Need to make a sentence out of English words? There is nothing easier! Construction of sentences in English. Sentence schemes in English

In order to build even the simplest sentence in English, you need to know the word order in the language. This seemingly simple but very important topic is the starting point in learning English grammar.

Subject + predicate + direct object

In an ordinary affirmative sentence, the subject is placed immediately before the predicate (verb). The direct object, when present, comes immediately after the verb. For instance:

• They bought a car. — They bought a car.
• We can't do that. - We can't do that.
• The girl in a blue dress was playing the piano. — girl in blue dress played the piano.

Predicate

Note that by subject here we mean not only the main noun or pronoun, but also the adjectives or descriptive phrases that refer to it. The rest of the sentence, which does not refer to the subject, is called the predicate. For instance:

• The girl in a blue dress was playing the piano.

Indirect additions and circumstances

If there are any other parts in the sentence - indirect objects or circumstances - they usually occupy a strictly defined place.

Position of indirect object

after direct object if it contains the preposition to.

An indirect addition is put front by direct object when to is absent. For instance:

• The teacher gave dictionaries to the pupils. The teacher handed out dictionaries to the students.
• The teacher gave them dictionaries. The teacher gave them dictionaries.

Position of circumstance

The circumstance can be placed in three places:

Before the subject (usually these are circumstances of time)

• In the morning he was reading a book. — He was reading a book in the morning.

After the addition (here you can put almost any adverb or adverbial phrase):

• He was reading a book at the library. — He was reading a book in the library.

Between the auxiliary and the main verb (as a rule, these are short adverbs):

• He has already read this book. He has already read the book.

Normally, in standard English, no other words are placed between the subject and the predicate, or between the predicate and the object. But there are a few exceptions. Here are the most important ones:

Adverbs of frequency of action and indirect objects without the preposition to

• I sometimes drink coffee in the morning. - I AM sometimes I drink coffee in the morning.
• He showed the driver his bus pass. - He showed driver your bus pass.

If you follow these simple rules, you will be able to avoid mistakes in the arrangement of words in an English sentence. The examples given are intentionally simple - but the same rules can be applied to more . For instance:

• The woman,, never went to sleep before - A woman [who often felt lonely] never went to bed [without calling her sister].

Stylistic change in word order

Of course, there are exceptions to the rules, and writers or speakers often use non-standard word order for special effect. But if we now focus on exceptions, we digress from the main principles, and the problem of word order in a sentence can seem very complicated.

So here are a few more examples: you should be aware that such sentences exist, but don't try to use them unless absolutely necessary until you master the principles of normal word order (remember to learn how to walk first, and then run!):

• Never before had he felt so miserable. He had never felt so miserable before.

If the sentence begins with never or never before, the subject and verb are often inverted, i.e. change places. Don't use inversion when never follows the subject!

• Hardly had I finished cleaning the house, my friend called. I had hardly finished cleaning the house when my friend called.

(When a sentence begins with hardly, the subject and verb must always be inverted.)

• Had they known, they "d never have done that." - If they knew this, they would never have done that.

(The inversion is used in hypothetical condition structures when the if is omitted.)

• Whatever you can tell me, I know already. “Whatever you tell me, I already know it.

Here's the extended addendum, Whatever you can tell me, placed at the beginning of a sentence for artistic reasons: this sentence structure is not necessary, it's just .

Now, having mastered the rules for constructing simple sentences, you can move on to more complex sentences with subordinate structures.

How do you feel about non-standard word order in English? Difficult, don't you understand? Share in the comments!

As often in exams, in various tests, we are faced with the need to correctly compose a phrase from a set of words. If in Russian it almost doesn’t matter whether you start a sentence with a subject or a predicate, then in English there are certain principles that must be observed. Properly organized structure of the statement is the key to competent speech.

From the first days of acquaintance with English, it is necessary to remember a strict sentence scheme, word order. A clear sequence facilitates understanding, listening to speech. V writing language is presented not as a collection of words, but as a structured utterance.

Word order in an English sentence

Believe me, having mastered the basics of the interaction of the members of the proposal, it is safe to say that soon you will be able to speak. Yes, at first in simple phrases of two or three words, but gradually expand your vocabulary and diversify your speech. So, the rules of construction:

Subject + predicate + object + circumstance

Subject + predicate + object + adverbal modifier

The boy showed the mark-book yesterday. (The boy showed the diary yesterday)

subject skaz. additional the situation

Well, that's not all. There can be several circumstances or additions in one phrase. How to put everything in its place, not only from the lexical side, but also from the grammatical side? Let's look at an example:

• Building sentences in English language based on the fact that if there are several additions, then they alternate as follows:

indirect add. (to whom?) + direct (what) + with a preposition (to whom?)

She wrote her friend a letter. But: She wrote a letter to her friend. — She wrote a letter to her friend. = She wrote a letter to her friend. (there is no grammatical difference in Russian)

As can be seen from the example, if an indirect object is without a preposition, then it precedes the direct one, and if a preposition is used, then it comes after it.

• According to the word order in the English sentence, circumstances arranged like this:

mode of action (goals, reasons) (how?) + places (where? where?) + time (when?)

He was running quickly to his house at 6 o'clock yesterday. He ran home quickly at 6 o'clock yesterday.

If there is a need to logically highlight the circumstance of place or time, then it can be brought to the fore.

Moscow he visited many museums last year. In Moscow, he visited many museums last year.
last year he visited many museums in Moscow. — Last year he visited many museums in Moscow.

• There is also such a member of the sentence as definition. This free bird is always in front of the word to which it refers. Sometimes one definition is not enough to fully characterize the subject, so it is necessary to use several. How, what and where to put?

1. Article or possessive pronoun(or noun in Possesive Case), numerals + adjectives: my beautiful yellow hat , Tom's ugly big old Italian hunting boots, the first difficult examination question.
2. Adjectives in this order: Emotional attitude → fact: a nice sunny day - a beautiful sunny day.
3. Facts, if there are more than one, are arranged in the following order: size → age → color → from where → from what. Not necessarily in the sentence you will find all the characteristics, it can be two or three adjectives (definitions are most often adjectives), which means that skipping one of the elements of the scheme, put everything in the right order. Let's look at some examples: a nice small black plastic bag, a new black plastic bag.

A famous Scottish poet was born in 1750. - characterizes the subject - emotic. coloring + from where (Famous poet was born in 1750)

So, faced with the question, how to write sentences in english look at every word. First of all, it is necessary to find the main members (who performs the action, what, or over what, then - what happens, the action itself) and put them in first place. Then, minor members in accordance with the scheme.

But, I would also like to point out questions that are not exactly a violation, but a slight change in order. Thus, the subject and predicate firmly hold on to their places and do not yield to anyone, just like the circumstance and object. But, an interrogative sentence can begin with an auxiliary verb, modal or with a special word.

Did he live in Minsk? — Did he live in Minsk?

Do do you have a computer? - You have a computer?

Can will you take me to the museum? — Can you take me to the museum?

What kind of book are you reading now? - What book are you reading now?

Cases of violation of the direct word order in an English sentence

Of course, not without difficulty! The above scheme is most likely valid for 80% of affirmative statements. But there are some features worth remembering.

Such a grammatical phenomenon as inversion turns everything upside down. What it is? In cases where the structure of the sentence in English is broken, the reverse order of the subject and predicate is noted. But there is a certain, limited set of such situations.

1. In units of speech with turnover there is/there are the subject comes after the predicate.

There is a round table in the middle of the room. There is a round table in the middle of the room.

2. If the phrase begins with direct speech (with ""), and indirect follows it, the subject also changes places with the verb.

"I haven't painted for ages" said my friend. “I haven't painted in ages,” my friend said.

3. In statements beginning with "here", but only if the subject is expressed by a noun. But, if a pronoun is used in its place after here, then the direct order is preserved.

Here are the gloves you are looking for. “Here are the gloves you are looking for.

Here comes our teacher. Here comes our teacher.

BUT: Here it is. - Here it is. Here he comes. “Here he comes.

4. If the sentence begins with adverbs or conjunctions such as never (never), seldom (rarely), little (few), in vain (in vain), scarcely (barely), not only (not only), hardly (barely), then there is an inversion. Most often, disruption is used to give emotional coloring to the statement, and these words, which are brought to the fore, reinforce and emphasize the meaning.

In wine doesshedye her hair. — She dyes her hair in vain.

Never in his life has hegone abroad. He has never traveled abroad in his life.

Seldom can he come to see us. He rarely visits us.

5. In brief remarks, for example, such as So did I, Neither do I (And so did I).

Every morning I take a shower. - So do I. - I take a shower every morning. And me too.

She didn't read this book. — Neither did I. — She didn't read this book. And me too.

In principle, everything is very specific in syntactic constructions. With many rules and just as many exceptions, it is not difficult to build statements if you follow the instructions exactly. So, remember that the composition of sentences in English strictly obeys the scheme. Follow her, and then you will succeed!

Knowing how a sentence is constructed in English is a fundamental key to correct English speech. Having well understood the principles of constructing English sentences of various types, you can easily operate different times, ask questions correctly, speak English faster.

Strict word order in an English sentence

The construction of sentences in English requires clarification due to the dissimilarity of the syntax of English and Russian. For example, The boy was picking berries all day. can be translated in ten ways:

1. The boy was picking berries all day
2. The boy picked berries all day
3. The boy picked berries all day
4. The boy picked berries all day
5. The boy picked berries all day
6. The boy picked berries all day
7. The boy picked berries all day
8. The boy picked berries all day
9. The boy picked berries all day
10. The boy picked berries all day

In English, this will be just one option, where the word order is strictly defined - the subject is followed by the predicate, then the object and circumstance. On the one hand, it seems that such a restriction is annoying, but practice shows: what less space to maneuver, the less chance of error. As a result, it turns out to be easier to build sentences of foreign speech according to a strictly defined scheme than to literally convey ornate Russian thoughts.

The scheme of a typical affirmative English sentence looks like this:

Exception for circumstance

There is one exception to the rule “subject, predicate, and then everything else” - this is a circumstance. In English, it can stand in sentences in four different positions:

Before the subject - adverb of time

Last night she left for Pekin - She left for Beijing last night.

Between the subject and the predicate - the circumstance of the frequency of the action

Marcus seldom eats spinach - Marcus rarely eats spinach.

Between the auxiliary and the main verb of the predicate - the circumstances of the image or time of action (adverbs)

Grant has never been to Penza - Grant has never been to Penza.

And according to the traditional scheme - after the addition, at the end of the sentence.

Flora broke the agreement at once - Flora immediately broke the agreement.

Construction of negative sentences in English

The word order in negative sentences in English differs from affirmative sentences only by the particle NOT. The composition of the predicate in a negative sentence has the form "auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb".

Belinda did not show her impatience - Belinda did not show her impatience.

Construction of interrogative sentences in English

General issues

General questions (requiring a yes or no answer) in English always begin with an auxiliary verb. After it, the word order of the affirmative sentence is preserved.

Did the pupils stand still? Were the students calm?

Special questions

Special questions are clarifying in nature and begin with special "question words". After such a word in a special question, we put an auxiliary verb, and then again we return to the affirmative word order.

Why did the pupils stand still? Why were the students standing still?

Stylistic inversion in English.

The order of words in a sentence in English can change when a special stylistic device is used - inversion (reverse word order). Mainly artistic technique, which serves to emotionally highlight some expression or thought.

And came empty days full of misery and despair. - And empty days came, full of suffering and despair.

Training and control.

Despite the fact that there is nothing complicated in the scheme English sentence no, it is not so easy to introduce this very scheme into the Russian consciousness. We are used to being free with words. After all, thanks to the endings, the order of words in a Russian sentence is not important.

When we learn to speak English, we automatically put English words in the place of Russian ones, often completely distorting the meaning of what we want to say.

To develop the automatism of the correct word order in a sentence in English, you need to build a thought over and over again according to desired scheme. It is difficult to do this on your own. The lessons of the Lim-English learning site are designed in such a way that the Russian and English versions of the sentences in them almost verbatim match. By completing tasks on the site, you will not only understand how a sentence is built in English, but also quietly bring the skill of correct English speech to automaticity. By the way, you can also meet a rather rare phenomenon of stylistic inversion in Lim-English in beautiful English fairy tales.

In the lesson below, we will look at a very important grammatical topic - the construction of declarative sentences in English. The construction of a declarative sentence in Russian is very different from English. Therefore, be careful and pay enough attention to this topic.

First, answer the question - what is a declarative sentence? A declarative sentence is a sentence that expresses the idea of ​​the presence or absence of some actual or supposed phenomenon. Accordingly, they can be affirmative or negative. They are usually pronounced with a falling intonation.

The Russian language is characterized by a free word order, i.e. we can rearrange the words in a sentence and its meaning will remain the same. This is due to the fact that the Russian language has a developed system of case endings.

For instance:

• The bear killed the rabbit.
• The hare was killed by the bear.

As you can see, the meaning of the sentence has not changed much. Only the semantic emphasis depends on which member of the sentence comes first. That is, in the first place is what we want to emphasize. The word "bear" is in the nominative case and is the subject of the sentence, wherever it appears. The word "hare" is in the accusative case and is a direct object, wherever it stands.

Now let's do the same with the English sentence:

• The bear killed the rabbit.
• The rabbit killed the bear.

The rearrangement of words in the English sentence radically changed its meaning. Now the second sentence is translated as "The hare killed the bear." And all because in English there are practically no case endings and the function of a word is determined by its place in the sentence. In English, the subject always comes before the verb. And the word after the verb will perform the functions of a direct object. Therefore, in the second English version, it turned out that the word "rabbit" became the subject.

Remember the rule:

The word order in an English declarative sentence is direct (that is, first the subject, and then the predicate) and strictly fixed!

Rules for constructing narrative sentences

Word order scheme in an English sentence

I	II	III	III	III
Subject	Predicate	indirect addition	direct addition	prepositional addition
My name	is Peter.
I	like		skating.
Olga	bought	her brother	a car	for a present.
my brother	teaches	me	to swim.

Following the rules of this scheme, when constructing sentences in English, the grammatical basis is first placed, that is, the subject and the predicate. Additions follow immediately after the predicate. The indirect object answers the question “to whom?”, the direct object answers the question “what?”, and the prepositional object answers the question “for what? how?".

As for the circumstances, the circumstances of place and time can be either at the end of the sentence, or in zero place before the subject. Review the following table:

0	I	II	III	III	III	IV	IV	IV
Circumstance time or place	Subject	Predicate	indirect addition	direct addition	prepositional addition	Circumstance course of action	Circumstance places	Circumstance time
	We	do		our work		with pleasure.
Yesterday	he	read		the text		well.
	I	saw		him			at the school	today.

According to the rules, the definition can be with any member of the sentence, which is expressed by a noun. It does not have a fixed place in the sentence, nor does it change the general obligatory scheme for the declarative sentence. For instance:

If necessary, each member of a sentence expressed by a noun can have two definitions: left (located to the left of the word to which it refers) and right definition or attributive turns (located to the right of the word to which it refers).

Direct word order:

Inversion in a declarative sentence

Inversion in English is a change in the order of words in relation to the subject and predicate. That is, the location of the predicate (or part of it) in front of the subject is called inversion.

In declarative sentences, inversion is observed:

1. If the predicate is expressed by the turnover there is / are (there was / were, there'll be, there has been, there can be, etc.).
Examples:

• There is a big lake near our house - There is a large lake near our house (there is - predicate, a lake - subject)
• There was nothing on the table when I returned - There was nothing on the table when I returned

2. In short sentences expressing confirmation or negation with the words so or neither - "So (Neither) do (have, am, can) I", which are translated by the turnover "And I too." In such replica sentences, the auxiliary verb do is placed before the subject (if in the predicate of the previous sentence the main verb was in present simple or Past Simple) or the verbs will, be, have and other auxiliary and modal verbs (if they were contained in the predicate of the previous sentence).

• She knows Spanish very well. − So does her brother. (She knows Spanish very well. - Her brother too.)
• I like the ice cream very much. - So do I. (I like ice cream. - Me too.)
• They came too late. − So did we. (They came too late. - So did we.)
• I haven't eaten this ace-cream yet. - Neither have I. (I haven't eaten this ice cream yet. - Neither have I.)
• She can't go home now. - Neither can I. (She can't go home now. - Neither can I.)

3. If the sentence begins with adverbs here - here, there - over there, now, then, and the subject is expressed by a noun.

• Here are the pencils you'd been looking for − Here are the pencils you were looking for
• Here is an example - Here is an example

If the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun, the direct word order is used in the sentence.

• Nege you are − Here you are
• Here it is

4. With the verbs had, were, should in a non-union conditional clause.

• Should you meet him in town, ask him to ring me up - If you meet him in town, ask him to call me

5. In words introducing direct speech, when these words are after direct speech and the subject is expressed by a noun.

• "Who can read the text?" - asked the teacher - "Who can read the text?" the teacher asked

If the subject in words introducing direct speech is expressed by a personal pronoun, inversion is not used.

• "Who can read the text?" - he asked - "Who can read the text?" - he asked

By remembering the rules for constructing declarative sentences in English, you will be able to correctly express your thoughts. The main thing is to remember what the direct word order looks like in English, that is, to learn the scheme. Good luck in learning English! ( 5 Votes: 4,20 out of 5)

In order for your oral and written English to be as literate as possible, you need not only to know a large number of words in this language, but also to be able to compose them into sentences, structure everything in such a way that your thoughts and message are clear to the interlocutors. Sentences are the basis of any text, so the ability to build them according to all the rules is very important for high-quality language proficiency.

Elements of an English sentence

The sentence consists of several members, but only two are constant - the subject and the predicate. They are also called the main members. Each member of the English sentence has its own place - the word order, unlike the Russian language, is strictly the same here. Violating it, the English phrase will lose all meaning.

Subject

The subject is in the form of a common noun (as in the dictionary) in any number, in the form of a personal pronoun that has a nominative case, as well as a numeral, infinitive and gerund. The subject always comes before the verb and usually at the beginning of a sentence.

For nouns, the article may change or be completely absent - it all depends on what object or person is meant in the sentence.

Mouseare afraid of cat- The mouse is afraid of the cat;

Iam fond of music- I'm into music;

Fouris believed to be an unlucky number in Japan - It is believed that four is an unlucky number in Japan;

To helpyou is my choice- Help you - my choice;

Reading togood book raises my mood- Reading a good book cheers me up.

Table of personal pronouns that can act as a subject:

Sometimes indefinite and negative pronouns can become the subject:

Predicate

The predicate is the main component of the sentence. With the help of it, we understand what time the described event is associated with. The predicate is placed next to the subject - that is, in second place. It is of the following types: verb (the Verbal Predicate) and nominal ( the Nominal Predicate).

verb predicatestands in personal form and serves as a determinant of action.

Example:

This manstudiesSpanish- This man is learning Spanish;

Samwill moveto another countrySam will move to another country.

Wehave to stoplistening music- We should stop listening to music;

Juliacan runfaster- Julia can run faster;

Shestarted dancing- She began to dance;

A teacherfinished introductionhimselfThe teacher finished introducing himself.

nominal predicateshows the characteristics of an object or living being. It cannot denote actions and consists of two components - a linking verb and a nominal part. The nominal part can be various parts speech: nouns, pronouns, numerals, adjectives, infinitives, gerunds and participles.

Example:

Shewas a teacher- She was a teacher;

The cupis yours- The cup is yours;

This girlis nineteen- This girl is 19 years old;

The wallis black- The wall is black;

Him missionwas to helpher to cope with everything- His mission was to help her cope with everything;

Her greatest wishis flying– Her greatest desire is to fly;

The pastais boiled- The pasta is cooked.

The predicate can be formed not only from one verb, but also from two:

• Main verb . Indicates the action that the second performs main member. For instance:He runs- He is running.
• Auxiliary . Distinguishes times. If the tense form obliges the presence of such a verb, then it is unacceptable to omit from the sentence. Forpresent simple it will be do/does, for past perfect - had, and for Future Continuous - will be.

Below will be listed all those members of the proposal, which are called secondary. Their task is to explain the main members of the sentence or other secondary ones. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that even without them, the sentence will have a clear meaning, since these words do not form a grammatical center in it.

Addition

The object is placed after the predicate and is expressed by a noun and a pronoun. Such words answer any case questions, excluding the nominative. There are two types of additions:

• direct complement . Answers the questions of the accusative case “whom?”, “What?”;
• indirect addition . Answers other questions: “what?”, “what?”, “to whom?” etc.

There are cases when there are two additions in one sentence. In such cases, we first put the direct, and then the indirect.

Example:

I seea boy- I see a boy;

He is readinga magazine to the friend- He is reading a magazine to a friend;

I playthe computer game with him- I play computer game with him.

Circumstance

This member of the sentence answers the questions “where?”, “Why”, “when”, etc. and can denote a place, time, image, or reason for an action. It is attached to the predicate and takes place either at the beginning of the sentence or at the end. It is expressed by an adverb or a noun with a preposition.

Example:

My black dog lieson the window- My black dog lies on the window;

TodayI saw her with my sister- Yesterday I saw her with my sister.

Definition

This member of the sentence answers the questions “what?” and “whose?” and describes the properties of the words before which it is placed (subject and object). The definition-participial turnover is usually placed behind these members of the sentence. The definition can be used in the form different parts speech: adjective, participle and participle turnover, numeral, noun in possessive, personal pronoun in object case and others.

Example:

Yesterday I had astrongtoothache- Yesterday I had a severe toothache;

Where are the goodsbought at the auction yesterday ? - Where are the goods bought yesterday at the auction?;

Her office is on thefirstfloor- Her office is on the first floor;

Sam founda lady'shat in the street- Sam found a women's hat on the street;

There isn'tanywater left in the cup- There is no water left in the cup.

Structure and word order in a sentence in English

In Russian, the order of words in a sentence is freed from the rules, and the meaning of phrases does not change from the rearrangement of members. In English, everything is stricter with this: words can stand in two orders: direct and reverse. To illustrate, let's look at a simple example:

I love you- I love you = I love you = I love you.

This phrase has as many as three translations into Russian.

Note that in English there are three types of sentences, and each of them has its own order of members:

• affirmative;
• interrogative;
• Negative.

Building an affirmative sentence in English

This type of proposal has a direct order of members. It should look like this: first - the subject, then the predicate, and only then the addition with the circumstance. Sometimes, as mentioned above, the circumstance may take the beginning of the sentence. Do not forget that sometimes an auxiliary is added to the main verb, which is also part of the predicate - so the order will still remain direct.

Example:

Today I bought a dog set to my son - Today I bought my son a dog;

We'll go home after working- We'll go home after work;

I have no idea how to learn to play the piano - I have no idea how to learn to play the piano.

Building a negative sentence in English

In such sentences, as well as in the previous version, the word order will be direct. But in order to mark this negation, we add the particle “not" (not). This particle necessarily adjoins the auxiliary verb, which is obligatory in such cases.

Example:

My girlfriend will not visit me in two days - My girlfriend won't visit me in two days;

Sam will not be there- Sam won't be there;

She is not reading at the moment - She is not reading at the moment;

I was not aware of the situation in Ukraine - I did not know about the situation in Ukraine;

I haven't done homework today yet - I haven't done my homework today.

Building an interrogative sentence in English

In Russian, sentences with a question differ from statements only in the intonation with which the speaker pronounces them. In the English version of the interrogative sentence, a different word order is used - the reverse. In it, the subject and predicate are reversed. But only a part of the predicate is put at the beginning - an auxiliary verb, the presence of which is mandatory here. The main verb is still placed after the subject, like all other words. The only exception is that the circumstance here cannot be at the beginning.

Example:

Do you like this music?- Do you like this music?;

Have you been to Japan?- Have you been to Japan?

Sometimes such phrases include a question word - in this case, put it at the beginning.

Example:

What do you think about our teacher? - What do you think of our teacher?;

When did he move to Russia?- When did he move to Russia?

There are also sentences with a question, which is called a dividing one - and in this case, you will have to abandon the standard, “correct” structuring. A sentence with a disjunctive question is created as follows: first - affirmative or negative sentence, and then a short question.

Example:

She is rather beautiful, isn't she? - She's pretty pretty, isn't she?;

He studies Spanish, doesn't he? - He's studying Spanish, isn't he?

Construction of short answers in English

In Russian speech, we can briefly answer “Yes” or “No” to many questions. The foreign language we are studying also has such an opportunity, but with one difference - here you cannot simply answer “Yes” or “No”, since such a wording of the answer may seem unfriendly. Therefore, the English, who want to give a short answer to the question posed, add the subject and auxiliary verb used in the question.

Example:

ㄧ Has he visited the Kremlin?- Did he visit the Kremlin?

ㄧ Yes, he has- Yes;

ㄧ Do they work in the college?- Do they work at the college?

ㄧ No, they don't- Not.

If the question asked to you contains the pronoun “you” (you) - it is asked to you personally. The answer to such a question should be from yourself, and not from “you”.

Example:

ㄧ Do you like summer?- Do you like summer?

ㄧ Yes, I do- Yes.

ㄧ Will you write me?- Will you write to me?

ㄧ No, I won't- Not.

Creating literate phrases in English is like a constructor - you just need to insert the necessary parts of it, members of the sentence. More often try to formulate coherent texts in the language you are learning, not only in writing, but also orally, communicating with native speakers of the language you need or with people who, like you, are studying it.