Plastering walls is the best to do. How for a beginner to plaster walls with his own hands: video and recommendations for work

What is the best way to plaster the walls in the apartment? In modern new buildings, apartments are most often with bare walls without finishing and plastering. By purchasing such housing, the owners will have to undergo a large-scale renovation.

Some of the first questions they ask are how much cheaper it is to plaster walls, what tools will be needed and the main stages of work. All this is discussed in the proposed article.

Plastering the walls inside and outside the building, the ceiling (see How to plaster the ceiling: do it yourself right) is a great way to decorate rooms where many design solutions can be implemented.

When plastering rooms, they can look like:

• Palace.
• The surface of the moon.
• Caves.

Plaster can imitate a coating under:

• Marble.
• A rock.
• Silk.
• Create with volumetric glow the effect of the seabed.

There are a lot of options for plastering surfaces. The most unusual patterns and color combinations with surface relief can be applied to the walls, which depends on the skill of the finishers and the imagination of the owners of the premises.

Modern plaster is not at all what could be seen before in the same type small apartments, with uneven walls and fallen off layers of this very plaster.

Simple plastering of surfaces over other finishing methods has some advantages:

• Plaster has impact resistance and durability.
• The surface does not fade from the sun, does not crumble.
• The solution prepared on the basis of water is ecologically clean, the surface "breathes" - this is a vapor-permeable type of finish that does not emit harmful substances.
• The coating can be applied to surfaces, regardless of their type:

1. concrete;
2. tree;
3. bricks.

There are different types of plasters.

They may be:

• Structural (see Structural plaster: application technology).

Their feature:

1. heterogeneity of the structure, various additional elements with large grains are included in the solution: pebbles, wood fiber;
2. different reliefs form on the wall, which can be grooves or tubercles, their height varies significantly, depending on the composition of the inclusions and the methods of its application.

Tip: Applying such a plaster requires some experience and some knowledge of technology.

• Textured (see Textured plaster: types and features of application).

Their difference from the structural - do not contain fillers different sizes. In fact, it is a homogeneous mass, with different grain sizes. When applying such plaster, using special tools and the necessary qualifications of performers, the material allows you to create interesting textures on surfaces. They may be under:

1. wood;
2. granite;
3. papier mache.

After plastering the room, it can take on the appearance of a granite grotto or a stone castle, and many other options.

• Decorative (see Decorative plaster for walls: making a choice). These are special coatings for walls, ceilings, interior details to give them an excellent look and implement many design solutions.

This type of plaster allows the surface of walls and ceilings to be ennobled, to give them an old look. For example,

1. velvet drapery;
2. a rare type of stones;
3. watercolor painting.

Applying decorative plaster is very difficult, it requires high skill. Applying the smallest patterns with special mixtures is reminiscent of visual arts. This material only requires several steps to prepare the surface.

• outdoor. Very often, such materials give a unique look to any building. External plaster with his own hands, in addition to aesthetics, he solves the issue of protecting the walls of the building from external influences:

1. sunlight;
2. rain;
3. dust;
4. chemicals in the atmosphere.

Before finishing the walls, it is necessary to determine how to prime the walls before plastering.

Tip: It is necessary to select a primer for each process. This helps to save money and achieve the best possible surface finish at the lowest cost.

How to plaster walls

The functions of plaster include:

• Wall protection. The composition protects them from moisture, while not preventing the surface from "breathing".
• Decorative finish. Walls are leveled with plaster (see Aligning walls with plaster according to all the rules), and special compounds perform a decorating role.
• Versatile finish. After finishing, the wall will become thicker, its strength, heat and sound insulation will increase.

Why plaster concrete walls? Such walls, most often, are quite even and the technology for their finishing depends on the type of end result.

Tip: To obtain walls with the correct slope, the surface of an ideal structure, the correct slopes, joints and corners, you need to plaster and putty everything.

When plastering external surfaces, there are some nuances. For example: notches or plaster meshes are used to increase the adhesion of the composition to the concrete surface.

Why plaster brick walls? Plastering of such surfaces is carried out to level and insulate them with different solutions.

Due to the large curvature, for finishing brick walls are used:

• Lighthouses.
• Plaster mesh, as in the photo.

Walls made of wood plaster allows you to:

• Align.
• Insulate.
• Provide additional fire protection.

Before plastering a wooden wall, it must be treated with a special primer and impregnation to protect the material from decay and reduce its combustibility. When plastering, plastic compositions and necessarily plaster meshes are used. Lightweight and durable aerated concrete allows you to conveniently build any building, it has an affordable price, low weight.

The disadvantages include:

• Waterproof.
• Unpresentable appearance, which can be easily fixed by knowing how to plaster aerated concrete walls.

Features of the material from which the surface is made determine which wall plaster is better.

She may be:

• On a plaster basis. For use on smooth concrete surfaces. When finishing indoors, it should not have a lot of humidity. Gypsum composition is convenient and easy to use:

1. it dries fairly quickly;
2. applied in only one layer.

• Cement based, for brick walls. In this case, the plaster is applied in a thick layer on the outer surface of the walls. Instructions for preparing the solution:

1. one part of cement and 2 to 5 parts of sand are taken;
2. mix well;
3. water is poured;
4. the composition is kneaded like dough.

• Cement-lime mortar consists of:

1. cement, one part;
2. lime dough up to 3 parts;
3. sand up to 8 parts.

When making:

1. sand is added to dry cement;
2. mixes well;
3. lime milk is added;
4. mixed thoroughly.

This composition is used for a bathroom with high humidity.

• decorative mixture. Used on all materials.
• Dry. These formulations are suitable for interior decoration any surfaces.
• Sanitizing. It is used as part of a set of measures when carrying out waterproofing works to drain the external surfaces of brick or stone walls indoors. Advantages of plaster:

1. provides good waterproofing: protects walls from water and salt absorption;
2. prevents the spread of mold and mildew;
3. It has high level vapor permeability;
4. has a strong and strong base that does not crack when dried;
5. ecological purity.

How and how to plaster walls erected from different materials how to clean the wall after plastering, you can learn in detail with all the nuances from the video in this article.

If you are doing repairs in an apartment or a brick / block house, then you will certainly encounter wall plastering. Why this work is needed will be discussed below.

Even if your walls are monolithic slabs, when checking their level, it often turns out that they are “filled up”. It seems to be okay, because in the process of your stay in the apartment you will not pay attention to it. However, as soon as you arrange all the furniture, it will become clear to you why you need to plaster the walls.

Plastering walls begins with determining the degree of their curvature. By applying plaster, you can level the walls and achieve their perfect vertical. As soon as you put a closet in a corner, you will see how great it is when the walls are even!

The walls are also plastered in order to make it convenient to work with them in the future. Tiles, wallpaper, paint, other finishes are performed on smooth plastered walls.

Standard types of plaster

Marketing in construction works well, so you can find a wide variety of plasters on store shelves, from cheap to expensive. We will not consider the abundance of identical plasters, but with different advertising "lures".

Two types of plasters are popular:

• cement;
• plaster.

Cement plasters are used for leveling walls, as well as for rough work.

Cement itself is a rough material, so walls covered with such plaster do not have an ideal surface. By painting such walls, you will not get an acceptable result. Therefore, we move on to the next type of plaster.

Gypsum plasters. This solution is used for finishing work.

Gypsum is much more plastic than cement and its grain size is smaller, which allows you to achieve perfectly smooth surfaces, ready for painting.

Gypsum plaster is applied in a thin layer on the walls, thereby obtaining snow-white rooms.

How and what to plaster walls

If you decide to plaster the walls yourself, you will need the following.

1. Plaster;
2. Water;
3. Primer and paint roller;
4. spatulas;
5. bubble level;
6. Rule.

First of all, you measure the level of the walls and either use beacons to set the vertical, or do not use if the deviations are not critical.

Before applying cement plaster, the walls must be cleaned of dust, for which a primer is used. With help paint roller, you coat the walls with a primer and let them dry.

After the solution dries, it is necessary to apply another layer of primer to give a better grip.

We proceed to plastering with gypsum mortar. After that, it cleans the dried plaster and again covers the walls with a primer.

The primer also helps to avoid cracks in the plaster, so do not neglect this stage of work!

Plastering technology

Plaster, regardless of its type, is applied the same way. With a construction spatula, you evenly apply the mortar along the edge of the spatula and apply it to the walls in semicircular movements. In the event that you align the walls, then you need to check them with the rule to prevent "pits" and "humps".

The better to plaster the walls decide for yourself. Many neglect this or that type of plaster, thereby saving their money. Remember, wall plastering is done once, so there is no point in saving at this stage. We recommend applying cement plaster first and then using gypsum plaster, but a lot depends on the condition of your walls.

Thus, you learned how to properly plaster the walls with your own hands.

Well-plastered walls always look very aesthetically pleasing and neat, but to achieve such results, you need to do quite a lot of work.

Do-it-yourself wall plastering can be done if the novice master thoroughly studies how this process is carried out, understands what is needed to carry it out, and understands the basics of the technology of such work.

However, in order to perform high-quality plastering of walls, not only theoretical knowledge is important, but also at least a little practice in this work. Therefore, if there is no experience in plastering "manipulations", you first need to try your hand at a small section of the wall. By conducting such a training, you can at least a little "fill your hand" in the sketch and in its leveling.

Such experience will be useful not only to owners of private houses, but also to owners of apartments in high-rise buildings, since, unfortunately, even in panel houses walls, often, need a fairly serious alignment.

Plastering material

plaster mixture for wall decoration is selected depending on what the walls of the building are built from. In addition, the conditions where there will be work being carried out- indoors or outdoors.

Prices for popular types of plaster

Plaster

Brick walls

• Brick walls are usually plastered with cement-based mixtures, sometimes with a small addition of lime to give additional plasticity. Lime is also added if the work is carried out in a room with high humidity or outside the building.

• On the brick walls a layer of plaster is applied, which should not exceed 30 mm. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the fact that if the coating thickness is more than 20 mm, then a chain-link mesh must be attached to the wall under the plaster to reinforce and hold the mixture on the surface.
• on the basis of cement, it is necessary to take the ingredients, based on the proportions of 1 part of cement and 3 ÷ 4 parts of sifted clean sand. Specified source materials kneaded with water to a thick consistency, but it also takes into account that the mixture must be plastic.
• If a cement-lime mixture is being made, then you will need 1 part of cement, 1 ÷ 2 lime paste and 5 ÷ 7 parts of sand. First, sand is mixed with cement, then lime diluted to the consistency of milk is added to the dry mixture, and everything is mixed together until smooth. When receiving too thick a composition, it is allowed (although not welcome) to add a large number water.
• If a facing brick is fixed on the walls, then it will be more difficult to plaster it due to the fact that it has a smooth surface. It is likely that the mixture will roll off the wall or even fall off in pieces - sometimes even a reinforcing mesh does not help in such a situation. Therefore, for such a surface, special professional primers and a properly selected reinforcing mesh are needed. It is better to entrust this work to qualified specialists who know what materials will be optimal for a particular surface, and are well versed in the technology of applying them to “complex” surfaces.

Concrete wall

• If the concrete surface is smooth, then it must be prepared with a primer with the addition of quartz inclusions, which will give the wall the roughness required to securely hold the plaster. AT cement mortar for the wall is added gypsum powder, which significantly enhances the adhesion of the mixture to the wall.

• In addition, a lime-gypsum mortar is often used for such a surface, where proportions of 3 ÷ 4 parts of lime and 1 part of gypsum are applicable. The process of preparing such a mixture takes place in the following order: gypsum is quickly mixed with water - the mass should not be too thick, lime mortar is poured into it, and then everything is kneaded until smooth.
• If the concrete wall has roughness, then it will not require complex preparation, a special approach or special formulations, since traditional cement or gypsum plaster mortars are suitable for it. Nevertheless, before applying the plaster to the wall, it is recommended to impregnate it with a deep penetration primer "Betonokontakt".

Foam concrete walls

When applying plaster on foam concrete, a reinforcing mesh is required

• Walls made of foam concrete blocks must be treated with a deep penetration primer before plastering. If necessary, a reinforcing fiberglass mesh - "sickle" is fixed to the wall.
• For such walls, both gypsum mortars and cement mortars are used.

When choosing compositions for leveling walls, you need to approach this issue with all responsibility. This is necessary for comfortable work on plastering, for good adhesion of mortars to the wall and for the quality of the task performed - the longest possible service life of plastered walls.

It should be noted that at present a very large number of ready-made mixtures on different bases and intended for different surfaces are presented in construction stores. This is very convenient - when preparing the compositions, you will not need to rack your brains with determining and dosing the proportions of its ingredients, since it will be enough just to dilute the mixture with water in the consistency indicated on the package.

When choosing or self-manufacturing plaster composition, you can use the following tables:

Table 1. Main characteristics of finished plaster mixes

Indicator	Standards for stamps							Test Methods
	Adhesive solution LS 10/90	Leveling mortar LS 35/95	Adhesive solution LS 50/50	Adhesive solution LS 65/35	Finishing mortar Fine Coat LS 50/50	Putty Termonit	Putty for blocks
Recommended layer thickness in mm	3÷5	5÷15	5÷15	5÷15	3÷10	2÷10	3÷10	TU p.1.2
Recommended water consumption l/25kg	3.5÷4	3.5÷4	3.5÷4	3.5÷4	4÷5	5.5÷6	6÷7	TU p.1.2
Estimated compressive strength in MPa, not less than	16	8	4	2	4	6	20	GOST 5802-86
Estimated bending strength in MPa, not less than	2	2	1	1	1	3	3	GOST 5802-86
Adhesion to the base in MPa, not less than	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	1	0.5	GOST 5802-86
The average density of the solution kg / m 3	1900	1900	1900	1900	1900	1900	1900	GOST 8735-88
RN	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	TU p.1.2

Wall surface characteristics	Solution composition
	Lime, (with sand, gypsum, cement)	Complex (cement, sand, gypsum, lime)	Cement-sand	Lime-gypsum
In rooms with normal humidity
	1:4; 3:1; 2:1	1:1:6	1:0,3:4*	-
Wooden	-	-	-	1:1÷1.5÷2÷2.5
For rooms with high humidity and for outdoor work
Brick, concrete, stone	-	1:1:4	1:3	-
Wooden		1:1:6	1:4	-
* Note - 0.3 lime is added to the cement mortar for plasticity.
Note: the mobility of the solution should be 60 ÷ 80 mm for mechanized application, 70 ÷ 80 mm for manual application

Preparatory work

Before starting plastering work, it is necessary to carry out preparations cleaning walls from old finishing materials. This is done so that the plaster fits well and stays on the surface of the wall - everything must be removed from it, down to the base. Walls made of different materials require an individual approach to their cleaning.

If, after cleaning the walls, cracks are found on them, they must be repaired, otherwise the plaster laid on top of them may crack in the same place.

Crack repair

Detected cracks must be repaired, and this process is carried out different ways, depending on the width and prevalence existing defects.

• If the width of the crack divergence is small, but it is obvious that it goes into the depth of the wall, the first thing to do is to widen it and free access to the narrow part in the thickness of the material.

Expansion of cracks on the surface of the wall ...
... followed by their termination

After the penetrating composition dries, the crack is sealed with a cement or gypsum-based putty using a spatula, flush with the wall surface.

• If the crack is very narrow and not deep, then you can seal it with sealant or silicone. They fill the gap with the help of a thin nozzle-spout attached to the cylinder with the composition, which is directed deep into the crack.

• For sealing very wide cracks, it is often used and polyurethane foam, which can fill gaps without even waiting for the primer to dry completely.

After the foam is completely polymerized, its excess, which protrudes beyond the level of the wall surface, is cut off, and then you can proceed to the following processes according to

Brick wall preparation

• If a thin layer has already been applied to brick walls old plaster, it needs to be wetted with water with a sponge, moisturizing several times - so it will be easier to lag behind the surface.

• Then, using a spatula with a metal working surface thickness of 1.5 ÷ 2 mm, and a hammer, the plaster layer must be carefully removed.

To do this, one of the sections of the wall is first tapped with a hammer. Then, through the cracks that have appeared, the plaster peeled off from the blows is picked up with a spatula. If necessary, tap on its handle with a hammer, separating the layers of plaster from the wall.

• On the cleaned wall, you need to walk with an iron brush or grinder with an appropriate nozzle.
• Further, the seams between the bricks need to be deepened a little - by 5 ÷ 7 mm, so that the plaster enters them and from this received the best adhesion to the wall.
• After that, the wall is cleaned with a soft brush, and then with a damp sponge.
• final preparatory stage is a wall covering with a deep penetration primer in two layers. The second layer is applied after the first has completely dried.

How is a concrete wall prepared?

It is easier to clean a smooth concrete wall from plaster or whitewash than a brick wall, since plaster usually adheres worse on it.

• Whitewash can be thoroughly wetted with a sponge and brushed off with an iron brush, and then rinse the wall surface well.
• If you don’t want to breed dampness, you can do it differently: first cover the whitewash with a thick layer of paste and let it dry, and then clean off the whitewash or a thin layer of plaster with a hard spatula.

• It is recommended to make shallow notches on the cleaned surface. It should be noted that this process is not easy, so you will have to make considerable efforts. But it should not be ignored.
• Can replace scoring with more simple method- having primed the wall with the addition of fine pure quartz sand to it. But sometimes this method may not work, so it is best to conduct an experiment on a small section of the wall, applying primer to it and waiting for it to dry completely. Next, you need to run your hand along the wall, checking its roughness. If it is palpable, then the plaster will adhere well to it. But the sand should not crumble from the wall.

Wood wall preparation

• With wooden surface Cleaning off old plaster is easy. The wall is tapped with a hammer, and the plaster itself flies to the floor, so it is recommended to lay it under the wall in advance polyethylene film. Then, after removing the plaster, the film, together with the chipped construction debris, can be immediately taken out of the room, without stretching cleaning for a long time and not carrying dirt for the whole house.
• In order for the plaster to adhere well to a wooden surface, thin slats are stuffed onto it - the so-called shingles. They are stuffed diagonally onto the wall with nails. Dranka will not only hold well plaster mortar, but will also serve as beacons when leveling it on the surface.

Shingles on a wooden wall - an excellent "reinforcement" for plaster

• If, after cleaning the wall from the old plaster, it turned out that the old shingles were fixed on the surface, it must be removed, since insects could get into it during long-term operation, or it could rot and is unreliably held on wall. In addition, an old tree can very often emit bad smell, which can easily seep into the room through a layer of new plaster.
• Do not forget that before stuffing the crate, the wall must be covered antiseptic formulations to protect the wood from the occurrence of mold or the appearance of colonies of harmful insects.
• If a shingle is chosen for the crate, then after completion of its installation, the wall must be coated again with a wood preservative.
• Sometimes, instead of shingles, a metal chain-link mesh is used for the crate. It is not fixed to the wooden wall itself, but to the slats, which are the spacers between the mesh and the wall. Their thickness should be at least 3 mm.
• Proceed to further work to level the walls with plaster is possible only after the wall dries well.

Displaying beacons

To achieve perfect evenness of the wall with the help of plastering, it is necessary to establish landmarks, the so-called beacons, which are set according to the building level.

Usually, metal guides are made, which are fixed on the wall with a gypsum mortar - it sets quickly and holds the metal profile in the positionwhich it was leveled.

• Beacons are installed at a distance of about one and a half meters from each other, so that when leveling the solution, the rule goes along two adjacent beacon profiles.

The ideal verticality of the profiles is controlled by a plumb line.

• If there is only a short level in the tool kit, then a long bar can be used, which is placed on the guide before the gypsum mortar is completely dry. A level is placed in its middle and one or the other side of the guide is leveled along it, carefully pressing it with a bar.

After preparing the walls for applying plaster, you can proceed to the preparation of the solution.

Preparation of mortar for plaster

The process itself plastering most often carried out in three stages, applying the solution in three layers.

• The first layer is throwing a sufficiently thick plaster mortar onto the wall.

The first layer is a sketch, simply a sticking of a plastic plaster composition

The process can be carried out with a trowel or simply by hand, but in this case, be sure to wear thick rubber gloves.

- On brick and concrete walls, the mortar is thrown with a thickness slightly higher than the installed beacons - this is about 5 mm.

- On wooden walls with a crate, the thickness should be about 8 ÷ 9 mm.

• The second layer is called soil. For him, a solution is made that has a pasty consistency. It is applied with a trowel or a wide spatula and should be about 7 ÷ 8 mm thick.
• The third, finishing layer called a cover. It should be made of fine-grained sand without large inclusions. The solution for the finishing layer must have creamy consistency.

You can purchase mixtures for each layer of plaster in finished form, where all the components are provided that contribute to good adhesion and strength of the hardened mass.

The solution should “disperse” well along the plane of the wall, but not flow down

If the solution is made independently, then the following recipes are most often used for their manufacture:

• Cement-lime composition: 1 part lime, 1 part cement and 5 parts sand.
• Cement mortar: 3 parts sand and 1 part cement.
• Lime-based mortar: 1 part lime and 3 parts sand.
• Gypsum-lime composition: 3 parts of lime mixed to a doughy state and 1 part of dry gypsum powder.

There are nuances that must be taken into account before mixing the solution:

• Cement-based plaster must be used within an hour after mixing it, otherwise it will lose its plasticity and will not adhere well to the wall surface. Therefore, it is necessary to knead only such an amount of mortar that can be guaranteed to be applied during this period of time.

• Gypsum-based mortars set and harden extremely quickly, so they are kneaded immediately before applying to the wall and in small quantities. It is also necessary to level such solutions immediately, since the thinner the application layer, the faster it will dry.
• When using ready-made mixtures, before filling them with water, it is imperative to study the instructions located on the package, since these materials have different dates gripping and drying.

Mixing solutions is as follows:

• First, water is poured into the container where the solution will be mixed. Then 6 ÷ 8 trowels of the dry mixture are poured into it and mixed well using an electric drill with a special mixer attachment.
• Then the dry mixture is gradually added to the container and mixed to the desired consistency. The solution must be homogeneous and plastic.
• Next, the resulting solution is left for a couple of minutes, and then kneaded one more time. If necessary, a little water or a dry plaster mixture is added to it, depending on the resulting and required density.

Once again I would like to remind you that the mixture needs to be prepared as much as the master can use in 25 ÷ 30 minutes, - if the mixture is made on a gypsum basis, and in 40 ÷ 60 minutes - if on the cement.

After the mortar is mixed, you must immediately proceed to the first stage of applying plaster to the wall.

Find out the features of the process, from our new article.

Plastering technique

As mentioned above, most often the work is carried out in three stages. They should be considered in more detail in order to know how to act correctly.

• The first stage, "sketch" or "splash", is carried out with the help of a trowel.

They begin to throw the solution from the bottom of the wall, gradually rising upwards. Throwing plaster slides rise above the guides by 8 ÷ 10 mm.

The solution, one might say, sticks to the wall from a small scale, with an effort to adhere well to the wall.

Having thrown the plaster 1000 ÷ 1200 mm high from the floor, it is leveled using the rule. It is installed on the guides and slowly lifted up, pressing on the solution and distributing the plaster between the guides with smooth movements to the left ÷ right.

• The next step is the application of the ground layer. This stage is carried out after setting the solution of the first layer, sketched and leveled.

Due to the plasticity of the composition, it can be applied with a wide spatula.

The solution is taken with a medium-width spatula from the container and transferred to a wide spatula, and then superimposed on the wall and distributed over it in an even layer. When applying the mixture, it is necessary to level all the stripes remaining from the spatula over the surface.

The same layer should hide the protruding guide strips.

• The third, finishing layer is designed to make the surface perfectly smooth. It should be thin, no more than 1.5 ÷ 2 mm. It is superimposed on the still wet second layer, and if it has already dried, then it can be moistened with a wet roller.

The final layer must be made as even as possible, with smoothing of all stripes and alignment uncaptured spatula places. In order not to miss a single flaw on the surface, the wall is tangentially illuminated with a light bulb when the overhead lighting is off.

• After the finish layer dries, proceed to grouting the surface with a plastic or wooden float. This process is carried out in a circular motion, counterclockwise. In this case, the grater is pressed tightly against the plastered surface.

• Further, felt material or felt is fixed on the same grater, and the process of final grinding of the surface begins.

Before you decide to buy a large amount of materials for plastering walls, it’s probably worth buying a few kilograms of ready-made plaster mix in a hardware store and carrying out the whole process on a small section of the wall or on a piece of plywood. If everything goes well, you can proceed to large-scale work on the walls of the room.

Well-plastered walls are the key to a successful, high-quality and durable repair. But plastering is a very laborious process, requiring great skill from the one who deals with them. We advise entrusting this work to specialists, but if, nevertheless, you decide to take on this business yourself in order to save the budget or out of curiosity, then our today's article will try to instill in you theoretical basis, without which it is definitely impossible to count on the success of this enterprise. How to plaster walls correctly - read in our today's material.

The plaster mix, which will be used for the work, must be selected in accordance with what the walls of the building are built from. Also an important factor when choosing is the side of the wall that will be plastered - internal or external.

concrete walls

First of all, you need to pay attention to the texture of the wall. If the wall is smooth, then it should be pre-treated with a primer, which contains quartz inclusions - they will make the surface sufficiently rough, which in turn will help the wall hold the plaster well. Gypsum powder can be added to the cement mortar, it increases the adhesive qualities of the mixture.

Another option for working with smooth concrete wall is a lime-gypsum mortar, consisting of ¾ parts of lime and 1 part of gypsum. The process of preparing the solution is as follows: gypsum is added to the water and quickly kneaded, lime mortar is added to a sufficiently liquid substance and all this is kneaded to a homogeneous consistency.

With a rough wall, the situation is simpler - here you can use standard cement or gypsum mortars, but you should still impregnate the wall with a deep penetration primer - so the result will be more reliable.

brick walls

It is better to plaster such walls with mixtures based on cement with the addition of lime, the latter adding moisture-resistant qualities to the solution. The applied layer of plaster should not exceed 30 mm, and if you have chosen a layer of 20 to 30 mm, then you first need to fix a chain-link mesh on the wall, which will help hold the plaster mixture.

The mixture must be plastic, and therefore we recommend using a solution consisting of ¾ parts of sifted sand and 1 part of cement. By mixing the components with water, you will get a fairly plastic mixture that easily fits on the wall. When the lime component is included, the solution will look like this: 1 part cement, half lime and 5/7 parts sand. Diluted lime is added to a dry mixture of sand and cement, after which the solution is mixed.

If the plaster is applied to a smooth facing brick, then you will have to tinker and pre-treat the wall with a primer, as well as select a reinforcing mesh. It is better to leave the application of plaster on a wall made of facing bricks to professionals; from the first time, few people do such work with high quality.

wooden walls

If there are wooden walls in the room that you plan to plaster, then before you start work, you need to fill them with shingles. For this, thin slats or plywood trimmings are suitable, if such elements were not at hand, then you can use the usual chain-link mesh.

The distance between the grid and the wall must be at least three millimeters, otherwise the plaster may crumble.

Preparatory stage

Necessary tools and materials

Plastering walls is a laborious process, for its implementation you will need the following tools and materials:

• Ready plaster mixture or components for its mixing;
• In order for the walls to come out even, we need to be able to track the curvature - we need beacons 3-6-10 mm;
• Metal scissors or grinder to cut beacons;
• The mixture will have to be stirred, here a perforator with a special nozzle will come in handy;
• Dowels, many dowels of different sizes;
• The same situation with screws;
• Crosshead screwdriver;
• Level;
• A hammer;
• Primer for concrete and smooth walls, as well as acrylic primer;
• Wide brush or roller;
• Individual protection means.

Preparing walls for plaster

As always, before proceeding directly to the plastering process, we need to clean the wall from the previous finish and various plaque. If you have taken to plastering the walls with your own hands and skipped this step, do not be surprised when the plaster begins to slowly and inevitably crumble. If the wall consists of several types of materials, then each section must be cleaned in accordance with the recommendations for a particular surface.

After we have bare walls in front of us, they need to be carefully examined for cracks. Why plaster walls if not to repair cracks? Seeing a crack, we carefully clean it and treat it with a primer. After it dries, the crack should be sealed with putty on the same level as the remaining wall plane. Narrow and shallow cracks can be sealed with sealant, but with wide ones you will have to tinker and use mounting foam.

Further sequential actions depend on what the walls inside the house are made of. In the case of a brick base, we first remove the previous layer of plaster, if any, and then sand the walls with an iron brush. The seams between the bricks, if necessary, are deepened for better adhesion of the plaster, and the wall surface is treated with a primer.

The concrete wall must be freed from whitewash, and notches should be applied to the cleaned surface or a primer containing quartz sand should be used. After completing these works, run your hand over the surface of the wall - we need to get a rough texture.

Displaying beacons

We need a perfectly flat wall, and therefore we cannot avoid using landmarks. As beacons, metal guides are used, which are fixed on the wall surface with a plaster mortar.

Levels for beacons should be set at a distance of one and a half meters from each other.

The verticality of the profiles is controlled by a plumb line. After our walls are on alert and waiting for the plaster to be applied, we can begin to prepare the mortar.

Solution preparation

Following the rules of plastering walls, we will apply the mortar in three stages, there are no secrets here - we thickly throw the mortar with the first layer, this can be done both manually and with the help of a trowel. Brick and concrete walls should be covered just above the beacons, at a level of about 5 mm. Layer thickness on wooden walls should be about 8-9 mm.

The second layer, ground, has the consistency of dough, it should be applied with a spatula with a thickness of 7-8mm. The third layer has a creamy consistency and consists of fine sand.

For each of the layers, you can purchase ready-made mixtures, but it can also be produced independently, the main options have already been described above. It must be remembered that mortars have a variety of properties, for example, a gypsum-based mortar must be kneaded right before application, as it hardens extremely quickly, and cement-based plaster must be used within an hour from the moment of kneading.

wall plaster technology

Where to begin? We follow the three steps described above for preparing the solution. First, we throw a solution from the bottom of the wall, gradually rising up. Having reached a height of about a meter from the floor level, we level the plaster using the rule, there are other methods, but why reinvent the wheel.

We already know how to apply plaster on the wall with a second layer - after the first layer has set, we apply the plastic primer composition with a spatula. This layer should hide the guide strips that are still visible.

At the final stage of plastering the walls, we make the surface of the wall smooth with the help of a finishing layer. This thin layer should not exceed two millimeters in thickness. The third layer should be applied to the still wet second, if it has had time to dry, it should be moistened.

After the finish layer has dried, you need to start grouting with a grater. In a counterclockwise circular motion, smooth the surface. Putting soft felt material on the brush, we repeat the sanding, and the plastering process is completed!

Finishing brick and other surfaces is impossible without their complete leveling; plaster is ideal for this. How and with what to plaster the walls in the house? Our article will tell you in detail how to carry out the work.

Plaster is necessary not only for leveling walls for their subsequent finishing. various materials. Thanks to this solution, a protective layer is created that does not allow moisture to pass to the walls, and also serves as additional noise and sound insulation. What kind of plaster is better to use when working with brick surfaces? Let's consider.

brick walls

The best option is considered cement plaster, which can be used for both external and internal wall decoration. The main advantages of this mixture are:

• strength;
• long service life (about 20 years, subject to the technology of the application process);
• low cost of the mixture;
• the plasticity of the plaster, so that it can be worked with even a few hours after application;
• frost resistance and vapor permeability;
• resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Despite the mass of dignity, it was not without its drawbacks. The most important thing is the complexity of working with such a mixture. The process of applying plaster takes a lot of time and effort, especially for beginners in this matter. The second disadvantage is that the mixture dries very slowly. There are also a few nuances to consider. For example, when applying a layer with a thickness of 2 cm, it is necessary to use a reinforcing mesh, which complicates the application process. When working with external walls (and when working in wet rooms), lime is added to the solution.

The second option is to use decorative plaster. The advantages of this method are many:

• plaster has water-repellent properties;
• the mixture can be used for both outdoor and indoor work;
• has decorative properties, giving the walls an attractive appearance;
• can be used in the bathroom (and other rooms with high humidity);
• characterized by antiseptic properties;
• The application process is simple and does not require special knowledge.

The disadvantages include the fact that such plaster should be applied perfectly smooth walls which requires serious preparatory work. In general, the choice of composition depends to a greater extent on what kind of work you are going to carry out - facade or interior.

Nothing prevents you from simply applying the solution to the walls and smearing it. But as a result of such an action, the surfaces will be uneven, with depressions and “waves”. Therefore, it is so important to observe all the technological stages of application, among which the preparation of walls stands apart. First of all, it is necessary to remove all sags and irregularities from the surfaces. Pay special attention to cleaning the seams between the bricks - be sure to remove everything that may interfere with the application of the plaster.

Cleaning the walls from the old coating

The second step is . We drill holes in the upper left and right corners, screw the screws there.

We press the plumb line to one of the screws and use it to determine the most protruding section on the wall. Then we screw in another screw strictly vertically in the lower corner. Using building level and as a rule, you need to make sure that the line between the heads of the screws is perfectly vertical. If necessary, tighten the screws. We repeat the operation at the other end of the room, after which we stretch a rope between the upper and lower screws, along the height of which we screw in new self-tapping screws at regular intervals. After preparing the installation sites for the beacons, we remove the ropes from the walls, leaving the screws.

Then we clean the surface of dust and small debris that could remain after drilling. Finally, let's take a good walk along the walls with a deep penetration primer, applying it with a roller. The last step remains - the installation of beacons for applying plaster. Along the line of vertically located screws, we apply plaster on the walls in a small portion. You need to carefully press the profile beacons into the mixture, using the rule - press the tool until you hit the self-tapping screws. Installed beacons must be fixed with plaster. After finishing work, remove excess mortar holding the profiles from the walls, and you can proceed to the main work.

Most important rule- For each layer you need to use a different solution. However, the preparation process is the same, and the composition of the plaster also does not change. The difference will be only in the concentration of certain ingredients in the solution. You can prepare the plaster mixture as follows:

1. Mix sand with cement until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The share of each raw material is read on the packaging.
2. Add water to the mass and mix everything thoroughly (make sure to add the volume of water that is indicated on the packaging with the composition).

If you add more or less liquid than necessary, the solution will turn out to be poor, with low adhesion rates - it can either lie poorly on the surface, or simply drain from it and not harden. Add water slowly and gradually. To determine the quality of the composition, check that there are no lumps in the solution. To mix the components, it is best to use an electric drill with a special nozzle.

Preparation of the plaster composition

The maximum rotational speed of the tool must not exceed 800 rpm - with more than high rates there is a high risk of delamination of the composition, light components will float to the surface, and heavy ones will settle at the bottom. After mixing cement, sand and water, wait about five minutes - during this time the additives contained in the mass will successfully combine with each other. Everything, our mixture is ready to use, however, to make it more plastic, it is better to use additives. For example, latex, plasticizers or PVA dispersion. The composition thus obtained can be used for one and a half hours, after which it will begin to crumble.

Proper finishing is the key to perfectly smooth walls

The technology of applying the plaster composition involves several stages.

Plaster instructions

Step 1: Spraying

The thickness of the spray should be approximately 0.5 cm. This layer will be the lowest, and it is applied using the plastering method. At the same time, the walls themselves need to be slightly wetted - if you forget about this step, then after drying, the plaster will lose strength and may even fall off. Spray with a liquid solution.

Step 2: Plastering the walls

For this stage, you need to take a thicker solution. It is better to apply the mixture on a slightly damp surface using a trowel - put a little solution on the edge of the tool and rub the mixture over the surface from the bottom up. After that, level the layer using a grater. The direction of your movements in this case can be any, the most important thing is to get smooth surface, since the main goal of this step is to level the walls and eliminate all defects.

Step 3: Surface grouting

These works are carried out 4–6 hours after the start of work. By this time, the solution will already solidify well, and it can be processed. By the way, if you are going to lay ceramic tiles, skip this step. The grout is carried out using a wooden trowel: we press it against the wall and perform circular actions counterclockwise, removing all irregularities with the edge of the tool. If the plaster has hardened, simply moisten it with water and repeat the work.

In some cases (for example, deep irregularities), a thick layer of mortar must be applied to the walls. There is nothing complicated, you should carefully study our instructions. First, we determine the thickness of the layer - this parameter will depend on the composition of the plaster used to perform the work:

• a layer of lime-gypsum plaster should be no more than 0.7 cm, cement composition - 0.5 cm;
• the total thickness should be no more than 1.2 cm when using conventional formulations;
• when using improved plaster, remember that the layer thickness should be about 2 cm.

Fixing serious defects on the wall

Each next layer of plaster is applied when the previous one is already a little dry, but not completely. If you want to determine if the mortar on the walls has dried sufficiently, press the mixture with your finger - if it does not squeeze through, you can start applying the mortar. In conclusion, we apply the most last layer which is called a cover. It is a layer of cement about 0.2 cm thick.

Before performing work, we slightly moisten the brick walls with water using a painting bone. The new layer forms a durable coating with protective functions - it will protect the plaster from mechanical damage. Apply the composition with a master. The last step is grouting the surface.