How to find a vein for a well. How to find water for a well? List of effective ways

are the best ways to resolve the issue. However, this can not be done everywhere - finding water for a well is a fairly responsible and important task.

With the wrong choice, you may encounter a number of problems - from a large amount of impurities to a slow filling of the source. So the question of how to find water for a well is quite important and relevant.

It should be noted in advance that it is better to combine the methods mentioned below - in this case, you will more accurately find a place where you can dig a well, in which there will always be drinking water.

1 On groundwater and its depth

Before deciding how to find water for a well, it will be useful to know where it comes from.

The reason for the appearance ground water is melt water and precipitation, as well as moisture from natural reservoirs that are nearby. Filtering through the ground, they rise close enough to the surface - thanks to which it becomes possible to create wells.

To do this, we should be interested in the aquifer - a sandy "layer", which is located between the soil, which is called waterproof (it can be clay or stones, for example).

It is in the sand that moisture accumulates (such areas are called underground lakes), and it is from here that it is easiest to extract it by digging a well.

Moreover, they can lie at different depths - due to the fact that the soil layers are not evenly distributed: they can have slopes in any direction (that is, be either deeper, or vice versa - closer to the surface).

Sometimes you can find a place where water can adjoin at a depth of 2-5 meters from the surface. This, by the way, is far from an advantage - the aquifer, which is located so close, can hardly be called of high quality: in hot weather and drought, the source can simply dry up (or the amount of water that the well gives will significantly decrease).

In addition, water, which is located so close to the surface (by the way, it is called top water for this reason) in most cases is not clean enough, has a larger amount of impurities, which means it will require.

2 The easiest ways to detect water

Despite the presence modern techniques and equipment, the use of the old methods is still common because they are quite effective. Of course, the result in this case will not be perfectly accurate, so in this way you can only look for a place for a well in the country.

First of all, you should pay attention to the trees, if any, on your site. This primarily applies to the following breeds:

• Birch;
• sedge;
• spruce or pine;
• alder.

These trees only grow in places where there is sufficient moisture and where the soil can feed their root system. Furthermore - water in such places is usually not too deep to the surface– which simplifies the process of work.

But an apple or cherry tree in moisture-saturated soil - on the contrary, it will grow poorly and produce quickly rotting fruits.

Alternatively, if there is no vegetation on the site, you can simply pay attention to the land itself. The simplest ways are:

1. In the evening after hot weather, pay attention to the surface of the site - is there any haze somewhere. If you notice its appearance, there is water in this place, and it is not too deep.
2. Pay attention to the relief - there is usually water in the lowlands and depressions.

As an option - if there is a reservoir near the site - you can determine the place of more in a complicated way. To do this, you need to approach a body of water (it doesn’t matter which one) and measure the air pressure with a barometer while standing on the shore.

After that you need to bypass own site and pay attention to the pressure - with a deviation of 0.5-1 mm of mercury, it can be said with great certainty that there will be water underground in this place, and it will not be deep.

You can also pay attention to the behavior of animals (cats, dogs - no difference) in hot weather: they accurately identify places with high humidity, and prefer to "rest" there. The dog may even begin to dig a hole - since the moisture cools the soil, and in the recess it will be possible to transfer the heat.

If you roughly figured out exactly where the place with aquifer underground is located, you can locally refine your guesses. This can be done using ordinary glass jars - just place them on the ground, neck on the surface, and leave overnight.

Condensation should form on the bottoms in the morning. The more moisture on the glass, the closer to the surface the water.

An alternative to banks is the usual salt or red brick (to search for water, it should be finely crushed). It will take material (no matter what) about 1.5 liters. It (either salt or a brick - one thing) needs to be poured into a clay pot and weighed, remembering (or better, writing down somewhere) the result.

After that, the container must be tightly wrapped with gauze and buried in the soil where you have determined the aquifer - by about 45-50 centimeters. A day later, the pot can be forged, unwound gauze and weighed again.

In the case of a large accumulation of water, a serious difference in weight gain should be observed - since the salt (or brick) will be saturated with moisture and become heavier.

The weight gain can range from several hundred grams to a whole kilogram - in such cases there is water, not too deep, and in large quantities, which means that you can dig a well here.

As an option, you can replace salt or brick with any other modern desiccant (for example, silica gel).

2.1 Vine or gold method

A fairly popular search method is to use a branch of an ordinary vine. Its length can be about 20-40 centimeters (depending on thickness). To find a place, you should choose a branch that will spring slightly in your hand.

It should have two branches. In this case, the search is carried out as follows: the ends of the branches should be taken in hand so that the trunk is in the middle and “looks” up. So you should walk around the site - in a place where there is a high probability of water, the trunk should slope down.

If there is no vine nearby, you can use a gold ring. In this case, the search is carried out as follows: a thread is tied to the product, which should be held in the hand extended forward at a right angle.

With such a “pendulum”, you should also walk around the site - a place with high soil moisture should make it sway.

3 Searching with a box

Frames are a modern device for searching for water underground. In fact, this is a metal wire (from which metal it does not matter, aluminum is most often used) on the handle (for convenience).

The thickness of the wire is usually about 5 mm, and the length is about 35-40 cm. The most important thing is that it is not too thin and light so as not to sway in the wind.

The search principle in this case is the same as with the use of the aforementioned vine: the arms are bent at the elbows at a right angle, in each - taken along the frame, with wire in different directions. After that, you should walk around the site.

Crossed frames are a sign of the presence of groundwater.

It is advisable to use at least one of the above methods before that - in order to have at least a rough idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhere there will most likely be a place with a close location of groundwater.

In case the frames are brought together and crossed, walk along the same area, only perpendicularly. If the crossing repeats, you can dig a well, there will be water here with a high probability.

If desired, such frames can be made independently - this will require 2 pieces of wire and 2 handles for them (in fact, you need them just for convenience - so you can do without them).

Handles can be made from wood - for example, take two sticks, remove the core and insert wire into them. By the way, about the wire itself - you need to take it about 40 centimeters, of which about 15 - bend at a right angle. It should rotate freely inside the handle.

4

It is most accurate to look for a place where you can dig a well using the method. Moreover, this method can also be used with your own hands - with the help (if you have one).

For this, you can also use products of small diameter - 100 mm will be enough for reconnaissance. This method is extremely simple: in the ground you need to drill to a depth of 10 meters.

Of course, doing this at random is not very reasonable - so you should drill after you have already used any of the above methods and roughly understood where at least approximately the aquifer is located.

4.1 Finding a place for a well using frames (video)

After digging around on the Internet, we managed to find a fairly complete guide to the people's search for water ().

Known folk methods searches for water are conditionally divided into four groups:
- determination by indication (this method is also known as the "dowsing method");
- using indicator plants;
- on the behavior of animals, birds, insects;
- other signs natural character.

1. Search for water using the indication with frames.
When using indication, use pieces of aluminum wire or a fork of a wooden branch of hazel, willow or viburnum.

1 way. In the first case, they pick up two aluminum wires 30-40 centimeters long, each with ends bent at a right angle (10-15 cm). These ends are best inserted into tubes of tree-like elderberry, removing the core. The wires must turn freely in the tubes.

The starting position is as follows: the indicator wires are turned horizontally by 180 °. When a person, walking along the site, stumbles upon an aquifer, the wires close forward, to the right or to the left (along the flow of water). Having passed this place, the indicators again diverge to the sides by 180 °.

Now, having marked the place where the wires converged, you should go with divorced indicators in a perpendicular direction. If the wires converged from the very beginning and stayed that way for some time, then this was the direction of the aquifer. If the rods deviated to the right or left, again look for the place of their contact. It will be the center of the future water source.

2 way. You can search for water with a single frame. A wire 30 centimeters long is bent at a distance of about 10 cm. The short end is taken into a fist so that the long end is horizontal. Direction forward. You don't need to tighten the wire too much. Everything. We walk around the area. In some places, the end of the wire will deviate to the side as from a single-pole magnet. We keep the direction of the greatest resistance. The place we need is where the wire will rotate.

3 way. A similar way to search for an aquifer using a wooden fork (two branches that grew close to one another, connected by a segment of the trunk). They are pre-unbent, dried, the angle between the ends should be at least 150 °. They take the fork in two hands, pull them horizontally in front of them and pass the surveyed area. In the place where the aquifer is located, the trunk segment will noticeably lean towards the ground. Often, during the survey of the territory, the indicators do not react: they do not close anywhere and do not tilt. So there is no aquifer here. Water should be sought elsewhere.

2. Search for water using indicator plants.
At all times peoples different countries in the search for groundwater, great importance was attached to plants. Moisture-loving vegetation, colored with bright and juicy greenery, testifies to the close occurrence of water. The more abundant, denser and greener the vegetation, the more water there is.

If the wild-growing currant has grown strongly, it would seem, in a dry place, you can be sure that groundwater is located close to the surface.
Since ancient times, willow has been used in Russia as an indicator of water sources. They said about her: "Where there is water, there is a willow; where there is a willow, there is water."
A good indicator of shallow waters in the temperate zone is meadowsweet, or meadowsweet. Meadowsweet can be found in wet meadows, ravines, swamps, river banks and ponds.
Forest reed indicates the close occurrence of groundwater.
If the plant community is dominated by forest reeds and meadowsweet (meadowsweet), and gray and black alders are also present in them, this indicates that the water lies at a depth of up to 3 m.
The Chuvash used sorrel as an indicator of nearby groundwater: "Dig a well in sorrel places - water will appear."
The ancient explorer Vitruvius Pollio, who lived in the 1st century BC, attached exceptional importance to vegetation when searching for groundwater: “The signs of water in the earth rocks described above are as follows: thin reeds, reeds, willows, alders, vitex, ivy, and others, which have the property that they cannot sprout without moisture."
Where groundwater is close to the surface of the earth, plants grow best: goose cinquefoil, hemlock, foxglove, autumn colchicum, coltsfoot, horse sorrel, reeds, sedge, nettle, horsetail.
If alder, maple, weeping willow, birch - all leaned in one direction - this is a sign that there is a water vein nearby.
Willow and alder grow well above the aquifers, leaning towards the current.
In places of high standing waters, single oaks can come across. They grow as if at the intersection of water veins.
If a plane tree grows far from an open source, it means that an underground river flows under it. The arrangement of trees indicates the direction of flow.
Licorice grows strongly in those places where groundwater is located at a depth of up to 2 meters.
In places of close occurrence of groundwater, apple trees, cherries and plums do not grow well, get sick and dry out.
Table of occurrence of groundwater, depending on the growing plants:

Plants Groundwater depth, (m)
_________________________________________
Cattail 0 - 1
Sandy reed 1 - 3
Poplar black 0.5 - 3
Reed 0 - 1.5 (up to 3 - 5)
Loch 1 - 3 (up to 5)
Sarsazan 0.5 - 3 (up to 5)
Wormwood paniculata 3 - 5 (up to 7)
Chii brilliant 1.5 - 5 (up to 8)
Licorice naked 1.5 - 5 (up to 10)
Artemisia sandy 3 - 5 (up to 10)
Alfalfa yellow 1.4 - 2 (up to 10 - 15)

3. Finding aquifers by observing the behavior of animals, birds, insects
The horse, when it wants water, sniffs the ground and beats with its hooves where it feels the presence of moisture.
The dog, feeling thirsty, begins to dig the ground where it feels water.
The dog avoids lying above the water veins, and the cat does the opposite.
A hen will not sit down and lay eggs in a place where the waters are high; geese, on the other hand, just lay eggs at the intersection of water veins.
Red ants build their heaps taking into account the location of the water: where it is close, they are not there.
Winding pillars of mosquitoes and midges after sunset show that here, underground, water should be close.
Mice in damp places make nests on tree branches or in weeds, but not in the ground.

4. Search for water using natural features.
The fog that creeps after sunset is a sign of the close standing of groundwater in this place.
Dew falls in the morning - there is more where the water comes closer to the ground. Dew is formed because the closer the water comes to the ground, the better it cools, and when it cools, condensation forms from the air on the surface of the earth.
Above the aquifer, an inverted jar or pot will certainly be covered with dew, a bunch of salt will get wet in dry weather.

The well is a source of drinking water. AT modern world rarely used.

But, sometimes, there is no way to drill a well, and there is no centralized water supply.

One of the few ways to solve the problem of autonomous water supply will be self-digging a well. It is a difficult task, but very necessary for everyone.

The first step in digging a well is determining its location.

In order for the water in it to be of high quality, and the depth of the source is not too large, it is necessary to find an aquifer.

To find it, the entire summer cottage or household plot is explored.

There are several ways to search. Separate methods have been used since ancient times.

Search for aquifers

Water, in the thickness of the earth, is held by water-resistant layers. They do not allow moisture to descend into the depth of the soil. The main component of the water-resistant layer is clay, less often stones.

Between these components there is a sand layer in which water is stored. To dig a well, you need to get on such an aquifer.

The amount of water depends on the thickness of the sand layer: the larger it is, the more liquid.

The maximum amount falls on the areas of fractures of the water-retaining layer, located with sharp differences in height.

Zones with fractures of the clay layer, where it accumulates a large number of sand and water are called underground lakes.

Sometimes when digging a well, an aquifer is found at a depth of 2-5 meters.

On the page: it is written about a homemade shower cabin made of polycarbonate.

plant observation.
Plants provide information about the presence of aquifers. Moisture-loving varieties in areas with deep water do not grow.

O high humidity soils say plants such as sorrel, nettle, coltsfoot. Trees also tell a person where it is better to dig a well.

"Wet" places are chosen by birch, alder, willow. The crown of trees at the same time has a slope in the direction of the presence of a vein. Apple and cherry trees get sick and grow poorly in moist soils.

Pay attention to a number of factors that indicate the absence or presence of groundwater in a small amount. These include:

• Plantations on a large area of ​​beech and acacia;
• The presence in the immediate vicinity of industrial water intakes and quarries;
• Location in the immediate vicinity of natural reservoirs: lakes, ponds, springs;
• The location of the site next to the cliff of a river or lake;
• The location of the site in a mountainous, elevated or hilly area.

Using improvised means

Determine the position of aquifers with the help of items used in the household.

Wet areas are identified using glass jars.

They are placed over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site, setting upside down.

In which instances condensate forms, the aquifer is located there.

The thicker the evaporation, the closer the moisture is.

The next option is to use ceramics and salt. The method is used in dry weather, which lasts 2-3 days.

A certain amount of salt and crushed brick is taken (the mixture is weighed), poured into a clay pot. The container is buried in the selected place to a depth of 0.5-0.6 m.

A day later, the pot is dug out and re-weighed.

The increase in weight directly depends on the depth of the core. Instead of salt, silica gel can be used, which swells in a humid environment.

The place of digging a well is determined using an aluminum frame or vine. There are 2 ways to use the fixture.

In the first case, 2 pieces of aluminum wire are taken 40 cm long and bent at 90 degrees at a distance of 15 cm.

The segments are inserted into hollow tubes.

The diameter should allow the wire to spin freely.

The resulting devices are taken one at a time in both hands, the ends of the wire are bred to the left and right.

With a frame go around the entire site.

In places where the segments converge to the center, or turn in one direction, there is an aquifer.

For an accurate determination, it is necessary to walk along the indicated place with an aluminum frame, but move perpendicular to the first direction.

The second method involves the use of a vine. To obtain a frame, choose a branch that has two forks located at an angle of 150 degrees relative to each other.

The vine is dried. They pick up a dry branch and pass through the site. In this case, the end of the trunk is located in the center and looks up.

In the place where the aquifer passes, the trunk goes down. A dry branch stretches to a wet area.

The search is carried out 3 times a day at 6 am, 4 pm and 8 pm.

There is also a method for detecting an aquifer using wedding ring from gold.

To do this, a thread is tied on the product, which is taken in hand.

The arm is extended forward at an angle of 90 degrees to the surface of the earth and the area is bypassed.

In places where groundwater is located, the "pendulum" begins to swing.

Thus, the search for a place to dig a well is carried out.

However, a wicker or aluminum frame may indicate the presence of surface groundwater.

Therefore, after determining the place of moisture, preliminary drilling is carried out.

pre-drilling

Pre-drilling is one of the most effective ways determine the location of the aquifer.

But the method is labor intensive.. In this case, a garden drill is used. Using the tool, a test drilling of a vertical well is carried out to a depth of approximately 6 meters.

The process is carried out independently, or with the involvement of specialists.

In this case, it is worth using 2-3 options, paying attention to animals and plants.

Preliminary drilling is carried out in two or three places, which allows you to determine the place for digging the well.

The location of the water on the site is determined by the standard "grandfather" methods used since antiquity. Modern methods are also used.

An effective way - pre-drilling. Determines the location of the aquifer, make a fluid analysis.

However, a preliminary study of the site is carried out to detect the occurrence of groundwater. To accurately obtain the result, use 2-4 methods discussed above.

Observation of nature and the surrounding world also provides information about the location of aquifers.

By combining and analyzing the data obtained, it will be possible to choose a place for digging a well with safe water.

See a simple and visual way to find a close water outlet to the surface. The result is obvious.

A well is the simplest hydraulic structure. This is a profitable option for organizing water supply if there is no centralized highway nearby. Minimal construction costs, convenient operation, constant access to water - the advantages are many. But how to find water on the site for a well in order to build a productive source? This problem has been solved for a long time.

Until now, proven "old-fashioned methods" have been successfully used, and in recent decades even more reliable methods and even special devices for finding water have appeared. Each site owner can choose an acceptable method or use several. This will help to determine with absolute accuracy where it is best to dig a well.

Underground water search frames

Classification and properties of aquifers

There may be 2-3 aquifers on the site. They are loose rocks that bind and retain moisture that seeps from the surface during rains, floods, and snowmelt. Aquifers are located on impermeable rocks and may have different sources nutrition. The deeper the horizon lies, the cleaner and better the water in it.

There are several types of groundwater:

• Soil. This is the most upper layer(usually 4-6 m). It accumulates atmospheric moisture. Horizon power sources are precipitation, floods, river floods.
• Ground. The horizon lies at a depth of the first layer of waterproof rock - 9-18 m, suitable for the construction of a drinking well.
• Interstratal. Wells are drilled on this horizon. The depth varies from 20 to 40-50 m.
• Artesian. The aquifer is the cleanest and most abundant, but it is not suitable for building a well, because. its depth can reach 40-200 m.

Information about the depth of aquifers is necessary to determine the quality of water. Shallow layers are often contaminated with pesticides, human waste products, and pathogenic bacteria. Such water is used only for technical purposes. For drinking and cooking, it must be carefully filtered, boiled.

Sometimes the first aquifer lies quite shallow - 2-2.5 m from the surface. If the future well is intended for watering the garden, then this is a great option, but you can’t drink from it. Even for domestic and household needs, it is desirable to pass water from such a source through a coarse filter.

Diagram of the location of aquifers

How to find a place for a well in folk ways

How to find a place to dig a well? Most reliable way- turn to specialists who, for relatively little money, will find a suitable aquifer. This is desirable, but not at all necessary, because you can handle it yourself.

There are several folk signs by which you can find an aquifer that lies close to the surface. Some types of plants indicate the proximity of moisture. Also often use a vine or special frames. These devices can be made independently.

Choosing a place for a well with a vine

How to determine the depth of the vein

Places where moisture comes very close to the surface can be identified by simple signs:

• Fog. If there is an area on the site over which fog appears, then this is a sure sign of high humidity. It is worth watching either in the evening before sunset, or in the early morning. It is best to view the site at dawn, when the foggy haze can be seen most clearly. If the fog is thick, then the aquifer is not deep at all.
• Midge. small midges swarm where they feel moisture. If it is noticed that they prefer a certain place on the site, it is worth digging a well here.
• Herbs. Moisture-loving plants grow only where they can get enough water from the soil. It is worth paying attention to whether there are nettles, coltsfoot, wild sorrel on the site.
• Trees. Certain types of trees - alder, beech, willow, birch - can also be reliable indicators. But apple and cherry trees, on the contrary, feel bad in places where aquifers are close.

Scheme: how to find water for a well by plants

Animals - assistants in the search for groundwater

If field mice live on the site, the location of their nests can help with finding a place for a well. For example, if voles settle right on the ground, then the aquifers are deep in the soil. These animals avoid high humidity. If they build nests on the lower branches of trees and shrubs, then moisture is close to the surface.

Poultry can also indicate where to dig a well. So, chickens never rush in damp places, but geese specifically look for the wettest areas to build a nest. If the domestic goose rushes in the same place, this is a sure signal that at least one aquifer lies nearby. Most often, geese look for vein intersections.

In the summer heat, animals try to find the coolest zones. If the horse starts kicking and the dog digs a hole, this is probably the wettest spot on the lot. If the animals dig small holes in the soil and lie down in them, then a well can also be built here. The water in it will be of poor quality, but it will do for watering the garden and technical needs.

Dogs seek cool places

Dowsing method: vine and aluminum frames

How to choose a place for a well on a site, the vine or frames will tell. Dowsing is considered one of the oldest ways to find aquifers. It cannot be called absolutely reliable, but in many cases this method is effective. For dowsing, either tree branches or aluminum frames are used.

Production and application of dowsing frames

How to make frames for finding water? They are easy to make with your own hands. To do this, you will need two pieces of aluminum wire of the same length (about 40 cm each) and a tube cut from elder or other suitable material.

Work order:

• Pieces of wire are bent at a right angle so that one side is 15 and the other 25 cm.
• The short ends insert a tube cut from a branch of a tree or shrub. Perfect option- elderberry, but options are possible. A metal tube will also work.
• The wire does not need to be fixed, it should rotate freely in the tube, but not fall out of it.

Using this device is very simple. The frames are taken in both hands and slowly pass through the site. If both frames turn in the same direction, then turn there. Where the aquifer is close to the surface, the frames will come together. As soon as the vein is passed, they will again disperse to the sides. So you can determine the area suitable for arranging the well.

Video: how to make a frame for finding water

How to choose a place for a well: modern methods

To search for water, they use the most different ways– from digging salt into the ground to using appliances. They allow you to determine not only the presence of an aquifer, but sometimes even the depth at which it can occur.

Option #1: glassware

Soil moisture can be determined using glassware. An ordinary three-liter jar will do. It is placed with its neck on the ground in a place where the presence of a closely located vein is assumed, and left for the night. If condensation appears on the glass in the morning, you can dig a well.

The method will be effective only if there was no rain for several days before and the earth dried out well. It can be used during periods of extreme heat and drought. Based on the amount of condensate, assumptions are made about the depth of the water.

Option #2: Moisture Absorbent Materials

You can use substances that absorb moisture well. Most often, rock salt, building red brick or silica gel are chosen. Brick before use is crushed to a state of crumbs. The silica gel is further dried in an oven. The total volume of the desiccant should be about two liters. It is poured into an open clay pot.

The vessel, together with the contents, is weighed on high-precision scales, after which it is wrapped with several layers of gauze and buried in the soil by about 0.5 m. It must stay underground for at least a day. After the required period has elapsed, the pot is carefully dug out, the gauze is removed and weighed again.

If the weight of the vessel differs, it means that the moisture-absorbing materials have absorbed moisture from the soil. The greater the difference between the indicators, the closer to the surface is the spring vein. It is believed that the efficiency of this method reaches 60-65%.

Option #3: Barometer readings

If there is an open body of water near the site, then a barometer can be used to determine the depth of underground formations. With its help, the pressure is determined on the shore of the reservoir, and then they go to the place where they assume the presence of a close aquifer, and again take measurements.

Each 0.1 mm of mercury indicates 1 m of reservoir depth. For example, if the first measurement gave 545.5 mm, and the second 545.1 mm, then the spring vein is located about 4 m from the surface of the earth. The search for water with the help of instruments gives better results than the "old-fashioned" methods.

Schematic diagram of the aneroid barometer

Option #4: groundwater search device

There are special devices for searching for water underground. The device of domestic production "Pulse" has proven itself well, measuring electric field, which is created The groundwater. With the help of "Pulse" you can even determine the potential productivity of the future source.

The water finder is easy to use. Its electrodes are buried in the ground by 10 cm in a place where the presence of a vein is assumed. If the meter readings change, then water is nearby. The higher the score, the stronger the aquifer.

The owners themselves determine how to find a place for a well on the site, choosing the most affordable way. All methods have their drawbacks, and they are not always reliable. If you want to make sure that the place for the well is chosen correctly, carry out exploratory drilling with an ordinary garden drill. Better yet, contact the experts. They will help you choose the perfect location for your well.

The presence of a well personal plot is a vital necessity. Even with a car, it is extremely inconvenient to deliver water to the dacha in cans and bottles. Digging a well is quite a feasible task, but here you need to arm yourself with knowledge, since you will have to master the methods of determining exactly where to look for water and how to properly position the well shaft in terms of sanitary norms and rules.

It is recommended to start the search for water in the area for the well by examining the territory for the presence of springs and keys. Do neighbors have a well? The presence of both of these signs indicates that you can also find aquifers on your site. You can also study where aquaindicator plants grow. For example, the abundance of woodlice indicates the close occurrence of groundwater. Designate the intended search area in accordance with sanitary standards distance from the septic tank.

ATTENTION! In areas with a slope, you need to look for water for the well in its lowest part.

What horizons are suitable for a well?

When looking for water for a well, they stop either at a perch or groundwater aquifers.

• Ground water or perched water suitable for technical, agricultural needs, but completely unsuitable for drinking. They can be found at a shallow depth of a meter and a half, especially if the area is lowland or in close proximity to a river or stream.
• ground water starts after one and a half meters. Whereas soil waters are not filtered, spilling between loose-grained layers of the earth, ground waters are held between layers of water-resistant loam and clay, rocks, limestone, sand layers. These multi-level layers are good natural filters, purify water and make it drinkable, do not let harmful contaminants into the aquifer.

If you decide to make a well not only for domestic needs, but also to provide for your family drinking water, you should take groundwater no higher than 10 meters, the ideal option is a well fifteen meters deep.

Layers of soil, sand, stones, clay form an internal structure with gaps and cavities of various sizes, somewhere the voids are very narrow, and in other places bends are created like lenses or dips that are filled with groundwater. These places have an abundance of water, and in narrow interstratal cavities, the volume of water is minimal.

Ground and soil waters do not have pressure, only in rare places, ground aquifers, sandwiched by water-resistant layers, can be characterized by small pressure values.

FACT! Groundwater has an undeniable advantage. They are not only distinguished by cleanliness, but also access to them is stable, unlike perched water, the volume and availability of which directly depend on the amount of precipitation and the time of year. Also, perched water is easily polluted by leaching of fertilizers from agricultural land during periods of snowmelt or heavy rains.

What are the health requirements for the location?

The water intake point should be located at a distance from toilets, cesspools upstream of groundwater at least at a distance of fifty meters. Otherwise, the possibility of mixing into water is high. harmful substances, infecting it with pathogenic bacteria.

This is the optimal distance. If the household plot of an ordinary summer resident is four acres, densely planted and built up, then such a norm is difficult to implement. In this regard, there is an opinion that it is quite enough to make a well away from the toilet and cesspool about 8-10 meters.

INTERESTING! If the soil in the area is clayey, then such a distance should not bother you at all. Especially if you take all possible measures to isolate the walls of the well, also constructing an upper protecting well ring that protects water from possible pollution during rains and spring thaw, when water flows can flow into the well from the surface of the earth.

According to the regulations, when looking for a place for a well, you should avoid:

• Frequently flooded areas.
• Wetlands.
• Proximity (less than 30 meters) of roads common use and freeways.

How to find water yourself?

There are different ways and methods for determining groundwater in a personal plot. This is folk omens, observation of natural features and the dowsing method, based on the intuitive sensations of the person himself. All these options were widely used earlier for lack of others, but in our time, in terms of their effectiveness, the scientific approach to the issue has firmly taken the lead. This is seismic exploration, the use of barometers and other instruments.

Folk ways

These are the most simple methods search for water, based on centuries of experience.

Observations of natural phenomena

In the warm season in the early morning hours or in the evening, observe where the fog thickens more. The thicker the foggy cloud, the closer the groundwater. This observation is justified by the fact that fogs are formed from the earth's moisture, and in places where underground waters accumulate, the fog is usually thicker, it literally swirls from the soil in such areas and spreads along the ground.

Observation of animals and insects

Dog owners may notice that their pets dig holes in the heat to cool off and lie down there. Animals feel where the coolest, and therefore more humid places. This feature of temperature is also caused by the proximity of aquifers.

Midges and various midges also feel such places, they stray into flocks and swarm in the late afternoon where there is increased soil moisture.

plant observation

Plants, like natural phenomena, and animals with insects can help in finding water to dig a well. The presence and proximity of aquifers can be judged by the following herbs, shrubs and trees.

• Hemlock, an abundance of nettles, thickets of sorrel and coltsfoot can be found precisely on consistently moist soil fed by groundwater.
• Birches, willow bushes, alder love moisture and grow well only in places rich in water.
• But the apple tree or cherry trees do not like wet soils, and their presence suggests that water cannot be found nearby. Of course, we are talking about healthy and abundantly growing trees. If the trees are sick and frail, the opportunity to find aquifers is higher.
• find aquifers above.

Determine by plants and the depth of the water layer:

• Reeds-sandstone, for example, can tell that the water is a meter or three from the surface.
• Reed suggests an aquifer at a depth of one and a half to five meters.
• Wormwood from three meters to seven meters deep.
• Licorice from one and a half meters to ten.
• Alfalfa from one and a half to two, but sometimes up to 15 meters.

dowsing method

They are trying to tie this method to the scientific sphere, which is fundamentally wrong. From this point of view, the previous information is much more useful than this method. However, he has his fans, and for good reason. The emphasis is on the presence of energy-information fields in the surrounding reality various types and the human ability to sense these fields.

In the old days, the method had no competition and alternatives, now the possibilities of science are very high, and this entertaining method is still one of the first in the popularity rating. It will not be true if we say that the dowsing method is ineffective at all, but its infallibility does not correspond to reality either.

Since it is not always possible to use expensive survey services water resources in the soil, you can try it. It's best if you do your initial search location through plant and animal behavior tests. Analyze the area in terms of geologically expected aquifers (for the presence of lowlands, ravines, proximity to water intake points and springs).

Dowsing technique using aluminum frames

Manufacturing:

1. The total length of the aluminum rod is about 90 cm, its diameter must be at least 3 mm.
2. Having measured 15 cm from the edge, you need to bend the rod at a right angle.
3. Insert the short ends into the tubes, any option will do for this.
4. The diameter of the tube should be such that the twigs rotate freely, move, but not at an angle.
5. Take tubes 0.5 mm wider than the diameter of the aluminum wire.
6. You need to make two such bent rods, insert them into the tubes.

Using frames to find water

Aluminum frames are held in both hands.

At the same time, it is very important to tune in to the search process. Let go of everything and wonder where the water is, shifting your attention completely to the frames.

Hands should not be overly tense, strong relaxation will also ruin the process. Some golden mean must be reached.

The framework should become a continuation of a person, a part of his attention, his being. It is like a kind of meditation with concentration on a specific task.

When the necessary feeling of immersion and concentration comes, a person should begin to slowly move around the site, snake-like passing through its entire area, testing the territory.

At the stage of finding the aquifer, a marking stick is driven into the plot of land indicated by the frame.

It is believed that in places where water is located, the frames come into active motion.

The use of frames to determine the depth of the water resource

1. From the marking peg, the footage is laid out using a tape measure in a straight line on the surface of the earth.
2. Next, proceed to determine the depth of the aquifer. To do this, they slowly walk along the unfolded building meter with frames, testing at what depth the water lies.
3. It is considered as a measure of depth that mark, near which the frames come into activity, begin to spin, sway from side to side.

Alternative ways

In this case, a number of methods are used, focused on measuring the level of humidity at different points in the site. Where there are aquifers, the humidity is much higher. To do this, use silica gel, brick, salt, earthenware or glass jars.

Dehumidifier method

1. Take a moisture-absorbing substance, such as table salt, silica gel.
2. The substance is dried in an oven, poured into a dried unvarnished clay container, wrapped with a piece of natural fabric.
3. All this is weighed on accurate scales.
4. Usually, about a dozen of these testing "devices" are prepared. Each must be signed so as not to make a mistake when re-weighing.
5. Next, the containers are buried at a depth of half a meter to a meter into the ground.
6. After 24 hours, the weight is re-determined.

IMPORTANT! The more the weight of the indicator increases, the higher the probability of the presence of water at a given point.

Manipulations with brick, lime and salt are done exactly according to the same principle.

Glass jar method

1. Glass dry jars without lids are placed upside down on the territory of the water search area.
2. Banks are inspected a few hours later.
3. Where there is strong moisture inner surface banks, a high percentage of condensate has accumulated, it is expected to find water.

scientific ways

Of the most reliable methods of reconnaissance of water in a personal plot are scientific methods. All of them are based on physical principles.

Spectral seismic

A shock effect on the earth's surface is organized and a special seismic-sensitive device captures response impulses, signals of an oscillatory type.

This information is entered into a computer, and with the help of a specially created program, calculations are made about the probable location of water. Seismic devices allow you to scan the bowels of the earth, identifying their structure, bends, layers, the presence of voids, as well as the level of occurrence of aquifers.

The method is very expensive and only suitable for search activities in large scale projects.

There is also a set of already available geophysical data about certain areas, these references can be made with the help of specialists in the field of hydrogeology and geophysics, they can also help in finding water.

Hand drilling

Use a garden drill of a manual type, with a diameter of thirty centimeters. Make test wells from five to ten meters in depth. After inserting the drill into the soil, deepening the auger, every 15-20 cm they take out the soil and inspect it in order to protect the drill from breakage and check for moisture levels as an indicator of the proximity of the aquifer.

The method is effective and, unlike seismic exploration, available to a private individual. The percentage of accuracy and efficiency here largely depends on the professionalism of the driller.

How to determine the depth of groundwater in the area using a barometer?

The method can be applied in cases where there is a well or a source of water, a river, a pond at a small distance from your site.

1. Record the barometer reading near such a place.
2. Then determine the barometer reading at the point where you intend to dig a well shaft.
3. Calculate the difference in the received data using subtraction.
4. Now convert the coefficient to footage, where each division on the barometer scale will be counted as one meter.

It is at this depth that you need to dig a hole for a well in order to reach the aquifer.

Water, through capillaries and arteries, permeates the entire earth's crust, filling vast spaces and small gaps, crevices, interstratal cavities. It is everywhere, but at different depths and in different volumes. To find this gift of life, people enjoy different ways and scientific developments.

The undoubted priority is the achievement of science, but if you are a passionate nature and love experiments, or there are reasons in terms of cost savings, you can try alternative methods.

For a relatively small amount, you can order work on the reconnaissance search for water with a drilling machine, at a cost of no more than a thousand per meter of passage. Or, on your own, with the help of a garden drill, spend a day searching.