Make paint brushes. Paint brushes - what are they and what are they used for?

Paint brushes are used to apply primer, paint, glue, varnish. Of course, this can be done with any brush. But the question is the quality and laboriousness of the application. Brushes are not different for a reason. And they differ not only in price, but also in size, type of bristle, shape. Natural hair provides higher quality coverage, synthetic brushes are more durable. Depending on the type of work, one or another type of paint brush is chosen.

Flat brush (+ flute)

A flat brush is used for priming, painting and varnishing surfaces, especially if you want to get a smooth glossy surface... A flat brush is often called a flute brush, as it is used for fluting (smoothing) freshly painted surfaces - the brush allows you to remove traces of rough staining and paint drips. For fluting, use a dry brush, which is used to smooth out the paint. The work goes with the very ends of the hair, without pressure, in the direction opposite to the direction of applying the paint. The brush is periodically cleaned of paint. Brush width: 25 - 100 mm.

Radiator Brush

It is a kind of flat brush, but with a long, curved handle. The radiator brush can be used to paint any hard-to-reach area, even through a narrow gap. For this reason, radiator brushes are used when painting heating radiators, outside and inside; pipes and corners; gaps between profiles. The width of the brush can be very different: from 20 to 150 mm.

Hand brush (handbrake)

The brush is round. Designed for painting and priming small surfaces. Before work, to maintain elasticity and shape, the brush is tied up with twine, leaving a pile length of about 3-4 cm. The paint is collected in small portions, lowering the brush by 15-20 mm. As you work, the brush wears out, and the twine turns are unwound, increasing the length of the pile. The brush size varies from 26 to 54 mm.

Fly brush

This brush is also round, but larger than the handbrake. Therefore, it is convenient when working on large areas: walls and ceilings. Using a handwheel brush, you can prime, whitewash and paint the surface. The handle of the brush is made hollow so that, if necessary, it can be attached to the long handle. The swinging hand is also tied up. Brush diameter: 60 - 65 mm.

Brush

Like a fly brush, a maklovitsa - big size... Its large-area bundle easily covers large areas. Like the fly brush, it can be extended with a long handle to increase productivity. Maklovitsy are rectangular and round. They are used to apply aqueous solutions, and for oil paint it doesn't fit. Brush size: 100 - 200 mm.

Paneled brush

Designed for "jewelry" work: applying a narrow strip of paint (panels) and painting small hard-to-reach areas. Most of all, it resembles a large brush for painting. Brush diameter: 6 - 18 mm.

All sizes

The size of the brush is also chosen in accordance with the tasks. Wide brushes are for large areas, narrow brushes for small or narrow areas.


For this reason, for outdoor work on a large area, as well as for walls and ceilings indoors, they take brushes 8-10 cm wide, for processing corners - 5 cm with beveled edges, for decorative details, window frames and skirting boards - 3-6 cm.

Usually every house has a couple of brushes with which it paints everything: from windows and doors to fences in the country. They also tint batteries and glue wallpaper. Let's see what brushes are and what they are suitable for.

Kinds

Paneled brush

Small brush with a comfortable grip and stiff white bristles 6–18 mm in diameter. Suitable for painting hard-to-reach areas or for drawing lines in decorative work.

Radiator Brush

The name itself suggests that this brush is intended for coloring batteries. With it, you get to all the seams and bends.

Bristle

All brushes can be divided into three categories:

• Natural fiber bristle brushes. They absorb and hold the paint well, apply it in an even layer. Suitable for oil-based paints, drying oils, varnishes and wood oils.
• Synthetic bristle brushes. Thin and smooth, suitable for water-based formulations: nylon fibers repel excess moisture and retain their shape.
• Mixed bristle brushes. They hold the paint perfectly and do not lose their shape. They can be used for both water and oil based formulations. Ideal for outdoor use.

If you just bought a brush, wash it before using. hot water with soap - this will remove dust and broken fibers. Then be sure to squeeze it out and dry it.

Leave the brush in water for an hour before painting anything. The bristles will soften and swell and the layers will lay flat. The main thing is not to put the brush in the jar, but hang it, otherwise the bristles may deform.

If you have oil or alkyd based paint, dry the brush well before using.

To prevent the brush from “streaking” or leaving hairs on the surface, work it on brick, concrete or rough plaster before starting work.

If you used oil-based paints, first rinse the brush thoroughly in a solvent (kerosene, turpentine, white spirit), and then rinse with hot water and soap. If the paints are water-based, go straight to hot water.

Paint brushes remain the most affordable tool for paintwork. Cheapness and simplicity have the other side of the coin - low productivity and uneven paint application. For getting high-quality coating one brush is not enough, but you must have a set of different types intended for different types of paint, different shapes surface and scope of work.

Painting brushes: types and areas of application

Fly and whitewash brushes

Flight feathers brushes are distinguished by a large diameter (60-65 mm) and a hair bundle length up to 100 mm, intended for coloring, priming or whitewashing large areas. When sold in the form of a bundle, they are called by weight, if they have the usual form - piece. Weight brushes are subsequently tied up and handles are made of the desired length. The ability to bend to its original shape characterizes the quality of the brush. According to GOST 10597-87, they have the designation KM.

Whitewash the brush, due to its width of 200 mm and a thickness of 45-65 mm, increases the productivity of whitewashing and leaves behind a clean painting surface.

Handbrake and handbrake

(KMA) is used for painting large surfaces water-based paints, can replace a whitewash brush. Has a round (diameter 120 -170 mm) or rectangular shape(135, 165, 195 mm wide and 55-65 mm thick). Working part length round look reaches 100 mm, rectangular - up to 80 mm. After painting with such a brush, the surface does not require fluting.

Handbrake brushes can be with an oval beam (KPO) or round (KP) with a diameter of up to 60 mm. Variety of cattle has round hair, tapering towards the end to a cone. Made of natural bristle with the addition of horsehair, small size and gentle handle allow working with small areas. Suitable for most types of paint if the bundle is attached with a metal ring. In the case of attachment with glue, such a brush is not used with adhesives and water-based compounds.

If the brush has a too long working part, then during work it will become soft and inelastic, such a pile will leave behind an uneven layer of paint, as a result - smudges and grooves on the surface. Using twine or other materials, the bristles of the brush are tied up to the desired length.

Flange and flat brushes

and flat brushes (KF and KP) have a rectangular working part. They are widely used for painting with different types of paintwork. The flutz is thinner and leaves behind a smoother and cleaner surface. Flat brushes, due to the increased thickness of the hair bun, absorb more paint and are used for large areas. The width of the working part of the flange and flat brushes varies from 25 to 125 mm. Thickness for flats is 9-18 mm, for flat ones - 20-35 mm. With the help of flutes with short hair apply glaze paints and achieve a moiré effect when decorative finishing.

Panel brushes and trimming

Beam paneled brushes (KFK) are made of round shape small size(8-18mm) made of stiff pig bristle and mounted in a metal holder. Designed for more precise application of contour lines, narrow stripes and painting in hard-to-reach places.

Facing brush(SCHT) is used for the treatment of freshly painted surfaces, gives a rough appearance and is used for priming and decorative finishing. Dimensions of the rectangular working part: width - 154 mm, thickness - 76 mm.

Types for special jobs

Decorative brush

The name stuck to the narrow flat brushes with a long curved handle and a metal frame. radiator... This shape allows you to paint hard-to-reach surfaces of varying degrees of curvature. It is not difficult to guess that they are used to paint radiators. The same wide-surfaced brushes are used for outdoor work.

The flat beveled brush is useful for painting windows, while the tapering point brush is used for touching up window frames.

For finishing the edges and edges of the painted surfaces, an edge brush is used. It differs in that the bristle blocks can be changed.

Fan brushes in decorative painting works ah is used to draw wide lines. Textured brushes made of pig bristles of various bristle lengths are used for decorative finishing. Can be produced with bundled bundles of various types fibers that connect in brushes of different widths.

What are paint brushes made of?

In modern production of painting and artistic brushes, the following materials are used:

• Natural bristles... It has excellent absorption and release properties of all types of paints, except for water-based paints. Spinal pork bristles are used for manufacturing. The qualitative assessment of raw materials is carried out by measuring the characteristics: elasticity, strength, length and thickness. The back bristle reaches 77 mm in length. It is divided by color into: white, gray, yellow and black. White bristles are considered to be of the highest quality and are obtained by bleaching. The most important characteristic is the degree of natural splitting of the bristles.
• Natural hair... It has less elasticity and rigidity compared to bristles, which is why it is rarely used in its pure form for painting. Thanks to the scaly layer, they perfectly absorb and give off paint. Distinguish between coarse and thin hair. The hard one is obtained from horse and cow hair, and the thin one is obtained from the hair of fur-bearing animals. The use of natural hair depends on the characteristics: length, shape, elasticity, softness, wear resistance.

The history of using natural hair in painting goes back several millennia. V different time used hair of rats, fallow deer, raccoon, hare, livestock, badger, bear and other animals

• Synthetic fibers are thin threads of polyester, polyester, nylon and other compounds. They have a high resistance to mechanical damage, good softness and elasticity, but insufficient paint pick-up. This problem is eliminated by artificially splitting the fiber ends and creating additional channels in the cavity. It is used for all types of paints, including water-based ones. Every year, the quality of synthetic fiber is increasing through the development of innovative technologies.

Mixed(natural and synthetic) pile is used to combine best characteristics two types - wear resistance and holding capacity. In addition, with the help of synthetic fibers, you can adjust the elasticity, softness and other properties of the brush.

Prices for paint brushes

The abundance of manufacturers of paint brushes and rollers forces the buyer to make a decision for every need to buy a painting tool. In addition to basic knowledge of the variety of species and their area of ​​application, each time it is necessary to choose the optimal ratio of price and quality.

The price of paint and art brushes is largely determined by the quality of the material from which the bunch of pile is made. And here there is no direct dependence on what type of pile is used: natural, synthetic or mixed. For example, a professional flat American brush brand WOOSTER made of nylon and polyester thread 50 mm wide will cost about 1100 rubles, while a brush made of natural high-quality bristles from the same manufacturer will cost 400-500 rubles.

GOST 10597-87

Group W36

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF SSR

Paint brushes and brushes

Technical conditions

Painting brushes. Specifications

OKP 48 3327

Date of introduction 1988-01-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction, Road and Municipal Engineering

DEVELOPERS

A.I. Polunin (topic leader), V.A. Safonova

2. APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated 12.22.86 N 59

3. REPLACE GOST 10597-80

4. REFERENCE REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

5. REPUBLICATION. November 1993 With Amendment No. 1, approved in November 1990 (IUS 2-91)

This standard applies to brushes and brushes intended for painting in construction.

1. Technical requirements

1.1. Basic dimensions

1.1.1. Paint brushes and brushes must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for working drawings and reference samples, agreed with the base organization for standardization and approved in the prescribed manner.

1.1.2. Paint brushes and brushes must be of the following types:

KR, KRS, KRO - handbrake brushes intended for priming and painting surfaces;

KP - flat brushes intended for priming, painting, as well as for coating surfaces with varnish;

KM - flywheel brushes intended for washing, priming, whitewashing and painting surfaces;

KMA - bristle brushes intended for painting surfaces with aqueous solutions;

KF - flange brushes, intended for processing (fluting) freshly painted surfaces by smoothing brush marks;

KFK - panel brushes intended for finishing operations;

ShchT - trimming brushes intended for processing freshly painted surfaces and giving them a rough-matted look.

1.1.3. The main sizes of brushes and brushes should correspond to those indicated in Fig. 1-11, 17a and in table 1-6.

Examples of the execution of the holder of brushes of the types KR, KRS, KRO, KF and KP are shown in Fig. 15-18 of Appendix 1.

Brushes of standard sizes KR50, KR55, KRS50, KRS55, KRO50-KR060 and type KM, regardless of the length of the bundle, should be made with a bundle strap.

Brushes of standard sizes KR20-KR45, KRS20-KRS45 and KRO20-KRO45 should be manufactured with a bundle strap if the bundle length exceeds that specified in Tables 1 and 2 by more than 7 mm.

When making brushes with a bundle strap, it is recommended to use removable liners.

The length of the bundle strap should not be less than the excess of the bundle length indicated in Tables 1 and 2.

1.1.4. The callouts for brushes and brushes must consist of legend types or sizes, execution of brushes and designations of this standard.

An example of a conventional designation of a swing hand of the KM type:

Flywheel KM GOST 10597-87

The same, handbrake brushes of standard size KP20:

Handbrake brush KR20 GOST 10597-87

The same, a flange brush, standard size KF25, version 1:

Flange brush KF25-1 GOST 10597-87

1.2. Characteristics (properties)

1.2.1. Holders with a handle and a bundle, as well as pads with a bundle, a handle or a holder must be firmly connected.

The bond strength should be determined by pulling out a bundle of fibers with a diameter of 5 mm with a force not less than:

147 N (15 kgf) - for brushes of types KR, KRS, KRO, KP, KM, KF, KFK;

49 N (5 kgf) - for brushes and brushes of the KMA, ShchT types.

1.2.2. It is allowed to make a brush block of the SHT type without an overlay, provided that the strength of the connection between the handle and the block is observed in accordance with clause 1.2.1.

When manufacturing handles of KP and KF types of brushes made of polyamide, and holders of tin, it is allowed not to connect brush parts with nails, provided that the requirements of clause 1.2.1 are met.

For fastening a holder with a handle and an insert for KF brushes, it is allowed to use metal staples. The handles of the KF type brushes are allowed to be made in one piece with a holder and inserts.

_______

* Size for reference.

The handles of the KF and KM types can be positioned at an angle of 35 to 45 degrees. relative to the bundle of the brush.

Brushes of the KM type are allowed to be made without a safety ring.

The holders of the brushes can have hooks that allow the brushes to be suspended on containers with paint and varnish composition.

(Modified edition, Amendment N 1).

1.2.3. The density coefficient of a bundle of brushes of types KR, KRS, KRO, KP, KF, KM should be at least 0.6.

1.2.4. Brushes of types KR, KRS, KRO (except for brushes of standard sizes KR20, KR25, KRS20, KRS25, KRO20, KRO25), KP, KF and KM must have inserts.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the liner relative to the total area of ​​the beam should be no more than: 30% - for a bundle of drawn bristles or stem bristles; 40% - "" "of another kind of raw materials.

Inserts with an area of ​​more than 30% of the total area of ​​the bundle for brushes of types KR and KM should be round.

The inserts should be located in the center of the brush tuft.

Table 1

1.2.5. The tolerance of the coaxiality of the holder, block and handle relative to the common axis of symmetry of the hand is 3 mm.

1.2.6. The wood for the parts of the brushes and brushes must be healthy, free from cracks, rot, sprouting and wormholes.

Knots with a diameter of more than 5 mm are not allowed. There should be no more than 2 knots on the handles of the hands. In this case, the knots must be healthy and intergrown with the wood. Other defects and defects of wood should not exceed the standards for sawn timber of the 2nd grade in accordance with GOST 2695 and GOST 8486.

1.2.7. The moisture content of wood brushes and brushes should not exceed 12%.

1.2.8. Tin clips, as well as safety rings, should not have dents, torn edges, rust spots.

1.2.9. Plastic parts must be protected from burrs and must not have chips, bulges, wavy surfaces, warping, incomplete melts, cavities, cracks.

1.2.10. Wood handles and pads must be coated with linseed oil or painted. The paintwork must comply with class V in accordance with GOST 9.032, operating conditions for group U1 in accordance with GOST 9.104.

Hardwood brush handles and pads may be uncoated. In this case, the roughness of the outer surfaces should not be more than Rz = 100 microns in accordance with GOST 7016.

Handbrake brush type KRO

________

* Size for reference.

Damn. 3

table 2

1.2.11. The penetration of glue into the bundle of brushes of the types KR, KRO, KP, KF, KM and KFK behind the holder from the side of the beam is allowed at a distance of no more than 5 mm, and for brushes of the KRS type - no more than 3 mm from the outer surface of the insert.

Flat brush type KP

________

* Size for reference.

Damn. 4

Table 3

Flywheel type KM

1 - ring

Damn 5

Bristle brush type KMA

Execution 1

* Size for reference.

1 - bundle; 2 - block; 3 - handle

Heck. 6

Note. The execution of the bottom part of the hand is similar to that indicated in Fig. 1 of Appendix 1.

Execution 2

(For the rest, see execution 1 )

1 - bundle; 2 - holder; 3 - block; 4 - screw

Damn 7

Table 4

Dimensions in mm

Note. The tufts in the last should be evenly spaced.

Flange brush type KF

Execution 1

1 - bundle; 2 - a nail; 3 - clip; 4 - insert; 5 - handle

Damn 8

Execution 2

Damn. 9

Table 5

Panel brush type KFK
Execution 1 Execution 2

________

* Size for reference.

1 - bundle; 2 - clip; 3 - handle

Damn 10

Table 6

1.3. Requirements for raw materials and materials

1.3.1. For the manufacture of bunches of brushes and brushes, processed pork bristles according to OST 17-98, processed hair according to GOST 12857, synthetic bristles according to regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner should be used.

1.3.2. Raw materials and materials for the manufacture of parts of brushes and brushes must correspond to those indicated in table 7.

Facing brush type ШТ

_______

* Size for reference.

1 - bundle; 2 - block; 3 - handle; 4 - pad; 5 - screw

Damn 11

Note. The number of tufts in the brush holder must be at least 140.

Table 7

Notes:

1. It is allowed to make handles, holders, pads for brushes and brushes of the KMA and ShchT types from low-pressure polyethylene in accordance with GOST 16338.

2. It is allowed to surround the bundles of brushes and brushes of the KMA and SHT types, made of horse or cow hair, with natural bristles.

3. It is allowed to make clips, pads, holders from nylon bristle waste according to OST 6-05-08.

4. It is allowed to make inserts for KF-type brushes from boxboard in accordance with GOST 7933 or fiberboard of T-350 or T-400 brand in accordance with GOST 4598.

1.3.3. Synthetic bristles must meet the following requirements:

- the shape of the fibers should be conical or cylindrical;

- the working ends of cylindrical fibers intended for brushes, with the exception of brushes of the KMA type, must have flags or must be sharpened;

- the diameter of the fibers at the base should be no more than 0.24 mm.

1.3.4. Brushes and brushes must be resistant to:

- solvents (acetone, benzene, etc.) and aggressive media (solution copper sulfate and lime) - brushes of types KR, KRS and KRO;

- solvents, aggressive media and hot water- brushes of the KM type;

- solvents - brushes and brushes of KP, KF types; KFK, ShchT;

- aggressive media and hot water - brushes of the KMA type.

The temperature limit of resistance (heat resistance) of bundles of brushes and brushes must be at least 70° WITH.

1.4. Marking

Each brush and brush (handle, clip, block or holder) must be marked with:

- the trademark of the manufacturer;

- type or standard size;

- price (for retail sale).

Note. The method of applying these markings must ensure their safety during the service life of the brushes or brushes.

1.5. Package

1.5.1. Brushes and brushes must be packed in boxes in accordance with GOST 2991, GOST 5959 or GOST 10350.

The boxes inside must be lined with waterproof paper in accordance with GOST 8828 or wrapping paper in accordance with GOST 8273.

Each row of brushes and brushes with bristle or hair tufts should be sprinkled with 1-2 g of technical naphthalene in accordance with GOST 16106.

Other commercially available anti-moth preparations may be used.

By agreement with the consumer, other packaging is allowed, ensuring the safety of brushes and brushes during storage and transportation.

1.5.2. Gross weight of boxes - no more than 30 kg.

1.5.3. The shipping container must include a packing list, which must indicate:

- name of the manufacturer;

- conventional designation of products;

- the number of products;

- technical control stamp;

- Release date.

1.5.4. Shipping container marking - in accordance with GOST 14192.

2. Acceptance

2.1. Brushes and brushes must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

2.2. Acceptance and delivery of brushes and brushes is carried out in batches.

The size of the batch is established by agreement of the parties.

The batch must consist of brushes and brushes of the same type or size, made of the same materials, processed one at a time technological process and simultaneously presented for acceptance on one document.

2.3. When checking brushes and brushes for compliance with the requirements of clauses 1.1.2, 1.2.3-1.2.11, 1.3.1-1.3.3, a two-stage control is used in accordance with Table 8.

2.4. A batch of brushes or brushes is accepted if the number of defective brushes or brushes in the first sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number, and rejected without assigning a second sample if the number of defective brushes or brushes is greater than or equal to the rejection number.

Table 8

If the number of defective brushes or brushes in the first sample is more than the acceptance number, but less than the rejection number, a second sample is carried out.

A batch of brushes or brushes is accepted if the number of defective brushes or brushes in two samples is less than or equal to the acceptance number, and rejected if the number of defective brushes or brushes in two samples is greater than or equal to the rejection number.

2.5. Checking brushes or brushes for compliance with the requirements of clauses 1.2.1 and 1.3.4 should be carried out at least once a year or when replacing the raw materials used, or manufacturing technology, for which 0.1% is taken from the batch, but not less than 3 pcs. brushes or brushes.

If, when checking the selected brushes or brushes, at least one product does not meet the requirements of paragraphs 1.2.1 and 1.3.4, retests should be carried out with a double number of products selected from the same batch.

If the results are unsatisfactory, the batch of brushes or brushes is not subject to acceptance.

Product re-inspection results are final.

2.6. The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the quality of brushes and brushes, observing the given order of sampling and applying the test methods established by this standard.

3. Test methods

3.1. The dimensions of brushes, brushes and their parts, as well as the requirements provided for in clause 1.2.11, are checked using measuring instruments, the measurement error of which± 0.1 mm, and templates.

Brushes with strapping according to clause 1.2.11 are not checked.

(Modified edition, Amendment N1).

3.2. Testing of bundles of brushes and brushes for heat resistance is carried out by immersing the bundle in hot water at a temperature of (70 ± 2) ° С and keeping them at this temperature for 1 h.

The water temperature is measured with a thermometer, the measurement error is ± 1 ° C.

3.3. Tests of parts of brushes and brushes for resistance to solvents or aggressive environments are carried out by immersing brushes or brushes in a solvent or aggressive environment.

All types of brushes and brushes, with the exception of brushes of the KMA type, are tested in one of the following ways:

- by keeping for 1 hour alternately in solvents N 646 in accordance with GOST 18188, R-12 in accordance with GOST 7827, solutions of copper sulfate and lime at a temperature of at least 20° WITH;

- by keeping in turn in acetone, benzene, solutions of copper sulfate and lime for 8 hours in each of them.

Brushes and brushes of the KP, KF, KFK and ShchT types in solutions of copper sulfate and lime are not tested.

The test of brushes of the KMA type is carried out by keeping alternately in solutions of copper sulfate and lime for 8 hours.

The concentration of the copper sulfate solution must be at least 10%, the lime solution must be with sediment.

After testing according to clauses 3.2 and 3.3 and drying, the beams are not allowed to appear twisting, shrinkage in length and brittleness.

Note. Brushes and brushes after each stage of testing should be rinsed in running water.

3.4. The strength of the connection of bundles of brushes with a holder and a handle, as well as blocks with a bundle, a handle or a holder, is determined on a tensile testing machine with a breaking force of 300 N (30 kgf) or using a dynamometer in accordance with GOST 13837 using a special device indicated in Fig. 12.

1 - cartridge; 2 - mandrel; 3 - handle; 4 - brush; 5 - metering area

Damn 12

The tests are carried out in the following sequence:

- a bundle of a brush or a brush with a diameter of 5 mm, selected in the peripheral part of the hand, is inserted into the hole of the cartridge and, using a movable cone, is fixed in it. After that, a brush or a brush with the specified device is installed on a tensile testing machine, fixing the brush handle and a device in it, or a dynamometer is used and readings are taken on a machine or dynamometer.

The indicators must correspond to the values ​​given in clause 1.2.1.

Determination of the strength of the connection of the bundles of brushes and handles is determined in at least two places.

The arithmetic mean of the results of two measurements is taken as the value of the bond strength.

3.5. The density factor of the bundles of brushes of the types KR, KRS, KM, KFK and brushes of the KRO, KP, KF types are checked for special devices, indicated respectively in Fig. 13 and 14.

1 - clamp; 2 - brush; 3 - base; 4 - fixed part of the device;

5 - the movable part of the device; 6 - rack; 7 - load

Damn. 13

1-clamp; 2 - brush; 3-base; 4 - fixed part of the device;

5 - movable part of the device; 6 - rack; 7 - load

Damn. 14

Compression of the bundle should be done in the middle of its length.

The beam density coefficient K is determined by the formula

,

where S 1 - the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam at the exit from the brush holder before it is introduced into the device;

S 2 - the cross-sectional area of ​​the brush beam after its compression in the device by the force P, measured as follows.

A brush is installed in the device so that the middle of the beam is on the edge of the movable part of the device. The movable part of the device is lowered. With the help of a stop, the brush is fixed in the device and a static load P is applied:

- for brushes of types KR, KRS, KM and KFK ... 49 N (5 kgf),

- for brushes of types KRO, KP and KF ... 29.4 N (3 kgf).

The static load P is added up from the mass of the load and the movable part of the device.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the bundle is determined on the scale of the fixture.

3.6. The requirements of clause 1.2.5 are checked using the device indicated in Fig. 18 of Appendix 2, or with a template.

3.7. The requirements of clauses 1.2.6, 1.2.8, 1.2.9 are checked visually by comparison with a reference sample.

3.8. The moisture content of the wood of the handles is determined according to GOST 16588-79.

3.9. The roughness parameter of wood parts is determined by comparing them with a reference sample or on a device.

4. Transportation and storage

4.1. Packaged brushes and brushes may be transported by any type of transport provided that measures are taken to protect the brushes and brushes from mechanical damage and exposure to moisture.

4.2. Storage of brushes and brushes - according to the storage conditions group C GOST 15150.

Appendix 1

Mandatory

Examples of cage execution

Executions of handbrake brushes of types KR, KRO

Execution 1 Execution 2 Execution 3

1 - bundle; 2 - clip; 3 - insert; 4 - handle

Damn. 15

1 - bed; 2 - rack; 3 - stopper; 4 - ring strip;

5 - insert; 6 - holder; 7 - scale; 8 - slider; 9 - brush

Damn. 18

(Modified edition, Amendment N 1).

Tsugunov Anton Valerievich

Reading time: 4 minutes

Many people do not even suspect that paint brushes and repair brushes are simply amazing in their abundance and functionality. Usually only one tool is used in all situations, but is that correct? So, let's take a closer look at what types of brushes are.

Types of brushes

• Flywheels (KM) are huge fluffy brushes made of natural fibers and with the addition of synthetics (nylon), have a round shape. Their diameter is 60-65 mm, and the length of the hairs reaches 180 mm. Usually used for painting large surfaces, rinsing or for whitewashing. They are highly resistant to contact with various solvents and other aggressive substances, they perfectly tolerate high temperature drops and are not afraid of hot water. When interacting with the work surface, they bend slightly, but then instantly straighten.

• Maklovitsy brushes (KMA) are an improved type of brushes that I use to apply glue or casein paint to various surfaces... They are based on natural horsehair (50%) and artificial bristles (nylon 50%), which allows you to evenly apply a layer of coating to a specific surface. There are two types of such brushes: round and rectangular. Their diameter is 120-170 mm, and the length of the hairs is 100 mm.

• Handbrake brushes (KR) are small round brushes used for painting wooden windows or pipes. Their diameter ranges from 26 to 54 mm. They consist of pure bristles and horsehair and have a round shape. The center of this tool is empty, allowing it to accumulate paint material. Not recommended for use with adhesives and limescale substances, as the hairs are adhered to the adhesive. Usually this tool is called simply - a round painting brush.

• Paneled brushes (FKF) are small brushes with a fairly comfortable handle and coarse white bristles. They are used on small surfaces to outline lines and paint hard-to-reach areas. The brush diameter is 6-18 mm.

• Radiators are a great tool for applying paint to hard-to-reach places: seams or bends. The name itself suggests that they are ideal for (radiators).

• Flange painting brush (CF) is a flat wide brush from 25 to 100 mm with a comfortable handle. It is made of bristle and badger hair. Ideal for removing sagging from other brushes.

• A synthetic flat brush (KP), or a flat brush with artificial bristles is a synthetic brush. It has a special property: its fibers, unlike natural fibers, retain their original (even) shape during use. It is excellent for paints diluted with water. Such a tool ideally holds the composition not only on the outer part of the nylon fibers, but also in their inner core.

• Facing brush (SCHT) is a hard and very stiff brush, which consists of a spinal or semi-spinal bristles. They are used for finishing freshly applied paint. It very effectively removes all irregularities caused by other devices.

Note: Spine bristle brushes are tapered so they can pick up more paint and apply it evenly to the surface.

Natural fiber bristles are ideal for painting, hold the composition well, applying it in an even layer. It is slightly rough to the touch, which allows it to absorb more paint. This is what distinguishes it from artificial (nylon) hairs.

The synthetic bristles are made of polymers and have a small thickness. Different types modern polymers allow you to achieve the desired stiffness. Nylon polyester bristles are perfect for water-intensive paints, its hairs do not absorb the paint material, nylon repels moisture and retains its original structure. In addition, nylon is better suited for painting the timber without leaving lint on it.

If you care about your tools and want them to last you as long as possible, then you must follow certain rules for their storage and use. New paint brushes or brushes that have not been used for a long time should be washed with hot water and a little soap to help clean the bristles of dust and broken fibers. After that, the bristles are squeezed out and dried.

Before the immediate start of painting work, it is necessary to soak the bristles so that it absorbs moisture, softens and increases in volume. So in a simple way smoother and more uniform paint application can be achieved.

Before starting painting work, the tool must be developed so that it takes the correct form. To do this, take a little paint mixture and the brush itself; any rough coating (brick, plaster, concrete) must be used as a test surface. Thus, the hairs will acquire the correct shape for further work... It is better to clean the work surface of all that is superfluous.

It is very important to use the instrument correctly. For example, a round brush on a work surface should be gradually rolled in your hand so that its hairs are erased evenly. In this case, you do not need to press it hard.

There are times when a person is simply physically unable to work through the entire surface. Naturally, he needs rest. During this time, the brush can be left in the paint or immersed in a special solution. If glue, lime, oil and casein solutions are used, then soak the tool in water. With kerosene, turpentine or drying oil compositions, it is recommended to use special solvents.

Very important: You do not need to immerse the brush completely, but only to a depth where the bristles touch the bottom slightly, otherwise the hairs will bend or break, it is best to hang them on a wire or other device.

How do I wash my brushes? To do this, we take kerosene, and then we use water and soap. Such simple procedures must be continued until the water stops staining, remaining clean. At the final stage, we hang them up and dry them. The cleaning process is complete.

How important is the shape of the hand?

Most people are used to saving their resources by using old tools from time immemorial, but this is completely wrong. You only think that you are saving, but you are not. For example, you can paint one surface all day with a small round bristle brush. It is much more profitable to get a large flat brush, which will paint an impressive surface in one stroke.

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A round small brush works best for a small work surface. This tool allows you to cover special areas such as round pipes... For hard-to-reach places, it is recommended to use the so-called corner brushes. It is important to remember that, above all, you save time.