The thread is inch. Translation of numbers into different number systems with the solution Thread diameter G"

16.06.2019

This article will discuss such concepts related to threaded connections as metric and inch threads. To understand the subtleties associated with a threaded connection, it is necessary to consider the following concepts:

Conical and cylindrical thread

The rod itself with applied to it tapered thread is a cone. Moreover, according to international rules, the taper should be 1 to 16, that is, for every 16 units of measurement (millimeters or inches) with increasing distance from the starting point, the diameter increases by 1 corresponding unit of measurement. It turns out that the axis around which the thread is applied and the conditional straight line drawn from the beginning of the thread to its end along the shortest path are not parallel, but are at a certain angle to each other. If it is even easier to explain, then if we have a length threaded connection was 16 centimeters, and the diameter of the rod at its starting point would be 4 centimeters, then at the point where the thread ends, its diameter would already be 5 centimeters.

rod with cylindrical thread is a cylinder, respectively, there is no taper.

Thread pitch (metric and inch)

The thread pitch can be large (or basic) and small. Under thread pitch is understood as the distance between the threads from the top of the thread to the top of the next thread. You can even measure it with a caliper (although there are special meters). This is done as follows - the distance between several vertices of the turns is measured, and then the resulting number is divided by their number. You can check the accuracy of the measurement according to the table for the corresponding step.

Cylindrical pipe thread according to GOST 6357-52
Designation	Number of threads N by 1"	thread pitch S, mm	Outside diameter threads, mm	Average diameter threads, mm	Inner diameter threads, mm
G1/8"	28	0,907	9,729	9,148	8,567
G1/4"	19	1,337	13,158	12,302	11,446
G3/8"	19	1,337	16,663	15,807	14,951
G1/2"	14	1,814	20,956	19,754	18,632
G3/4"	14	1,814	26,442	25,281	24,119
G7/8"	14	1,814	30,202	29,040	27,878
G1"	11	2,309	33,250	31,771	30,292

Nominal thread diameter

The label usually contains nominal diameter, for which in most cases is taken outside diameter threads. If the thread is metric, then a regular caliper with scales in millimeters can be used for measurement. Also, the diameter, as well as the thread pitch, can be viewed from special tables.

Metric and inch thread examples

Metric thread - has a designation of the main parameters in millimeters. For example, consider an elbow fitting with an external parallel thread EPL 6-GM5. In this case, EPL says that the fitting is angled, 6 is 6 mm - external diameter tube connected to the fitting. The letter "G" in its marking indicates that the thread is cylindrical. "M" indicates that the thread is metric, and the number "5" indicates a nominal thread diameter of 5 millimeters. Fittings (of those that we have on sale) with the letter “G” are also equipped with a rubber o-ring, and therefore do not require fum tape. The thread pitch in this case is - 0.8 millimeters.

Main settings inch thread, according to the name - are indicated in inches. It can be 1/8, 1/4, 3/8 and 1/2 inch threads, etc. For example, take a fitting EPKB 8-02. EPKB is a type of fitting (in this case, a splitter). The thread is conical, although there is no reference to this with the letter “R”, which would be more literate. 8 - indicates that the outer diameter of the connected tube is 8 millimeters. A 02 - that the connecting thread on the fitting is 1/4 inch. According to the table, the thread pitch is 1.337 mm. The nominal thread diameter is 13.157 mm.

The profiles of the conical and cylindrical threads coincide, which allows fittings with conical and cylindrical threads to be screwed together.

Usually, inch values are used in pipe diameter designations, so we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the table where inch values \u200b\u200bare converted to millimeters. V scientific literature use the concept of "conditional pass".

Under "conditional passage" understand the value (conditional diameter), conditionally characterizing inner diameter and not necessarily the same as the actual inside diameter. Conditional passage is taken from the standard range

1inch=25.4mm

Please note that if we take a 1 "(one inch) pipe, then the outer diameter is not equal to 25.4 mm. This is where the confusion begins -"pipe inches". Let's try to clarify this issue. If you look at the parameters of the cylindrical pipe thread, you will notice that the outer diameter (at one inch) is 33.249 mm, not 25.4.

The nominal diameter of the thread is conditionally related to the inner diameter of the pipe, and the thread is cut on the outer diameter. So we get a diameter of 25.4 mm + two pipe wall thicknesses ≈ 33.249 mm. Thus appeared"pipe inch".

Diameters in inches	Accepted conditional pipe diameters, mm	External dimensions of the steel pipe according to GOST 3262-75, mm
½ "	15	21,3
¾ "	20	26,8
1 "	25	33,5
1 ¼ "	32	42,3
1½ "	40	48
2 "	50	60
2½"	65	75,5
3 ""	80	88,5
4 "	100	114

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Conical and cylindrical thread

The rod itself with applied to it tapered thread is a cone. Moreover, according to international rules, the taper should be 1 to 16, that is, for every 16 units of measurement (millimeters or inches) with increasing distance from the starting point, the diameter increases by 1 corresponding unit of measurement. It turns out that the axis around which the thread is applied and the conditional straight line drawn from the beginning of the thread to its end along the shortest path are not parallel, but are at a certain angle to each other. To explain even more simply, if we had a threaded connection length of 16 centimeters, and the diameter of the rod at its starting point would be 4 centimeters, then at the point where the thread ends, its diameter would already be 5 centimeters.

rod with cylindrical thread is a cylinder, respectively, there is no taper.

Thread pitch (metric and inch)

Cylindrical pipe thread according to GOST 6357-52
Designation	Number of threads N by 1"	thread pitch S, mm	Outside diameter threads, mm	Average diameter threads, mm	Inner diameter threads, mm
G1/8"	28	0,907	9,729	9,148	8,567
G1/4"	19	1,337	13,158	12,302	11,446
G3/8"	19	1,337	16,663	15,807	14,951
G1/2"	14	1,814	20,956	19,754	18,632
G3/4"	14	1,814	26,442	25,281	24,119
G7/8"	14	1,814	30,202	29,040	27,878
G1"	11	2,309	33,250	31,771	30,292

Nominal thread diameter

The label usually contains nominal diameter, for which in most cases the outer diameter of the thread is taken. If the thread is metric, then a regular caliper with scales in millimeters can be used for measurement. Also, the diameter, as well as the thread pitch, can be viewed from special tables.

Metric and inch thread examples

Metric thread- has a designation of the main parameters in millimeters. For example, consider an elbow fitting with an external parallel thread EPL 6-GM5. In this case, EPL says that the fitting is angled, 6 is 6 mm - the outer diameter of the tube connected to the fitting. The letter "G" in its marking indicates that the thread is cylindrical. "M" indicates that the thread is metric, and the number "5" indicates a nominal thread diameter of 5 millimeters. Fittings (of those that we have on sale) with the letter “G” are also equipped with a rubber o-ring, and therefore do not require fum tape. The thread pitch in this case is - 0.8 millimeters.

The profiles of the conical and cylindrical threads coincide, which allows fittings with conical and cylindrical threads to be screwed together.

The calculator allows you to convert whole and fractional numbers from one number system to another. The base of the number system cannot be less than 2 and more than 36 (10 digits and 26 Latin letters, after all). Numbers must not exceed 30 characters. For input fractional numbers use symbol. or, . To convert a number from one system to another, enter the original number in the first field, the base of the original number system in the second, and the base of the number system to which you want to convert the number in the third field, then click the "Get Entry" button.

original number recorded in 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 -th number system.

I want to get a record of a number in 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 -th number system.

Get an entry

Completed translations: 1710505

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Truth table calculator. SDNF. SKNF. Zhegalkin polynomial

Number systems

Number systems are divided into two types: positional and not positional. We use the Arabic system, it is positional, and there is also the Roman one - it is just not positional. In positional systems, the position of a digit in a number uniquely determines the value of that number. This is easy to understand by looking at the example of some number.

Example 1. Let's take the number 5921 in the decimal number system. We number the number from right to left starting from zero:

The number 5921 can be written in the following form: 5921 = 5000+900+20+1 = 5 10 3 +9 10 2 +2 10 1 +1 10 0 . The number 10 is a characteristic that defines the number system. The values of the position of the given number are taken as degrees.

Example 2. Consider the real decimal number 1234.567. We number it starting from the zero position of the number from the decimal point to the left and to the right:

The number 1234.567 can be written as follows: 1234.567 = 1000+200+30+4+0.5+0.06+0.007 = 1 10 3 +2 10 2 +3 10 1 +4 10 0 +5 10 -1 + 6 10 -2 +7 10 -3 .

Converting numbers from one number system to another

Most in a simple way transferring a number from one number system to another is the translation of the number first into the decimal number system, and then, the result obtained into the required number system.

Converting numbers from any number system to decimal number system

To convert a number from any number system to decimal, it is enough to number its digits, starting from zero (the digit to the left of the decimal point) similarly to examples 1 or 2. Let's find the sum of the products of the digits of the number by the base of the number system to the power of the position of this digit:

1. Convert number 1001101.1101 2 to decimal number system.
Solution: 10011.1101 2 = 1 2 4 +0 2 3 +0 2 2 +1 2 1 +1 2 0 +1 2 -1 +1 2 -2 +0 2 -3 +1 2 - 4 = 16+2+1+0.5+0.25+0.0625 = 19.8125 10
Answer: 10011.1101 2 = 19.8125 10

2. Convert number E8F.2D 16 to decimal number system.
Solution: E8F.2D 16 = 14 16 2 +8 16 1 +15 16 0 +2 16 -1 +13 16 -2 = 3584+128+15+0.125+0.05078125 = 3727.17578125 10
Answer: E8F.2D 16 = 3727.17578125 10

Converting numbers from a decimal number system to another number system

To convert numbers from a decimal number system to another number system, the integer and fractional parts of the number must be translated separately.

Converting the integer part of a number from a decimal number system to another number system

The integer part is converted from the decimal number system to another number system by successively dividing the integer part of the number by the base of the number system until an integer remainder is obtained, which is less than the base of the number system. The result of the transfer will be a record from the remains, starting with the last one.

3. Convert number 273 10 to octal number system.
Solution: 273 / 8 = 34 and remainder 1, 34 / 8 = 4 and remainder 2, 4 is less than 8, so the calculation is complete. The record from the remnants will look like this: 421
Examination: 4 8 2 +2 8 1 +1 8 0 = 256+16+1 = 273 = 273 , the result is the same. So the translation is correct.
Answer: 273 10 = 421 8

Let's consider the translation of correct decimal fractions into various number systems.

Converting the fractional part of a number from a decimal number system to another number system

Recall the correct decimal called real number with zero integer part. To translate such a number into a number system with base N, you need to consistently multiply the number by N until the fractional part is zeroed or the required number of digits is obtained. If during multiplication a number with an integer part other than zero is obtained, then the integer part is not taken into account further, since it is sequentially entered into the result.

4. Convert number 0.125 10 to binary system reckoning.
Solution: 0.125 2 = 0.25 (0 is the integer part, which will be the first digit of the result), 0.25 2 = 0.5 (0 is the second digit of the result), 0.5 2 = 1.0 (1 is the third digit of the result, and since the fractional part is zero , the translation is complete).
Answer: 0.125 10 = 0.001 2

In the construction market, 2 sizes of structures are popular:

1\2 and 3\4 - make up a separate category. due to special thread parameters (1.814), per 1 unit. measures accounted for 14 strands;
within 1 - 6 inches, the pitch is reduced to 2.309, forming 11 threads that do not affect the decrease or increase in the quality of the connection.

One inch is 25.4 mm long, it is used to determine the internal parameters, but when laying reinforced pipes, the diameter is 33.249 mm (including the internal section and 2 walls). There is an exception in the range of steel structures - products in ½ inch, where the outer section is 21.25 mm. This parameter used when calculating the dimensions of pipes with a cylindrical thread type. When calculating for pipes with a cross section of 5 inches, the internal dimension will be 12.7 cm, and the external - 166.245 (reduced to 1 decimal place is allowed).

The difference between measurement systems

In terms of external parameters, inch designs do not differ from metric ones, the difference lies in the type of notches. There are 2 types of threads according to the inch system - English and American. The first option corresponds to a notch angle of 55 degrees, and the metric (American) system with an angle of 60 degrees. generally accepted.

At different degrees, it is difficult to distinguish the angle by 55 for inch and 60 for metric designs, and the rounding of the threads is immediately visible, the occurrence of an error is impossible. A thread gauge is used to measure the thread pitch, but an ordinary ruler or other device is well used instead.

Replacing steel pipes with polymer ones

In the gas and water supply network, steel products are used, the diameter of which is indicated in inches (1", 2") or fractions (1/2", 3/4"). When measuring a 1" pipe cross-section, the result is 33.5 mm, which corresponds to 1" (25.4 mm). When arranging pipeline reinforcing elements, where the parameters are indicated in inches, there are no difficulties. But when installing products made of PP, copper or stainless steel instead of steel structures, it is required to take into account the difference in the name and parameters.

To create a given level of flow, the internal diameter of the pipes is taken into account. For inch ordinary pipes, it is 27.1 mm, for reinforced 25.5 mm, closest to 1 ". Pipelines are designated in conventional units flow section Du (DN). It determines the parameters of the pipe clearance and is indicated in numerical values. The step of the conditional flow section is selected taking into account the increase in throughput characteristics by 40-60% with an increase in the index. If the external cross-section and the purpose of the structures are known, the internal cross-section is determined using the dimension table.

During connection steel pipes with polymer structures, replacing one with another, conventional adapters are used. Dimensional mismatch results from the use of copper, aluminum or stainless steel products manufactured to metric standards. The actual metric dimensions of the pipes are taken into account - internal and external.

Steel pipes of the Russian Federation in comparison with the European standard

To compare the range of pipes according to GOST RF and European standards, the following table is used:

How to decide on the choice of diameter?

Their throughput characteristics depend on the diameter of water pipes - the volume of water passed for 1 unit. time. It depends on the speed of the water flow. With its increase, the risk of pressure drop in the line increases. Throughput characteristics are calculated according to formulas, but when planning intra-apartment wiring, they take pipes of certain parameters.

For the plumbing system:

1.5 cm (1/2 inch)
1 cm (3/8 inch).

For the riser, structures with an internal cross section are used:

2.5 cm (1 inch);
2 cm (3/4 inch).

Given that the inner cross section of the half-inch polymer pipes varies in the range from 11 to 13 mm, and one-inch - from 21 to 23, an experienced plumber will be able to determine the exact parameters when replacing. With a complex type of wiring, numerous joints, turns and laying the network at a great distance, reducing the pressure, it should be possible to carry out the wiring of pipes with a large cross section. As the diameter increases, the pressure level increases.

Below is a table for determining the patency of steel pipes:

Steel pipe diameter

The cross section of the pipes corresponds to a number of indicators:

Nominal diameter (Dn, Dy) - nominal parameters (in mm) of the internal cross-section of pipes or their rounded indicators, in inches.
Rated value (Dn Dn,).
external size.
The metric calculation system allows classifying structures into small ones - from 5 ... 102 mm, medium - from 102 ... 426, large - 426 mm and more.
Wall thickness.
inner diameter.

The internal cross section of pipes with different threads corresponds to the following parameters:

1/2 inch pipeline - 1.27 cm;
3/4 inch - 1.9 cm;
7/8 inch - 2.22 cm;
1 inch - 2.54 cm;
1.5 inches - 3.81 cm;
2 inches - 5.08 cm.

The following indicators are used to determine the thread diameter:

pipeline 1/2 inch - 2.04 - 2.07 cm;
3/4 inches - 2.59 - 2.62 cm;
7/8 inch - 2.99 - 3 cm;
1 inch - 3.27 - 3.3 cm;
1.5 inches - 4.58 - 4.62 cm;
2 inches - 5.79 - 5.83 cm.

Table of correspondence between the diameter of steel pipes and polymer structures:

Steel pipe prices:

Pipe diameter PP

PP pipes are produced with a diameter of 0.5 to 40 cm or more. The diameter is internal and external. The first indicator allows you to find out the volume of environments traversed in 1 unit. time. The external cross section is used for construction calculations, namely the choice of a niche or pit for laying a highway. External parameters allow you to choose the right fittings with the corresponding internal indicators.

Small - 0.5; one; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3.2; 4; 5; 6.3 and 7.5 cm is used for heating systems, drains and water supply in private buildings. An internal cross section of 3.2 cm is most popular in multi-storey buildings.
Medium - 8; 9; 10; eleven; 12.5; sixteen; twenty; 25 and 31.5 cm is used for arranging water supply and sewer systems, allowing you to change cast iron products with similar external parameters. Inner size in 8, 9 and 10 cm ideal for chemical environments.
Large - 40 cm or more is used for arranging cold water supply and ventilation systems.

Pipes are marked in inches and mm. When choosing designs for plumbing and heating system, the wall thickness is taken into account, which affects the conditional patency of highways with the same external parameters. With an increase in its parameter, an increase in pressure in the plumbing system is allowed. Small dimensions allow to reduce the level of costs for the purchase of material and water consumption.