. To check the correct sealing of the joints, you need to pay attention to the tight fit of the reinforced concrete rings inside and out, between which voids, gaps or cracks should not be visible.

Ring surface waterproofing

The last stage of sealing drinking wells will be enhanced processing of the entire surface of the structure from the inside.

As in the case of seams, concrete walls are primed and a polymer mixture is applied to them in several layers (usually 2 - 3), taking breaks between each subsequent application to dry the material.

External processing

External walls are waterproofed using polyurea or roll materials. This procedure can be carried out after the final drying of all seams.

Some types of such insulation are fixed on the walls of the well by fusing, but the main part is glued to a special composition.

sewer wells

It is equally important to take care of the sealing of the sewer septic tank, in which wastewater accumulates and is cleaned. Here it is necessary to take into account the fact that in this case we are dealing with sewage that can seep through concrete walls into the soil and pollute The groundwater. In wet soils, the joints between the rings are damaged faster, so the danger emergency grows stronger every year.

Waterproofing of sewer wells is carried out using a technology similar to that applied to drinking structures. All work on the processing of sanitary wells can be done by hand. However, the quality of waterproofing materials must be monitored very carefully.

isoler.ru

Well waterproofing - how to do it yourself?

Well waterproofing

Well waterproofing

A well on a personal plot is a classic version of autonomous water supply. With the right choice of the place of construction, with the observance of the technology of digging a well and the proper arrangement of its shaft and head, it will supply you with clean water for many years, suitable not only for domestic use, but also for food.

One of the most important factors that directly affect the quality of the water in the well is its waterproofing. Also, waterproofing is also necessary for dry wells, used, for example, as caissons.

Why is well waterproofing needed?

Well waterproofing

A water well is a complex engineering structure. After its construction, water should flow into it exclusively from the lower end of the well shaft. All other surfaces of the well must be strictly sealed. The exception is the upper end, through which water is taken, but it is also closed with a lid, which is removed only when water is taken.

Surprisingly, the waterproofing of wells is necessary not only for structures used as sources of drinking or industrial water. Work on sealing the walls of underground structures should be carried out in relation to all their main types.

1. Regarding water supply wells. Water in such a well, before it enters the mine, must necessarily go from the surface to the aquifer. At the same time, it interacts with the soil, which acts as a filter and is freed from contaminants. If the walls of such a well are leaky, then water will flow into it from the surface, which has not been sufficiently cleaned.
2. Another widely used option for a well structure is a septic tank. It may consist of several adjacent tanks, in each of which sewage is settled. After some time, partially purified water enters the next container, and then it is discharged outside, into a reservoir or a drainage well. If there are cracks and holes in the walls of the septic tank, then untreated sewage will penetrate into the ground, which is fraught with environmental troubles.
3. Another option for an underground structure is a caisson well. This is a technical room buried in the ground and designed to accommodate hydraulic equipment at the head of a water well. Usually, a pump, a hydraulic pressure accumulator, valves, and so on are placed in the caisson. high humidity or the penetration of water into the well-caisson is a serious problem, so the walls of such a structure must also be carefully waterproofed.

Well-caisson

Since the walls of any well shaft, regardless of its purpose, have two surfaces - internal and external, then the waterproofing of wells can be divided into internal and external. The latter are more labor intensive, but their effect is more significant. Such protection of the well shaft will not only prevent groundwater from entering it, but also protect its surface from erosion and destruction associated with adverse conditions deep in the soil layer.

We carry out external waterproofing of well structures

The main purpose of such work is to protect the well from the penetration of groundwater. At a shallow depth, such waters are still insufficiently purified and carry a lot of dissolved chemical elements, including fertilizers.

The most reasonable solution would be to carry out external waterproofing work during the construction of the structure. If you decide to improve the situation with tightness, after the completion of construction, you will have to choose a large amount of land. However, even such a time-consuming approach can be beneficial if the standpipe or other well is in an ideal location and performs well.

We select the necessary materials

To carry out work on external waterproofing, stock up on the following materials:

• purchase roll or sheet waterproofing. Also, work can be carried out using special mastic. All these insulation materials are usually based on bituminous mastic, they may also contain polymer additives that increase the service life;
• to repair major damage and chips and form blind areas around the head of the well, you will need a cement-sand mortar. Liquid clay can be added to it;
• around the well shaft in the depths of the earth and on the surface, it is necessary to create a so-called hydraulic lock. It is formed from a mixture of crushed stone and softened clay.

How external waterproofing of wells is carried out

Work on the external waterproofing of the well must be carried out in the following sequence.

Free the outer surface of the concrete well shaft from the soil. It is necessary to "bare" about 3-4 meters in depth.

Inspect the outer surface. Any areas with loose concrete surfaces must be removed. To do this, you can use both a jackhammer and a regular physical and simple sledgehammer.

Clean the outside of the well shaft of any dirt, debris, buildup, vegetation, microbial colonies, or mold. To do this, it is good to use a metal brush - manual or in the form of a nozzle on a drill. After mechanical cleaning, sweep away the resulting dust.

If during the cleaning work metal fittings are exposed, its ends must be cleaned of rust and treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

We proceed directly to waterproofing. To do this, you can use the two most common technologies.

We protect the surface with rolled waterproofing

Roll waterproofing

1. A primer layer is applied to the outer surface of the well. It will provide reliable adhesion between the concrete surface and the waterproofing layer. As a primer, you can also use a solution of bitumen with gasoline. It must be applied in three or four layers. When using such a solution, carefully observe fire safety measures.
2. After the primer layer has dried, we proceed directly to the insulating work. We fill large potholes and cavities with cement-sand mortar, forming the most even outer surface. In addition to the classic cement-sand mixture, you can use a cement mortar with thick PVA glue.
3. We carry out another priming of the surface.
4. We coat the outer walls of the well shaft with mastic based on bitumen or tar.
5. Three or four layers of rolled waterproofing are glued onto the bituminous layer using a blowtorch. The sheets must be overlapped so that the seams in one layer do not coincide with the seams in another layer. Additionally, the seams between sheets of roofing material are also smeared with bitumen-tar mastic.

We carry out waterproofing with impregnation

1. After stripping outer surface when using this method, its priming is not performed.
2. We moisten the outer surface of the shaft with water, and then apply a special waterproofing impregnation (for example, sold under the Penetron trademark) to it. Such compounds not only protect the surface, but also penetrate deep into the concrete structure.
3. The second layer of impregnation is applied three days after the first one.

Torketing the outer surface of the well shaft

Shot process

1. This method of waterproofing is carried out using a cement gun. After exposing the concrete surface of the mine and cleaning it, a cement layer up to 7 millimeters thick is applied to it with a gun.
2. The maturation of the layer occurs within a couple of weeks, at this time every day it must be shed with water to protect it from drying out.
3. After that, another layer of cement is applied.

When carrying out waterproofing in any way, it must cover the entire outer surface of the well shaft from the bottom of the pit to the upper end.

After waterproofing works are carried out backfilling excavation. To do this, it is advisable to use a mixture of gravel with liquid clay. Such a solution will create an additional barrier to the penetration of groundwater.

A blind area of ​​concrete mortar is poured around the head of the mine. It should have a slope from the walls of the well to the periphery.

Directly under the blind area, you can lay a layer of clean mashed clay, which will be a reliable waterproofing barrier.

We carry out internal waterproofing of the well

If for one reason or another it is not possible to carry out a full-scale waterproofing of the outer surface of the well shaft, you can consider the option of carrying out internal waterproofing.

To carry out such work, you can use ready-made waterproofing mixtures having different trade marks. Among them are the following products:

Conventional bituminous mastic has excellent waterproofing properties.

We carry out internal waterproofing of wells

Work on the internal waterproofing of the well begins with pumping water. It is necessary to pump out before the joint between the lower rings of the well is exposed. In the future, during work, the pump will have to be turned on constantly to prevent the water level from rising.

We prepare the surface: we clean with a chisel, a metal brush all the “weak” or suspicious places. If you find cracks in the concrete, then punch them all the way down with a chisel and chisel them at an angle.

The joints between the well rings should be broken to a depth of 3 centimeters. If an intense leak occurs during the destruction of weakened areas, it is necessary to use the Aquafix tool, which acts as a kind of quick-action hydraulic lock that instantly closes the holes in the well wall.

Potholes are sealed with specialized compounds, or with a mixture of cement with thick PVA glue. Such a solution has good adhesion and additionally prevents the entry of moisture.

After surface treatment and restoration of its condition, all internal walls are treated with a liquid waterproofing composition. It is advisable to treat the surface in several layers, achieving complete drying of the previous layer.

Carrying out waterproofing of individual elements of wells

In addition to carrying out work on emergency waterproofing, it is possible to protect the elements of a well of any purpose from moisture even at the construction stage.

Isolate the bottom of the well structure

If you are building a well-caisson to accommodate hydraulic equipment in it or a well as a reservoir for storing water, a suitable round concrete slab is laid on its bottom.

Before being placed at the bottom of such a well concrete slab- a slab with a comb is laid on a sand cushion on the ground. It will allow you to accurately center the laid round concrete bottom. There is a gap between the concrete walls and the bottom, which must be sealed. It can be done in the following ways:

1. Lay a waterproofing cord on the ground before placing the concrete circle. It may consist of a mixture of concrete and rubber. Inside such a cord there are granules that increase under the influence of moisture and expanding in volume by 3-4 times tightly seal the gaps between the bottom and walls.
2. You can also protect this area with rolled waterproofing. We clean the bottom and adjacent sections of the walls from debris and weak areas. We cover the surface with bitumen-tar mastic and apply sheets of roofing material in several layers using a blowtorch, so that the joints of the sheets do not match. About 10 centimeters of gravel can be poured over the waterproofing at the bottom of the well.
3. In the same way, using quick-setting compounds, ready-made mortars or a mixture of cement with PVA glue, waterproofing of the joints between the well rings is carried out. Do not forget that after applying the restoring composition, it is imperative to place a layer of liquid waterproofing on top of it.

As you can see, carrying out work on external or internal waterproofing of well structures is quite hard work, but, nevertheless, they may well be performed independently. Detailed Process you can see the application of a protective layer on the well shaft in the video tutorial below.

Video - Well waterproofing

Well waterproofing

Scheme of arrangement of the head of the well

Roll waterproofing

Ways of penetration of groundwater into the well

Shot process

Well waterproofing

Liquid waterproofing with impregnation

Well-caisson

The head of the well is covered with a waterproofing layer

Waterproofing compositions

The water in the well can also be contaminated from the outer surface of the mine

kanalizaciyaseptik.ru

Waterproofing a well from concrete rings on wet soils

If you think that waterproofing a well is a procedure that should not be given too much attention, then you are greatly mistaken. Poor-quality waterproofing or its absence, soon after the commissioning of the facility, will make itself felt by a decrease in the quality of drinking water, pollution of the source and many other problems. At the same time, all work on waterproofing the water intake structure should be carried out in accordance with the standards of SNiP. High-quality sealing and waterproofing will extend the life of the structure, during which the source will provide you with clean, drinkable water.

An example of external waterproofing of a well of a well with coating mastic

Not only drinking wells, but also other hydraulic structures on your site are subject to moisture protection. Depending on the use of the structure, the purpose of waterproofing can be different:

1. According to the requirements of SNiP, all drinking wells are subject to thorough waterproofing to protect them from the destructive and polluting action of groundwater. The thing is that effluents from various enterprises, feces, chemicals, precipitation, decomposed organic matter and much more get into the groundwater. If such polluted waters fall into the well, then it is impossible to drink from the source. Even boiling will not help.
2. Also, the rules of SNiP require that waterproofing of sewer wells be carried out. In this case, this measure will protect groundwater from infiltration of decomposition products of wastewater from a septic tank or sewer well into them.
3. In technical wells, waterproofing will prevent water from entering the structure and the development of corrosion processes on equipment, valves and branching of water pipes.

Well waterproofing is divided into two types:

• external - the most time-consuming and effective;
• internal.

Attention: to increase the effectiveness of ongoing activities, it is better to do both internal and external insulation at the same time.

External insulation

Internal waterproofing of the seams of the well

The main purpose of external insulation work is to protect against the negative effects of groundwater. At the same time, it is necessary to minimize or completely neutralize such impact.

It is best to perform waterproofing from the outside even at the stage of erecting a hydraulic structure. If this has not been done at this stage, then in order to get to the outer surface of the walls of the well, it will be necessary to do a large amount of earthwork. Although in any case it is more profitable and cheaper to repair an old well than to build a new one.

What will be needed?

SNiP standards allow external insulation work using the following materials:

• To seal the well from the outside, rolled bitumen materials are most often used, for example, roofing material, as well as special mastics for it. Instead of roofing material, you can take penetrating waterproofing.
• You will also need cement mortar. It will help repair the seams, eliminate damage and cracks in the walls, and also perform a blind area.
• To protect the hydraulic structure from precipitation, it is necessary to make a so-called clay or sand and gravel castle. To do this, you will need clay, coarse sand, or a mixture of sand and gravel.
• Non-shrinking waterproof cement can be a good alternative to external insulation. To apply it, you need a cement gun.

Execution of work

For external waterproofing, it is necessary to dig a well and clean it from dirt.

To seal the well from the outside, it is necessary to prepare it. To do this, it is necessary to dig out the outer walls of an already operating structure to a depth of 4 m. All loose concrete from the walls should be removed with a jackhammer. Then the remains of concrete, salt deposits, dirt, moss and mold are washed off or cleaned off the surface. For cleaning, you can use different instruments- steel brushes, chisels, spatulas, a grinder or special nozzles for a drill.

Tip: if reinforcement is exposed during the cleaning of reinforced concrete rings, it should be cleaned of rust and treated with anti-corrosion compounds.

To perform external insulation work, you can use one of the three ways. Each of them does not contradict the requirements of SNiP.

Roll insulation method

An example of rolled waterproofing for wells

Sealing the well from the outside with the help of rolled bituminous materials is carried out in the following sequence:

1. First, a primer is applied to the outer surface of the reinforced concrete rings to improve adhesion to the material subsequently used.
2. When the primer dries, you can start repairing the walls of the well, if they need it. The seams between the rings are sealed. Using a solution, repair potholes, cracks, level the surface. When all repaired areas are dry, they are treated with a primer.

Tip: since the cement mortar can dry for a very long time, it is better to use a mixture of cement-sand mortar with PVA glue.

1. Next, a coating composition can be applied to the walls of the structure. Bituminous or tar mastic is suitable for these purposes.
2. After that, a rolled insulating material is glued to the surface. Usually do 3-4 layers. All seams between the strips of material are carefully smeared with mastic.

Impregnation Method

Impregnation forms a waterproof layer on the concrete surface

Waterproofing a well from concrete rings using deep penetration impregnations is performed in the following sequence:

1. Primer reinforced concrete walls do not need to be performed. The surface of the walls should be moistened.
2. After that, a deep penetration waterproofing mixture is applied. We pay special attention to the processing of seams between the rings.
3. Perform surface refinishing. And let it dry for three days.
4. To protect against cracking during the drying process, the surface should be moistened and protected from mechanical damage.

The method of shotcreting the walls of a structure

According to SNiP, the method of isolating reinforced concrete wells by means of concrete shotcrete is done in the following order:

1. With the help of a cement gun, concrete mortar is applied to the walls of the structure. In this case, the layer thickness should be at least 5-7 mm. We carefully process the seams.
2. The solution should set. This will take 10-12 days. During hardening, to protect against cracking, the surface is periodically moistened.
3. After that, perform the second layer and give it time to solidify.

After executing one method or another further work lead the same way. The space around the well can be filled up, that is, a castle can be made there. To do this, a sand-gravel mixture is first poured, then the soil is laid and the surface is compacted. Around the structure, a blind area is made of concrete with a slope from the walls of the well.

Internal insulation

To seal joints between rings and cracks, you can use a cement repair compound with polymeric additives MEGACRET-40

SNiP standards also provide for work on internal waterproofing. They should not be neglected even in the case of high-quality external protection. For work, you can use one of the following materials:

• A two-component cement-polymer mixture AQUAMAT-ELASTIC is suitable for insulating joints. It is applied by coating. Due to the environmental friendliness, the composition will not cause a decrease in the quality of drinking water.
• To seal joints between rings and cracks, you can use a cement repair compound with polymeric additives MEGACRET-40. The solution has good adhesion to the surface, is not subject to shrinkage, and is easy to apply.
• To fix the leak, the AQUAFIX quick setting compound is suitable. It hardens under the influence of water and is called hydrocork.

Stages of work

An example of applying a solution to the joints of well rings

According to SNiP, special attention should be paid to the processing of seams between the rings for internal insulation. Work from the inside is carried out in this order:

1. First, water is pumped out of the structure to a mark located below the lower joint. In the course of work, it is worth making sure that the water level is not higher than this mark.
2. Now it is worth preparing the surface of reinforced concrete rings. The walls are cleaned of silt, dirt and loose concrete. All seams should be cleaned with a stiff brush, and cracks should be opened.
3. Additionally, it is necessary to expand the joints to a depth of 2-3 cm. If a leak occurs during expansion, it can be eliminated with a hydraulic plug.
4. After cleaning the surface of dust and debris, all holes, cracks, seams and crevices should be covered with a repair compound with polymer additives.
5. After complete setting of the solution, it is possible to apply on the surface of reinforced concrete rings coating waterproofing. Before this, the walls of the well must be moistened. The composition is applied to the seams between the rings and the walls with a wide brush.
6. For better insulation of joints and reinforced concrete walls, the composition is applied in two layers. The second layer can be applied after the first one has dried without wetting the walls.

Attention: waterproofing of wells in wet soils is carried out so that its level is 50 cm above the groundwater level.

Additional work

Until the installation of the lower ring on the plate, a waterproofing cord is laid

According to SNiP, not only the walls of the structure, but also its bottom are subject to insulation. A plate with a comb is mounted on the bottom, which ensures the correct centering of the last ring. The joint between the slab and the walls of the well is subject to insulation. Waterproofing the bottom of the well can be done in several ways:

• Until the installation of the lower ring, a waterproofing cord is laid on the slab. It consists of special granules that expand under the influence of water, thereby reliably filling all the gaps.
• Roll material can be used to isolate the bottom of the communication well. To do this, the bottom is cleaned of debris, treated with bituminous mastic. After that, strips of roofing material are glued to the walls to a height of 10-15 cm. Usually roofing material is laid in 3-4 layers. After that, the bottom is additionally covered with gravel. Layer height 10 cm.
• Also, the seams between the bottom and the walls can be sealed with a repair compound. To do this, the first layer of the mixture is first applied, then the joint is glued with waterproofing tape, and then the second layer of coating is made.

seams

According to the requirements of SNiP, special attention should be paid to the processing of seams. This is best done during the construction of the structure. The following methods are used to isolate seams:

• During installation, this can be done using a bentonite-rubber cord. It is selected depending on the thickness of the walls of the well. In order for the insulation of the seams to be of high quality, when installing the rings, it is worth monitoring the absence of distortions.
• In old wells, from the outside, the joints are smeared with rubber-bitumen mastic, and then sealed with roofing material. To isolate the joints from the inside, a repair compound is first used, and then a waterproofing tape is glued, which is coated with two layers of a two-component cement-polymer mixture.

Widespread in our country, wells made of reinforced concrete rings have one significant drawback. The lack of rigid adhesion between adjacent structural elements, uneven edges and the tendency of concrete to crack result in a serious problem - the penetration of groundwater into the well shaft, the so-called perch. To prevent contamination of the source, it is necessary not only to properly seal the seams between the rings, but also to revise and repair defective areas.

Causes of leaks

The technology of building wells with shafts from modular reinforced concrete structures involves the installation of rings on a sand-cement mortar. Filling all the irregularities of the joint between the upper and lower rings, the building mixture must create a reliable barrier to melt and groundwater.

Contrary to popular belief, sealing with mortar from sand and cement is also needed for interlocked well modules. The presence of the latter prevents the displacement of the rings, but does not protect the joint from leakage.

Speaking about leaks between well rings, most often they recall the deterioration in the quality of drinking water, completely forgetting about the danger of the gradual destruction of the well shaft.

It should be noted that such a primitive waterproofing gives a positive result - the drinking spring shaft remains dry. However, the absence of leaks in the first years of operation is no guarantee that this idyll will continue forever.

As a rule, even on stable soils, after 4-5 years, the surface of the concrete shaft is covered with wet spots, which soon turn into dirty streaks and streams. You should not blame yourself or the builders for the fact that the work was done incorrectly. Most often, leakage occurs for completely different reasons:

1. A simple mortar is not designed for use in such harsh conditions. Constant humidity, temperature fluctuations and exposure to salts dissolved in water contribute to its cracking and destruction.
2. If a well is dug in a site with pronounced seasonal soil movements, then its trunk is subjected to regular mechanical stress. As a result, one can observe not only cracks at the joints, but also the mutual displacement of concrete rings in the horizontal plane.
3. In the northern regions, the upper rings are exposed to the forces of frost heaving. Because of this, they can not only move horizontally, but also move up and down.
4. Force majeure, expressed in the displacement or subsidence of the rings due to the appearance of a quicksand.
5. Poor-quality materials - in rings made in violation of technology, various defects may appear over time - through cracks, crumbled areas, etc.

The waterproofing of the well should be taken care of even at the stage of its construction - in the future it will save a lot of time and effort

If the well is being built with the simultaneous laying of rings, then very often even simple sealing with mortar is not performed. And in this and in other cases, it will be necessary to carry out a set of measures for reliable waterproofing of joints.

Methods for sealing joints in a well from precast concrete modules

To seal joints between concrete rings, you can use one of the following methods:

• plastering;
• sealing with rolled waterproofing;
• applying bituminous mastic;
• filling gaps with seals;
• the use of polymer inserts.

Choice specific method sealing depends on which well you have to deal with - under construction or in operation. In addition, construction technology, soil features, the depth of the source of drinking water and other factors will have to be taken into account.

Waterproofing	Peculiarities
	Mounting method	Efficiency hydroprotection	Safety	Durability	Special requirements	Price
Plastering	interior outer	high	high	average	No	average
rolled	outer	average	low	high	requires additional waterproofing	average
Bituminous	outer	average	low	high	requires additional waterproofing	average
Sealing materials	interior outer	low	average	low	requires additional waterproofing	low
Polymer liner	interior	high	high	high	No	high

It should be noted that the best results are obtained by a combination of several waterproofing methods - only in this case can one count on one hundred percent success.

Plastering

The use of special plaster mixtures is perhaps the most common method of waterproofing. The popularity of sealing joints with plaster is explained by both simplicity and accessibility, as well as the ability to carry out work from the inside and outside of the well. Sealing is carried out using spatulas, with which the mortar is pressed into cracks and cracks. The plaster is applied until the solution completely fills the gap, after which the liquid mixture is leveled over the joint surface.

Sealing joints with plaster is one of the easiest and most affordable sealing methods, which makes this method very popular with home craftsmen.

There is little point in using a conventional sand-cement mortar - there is a very high probability that over time it will crack and the seam will leak. It is best not to save money and use special compounds called hydraulic seals.

Manufacturers produce hydraulic seals "for all occasions" - if necessary, you can even find a composition that can instantly stop a leak with a pressure of up to 7 atmospheres

Made on the basis of aluminum cement, fine sand and chemically active additives, hydrostable mixtures have a reduced setting time and, in addition, have such necessary properties as frost resistance, strength and plasticity. With their help, you can not only close the dry joint between the rings, but also eliminate leaks under pressure.

Avoiding the question of specific brands of hydraulic seals, materials such as Penetron and Penecrete can be recommended for general cases. If you urgently need to fix a pressure leak, then choose Waterplug, Puder-Ex or Peneplug - they have a minimum hardening time and high adhesion in a humid environment.

Hydroseal is a high-tech quick-hardening composition, therefore, when preparing it, one should strictly follow the manufacturer's recommendations

The use of rolled waterproofing

As a rule, the section of a well shaft at a depth of up to 3 meters from the surface is exposed to the strongest impact of groundwater. In this case, the joints can be protected with roofing material or other rolled waterproofing. To do this, a ditch about a meter wide is dug around the well and a layer of waterproofing is melted or glued onto the upper rings.

External waterproofing must be welded or installed on a layer of glue - a simple wrap polyethylene film not to be missed here

For additional protection of the well from rain or melt water, the pit can be filled with clay. After thorough compaction, it will act as a hydraulic lock, preventing moisture from penetrating to the well shaft.

In addition to roll materials, special sealing strips can be found on sale. Unlike roofing material, they can be used to localize cracks from the inside.

Self-adhesive sealing strips have high adhesion to the concrete surface and can be used for waterproofing joints both outside and inside wells

Using bituminous mastic

For waterproofing with liquid bitumen, the rings are dug to the required height and thoroughly cleaned of dirt. After that, a resin (tar) dissolved in gasoline is applied with a wide brush. Since a thin film of bitumen for high-quality waterproofing will not be enough, at least three layers will be needed. For better adhesion to the concrete surface, the first penetration is made with a mixture in the ratio of 1 hour of resin to 4 hours of gasoline, and the other two - in a one to one ratio.

To seal the well from the outside, you can use both ready-made rubber-bitumen mastic and do-it-yourself tar

It should be noted that rolled waterproofing, like tar, in fact, cannot be attributed to environmentally friendly materials. For this reason, the joint surface on both sides is pre-protected with a layer of moisture-resistant plaster - it will serve as an additional guarantee that substances hazardous to health will not enter the well.

Before you start coating the outer part with a bitumen composition, the seams should be plastered

Sealing inserts

There are situations when reinforced concrete rings are worn out so much that their repair, as well as joint sealing, does not bring the desired results. In this case, you can use the most in an efficient way- install plastic liners inside the barrel.

With the help of a plastic liner, you can repair the most hopeless well

Such inserts are made from high-strength polymers and, depending on the diameter, have a wall thickness of 5 to 8 mm. On their outer surface there is a ribbing, thanks to which the cylindrical liners resemble a huge corrugated pipe.

The outer helical polymer rings play a very important role. They allow you to increase the rigidity of the structure and make it possible to connect plastic modules with virtually no gaps - in this way you can get a cylindrical pipe of any height.

Sealing a well with a polymer insert is a complex and expensive undertaking, so it is better to entrust this work to professionals.

The industry has mastered the production of sealing inserts for concrete rings of any diameter, so it will not be difficult to pick up a plastic cylinder in a well. Inserts could be called an ideal option, if not for one thing - this option is the most expensive of all considered.

The dimensions of polymer inserts correspond to the internal dimensions of standard reinforced concrete rings

Is there a folk alternative to expensive modern materials

If immediate measures are required to eliminate the leak, and the above methods seem too time-consuming or expensive, then the gaps between the rings can simply be caulked. Both special rubber or fiber-rubber strips, as well as flax fiber impregnated with fiber rubber, hemp or jute rope are suitable for embedding. Such materials are not in short supply - they can be easily found in retail outlets selling products for waterproofing pools. Sealing with sealing inserts eliminates gaps up to a centimeter wide and is nothing more than a temporary measure. Be prepared for the fact that over time the joints will need to be sealed with more durable materials.

With the help of improvised sealing materials, you can not only quickly eliminate the leak, but also save expensive filling composition when sealing wide joints

Of course, at home, it will not be possible to create a full-fledged replacement for hydraulic seals. However, craftsmen found a way out of the situation by adding liquid glass. Since such a composition hardens in less than a minute, sand and cement are first mixed in a 1: 1 ratio. One part of the alkaline solution is added immediately before applying the sealant to the joint or crack.

Video: sealing a well with a homemade hydraulic seal

Features of sealing wells from the inside

The waterproofing of the well column from the inside can be done both with the help of grouting compounds and materials, and using plastic inserts. In the latter case, it is better to entrust the work to specialists, but it is quite possible to seal the seams with plaster on your own.

The first thing to take care of is the construction of a comfortable and safe workplace. Do not think that using a rope ladder in your work is a practical and convenient option - you will change your mind already in the fifth minute of using it. Most often, a small shield suspended on strong ropes or steel cables is used for this purpose. Such a “cradle” is attached to a wooden beam or channel laid on the head of the well, and a powerful winch is used to lower it. As you have already understood, it will not be possible to do without assistants. In addition, you should take care of reliable insurance - it can be used as a strong rope tightly tied around the waist and attached to the support crossbar.

The waterproofing of the upper rings can be done using a conventional ladder attached to the head of the well

When repairing an operated well, water should be pumped out of it. This will clear the bottom of silt and, if necessary, restore the filter layer. In addition, long-term layers of dirt and mold must be removed from the inner surface of the trunk. There is no better tool than a pressure washer for this purpose. After complete cleaning concrete surface, you will be able to see the picture of destruction in detail and decide on ways to eliminate them.

You can easily and quickly clean the inner surface of concrete rings using a high pressure washer.

Sealing joints and cracks

To clean problem areas and seams between the rings, use a metal brush. Among other things, it will help to get a rough base to improve adhesion with the sealant. After that, the concrete is moistened with water and the plaster is applied. There are no difficulties here - the working mixture is pressed into the joints with force and rubbed over the surface.

It does not matter at all how the cracks will be filled - with a spatula or by hand. The main thing is that the sealing compound penetrates into the gap as deep as possible.

Only small cracks can cause difficulty - it is impossible to push the solution into narrow, thread-like cracks, and smearing the seal on the surface will not give any special results. In this case, the crack is widened with a hammer and a small chisel, trying to get a gap with a dovetail shape in cross section.

When sealing wide cracks and through holes a lot of working solution is required, therefore, in order to save expensive purchased formulations, you can cheat a little. To do this, the main part of the seal is made of a thick sand-cement mortar or fibrous-rubber plugging, filling only the outer part of the “patch” with factory waterproofing to a depth of 1-2 cm.

The lower and upper rings of the well shaft are most subject to shear.

What to do when the rings are displaced

If the shift of the concrete modules of the well shaft does not exceed 1/3 of the thickness of the rings, then the waterproofing is performed according to the above method. With a significant displacement, the trunk is dug up to the level of the damaged area and disassembled into its component parts.

Returning the removed links back, they must be laid on a layer of cement mortar and at the same time aligned with the lower ring. After that, the seams from the inside and outside are sealed with a special compound. We will return to the question of how to prevent a possible displacement of the rings in the future.

Step-by-step instructions for sealing joints and sealing a well shaft

Before proceeding with sealing the well, you should prepare the following tools:

• containers for mixing working solutions;
• metal brush;
• scrapers for surface cleaning or high pressure washing;
• spatulas;
• perforator or impact drill;
• wide paint brush with hard bristles;
• hammer;
• thin chisel.

To repair a well, you will need the simplest tools that any owner has.

Work should be done sequentially - so you do not miss a single detail. In each case, individual decisions are required, so there is no general algorithm. However, we present to your attention the maximum complete instructions for sealing well seams. We tried to consider the most important points in it so that you have a complete understanding of the nature and procedure for carrying out repair activities.

1. Preparatory stage. All functional and decorative elements are removed from the existing well, completely exposing the head. If necessary, the well shaft is dug up to the third or fourth ring, and the water is pumped out using electric pump. After that, the lifting equipment and the work platform are installed.
2. With the help of friends or relatives, they descend into the well. Using brushes, scrapers and a high pressure washer, they clean the surface of the trunk. This is best done from top to bottom. At the same time, each ring is carefully inspected, assessing the front of the upcoming work and the possible costs of the material (do not forget that the “lifetime” of factory hydraulic seals is measured in minutes).
3. Having sunk to the bottom, do not rush to clear it of silt. Firstly, during repair work, the bottom part will somehow become contaminated with debris and falling mortar, and secondly, this will provide an additional influx of water.
4. Having cleaned the surface, they begin to seal the joint, which is located above the water mirror. There is no point in sealing the rings that are installed below - this part of the well is located in the aquifer. Embedding is performed in sections of 10-20 cm, and vertical cracks should be plastered from the bottom up.
   

   Sealing dry cracks, as well as those from which water flows in small portions, does not cause difficulties. Difficulties arise with damage, from which the jet beats under pressure - the sealing composition is immediately washed out. In this case, at a distance of 25 cm below the leak, 1-2 drills with a diameter of 20-25 mm are performed - they will serve to redirect the flow. After the main crack is sealed, the holes are sealed with wooden pegs or rubberized tow and sealed with a thick layer of filling solution.

5. To protect the inner surface of the rings from fungi and mold, the entire concrete surface is covered with an antiseptic. Offhand, you can call quite good Nortex, Capatox or Ceresit CT-99 products.
6. After the last gap is closed, they sink to the bottom and clean the bottom filter. If necessary, the filter layer is restored.
   For more information on how to clean a well, see this article:
7. Having risen upward, they begin to seal the outer surface of the well shaft. To do this, the walls are covered with two or three layers of bituminous mastic (tar) or glued (melted) on them with rolled waterproofing.
8. The excavated trench is covered with soil and rammed, equipping a hydraulic lock made of oily clay near the surface. The thickness of its layer should reach the point of maximum freezing - this will be the key to a dry well mine during the spring floods.
9. Return to the place and, if necessary, repair the outer part of the well and the finish.

The operation of the well does not begin immediately. It is necessary to wait until it is filled to a normal level and completely pump out all the water. Only then can the source be considered usable.

Clay dumping should be equipped according to the rules, otherwise there will be no sense from such a hydraulic lock

How to prevent displacement of well rings in the future

You will have to put up with the displacement of the lower rings - digging the trunk to such a depth is an extremely time-consuming and expensive task. Since most often the shift occurs due to weak soil or quicksand, there is no guarantee that the trouble will not recur after the repair. As for the upper 2-3 rings, they should just be returned to their place without fail - this will make it possible to make high-quality waterproofing and thereby avoid flooding the mine with top water.

The use of well rings with seam locks prevents them from moving horizontally

The simplest thing that can be done to prevent horizontal movement of well rings is to replace them with hollow reinforced concrete modules with interlocks. For those who are embarrassed by additional costs, it is recommended to connect adjacent rings with strong metal brackets or thick steel plates. To do this, at a distance of at least 25 cm from the joint, holes are drilled into which a bracket is driven in from the outside. The edges sticking inward are bent and carefully sealed. If plates are used, then they are installed on both sides and fixed with bolts with a diameter of at least 12-14 mm.

Concrete rings can be connected to each other with metal brackets and straight or curved plates made of thick steel strip

The method of connecting rings using metal fasteners is widely used by experienced craftsmen when digging wells. Concrete modules fastened together settle down much better, since the lower links pull the upper ones with them. In addition, the likelihood that the rings in the water horizon will “float away” under the influence of quicksand is reduced.

On heaving soils, cracks in the joints appear due to the fact that the soil tries to push the upper rings up, lifting them above the other links of the well shaft. In this case, the trunk is dismantled to a depth below the calculated freezing point and the cylindrical modules are changed to conical ones.

Factory-made or hand-cast cone rings will remain in place even on the most heaving soil

Prefabricated cone rings are almost impossible to find, so you have to cast them yourself. The slope of the latter should be directed inside the structure and be from 10 to 15 degrees. Due to this, the pushing forces reverse their direction, pressing the upper concrete module against the well shaft.

Video: how to seal the seams in a well with a precast concrete shaft

Now you know how to repair cracks between concrete rings and how to prevent their occurrence. We will be glad if our advice and recommendations will help to make drinking water in your well tastier, cleaner and safer for health. Leave feedback on the article, share your own solutions to the problem and ask questions. Our experts will provide you with qualified assistance in the shortest possible time.