Insulation for the walls of the house outside: types of thermal insulation and features of materials. We choose insulation for the walls of the house outside: price, types and overview of manufacturers A series of insulation of external walls

Wide range of heaters for wooden houses, they can insulate the house outside, and some even inside the house. Which types are suitable for frame house? Which is the best, consider their characteristics in this article! Correctly carried out will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.

When it is done correctly, then under its “protection” it will not only be warmer in the house in winter, but also noticeably cooler in summer.

Installation of insulation will create a comfortable microclimate in a room for any purpose - in a residential building, office or production workshop.

In addition, saving heat is an obvious financial savings. It is completely unreasonable to heat the street, despite the fact that the technologies used today provide an opportunity to start saving energy resources at an early stage. construction works. Most of all, those parts of the building that are more adjacent to the external environment need the use of heaters -, and.

The material produced in this way has excellent properties, besides it is not combustible, and therefore does not pose a fire hazard. But a huge part of the wonderful qualities of a heater can be irretrievably lost when it gets wet. This should be taken into account.

Cotton wool stone

stone wool

This is a fibrous material that goes on sale in the form of rolls and portioned plates, and has an extremely low thermal conductivity.

The highest quality product is made from rocks called gabbro-basalt. This non-combustible material is used with equal success in the construction of private facilities and the construction of various production facilities. A wide range of use is also explained by the possibility of its use at extremely high t, reaching a rate of one thousand degrees.

The insulation's complete immunity to fire is complemented by its excellent moisture resistance. This is a hydrophobic material, the peculiarity of which is that it does not absorb water, but repels it.

This ensures that the insulation remains dry even after a long period of time. This, in turn, will allow her to maintain her high working qualities. Unique properties basalt wool allows you to use it even in boiler rooms, baths and saunas, where both high humidity and high temperature are combined. Strength in this case is not directly dependent on the density of the material.

It's pretty soft material with a sufficient margin of safety. Its structural stability is due to the special arrangement of the individual constituent fibers - chaotic and vertical. The material has high anti-corrosion properties.

It can quite peacefully coexist with concrete and metal, without the occurrence different kind chemical reactions. High biological stability provides him with immunity to various biological pests: damage by insects and rodents, the occurrence fungal diseases,

Burn test basalt insulation withstood, and organic heaters burned out

Basalt rock is the main raw material for the production of this type of wool.. Treatment with formaldehyde resins gives the material a sufficient level of strength, and the materials used modern technologies guarantee the complete elimination of harmful phenols even at the stage of material production.

The final product that reaches the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.

It is actively used for warming floors of residential and industrial premises, for thermal insulation of roofs and facades, including as an external insulation.

It has found wide application in rooms with extreme levels of humidity and temperature. The best basalt insulation, stone wool made from rocks is a guarantee of high quality for a long time.

Glass wool

The missing 7% is accounted for by specially added flame retardants. Insulation fibers contain lignin, which becomes sticky with increasing humidity. All elements included in the insulation are non-toxic, absolutely non-volatile and harmless to health. Cellulose insulation is not amenable to combustion, rotting processes, has excellent soundproofing and heat-insulating performance.

It can retain approximately 20% humidity while maintaining its working qualities. The material releases moisture to the outside and dries quickly, retaining all its performance. The disadvantage of ecowool can be considered the difficulty of its manual application to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging a “floating floor” due to its inherent softness.

Penoizol

Another name for the material is carbamide foam. This is a modern material with high sound and heat insulating characteristics, which is a cheap insulation. It is a cellular organic foam with particularly low density and low thermal conductivity. The material has a high resistance to fire, resistance to microorganisms, low price. It is easy to handle and has an air content of up to 90%.

Insulation of the attic with penoizol

The tests carried out demonstrated the capabilities of the material. It turned out that the time of its operation, as the middle layer of the structure of the frame structure, is actually not limited by anything. Tests of its fire resistance showed that the material can be safely classified as slow-burning.

This is the only heat-insulating material of polymer nature used, which is not at all adapted to self-combustion. Its fire resistance index refers it to the G2 flammability subgroup.

Even if the highest temperature occurs during a fire, when the metal begins to melt, the carbide foam will only evaporate, and without releasing toxic or harmful substances.

Isocom

This is a special foil material (on both sides or only on one). It is a fabric made of polyethylene foam, covered on the outside with a highly polished aluminum foil. This is a multi-layered vapor, sound and heat insulating material that combines completely different qualities.

With a minimum thickness of the insulating layer, it provides excellent properties of reflection of the heat flow, successfully combined with the highest (almost maximum) thermal resistance. Properly installed material is characterized by exceptionally effective thermal insulation of the building along its entire contour.

It's harmless eco-friendly material, which does not pose a threat to the ozone layer. It does not contain glass or other fibers that are unsafe for human and animal health.

Without changing its exceptional properties, it serves for about 50 years, without deforming or being damaged during all this time.

Installation is quite simple and very convenient: it does not require special equipment. Excellent protection against steam and moisture. Used almost everywhere.

High-quality insulation for the exterior walls of the house will help to ensure that the optimal air temperature and humidity level are maintained in the living room. External wall insulation is carried out through the use of the most modern heat-insulating materials, each of which has its own characteristics. specific traits, advantages and disadvantages: it is mineral wool and foam, warm plaster and polyurethane foam, penoplex and technoplex. In each individual case, the most suitable insulation can be selected in accordance with certain requirements, its technical characteristics and operating conditions.

Features of external insulation

Installation of external wall insulation is the most effective way to protect the building from the negative impact:

• moisture;
• high temperature;
• frost.

That is why right choice insulation for the walls of the house outside is of such great importance. For each locality and each region, there is a certain calculated indicator of the total resistance of the supporting structures of buildings to heat transfer. To achieve this value allows the creation of thermal insulation of external walls in accordance with all the requirements of SNiP and GOST.

Among the many ways to insulate building facades in modern private construction, the following are especially popular:

1. Application of plaster over materials for external insulation. With this method, several layers of a construction cake are created, the first of which is a mounting adhesive that ensures the tightest possible fit of thermal insulation boards, the next is directly a heater for external walls, then a reinforcing nylon mesh, which creates structural strength, decorative coating. The role of such a layer is siding or decorative plastic panels used to decorate the facade of the building.
2. Creation of thermal insulation for walls from the outside according to the principle of a ventilated structure. During the course of this work, various materials for insulation, including slabs or rolled sheets mineral wool. Such a cake is more complex and requires the assembly of a frame and crates from metal profiles or wooden bars. Slabs or blocks are placed in the cells of the assembled structure, in the form of which manufacturers produce modern heaters. To protect against wind and moisture, a waterproofing diffuse vapor permeable membrane is attached. The next important step is the fastening of the counter-lattice rail, which is necessary to create a ventilated gap. The final layer is plastic panels or siding.

All materials for wall insulation from the outside have many positive qualities, but when performing work on creating high-quality thermal insulation with their own hands, they choose the method that requires minimal material and physical costs.

Creating a high-quality thermal coat requires certain knowledge and skills in performing plastering works. It is easier to work with the level, but high accuracy is required when mounting the frame and crate. To make plaster in such a way as to give greater aesthetics to the facade of the building, few inhabitants or novice craftsmen are capable of. For them, complex methods have been developed for insulating the outer walls of the building.

Decorative materials for thermal insulation

Modern types of insulation for facade walls are so numerous and varied that it is not so easy for the consumer to make a choice. Decorative panels made of polystyrene foam are very popular. If their thickness reaches 6 cm, then this guarantees a high level of protection of the walls from freezing in winter time of the year. Decorative panels for wall thermal insulation allow you to refuse to carry out work on applying decorative facade plaster to the surface.

An important condition for the performance of work for the insulation of external load-bearing structures using expanded polystyrene panels is surface preparation. Of course, particularly careful plastering is not required, but the walls must be absolutely even:

1. The presence of bumps, influx of mortar or large voids is unacceptable.
2. After complete drying plaster mortar on a clean, dry surface, an adhesive composition of the "Penocement" type is applied. The panels are applied to the wall and strongly pressed, achieving a snug fit.
3. Excess glue protruding from under each panel fills the seams, strengthening them and protecting them from moisture penetration.

The advantage of external wall insulation with decorative panels is not only in the absence of the need for so-called "wet" work. Thermal insulation panels are the insulation of the walls of the house, for the creation of which an environmentally friendly material is used, quite resistant to negative influences, characterized by high water repellency. This is not just a decoration of the facade, it is a means to protect the walls and maintain comfortable living conditions inside the premises. Deciding which outer insulation better, you need to take into account all the nuances, including features:

• climatic conditions;
• materials that served as the basis for the construction of walls;
• creating a thermal insulation structure.

In some situations, such thermal insulation materials are not the optimal solution and can provide effective protection buildings from freezing. In this case, to insulate the outer walls, they equip the hinged thermal insulation by constructing a frame and a crate.

Mineral wool

External thermal insulation of walls using mineral wool provides for the performance of work in a "dry way". To achieve a positive result, it is necessary to mount the frame, the constituent elements of which are metal profiles or wooden blocks. They are installed strictly vertically. The vertical is checked with a laser level or building level with spirit level.

The distance between the frame guides should be 2-3 cm less than the width of the plate or roll strip. This will ensure a tight entry of the insulation into the cells of the crate.

The laid slabs or mats are covered with a waterproofing material, fixing it with construction stapler. The next stage is the assembly of the crate from the transverse beams. To do this, you need slats, the thickness of which is half the height of the bar. Such a counter-lattice provides an effective air barrier that prevents the penetration of cold and moisture. When choosing which insulation for the exterior walls of a house is better, many consumers prefer mineral wool. This choice is based on the properties of this material:

• light weight;
• ease of installation;
• affordability;
• ecological cleanliness;
• high quality sound insulation.

The main advantage of mineral wool is fire resistance. Further implementation of work on insulation and decorative design facade is associated with the installation of decorative plastic panels or siding. The outer layer of the finish improves the aesthetic appeal of the building and provides high-quality, reliable and effective protection of the heat-insulating material from the damaging effects of various negative factors.

polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a special type of plastic with a cellular structure that has become widespread when used as a heat-insulating material for the exterior walls of buildings. With it, you can create a particularly durable high-quality and, most importantly, seamless coating, which will become a guarantee of good sound and heat insulation when arranging the protection of the facade walls of country private houses.

Such work requires the participation of qualified specialists and the use of special equipment. Insulation in liquid form under high pressure is fed through a hose for application to the surface to be insulated. The ability to change the pressure in the system allows you to adjust the thickness of the applied layer, increasing it in those places where the insulation layer is too thin.

When creating thermal insulation using polyurethane foam, the location of the dew point remains unchanged.

Polyurethane foam is used not only for application directly to outer surface walls, it is poured between the elements during the construction of the supporting structure, which guarantees a high level of protection of the walls from freezing. When creating a building facade insulation system, some features and advantages of this insulation are taken into account, including:

1. The ability to completely repeat the shape of the wall, even when insulating buildings with complex geometry.
2. Creation of a seamless coating that excludes the penetration of cold air or moisture.
3. The correct calculation of the thickness of the insulation layer allows you to protect the building from dew point displacement and protect the building from condensation, the development and growth of mold and fungus.
4. The closed cell structure does not allow the insulation to collapse under the influence of moisture.

The performance of work on the insulation of the facade of the house using other materials does not guarantee the exclusion of the appearance of cold bridges, thermal seams, a large number of joints that require additional strengthening and protection. All this is excluded when applied to the surface of polyurethane foam. The composition fills the space between the guides of the frame or completely covers the surface of the outer walls around the entire perimeter of the house.

To take alone the right decision when choosing a heater for the exterior walls of a private building, you should carefully study the characteristics of the currently existing heat-insulating materials and the features of each of them. The video will help you understand the nuances and get reliable information about all the methods of insulation and the substances used in the course of work.

When deciding which wall insulation can be used in each individual case, you should carefully study the features and benefits of each of the materials offered by modern manufacturers.

30% of the heat from the house goes through the walls. This has been proven by research. Therefore, in order to reduce heat loss, it is recommended, and not from the inside. Firstly, internal thermal insulation is a reduction in the space of rooms. Secondly, the dew point passes under the insulation, that is, between the wall and the heat-insulating layer. This means that the wall will freeze through, which will affect it. technical condition. Today, manufacturers of thermal insulation materials offer a wide range of their products. But the question of which one to choose does not become less relevant. Insulation for the walls of the house outside (price, specifications, installation methods) is the most important component of construction. Therefore, his choice must be approached with special care.

Read in the article

Criteria for choosing insulation for the exterior walls of the house

The main indicator by which you need to make a choice,. The smaller it is, the better. The second criterion is hygroscopicity. This property is referred to as - to absorb moisture. The thing is that the moist air vapors that have penetrated inside at low temperatures will begin to turn into ice, which will negate all the characteristics of the heat-insulating material. They learned to deal with this by covering the insulation layer on both sides with vapor and waterproofing films. But this is another material cost. Although in some cases this is not enough.

The third criterion is strength. The outer side of the wall is a section that is often subjected to various loads, including mechanical ones. And although the heat-insulating layer will still need to be closed, this does not mean that the strength of the insulation must be approached from the position - "this is an unimportant component."

The fourth rule of choice is the price of the product. There is a fairly wide range, in which there are both very cheap materials and very expensive ones. Of course, the quality determines the price. But there are offers on the market in which the price-quality ratio is within the optimal limits. Therefore, it is worth understanding all the proposed heaters and choosing not the most expensive, but with good technical and operational characteristics.

Types of thermal insulation materials for wall insulation outside

Thermal insulation for walls outside - these are several modern materials belonging to the categories of fibrous and cellular.

1. The group of the first includes mineral wool: stone, glass, slag. The first is made from various rocks, which are melted and drawn into threads, then they are woven in a chaotic manner. For the second, the raw material is glass, for the third, waste from blast furnaces (slags). Three species have an increased coefficient of hygroscopicity.
2. The second group includes polymer materials, which in the production process receive a cellular structure. It can be closed or open. The first option is better, because such heaters do not absorb moisture.

Consider a few basic insulation for walls outside, denote their technical characteristics.

Specifications	glass wool	slag	Stone
Thermal conductivity, W/(m×K)	0.03÷0.052	0.046÷0.048	0.035÷0.041
Maximum heating temperature, °С	500	300	600
Water absorption, %	2÷3	2	1÷2
Fiber thickness, microns	5÷15	4÷12	3÷5
Fiber length, mm	15÷50	16	5÷10

The table shows those characteristics that are not related to the density of the material. Because manufacturers offer models with different densities, hence the purpose of each brand. For example, P-75 insulation has a density of 75 kg / m³. Such wool is recommended to be used for thermal insulation of surfaces that are not subjected to large mechanical loads. That is, for the insulation of walls outside the house, this option is just right. Although it is necessary to take into account the fact that this material does not have the highest strength. It is optimal for reinforced concrete walls to use PZh-175 cotton wool.

Attention! Mineral wool is produced in rolls and in mats. For thermal insulation of walls, it is better to use the second form of manufacture.

Manufacturers today, for example, offer basalt wool in mats, one edge that compresses well, but straightens out when installed between frame elements. Thus, the material fits snugly to the frame, without creating cold bridges.

Polymer cellular insulation

The most famous insulation from this category is foam. In fact, these are polystyrene plates in which source material only 2%, the rest is air. Hence the good thermal insulation performance, and low strength, and low price.

It should be noted that the foam that is used as packaging cannot be called a heater. That is, speaking of insulation for the exterior walls of the house, one must mean modified polystyrene foam boards.

Modified polystyrene foam

Expanded polystyrene boards for thermal insulation differ from packing polystyrene with increased density. The second is made by the non-pressing method, hence its low strength characteristics. Expanded polystyrene plates are molded under pressure using high temperatures, thereby increasing their density, and, accordingly, their strength.

There is also the so-called extruded polystyrene foam in this category, its prominent representative is the plates produced under the brand name. This is still the same polymer insulation, only the technology of its production is based on the melting of the feedstock, followed by the addition of a foaming agent and pressure molding, or rather, extrusion. This process is called extrusion. At the same time, this technology makes it possible to cast products of any shape, not only plates.

So, let's compare three foam polystyrene insulation; non-pressed - PSB, pressed - PS, extruded - XPS.

Specifications	PSB	PS	EPS
Thermal conductivity, W/(m×K)	0.032÷0.036	0.032÷0.035	0,032
Density, kg/m³	15÷50	25÷45	25÷45
Compressive strength, MPa	0.07÷0.38	0.15÷0.25	0,2
Bending strength, MPa	0.15÷0.42	0.2÷0.25	0,25
Water absorption, %	8÷10	4	0,4

Now, as for the insulation of the house from the outside with foam, that is, a non-pressed model. This material has high rate water absorption. Therefore, in any case, it will have to be closed. Warming the house outside with Penoplex is an opportunity not only not to close the heat-insulating layer with waterproofing, but also to apply wet finishes to it: and.

Again, pay attention to density. All other parameters depend on it. The denser the plate, the higher the quality of its characteristics.

Polyurethane foam (PPU)

This is the most the best insulation with the lowest thermal conductivity - 0.019 ÷ 0.03 W / (m × K). At the same time, the polymer has other high characteristics:

• does not absorb water;
• does not let steam through;
• high chemical resistance;
• attaches to any building materials without additional fasteners;
• low G1, some types of PPU are self-extinguishing types;
• material density is 30÷80 kg/m³;
• service life of at least 30 years.

Attention! Polyurethane foam is prepared at the construction site by combining two components: polyol and isocyanate. Mixing with each other, they form a liquid mixture, which is applied to the wall for thermal insulation. In the air, the insulation turns into a solid and durable material.

That is, for carrying out heat-insulating measures with polyurethane foam, special equipment is needed, where the mixing of the two components is carried out. The insulation itself is applied under pressure to the insulated surfaces.

Alternative solutions - liquid wall insulation

The term "liquid insulation" for walls and other structures is just slang among the inhabitants. This material is a mastic or, which includes:

• hollow microgranules in the form of spheres (0.02÷0.1 mm in diameter) made of ceramics, glass, polymers;
• microporous particles of titanium dioxide;
• binder, acrylic or latex is more often used.

Since the consistency of the material is liquid, then it is applied to the treated surfaces in the usual way: using a brush, roller or spray gun. At the same time, a small film thickness is formed on the surfaces - at least 1 mm. And it is enough to talk about thermal protection.

But why such a thin coating creates the effect of warming. Here you need to understand in what ways heat flows through the walls of the house.

1. thermal conductivity of the wall. That is, heat is transferred from a heated material to a cold one. V liquid thermal insulation Only binding ingredients can transfer heat. And they are only 20% in the volume of insulation.
2. Convection. There are no options here, because in the composition of the heat-insulating material a large volume is occupied by granules filled with air.
3. Radiation. This is the transfer of thermal energy due to the energy state of the substance itself. Inside the mastic, 90% are balls that reflect thermal energy. That is, the material applied to the walls of the house creates the effect of a thermos.

Today, manufacturers of liquid thermal insulation offer different formulations used for various building structures. Since materials for wall insulation from the outside are being dismantled, it is necessary to choose a mastic intended for application to the facade of the building. Its name necessarily contains the word "Facade". For example, Korund-Facade, Bronya-Facade. Although many universal thermal paints can be used for thermal insulation external walls buildings.

Here are the technical characteristics of Korund-Facade:

Specifications	Paint Korund-Facade
Thermal conductivity, W/(m×K)	0,0012
Heat transfer, W/(m²×K)	4
Vapor permeability, mg/(m×h×Pa)	0,03
Water absorption, %	2
Service life on concrete surfaces, years	10
Bending elasticity of the film, mm	1
Resistance to temperature changes, °С	-60 to +120
Paint application temperature, °C	+7
Adhesion, score	1

Ventilated facades

V modern construction two varieties are used:

1. Traditional when applied directly to the wall surface with different ways mounts.
2. ventilated- this is when a gap remains between the wall and the cladding, which acts as ventilation. With its help, wet vapors and condensate are removed from the wall surface.

So in the first case, when the task is to insulate the wall, moisture-resistant materials are used. These include polystyrene foam boards made using extrusion technology. That is, if the question is raised of choosing a heater for the walls of the house outside under, then Penoplex is used. It is simply glued to the wall with a special adhesive or fastened with mushroom-shaped self-tapping screws. Polyurethane foam behaves well under wet coatings.

As for ventilated facades, any insulation from the above can be used here. Because this design, firstly, is a frame, and secondly, it is possible to fix it in the form of a membrane, which will save the insulation from the negative effects of moisture.

For example, how to properly use mineral wool in ventilated insulated facades.

1. The frame is stuffed onto the wall - these are vertical wooden ones, the distance between which should be slightly less than the width of the basalt mat.
2. A vapor barrier film with sag is laid. That is, it is attached to the frame, but the main canvas must be adjacent to the surface of the wall.
3. Insulation is placed between the elements of the crate.
4. over frame structure the waterproofing membrane is stuffed.
5. According to the elements of the frame, exactly the same bars are installed and fastened.
6. On them, the cladding is mounted in the form of, and other sheet or panel products.

Three-layer wall construction

This wall insulation technology has been known for a long time. In fact, these are two walls, between which heat-insulating material is laid. The option is very good, but with some requirements specifically for the insulation, because this layer must work big time. Getting close to it if replacement or repair is required will be difficult, and often impossible. So there are two main requirements:

1. The material must be resistant to shrinkage. This can only be ensured by polystyrene boards of the PS or EPS brand with a density of at least 45 kg / m³.
2. Water absorption of thermal insulation should not exceed 1%. We turn to the tables with technical characteristics and see that only polystyrene foam boards made by extrusion are suitable for this requirement.

There are no other options, so Penoplex is used in this technology.

Rules for calculating insulation for house walls

We turn to a very important question, how to calculate the thickness of the insulation. To make it clear, let's consider it using the example of insulating a wall erected from a foam block with a thickness of 30 cm or 0.3 m. The insulation is basalt wool, which from the outside will be covered with a facing brick 12 cm (0.12 m) thick.

Input data:

1. The thermal conductivity of the foam block is 0.26 W / (m × K).
2. The thermal conductivity of mineral wool is 0.045.
3. The thermal conductivity of a brick is 0.52.
4. The heat resistance of the region where the house is being built is 3.45 m² × ° C / W. This corresponds to an indoor temperature of +22°C.

R = H / λ , where

H is the thickness of the material,

λ is its thermal conductivity.

• Rс = 0.3 × 0.26 = 0.078 is the thermal resistance of the wall.
• Rc = 0.12 × 0.52 = 0.062 - This is an indicator for a brick.

The resistance of a region is the sum of the resistances of all the materials used in the construction of the house wall. That is:

R \u003d Rc + Rk + Ru , where

Ru - this is the heat resistance of the insulation, and it must be found.

It turns out:

Ru \u003d R - Rc - Rk \u003d 3.45 - 0.078 - 0.062 \u003d 3.31.

From the formula: R=H/λ you can display the thickness of the insulation layer: H = R × λ = 3.31 × 0.045 = 0.15 m , or 15 cm, or 150 mm.

Thickness of thermal insulation materials in comparison

Now more and more often the insulation of buildings is used outside. This also applies to private houses and high-rise buildings. By insulating the walls from the outside, you can save up to 50% of energy resources on heating and air conditioning, so that the cost of thermal insulation sometimes pays off in less than five years.

However, before embarking on thermal insulation measures, you need to decide on the choice of insulation, which is best suited in a particular case. It is also important to choose which of the methods of insulation from the outside will be more suitable. These are the questions we will consider next.

Why better insulation outside

External wall insulation is used more often internal insulation for several reasons.

1. Does not deal with thermal insulation of the living space. This is especially true in small apartments and small houses, because the stand of insulation with sheathing reaches 7-8 cm, which significantly reduces the already small living area.
2. Outside, you can put a much larger layer of insulation, which will, as a result, give a much better heat-insulating effect.
3. External wall insulation is combined with some kind of modern finish, such as siding, which can update a dilapidated facade
4. The seams between the slabs are closed in case of insulation from the outside of multi-storey block houses.
5. defended construction material, from which the walls are built, thereby extending its service life.
6. A house insulated from the outside, clad in siding, or plastered with a modern decorative mix increases in value dramatically, so insulation is a good investment.

What technologies are used for external insulation

External thermal insulation provides for several methods, among which the most common are three main methods.

1. Wet insulation technology when the sheet heat insulating material is glued to the wall, followed by additional mount using dowels with a mushroom-shaped perforated cap. Further, the surface is reinforced with a special fiberglass mesh, which is mounted on a layer of plaster adhesive. After a full cycle of surface preparation, one of the types of decorative plaster coating, which, after drying, is painted with tinted water-based paint.
2. Way hinged facade , which is somewhat reminiscent of intra-wall insulation. In this case, the heat insulator is fixed to the existing surface, in the same way as with the method described above. Next, the exterior masonry is erected, which is then plastered and painted. It is possible to make an external masonry from decorative brick to avoid the need finishing. A ventilation gap is left between the wall surface and the heat-insulating layer.
3. The most popular, especially for external insulation of private houses, is ventilated facade technology. In the case of the implementation of this option, a crate is constructed, which is intended for sheathing with thermal panels or siding. Between the guides of such a frame, a heat-insulating material is laid, which is fastened either in a spacer between the elements of the crate, or with the help of mushroom-like dowels. Outside, a windproof film is fixed, which protects against moisture, including if a hygroscopic heat insulator is used. The last step here is cladding with siding or some similar finishing cladding.

The choice of one of the methods described above depends on the type of building, its number of storeys, the material from which the walls are built. So, with external thermal insulation of the walls of high-rise buildings, it is better to use the “wet” method. When insulating private houses, the construction of a ventilated facade with siding is preferable. Depending on the technology used, preferences for a particular thermal insulation material change.

What types of heaters exist

All the most common thermal insulation materials used outside are divided into natural and polymeric. The first ones include:

• mineral heaters (mineral wool, glass wool);
• cellulose heat insulators (ecowool).

Polymers are:

• Styrofoam;
• penoplex;
• polyurethane foam.

Now let's look at each type in more detail.

Mineral wool insulation materials

Mineral wool is used both for mounting on walls with subsequent finishing decorative plaster, and for arranging a ventilated facade cladding system with siding.

In the first case, mineral wool mats 100x60 cm in size are used, which are attached to the wall with glue and dowels, reinforced with fiberglass mesh, which sits on plaster glue.

The second option involves the construction of a frame, on which siding is sewn as a final cladding. Here it is better to use mineral wool of medium density. Given that the insulation is able to absorb moisture, while deteriorating its thermal insulation qualities, it is necessary both from the side of the wall and from the outside to make waterproofing protection with a special perforated film. Before installing the siding, it is better to make a counter-lattice to ensure that there is a ventilation gap.

Outside insulation with ecowool

For insulation with ecowool, it is also necessary to equip the frame for siding.

First, a crate is made. Then a heater is applied to the wall, which is a cellulose mass mixed in certain proportions with water. Ecowool sticks to the wall, forming a continuous seamless heat-insulating layer. After drying, the excess is removed that is outside the outer plane of the crate. Then a layer of wind protection is laid, a counter-lattice is made and siding or a material similar in function is sewn on.

Thermal insulation with styrofoam and polystyrene foam

These sheet heaters are mainly used for arranging a "wet" facade. They are very convenient in work and subsequent finishing. Due to the fact that foam plastic is much stronger than foam plastic, it is better to use it at the bottom of the building, where there is a high probability of mechanical damage.

Above the level of one and a half to two meters from the surface of the earth, it is more expedient to use polystyrene foam, since it is much cheaper than polystyrene foam and this will help make thermal insulation more economical.

How walls are insulated from the outside with polyurethane foam

The method of thermal insulation using polyurethane foam spraying is in many ways similar to the method of applying ecowool. The scheme is the same - crate, spraying insulation, sheathing with finishing cladding. The difference is that, unlike "breathing" ecowool, polyurethane foam does not let moisture or steam through, so it is not suitable for, say, thermal insulation of wooden walls. But they can be much better than sheet materials to insulate walls made of brick, concrete or cinder block.

In this article, we briefly told you about the materials for wall insulation from the outside, so that you can decide which one is best suited in a particular case.

The market for thermal insulation materials offers us a huge selection of options for external wall insulation, especially popular. These are products based on mineral wool, liquid insulation, classic foam plastic, and a variety of expanded polystyrene products.

In this article, we will figure out which insulation is better, study the reviews, and find out what should be followed when choosing a heat-insulating material in each case.

1 Why do you need external insulation of the walls of the house?

External thermal insulation of the walls by an order of magnitude increases the comfort of living in the house, both in winter and in the cold season. Having completed the thermal insulation of the walls of the house with high-quality insulation, your house will receive full protection at any time not only from freezing, but also from overheating of bricks, expanded clay concrete or gas silicate blocks in the summer.

Moreover, good thermal insulation materials, as a rule, are completely hydrophobic (an example of this) - they do not absorb water, so that the walls of the house will be reliably protected from moisture.

External thermal insulation made according to the correct technology increases the average temperature inside the house by 4-5 degrees, since the walls do not freeze in winter and do not transfer cold to the air inside the house, which, according to reviews, can significantly reduce financial expenses for space heating.

Qualitatively calculated and executed thermal insulation even at the stage of building a house makes it possible to optimally select the elements heating system, and save both on the boiler and on the radiators.

Similar savings apply to equipment to maintain a comfortable temperature for a person in the hot season. Thermal insulation materials work not only for insulation.

Since their thermal conductivity is minimal, they do not allow the walls of a house made of bricks, expanded clay concrete or gas silicate blocks to warm up under the scorching sun, as a result of which in summer it is much cooler inside such a house than in uninsulated buildings.

The right approach to "sandwich" wall insulation

2 Types of heaters

As a material for external thermal insulation of walls, depending on financial capabilities, foam plastic, mineral (basalt wool), liquid penoizol, or extruded polystyrene foam can be used. On the thermal insulation materials saving is not recommended.

Of course, there are ways to insulate walls made of bricks, expanded clay concrete, or gas silicate blocks with foam plastic on a budget, such insulation will give a certain improvement, however, you should not expect the same efficiency from it as from insulating a house with basalt wool or foam insulation.

When choosing a heater, the key factor is the coefficient of its thermal conductivity, on which the thickness of the material layer required for wall cladding will depend.

For almost all materials in demand today in the middle price category, this indicator is in the range from 0.025 to 0.045 W / mk (Watt per meter per Kelvin). The extreme place is occupied by polystyrene, in which this indicator is 0.043 W / mk as in.

When choosing materials for wall insulation from the outside, it is also important to take into account such qualities as hydrophobicity (resistance to water), chemical inertness and mechanical strength, since these factors directly affect the durability of the insulation.

It is best that the heat insulator also has noise-reducing properties, which will allow you to kill two birds with one stone: the external insulation of the house will also solve the issue of soundproofing housing.

According to statistics, at least 85% of private residential buildings, built over 20 years ago, do not meet the standards for thermal insulation. As a result, people are forced to spend a large number of funds for space heating to maintain a comfortable temperature for housing during the winter period.

As the graph below shows, even insulating the outer walls of the house with a ten-centimeter layer of conventional inexpensive insulation (the same polystyrene foam, or extruded polystyrene foam with), reduces heat loss through the walls by at least 3 times.

2.1 Mineral wool

The most popular insulation for the outer part of the walls is mineral wool. Insulation of walls outside with mineral wool is very popular due to the excellent thermal insulation characteristics and the moderate price of this material.

The concept of mineral wool can mean three types of insulation at once: wool based on basalt rocks, slag wool (made from slag left in blast furnaces of the metallurgical industry) and glass wool made from cullet and similar waste.

Basalt wool is considered the highest quality option for mineral wool.. Methods for the production of this insulation are based on the remelting of basalt rocks.

The smelting of rock can be carried out either in blast furnaces or by induction heating under the influence of electromagnetic radiation.

The molten basalt rock is fed into a centrifuge, inside which a cooled forming drum is located. Due to the pressure drop and the centrifugal force of the drum, separate basalt fibers are formed from the melt on its surface, which are fed to the shaper.

The shaping unit turns the individual mineral wool fibers into a solid carpet like that, which is impregnated with additives that improve operational properties mineral wool.

By itself, mineral wool has a susceptibility to moisture absorption, in order to eliminate this drawback, manufacturers impregnate it with a polymer mixture, which, after hardening, gives mineral wool the required hydrophobicity.

Comparison specifications different types mineral wool

1. Temperature conditions: slag wool (ShV) - up to 250, glass wool (SV) - up to 450, basalt wool (BV) - up to 1000 degrees;
2. Thermal conductivity coefficient: ShV - from 0.46 to 0.48; CB, from 0.038 to 0.046; BV - 0.035 to 0.042 W / m-k;
3. Flammability class: all types correspond to the NG class (non-combustible);
4. Absorption coefficient for 24 hours of immersion in water: SH - 1.9%, MW - 1.7%, BV -0.095%;
5. Pungency: ShV - yes, CB - yes, BV - absent;
6. The concentration of binding impurities: for all types of mineral wool from 2.5 to 10%;
7. Nominal heat capacity: ShV - 1000, SV - 1050, BV - 1050 J/kg;
8. Mineral wool sintering temperature: SHV - 250, CB - 450, BV - 600 degrees;
9. The length of individual fibers: ShV - 16, SV - 15-50, BV - 16 millimeters;
10. The noise reduction coefficient is the same as for: SHV - 0.75-0.82; CB - 0.8-0.92; BV - 0.75-0.95.

Mineral wool is produced in the form of rolls and slabs, suitable for insulating walls made of brick, expanded clay concrete, or gas silicate blocks. This heater, as evidenced by the reviews, the best way for thermal insulation attic floors, floors, and any flat surfaces.

2.2 Liquid penoizol

Of the liquid heaters, the most popular option is penoizol.

This is not an option that is suitable for arranging thermal insulation with your own hands, since you will need to rent special equipment that produces penoizol right at the workplace and pay for the labor of the workers who manage it, however, if you are not afraid of these difficulties and the financial costs associated with them, then penoizol - the best option for warming the exterior walls of the house.

In general, the cost of insulating a house with penoizol is comparable to the final price of insulating a house with mineral wool.

However, there is one important difference, penoizol is also successfully used to insulate internal voids of already exploited hollow walls made of brick, expanded clay concrete, or gas silicate blocks, without the need to dismantle them, which cannot be done with other heaters.

Among the advantages of insulating a house with penoizol, one can single out the maximum protection of walls from any external influence, since after solidification, penoizol turns into a monolithic surface through which neither wind nor moisture passes.

Solidity also guarantees high-quality insulation, since the possibility of the formation of cold bridges, which reduce the effectiveness of all thermal insulation, is eliminated.

To insulate the house with penoizol, an installation is delivered to the work site that produces foam from a special resin and chemicals.

Penoizol is applied to the wall with a hose, the surface of the walls is pre-coated special formulations to improve adhesion. A facing layer of siding or any decorative material is installed on top of the penoizol.

2.3 Extruded polystyrene foam

This material is used not only for the insulation of the outer walls of the house. Due to its mechanical strength and durability, expanded polystyrene is also used for thermal insulation of the outer contour of the foundation located in the ground.

Using extruded polystyrene foam to insulate a house stand is justified if your house, in itself, has good thermal insulation, and you are looking for an inexpensive and durable material.

Among all budget options insulation, polystyrene foam - the best option, superior to conventional foam in all respects. Among strengths This material has the following advantages:

• Maximum hydrophobicity (polystyrene foam, like polystyrene, is completely waterproof);
• Low coefficient of thermal conductivity, from 0.029 to 0.034 W / m-k;
• High density, and, as a result, resistance to deformation;
• Chemical resistance;
• Wide range of permissible temperatures, from -500 to +700 degrees;
• Self-extinguishing property;
• Minimum panel weight and thickness.

It is also worth highlighting the ease of installation of extruded polystyrene foam on all types of walls. In order to fix this insulation on the surface of brick, expanded clay concrete or gas silicate blocks, it is not necessary to equip an additional supporting frame, which is necessary when installing mineral wool.

Panels of extruded polystyrene foam are planted on the walls with liquid nails, and are fixed around the perimeter with umbrella-shaped anchors.