How to teach a child to read: important rules and effective techniques. Reading rules in English

22.09.2019

The amount of information in modern world is actually growing exponentially. That is why, five to seven years after graduation from the university, all specialists are almost without fail sent to advanced training courses, where teachers will transfer new knowledge to them for a limited time. Note that participation in the courses is necessary for the student only in order to keep up with current trends. At the same time, those specialists who independently educate themselves traditionally belong to the category of the best, having higher incomes than their colleagues. The quality of their self-education depends primarily on the ability to read quickly and correctly.

How to learn to read correctly and quickly? Considering that almost all adults can read, this question may seem rather strange. But this is just at first glance. The researchers found that the redundancy of ordinary printed text is about 70 percent. In the scientific literature, this percentage is smaller, but many extra words is still present. How much is this offer worth?

"A representative of the order of artiodactyls satisfies the body's need for obtaining moisture necessary for life by absorbing it from a vessel whose diameter exceeds the size of its head." As you might guess, we can talk about a horse that drinks water from a bucket.

In accordance with this, one of the most useful skills for correct and fast reading is highlighting the real meaning of the text. In order to learn this, the reading process must be interrupted after reading each semantic block. Let me remind you that this material considers reading for information, because reading fiction can be a kind of gourmandism associated with enjoying the storyline, characters or any descriptions. And pleasure, as you know, does not need speed and is a value in itself.

So, after reading part of the test, you need to stop reading and do a little mental work, the main goal of which is to recode (translate) the text into own thoughts. This method is called the method of phased comprehension of the text. It is based on the intuitive selection in the course of the text of the main semantic fragments that form the meaning of the text. Those. as a result, the reader can tell about the meaning of the text in one sentence. This will allow you not to get bogged down in details and descriptions, and also to really get the information for which the reading is started. For better memorization, the highlighted information is associated with the already existing knowledge on the topic read. This simple technique allows you to quickly and easily remember the material, which means it will allow you to read more correctly.

To read quickly, you should learn to read without regressions - automatic eye movements towards the already read material. Regressions arise from insufficient attention and, as a result, poor concentration on the text and its misunderstanding. Those. in fact, the brain perceives the same printed characters several times, and its analytical function begins to go astray because of this. In addition, the eye muscles quickly get tired.
To overcome regressive eye movements, the text can be read aloud. In addition, it is worth training to expand the field of view, so that in the future

Reading time: 8 minutes

Children should receive certain skills and knowledge from their parents. All mothers and fathers should know how to teach a child to read correctly at home using an ABC book or using other methods. This skill will help the baby to perceive the world, adapt at school, gain knowledge in other subjects. There are different methods of teaching children to read. Learn about their features.

How to teach a child to read correctly and quickly

Some parents believe that only specialists should deal with the baby, but this opinion is erroneous. Knowing a few secrets, showing perseverance and patience, you will teach your baby the basics of fast reading on your own at home. With such skills, it will be much easier for the baby to adapt to society, he will master the school curriculum much faster.

When to teach your child to read

Previously, this skill was taught to kids only at school, in extreme cases, in kindergarten, i.e. not before the age of five. Now times have changed and it is recommended for children to start learning almost from the first year of life. How can parents make sure that the child is psychologically and physically ready to engage in:

A good sign is that the child is interested in children's books at an early age.
The kid must speak, understand the meanings simple words, be able to formulate sentences, express thoughts in phrases, perceive information and sounds in a phonemic way.
The child knows the basic directions (up-down, left-right), can navigate in space.
The crumbs have good hearing, there are no serious problems with pronunciation and other developmental abnormalities. If there are speech defects, make an appointment with a speech therapist.

What alphabet to learn

As a rule, a classic primer and some other materials are used for classes: posters, cubes, cards. Many parents, having tried modern methods, return to teaching reading. in the usual way. You can purchase a primer designed by Natalia Zhukova. This teacher offers a way of teaching that combines classical and original approaches.

Basic rules of reading technique

It is worth noting that some actions of parents can kill a person's interest in books for life. How to teach your child to read:

Never force. Try to interest the child by telling interesting stories. Read aloud to him, set your own positive example, so you will quickly teach him. Do not force the child and do not swear if he makes mistakes. Praise your child for success.
First, learn to perceive sounds, and only then move on to the letters of the alphabet.
Engage in the development of syllables. This will make it easier to learn the letters.
Review what you have learned regularly. It is better to do it in a playful way, do not arrange tests, because it can be offensive.
First, learn the simplest words with repeated warehouses (ma-ma). Then you can move on to more difficult tasks. A syllable-letter scheme (ko-t, do-m) will do. When the baby has mastered the technique of reading words, teach elementary, and then complex sentences. The last to introduce exercises with d, b, b. This is a very simple mechanism for mastering the skill of reading aloud.
On a walk, ask your baby to say what is written on signs, billboards, so you will quickly teach him to read.
Choose games for the knowledge of individual letters. Buy alphabet blocks.
Do not teach the names of the letters ("er", "es"). He can mangle words later.
Practice every day to learn to read. Do not give up lessons, even if you think that the baby already knows everything.

Methods of teaching reading to a preschooler at home

There are different schemes of classes with children proposed by experts. Parents are advised to study in detail the features of each of the methods, choose the preferred one and engage only in it. If you use several lesson schemes, you can simply confuse the baby, discourage him from learning. Check out some popular ways to learn early.

Maria Montessori Method

An Italian educator suggests starting with writing. Maria Montessori advises children to draw capital letters. Techniques such as stroke, hatching should be used. Then you need to move on to making letters from bulk materials, for example, plasticine. Drawings and layouts need to be drawn up, folded letters, and at the last stage, pronounce syllables.

Nikolai Zaitsev's technique

One of the most popular training methods that provides quick results. Perfect for active kids. Training is conducted on cubes with warehouses. There are those with one letter, and those with two. They are multicolored. Cubes with vowel sounds are golden. Those with sonorous warehouses are gray in color and are called iron. wooden cubes Brown color contain voiceless syllables, while white and green are punctuation marks. All of them have different content, weight and size for ease of perception.

All classes with cubes according to the Zaitsev method are carried out only in a playful way. The set includes tables with warehouses, which should always be in sight, and examples of special exercises. Warehouses need to be collected according to certain principles, sing, imitate the sounds of animals. You can invent games on your own, together with the baby, based on what will be more interesting to him.

Glen Doman Method

It is aimed at mastering not sounds and syllables, but whole words at once. They are written on special cards with pictures. Parents should show each of them to the child for 15 seconds, loudly explaining the meaning. The first lessons should be very short, no longer than 5-10 minutes. Advantages of the effective Doman technique:

suitable for children from birth;
you can use an individual approach, form a certain vocabulary;
comprehensively develops;
material can be made independently.

The Doman system is not without a number of shortcomings. Teachers highlight its disadvantages and shortcomings:

the learning process is passive;
not accepted by children older than three years.

How to start teaching a child to read

Be sure to select the appropriate teaching aids. Use books, posters, cards and blocks. Stages of learning:

Introduce your child to open vowels. Say them and sing them.
After initial stage switch to voiced consonants.
Remember the dull and hissing sounds. Only after that you can proceed to learning to read by syllables. Remembering letters, not sounds, can be difficult in the future.
Teach your child to make syllables from two vowels. He must understand how sounds are combined.
Move on to syllables where the first letter is a consonant and the second is a vowel. It will be easy.
Fold syllables with hissing.
Change to closed warehouses (vowel-consonant).

Teaching a child to read in a playful way

Having fun, the easiest way for a child to instill an interest in books. There are many gaming techniques aimed at working out the reading technique:

Learn together short poems about letters.
Make your own letters. To learn the alphabet, collect them from improvised materials: plasticine, counting sticks, matches. You can cut them out of cardboard and glue them with colored paper.
Create an album where every page is a home for a letter. Paste pictures with words that begin with it.
Choose the letter you are learning. Throw the ball to the baby and name the words. If he hears the right sound in them, let him catch the ball, and if not, he will beat it off.
Make round cards with syllables and play "Shop". Each warehouse is a coin. The buyer gives one of them and orders from the seller the goods that begin with this syllable (ba - banana, ku - doll).
Write the warehouses on the cards in large, bold type. Cut each horizontally and mix. Let the child collect all the halves and read the syllables.
Give your child a long word. Let him find a few small ones in it.
Make word cards. Show your child a picture of a particular word. Let it be made up of syllables.

How to learn to read by syllables

Experts recommend starting to do this right away, the child does not even need to know all the sounds. Then the learning process will go much faster. Use game techniques, various auxiliary materials. If the baby confidently composes warehouses, go to the stage of collecting words. Remember how to properly teach a child to read by syllables. Classes should be held in the sequence described below.

Reading lessons by syllables

The process must be consistent. What are the stages of learning to read by syllables:

First, make simple words from repeated syllables (pa-pa). Watch your pronunciation.
Move on to easy and understandable words of three or four letters (le-s, on-le).
The process gets more complicated. Teach your child to read words of three or more syllables (ko-ro-wa). It is advisable to work with pictures.
Go to reading simple sentences(ma-ma we-la ra-mu).

How to teach a child to read out of syllables

Combining warehouses into words takes a lot of time and attention from children. Parents should teach the child to read fluently, pronounce syllables smoothly, learn the text well and perceive it as a whole. For this, there are such methods:

Reading for speed. Choose texts that are appropriate for the age of the child, and note how much he can read in a minute. Then let him retell summary text.
Shuffle the words in the sentence and let the child form it correctly. Start with simple examples.
Role reading. Choose a children's story. Let the child voice one character, and you another. Read by role. This will help the baby choose the right intonation, keep the rhythm, pause in the right places, understand the meaning.
Difficult words. Every day, let the baby read 2-3 times about 30 words, in which there are many difficult combinations of consonant sounds.
Develop peripheral vision and logical thinking, train your memory, correct pronunciation, reading speed.
Eliminate speech therapy and other problems.

How to teach a child to read Zhukova's primer

This book offers a combination of traditional and modern techniques. Already on the third task, the child will have to read syllables. The author offers his own order of acquaintance with letters, and not the traditional alphabetical one. The book has detailed instructions for conducting lessons, so even parents without pedagogical education can easily organize a lesson. To teach a child to read at home, the following scheme is used:

Introduction to vowels and consonants.
Learning to read in syllables.
Development of closed warehouses.
Transition from simple words to complex ones.

Video

It would seem that difficult to read? Each of us has been able to read since the age of five, and so far has coped well with works of varying complexity. However, not everything is as obvious as it seems at first glance. Have you ever noticed that even if the book was interesting, you still can't remember the name of the main character a couple of days after reading it?

The ability to read is not only the folding of letters into words, it is the comprehension of the meaning of what is read. Regardless of what you are reading - a scientific book, piece of art or an article on the Internet. Therefore, effective reading must be learned. We offer you 10 tips on how to read books correctly in order to get the effect you expect.

Do not try to embrace the immensity

It often happens that having joyfully bought several books, we put them on the shelf and never open them. And then we buy more and more new books in beautiful covers, adding to the endless list of unread. How to read books correctly? Don't buy too many at once. Better take one or two and read them at last. And do not fool yourself by buying expensive albums with high-quality illustrations - practice shows that for most people such books pointlessly gather dust on the shelves, remaining unclaimed.

You don't have to read a boring book

Someone thinks that not finishing the book you have started is a bad omen. Some people think that this is disrespectful to the author. But there are so many interesting things in the world! Don't waste time on things you don't like - it will only decrease your motivation to read. Give the book, for example, 50 pages. Or 70. If you still don't get the taste, put this one aside and take another one.

Prepare to read

It is always important to know who is writing a book, what and why. Even if it's a tabloid detective. Do not be lazy and read the information about the author, abstract, a couple of reviews. If this is a specialized literature, it will not be superfluous to study the content and afterword - there are usually summed up and conclusions drawn, which will help you decide whether you need the information presented in the book.

Not to love paper books- this is normal

Not everyone likes paper books. Dislike for books and reading is not an indicator of low intelligence outside. There are many alternative formats, for example, you can always listen to a book (audiobooks). Preference can also be given to articles, codecasts, thematic mailing lists.

Use a simple pencil when reading

Want to learn how to read books the right way? The main rule is to use a simple pencil when reading. They talk about this at school, but not everyone follows the advice of literature teachers. When you “read with a pencil,” the process is more thoughtful and efficient. You emphasize the thoughts you like, comment on something in the margins, as if talking with the author, and not just swallowing his monologue. And in this way you pass the text through yourself, highlighting the most important, interesting and useful.

Reading less than 30-40 pages at a time is pointless

30-40 pages is about a chapter. A chapter is more or less a complete thought. If you read 5-10 pages and stop, then you lose the logic of the story, and the rest of the chapter may become less clear to you. Try to read at least 40 pages at a time - this will help not only read the book before you get bored with it, but also understand it as deeply as possible.

Don't focus on one genre

Do you like detectives? Great, but don't read 10 at once. Because the first couple of books will bring you pleasure, and the rest will seem insipid, because you will get fed up with the monotony of plots. Prefer non-fiction? Books on business or psychology? Alternate them with fiction or biographies famous people. This will not only diversify the reading process and expand your horizons, but will not let you get tired of one genre, even your favorite one.

Share your impressions

The best way to express your opinion about a book is to write about it. For this, a special blog and an account in any social network are suitable. In writing your own review, your favorite quotes and comments in the margins will just help you. You will once again evaluate the work, remember your impressions, develop them - this will help you remember what you read better, and it is also very pleasant to discuss the book with other readers. And yet - you will never forget what and when you read. At the end of the year it is interesting to take stock.

The following follows from this rule:

You can always re-read your reviews

To remember the details of the book or your emotions at the time of reading, for example. This is especially true for scientific literature.

Discuss what you read

Discussion is not only a way to better understand the author, but also a great opportunity to learn how to formulate your thoughts competently and with reason. It is quite possible that after discussing the book, you will discover something new in it that you yourself did not pay attention to.

How to read? The question seemed a bit silly. If you do not talk about literacy, then take a book and read to your health. In fact, not everything is so simple. Almost all of us read books for our own development. But are we effectively extracting the most useful for ourselves? This is especially true for books on self-development, psychology, and so on.

So, let's name the main condition for you to understand how to read books correctly, and you will get the most out of this process. useful information. It is necessary to have a passionate desire to learn what is described in a particular publication. That is, you, as a reader, must firmly decide for yourself what you want and will develop all the qualities and skills that the book teaches you. It should make the most complete impression on her. You should not skip any chapters or sections out of a desire to save time. If the material presented in it needs to be remembered, then one reading will obviously not be enough. It often happens that a person misses important points. In the process of reading, you need to deeply comprehend what is written, stopping every now and then. You can stock up on a simple pencil and emphasize important points. It will help a lot when you do it again. If the material presented is really important to you, then you should refresh your memory about once a month. Just look through the book, stop at the underlined points. The acquired knowledge must be consolidated in practice.

Concerns the question of how to read scientific literature, self-improvement books, and so on. But with other publications, you are free to do as you see fit. If you read it doesn't matter how you do it. Some, for example, prefer to study such books in order, while others deliberately look at the last pages in order to know the denouement.

There is another question that worries many today. In our age, when the amount of printed information just rolls over, such a skill will be very valuable. Therefore, how to read correctly, of course, is important, but it is much better to learn how to do it as quickly as possible in order to develop at a higher speed. So, what is needed for this?

First, go back with your eyes to what you have already read. If you need it to fully understand what is written, then you should pay attention only to individual fragments.

Secondly, you must determine for yourself what is the purpose of reading this or that book. If we are talking about professional and educational literature, then it is usually studied in order to obtain specific information. That's where you concentrate.

Thirdly, it is necessary to learn to perceive the text using a differential algorithm, and it includes keywords, necessarily - semantic series, and dominant. What does all of this mean? When reading, underline the key words that express the main semantic load with a pencil. Semantic series are formed from them, they allow you to briefly understand what is being discussed in a particular paragraph. The dominant expresses the semantic part of the text, but at the same time it is formed by the reader himself in his own words after understanding the information received.

Fourth, read to yourself. The main enemy of speed reading is articulation. At the same time, you should not pronounce individual words aloud and even move your lips. If not, hold a pencil in your mouth. You can get rid of articulation by tapping the rhythm with your hand while reading.

Fifth, you just need to develop. So you will quickly find the information you need in the text, while focusing on keywords. Text should ideally be read as whole paragraphs, not lines or words. You must keep one page in your field of vision.

Sixth, you should develop attention. After all, its qualities such as stability, concentration, volume, switching and distribution make reading productive.

When you study a foreign language, you are not only studying a set of vocabulary and grammar, but in any case, you are faced with the culture and mentality of the people who speak this language. The best remedy knowledge of language and culture is reading in original. And to read in a foreign language, you must learn to read in that language first .

You don't have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading them.

You don't have to burn books to destroy a culture. You can just get people to stop reading them.

But, if at school or university you studied German or French, or your school base turned out to be smaller than you would like, and now you decide to learn English, then let's start with the most primary and basic and learn a few techniques where to start in order to master the rules of reading.

English alphabet

I think you know that English is different from Russian and German, in which we mostly read and write. AT English language the system is a little more complicated. The very first thing we need to do is to learn the alphabet.

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet, of which 21 are consonants and 5 are vowels. Knowing the letters and the ability to pronounce them correctly is the key to successful and competent reading in English.

English alphabet with transcription of the names of the letters.

Highly easy way memorize letters visually and by ear - this is with the help of a song. Watch the video and sing the song until you remember the letters of the alphabet.

You can use the same method to teach the alphabet to your children, and sing a song with your little ones.

Reading rules in English

After studying the alphabet, we will begin to study the combination of letters and read short words. In English, there are a number of rules that you need to learn, practice and remember if you want to read English words correctly.

Rules for reading English consonants

Many consonants read similarly to Russian consonants, such as letters m, n, l, b, f, z. You can see it in words like mom, lemon, finger, boy, zebra .

Letters like t and d sound similar but are pronounced with aspirated. For example words table, teacher, dad, dirty.

Letter c has two readings. Before letters i,e,y it reads like [s]- city, face, cyber. And before the rest of the vowels it reads like [k]- cat, cake, factory.

Rule with vowels i,e,y works with letter g. Before them, it reads as - gym, George, giant. Before other consonants, the letter is read as [g].

Letter q always found in a combination of letters qu and reads like - quick, queen, square.

Letter j always read as - jacket, jam, joy.

Table of the ratio of consonants and sounds in English.

How vowels are read in English

In English, a word can end in an open or closed syllable, which affects pronunciation. For example words cat, pot, sit end in a closed syllable and have vowels a, o, i give sounds .

Words such as name, home, five end in an open syllable, since the word ends with a letter e, which is unreadable. But, thanks to her, the vowels in the middle of the word are read exactly the same as they are pronounced in the alphabet, that is, the word name is read.

Types of reading English vowels in stressed syllables.

Reading vowel combinations in English

There are certain combinations of letters that have established reading rules, although English language - language exceptions, and when reading more complex words, you should consult a dictionary. The table below shows combinations of english vowels with examples how they are read and what sound they make.

Table of combinations of vowels in English.

And of course, there are exceptions to all rules. However, do not worry and think that you will never be able to learn it. Everything can be understood, you just need to try a little and practice.

English diphthongs with transcription

When you learn the basic rules of reading, you will see that in English there are diphthong sounds that are quite difficult to reproduce, especially if you start learning the language not from childhood, but as an adult.

Table of English diphthongs with transcription.

Transcription of sounds in English

Practice shows that when children learn a language, they must necessarily study transcription, while adults do not want to learn it, and for them it can be difficult.

If you still want to learn how to write and read transcription, then great! And if not, then you can use online dictionaries where the word will be pronounced for you. One of the best dictionaries today are Multitran and online dictionary Lingvo.

Important!

Remember that it is necessary to use dictionaries, not translators!

Here is an example of reading short words with transcription:

English vowel table and transcription.

The fact that we live in the age of the Internet has some advantages. Sitting at home, you can learn different knowledge online. For your attention video lesson which explains basic principles reading. However, even after gaining knowledge through an online lesson, they need to be consolidated in order to form a skill.

Learn English tongue twisters

Here tongue twisters can help you, which are often aimed at practicing one sound. Here are some examples you can use.

English tongue twister	Translation into Russian
Whether the weather be fine, or whether the weather be not. Whether the weather be cold, or whether the weather be hot. We'll weather the weather whether we like it or not.	The weather will be good or the weather won't be good. The weather will be cold or the weather will be hot. We'll weather any weather whether we like it or not.
three swiss witch-bitches, which wished to be switched swiss witch-bitches, watch three swiss Swatch watch switches. Which swiss witch-bitch", which wishes to be a switched swiss witch-bitch, wishes to watch which swiss swatch switch?	Three swiss bitch witches wishing to change their gender, looking at the three buttons on the Swatch watch. Which one of the Swiss bitch witches wishing to change their gender, looks at which button on the watch "Swatch"?

Don't worry it's tongue twisters! At this stage, when you are just learning to read and practicing sounds, it is important to pronounce them correctly, albeit slowly. You can always speed up.

Learn to hear English speech

After learning the basic, basic rules of reading, you can use the method of repeating after the announcer. Your auditory memory will also work and you will hear how words are pronounced correctly and what intonation is in sentences.

To do this, you can use small dialogues and audiobooks for beginners. At this level, it will be ideal if the text is in front of your eyes, you listen, read and repeat at the same time!

You can use such a great resource as Oxford Bookworm Library, which features audiobooks for all levels. You can download the library for free

For those who continue to learn English, we recommend learning the language from films, which you can read about in the article

Work on your pronunciation

Reading is only the first step in learning a language. As well as learning grammar and vocabulary, learning how to pronounce and hear correctly is very important if you want to understand what is being said to you and say it so that you are understood. Especially if you're talking to a native speaker.

As we said a little above, one of the best ways is to listen carefully to native speakers and try to copy their pronunciation and intonation .

Particular attention should be paid to sounds that are not in your mother tongue. Often, English learners have a problem with the 'r' sound, as in Russian it is hard, while in English it is more guttural and growling.

There are also difficulties with the pronunciation of two sounds, which gives combination of letters 'th'. Students stubbornly pronounce it as 'c' and 'h'. Although it is worth paying attention that in such words as this, that, there this sound is said as between 'z' and 'd'. And in words like three, think, thief, it is pronounced as a sound between ‘f’ and ‘s’.

This may seem strange to you, since there are no such sounds in Russian, but if you listen to native speakers, you will understand that this is what they say.

Don't worry if you can't get these words right the first time, it takes a little practice. But, try to learn correctly from the very beginning, because it will be more difficult when you are forced to relearn.

Learn to pronounce phrases in English correctly

In English, words in sentences are not pronounced separately, they often merge, as if into one whole, especially if it is a combination of vowel and consonant letters. Look and practice on these transcription examples.

The same applies to such phrases where one word ends with the letter 'r', and the next word begins with a vowel. In such cases, the 'r' sound is pronounced. Here are some examples.