Proper insulation of the facade of the house. Facade insulation for exterior decoration of the house

Insulation of the facade of the house is an important stage in the process of creating a reliable and durable structure. For outdoor insulation today use a variety of materials, each of which has its own characteristics. Consider the main types of heaters.

Styrofoam and extruded polystyrene foam as insulation

Expanded polystyrene, or as it is more commonly called polystyrene, is one of the most popular insulation materials. The main reason for the increased demand for it is its special physical and chemical properties, as well as an affordable price. The production of polystyrene foam is deployed almost throughout Russia, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of shipping plates to the facility for insulation by an order of magnitude.

To the main advantages of expanded polystyrene include high rates of heat and sound insulation, reliability, practicality and durability. They can be used to insulate a facade of any type, and can be used to create a design for ventilated facades.

Its disadvantages include instability to sunlight, direct hit of which can lead to premature destruction, as well as susceptibility to rodents. Choosing the right finish for a house insulated with foam plastic will extend its life to a hundred years.

Based on polystyrene, another material for external insulation is produced - extruded polystyrene foam. It is a plate of numerous small cells that do not absorb moisture.

Extruded polystyrene foam demonstrates excellent thermal insulation performance, is convenient to use and durable. As for the disadvantages, they include high cost and high density along with low throughput for adhesive solutions.

Mineral and basalt wool as insulation

Mineral wool is a roll insulation, which is good for insulating the facade and roof of the building.

It is an excellent heat insulator, affordable, easy to use and transport. It is very important to properly install mineral wool taking into account the low density of the material and high performance vapor permeability using superdiffusion membranes responsible for the removal of condensate.

The main disadvantage of mineral wool as a heater is the inability to remove excess moisture, which leads to the removal of heat outside from the room.

Basalt wool - a type of mineral wool, also comes in rolls, but more often in more expensive slabs. The main advantage of wool is its thermal insulation properties and incombustibility. The material should especially insulate the facade of houses at risk of fire - cotton wool will block the flame in the room in the event of a fire.

The minus of basalt wool is the same as that of mineral wool - it absorbs moisture and is not able to remove condensate. In addition, basalt wool is not an environmentally friendly material, as it contains formaldehyde resins necessary for fixing components.

polyurethane foam for home insulation

One of the most modern insulation for exterior walls is polyurethane foam, which retains heat better than all the materials listed above. Polyurethane foam will not require additional work on vapor and waterproofing, it will last for many years, provided it is protected from sunlight.

The material is applied to the facade with special equipment, by spraying. Its main advantages include:

• high rates of thermal insulation;
• moisture resistance;
• ease of application;
• interaction with surfaces of any type.

The disadvantages include the high cost and costs associated with transportation..

Thermal panels for wall insulation

Not so long ago, thermal panels began to be used to insulate the exterior walls of a house. In European countries, this particular method of warming is the most popular, which indicates its justification in all respects.

There are two types of thermal panels: for brick and for painting. The former initially imitate brickwork and are great for cladding and insulating a house. The second can be painted in any color, achieving similarity with natural materials.
Thermal panels are produced at special factories. Each product consists of:

• insulation;
• outer cladding layer.

It is convenient and simple to use panels for insulation. The materials are attached to the facade without the use of adhesives and plasters in any weather and season. Simultaneously with the insulation, you can solve the problem of decorating the walls of the house in the desired style.

How to choose the right insulation for the exterior walls of the house?

If, after analyzing the above materials for insulation, you still have not made your choice, then it does not hurt to get answers to the following questions from the seller before buying:

Comparison of polyurethane foam and mineral wool

1. What is the thermal conductivity of the material? Remember that the lower the thermal conductivity, the smaller the thickness of the material for insulation.
2. What are the indicators of moisture absorption? The moisture absorption coefficient should be small, only in this case we can talk about the moisture resistance of the material.
3. What are the indicators of hydrophobicity and vapor permeability? It is important that the material not only absorb moisture as little as possible, but also be able to remove excess condensate from the room through the walls.
4. How high is the fire resistance? It is important that the insulation is as non-combustible as possible, and does not allow the spread of fire in the event of a fire.
5. Maximum shelf life? A good insulation should last at least 50 years.
6. How environmentally friendly is the material? To confirm the words of the seller, sanitary and epidemiological conclusions must be provided.
7. How big is the mass of material? The lower the weight of the insulation, the cheaper and easier the work on insulation will be.

The right choice of insulation for the facade of the house will significantly reduce the cost of heating the premises in the cold season. In winter, the house will be warm, and in summer it will not be so hot, which will allow you not to use air conditioners and fans. In addition, the right insulation will protect the walls from sudden temperature changes and extend their service life.

The main criteria for choosing a material for thermal insulation

Of course, each buyer, choosing materials to insulate the house, is guided by personal preferences. However, there are certain criteria that should be followed when making your choice.
One of the most important criteria in our time - this is the cost of material for thermal insulation.

When planning a purchase, one should take into account not only the price of the insulation itself, but also the cost of its installation and delivery. The thicker the insulation, the more expensive it will be to install it.

The material for thermal insulation with stone is hydrophobic and shows excellent resistance to moisture, so such heaters are more suitable for work than others. For example, stone wool suitable for insulation of almost all types of buildings, from the basement to the roof.

It is customary to insulate private houses and cottages with materials without additional coating, and baths, saunas and similar structures - with heaters with a layer of foil, which will be responsible for heat reflection.

Finally a little reminder for the buyer:

1. There is no universal material for thermal insulation.
2. For each type of building, the most suitable insulation should be selected.
3. To insulate the roof, it is better to use fiberglass and basalt materials.
4. To insulate the basement, moisture-resistant extruded polystyrene foam is suitable.
5. Wet facades are best insulated with stone wool.
6. In ventilated facades, it is better to use basalt and fiberglass slabs.

Mankind has been trying for several decades to find ways to reduce energy consumption, the lion's share of which is the heating of buildings. By minimizing heat loss as much as possible, you can count on a significant economic effect. New progressive technologies that have proven themselves in all climatic conditions, were found over 30 years ago. The technique is being improved from year to year, manufacturers produce various Construction Materials for facade insulation. In some countries, energy saving programs have been launched, which are based on the idea of ​​wet insulation of facades.

How to insulate the facade

Facade insulation is a popular way exterior finish buildings and energy saving at the same time. Such a procedure solves several problems at once: it protects the walls from adverse weather factors, keeps the heat in the house and decorates the facades. Today, many companies offer their services for external wall insulation. However, the price of facade insulation does not correspond to the quality of the materials used. For this reason, developers choose the option of hand-made wall insulation with foam or other insulation.

Material selection

By insulating the walls of the house, you can rationally and creatively approach the choice of materials. It makes no sense to insulate all walls with material of the same thickness. Combine heater. Since more heat enters the south wall, insulation of various thicknesses can be used. Be sure to restrict access to all kinds of rodents by insulating the base of the facades with extruded polystyrene foam. For corners, take a thickened layer of insulation.

Mineral wool

Various materials can be used to insulate facades. Mineral wool is an inorganic fibrous material that is made from silicate melts of rock, mixtures of sedimentary rocks and metallurgical slags. To insulate facades with mineral wool, basalt (stone) and glass materials are taken. Mineral wool boards are used for facade insulation using the “wet” method or the “hinged ventilated facade” method.

Mineral wool can withstand temperatures over 1000 degrees Celsius and does not melt at the same time, it has high thermal insulation properties and significant resistance to mechanical stress. Mineral wool does not absorb moisture, has high biological and chemical resistance, as well as good sound-absorbing properties, reducing noise by 20%. The service life of mineral wool reaches 30-40 years.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam is one of the most popular materials for wall insulation. This substance began to be made in the 30s of the last century, and at the moment the foam has not lost its leading position. The excellent thermal insulation properties of the foam plastic are ensured by a certain production technology, when polystyrene is foamed with the help of special equipment, and as a result, small air-filled bubbles are formed.

Styrofoam consists of almost 98% air, which provides the material with lightness and moisture resistance. Another advantage is the low manufacturing cost and the price of facade insulation with foam plastic. Facades finished with foam can reduce heat loss by approximately 70%. Modern polystyrene does not support combustion and actively resists this process. But if there are problems with rodents on your site, then it is better to abandon this idea.

Wall preparation

The functionality and durability of the insulation produced depends on the correct preparation of the base. Initially, all protruding structures and elements, such as ventilation grilles, storm gutters, outdoor units of climate control equipment, window sills, and lighting devices, must be removed from the walls. Communications passing along the facades that fall into the plane of the insulated wall should also be removed. In old houses, very often brickwork has a lot of decorative elements that are located near the cornices and windows.

We check the plastered walls by tapping for the strength of the exterior finish. Using plumb lines, long rules and cords, you should find the general deviations of the wall from the vertical or detect local irregularities. Mark problem areas with chalk so as not to lose sight of them. If large level differences are observed on the plane and there are weakly holding areas, then work on the insulation of facades on such a base should be carried out after dismantling the protruding and breathing plaster layers.

Particular attention should be paid to areas where Oil paint, which has low level adhesion and poor vapor permeability. Be sure to remove fungus, mold, grease, efflorescence and rust from the walls. Large potholes and cracks are primed with deep penetrating compounds using maklavits and sealed after complete drying with putties for outdoor use. Cracks that have a width of up to 2 millimeters do not need to be sealed. Large local depressions are usually leveled by gluing pieces of insulation.

When the walls are leveled, communications are laid, external brackets are lengthened, all wet work is completed inside the building, roofing and waterproofing are arranged, then the surface can be primed and the facade can be insulated with polystyrene foam.

Fixing the plinth profile

According to the project, it is worth determining the lower point of the surface to be insulated, then using the hydraulic level, transfer this mark to all external and internal corners of the building, and then connect them with a coated cord to get the starting line. According to the markup, you need to install a base profile to hold the first row of insulation boards, because they have a very serious movement on the raw glue.

The starting bar is selected according to the size that corresponds to the width of the insulation, and fixed with dowels with a diameter of 6 millimeters at intervals of 300 - 350 millimeters, it is recommended to put washers on the driven nail. The starting bar is joined at the corners by means of oblique cuts or by using a corner connector. Connecting and end elements made of plastic are placed between the sections of the profiles, which compensate for thermal expansion.

Installation of external window sills

The installation of external window sills is best done before the installation of insulation on the facade. The tides are attached directly to the window itself. The removal of the window sill is done taking into account the external insulation of the facade (insulation thickness + 1 centimeter) in such a way that the window sill protrudes 3-4 centimeters beyond the finished wall. Sometimes the window is placed on the start profile. In this case, a cavity is obtained under the windowsill in which moisture condenses. The cavity should be filled with pieces of insulation mixed with an adhesive mixture; it can be covered with plaster.

Next, you need to insulate the external slopes of plastic windows. After installing windows, as a rule, 20-30 millimeters remain for insulation. Take the foam should be thinner than the material for the facade. And do not forget that there are still other layers besides insulation, which take away 1 centimeter. When insulating slopes, the foam should protrude 1 centimeter beyond the slope. That is, the material does not need to be cut, focusing on the wall.

Glue

Prepared adhesives for sticking insulation should be used within a couple of hours, so they are kneaded at the construction site in the required amount. The required amount of water is poured into a volumetric plastic bucket and the dry mixture is poured. The components are mixed with a low-speed drill until a homogeneous mass without lumps is obtained. The solution matures for about five minutes, after which it is mixed again for a minute.

If the adhesive mixture thickens a little during operation, then it just needs to be mixed. To liquefy the thickened adhesive mass, it is forbidden to add water to it. Depending on which differences on the plane you need to compensate for, you can choose one of these options for applying glue to the insulation.

If the irregularities reach 15 millimeters, then a strip of glue 20 millimeters high is applied along the perimeter of the slab, and then several beacons are evenly applied in the middle of the slab. For defects up to 10 millimeters, adhesive strips are applied along the perimeter of the slab and in the middle. The width of the strips is 30-40 millimeters, the adhesive should cover 50-60% of the total sheet area.

insulation sticker

When the insulation is glued to the slopes, and the window sills are installed, you can start gluing the material to the walls. The facade insulation technology involves such fastening of the insulation when it is first glued and then nailed. We start gluing the foam from the bottom, where we set the starting bar. For gluing, you will need 2 spatulas: small (80mm) and large (200mm). We use a small tool to apply the adhesive mass to a large spatula.

It is customary to apply the mixture not on the sheet, but on the wall. As a rule, the wall is not completely flat. Therefore, you can put more mixture there if you need to remove the unevenness. Thus, the mixture is not spread evenly. We smear only on a perfectly flat surface. Sheets should be fastened in such a way that T-shaped joints are obtained.

Sheets should be applied to a place with a slight offset, close to 20-30 millimeters, then they are pressed with a long trowel or a rule into the surface of neighboring plates. Excess adhesive must be removed from the inside of the boards and from the surface of the base. The verticality of the installation of sheets is checked by a level, the direction of the plane is controlled by control threads.

All sheets should be pressed tightly together at a distance that should not exceed 2 millimeters, so you should make sure that the mixture does not get into the seams. If as a result the gaps turned out, then they can be filled with strips of insulation, or blown out with polyurethane foam. At the joints of products, the allowable difference in thickness is not more than 3 millimeters.

It is important that vertical joints with side slopes do not fall into the same line near doors and windows. The connection must be made above the opening or below, the displacement must reach at least 200 millimeters. If different materials are connected on the basis, then the plates in this place should not be joined, it is necessary to provide an offset of at least 100 millimeters.

On the outer and inner corners of the facades, it is necessary to carry out a gear connection of the insulation. Slabs of appropriate rows must be wedged into the surface of adjacent walls so that a long vertical joint is not formed, which is subject to cracking. On slopes and corners, the slabs are mounted with sufficient outlet for dressing. After the glue has set and the corner has been formed, the insulation can be cut.

It is worth waiting three days between gluing the insulation and nailing, so that the glue grabs properly, and all the material “sits down”. With self-insulation of the facade with foam, you can do it differently and glue the house in sections. Half of the work will have to be done from the ground, and the other half from any scaffolding. Therefore, it is more expedient to carry out the procedure in parts so as not to rearrange and carry the scaffold several times.

If you insulate the whole house at once, then the foam will stay in the sun for two weeks. And that won't do him any good. In addition, in case of rain, the insulation will pick up excess moisture. Plots in height should be at the height of the stacker and as wide as the platform.

Nailing insulation

It is recommended to nail the insulation three days after the completion of the gluing. If you start drilling material with not dried adhesive mixture, then he can move away from the wall. When nailing “fresh”, there is a possibility of falling into a recess under the sheet, which provokes the raising of the edges of the sheet.

Glued insulation should be attached to the wall with fungi. This dowel is a plastic circle - a hat that has a plastic sleeve - a leg, and a nail driven into this sleeve. Nails are plastic and metal. No matter how strange it may sound, it is better to choose plastic products, because metal ones create an additional cold bridge, and also cost more, which leads to an increase in the cost of facade insulation.

As a rule, fastening is carried out in the center and at the corners of the slab, 6-8 dowels per 1 square meter. At the corners of the building, near the door and window slopes, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe base, it is necessary to equip additional fasteners, which are located 200 mm from the edge of the plates. The step and number of additional arrangement of nails is determined by the dimensions of the house, the size of the plates, the bearing characteristics of the fasteners and wind loads.

Holes of the required depth and diameter are drilled with a perforator, dust is removed. The length of the fungus is determined in this way: the thickness of the insulation plate + 1 centimeter (thickness of other layers) + 4 centimeters into the wall. Holes are recommended to be made in depth by 10-15 millimeters more than the length of the rod. If you drill holes in depth equal to the length of the fungus, then the debris that crumbles during operation will not allow the dowel to be hammered into it normally.

Next, you need to insert the dowel into the hole and hammer the expansion nail with a rubber mallet. You can just hit it with your fist. The dished head of the nail should be at the level of the surface of the insulation, or protrude no more than 1 millimeter. If the mushroom does not reach the norm and sticks out, then maybe the drill has worn off, or the hole has been made too short. In the latter case, you need to pull out the mushroom, drill and insert it again.

Reinforced layer device

The reinforced layer implies the creation of an auxiliary, reinforcing mesh layer. The corners near the door and window openings must be glued with reinforcing mesh patches. The size of such patches should be 200 by 300 mm or more. Such an operation helps to prevent the appearance of cracks near internal corners opening.

All external corners of the building, including protruding decorations and slopes, should be reinforced with plastic or aluminum perforated corners, which are available with mesh strips. First, the adhesive composition is applied, then the pre-cut perforated corner should be pressed tightly against the insulation with a spatula and set horizontally or vertically with a level.

The protruding adhesive must be smoothed on the plane of the wall. If necessary, the perforated corner can be temporarily fixed, leveled, stretched by inserting nails into the insulation plate through the perforation holes. After complete drying of the preparatory layer and fixing the reinforcing elements, we install the main mesh.

To strengthen the foam, a mesh is used, which is specially designed for facade works. It is made of alkali-resistant fiberglass, which is able to withstand the design loads. To protect the installation of the reinforcing mesh, a special mixture is used, which is slightly different from the one with which the facade is insulated with wool.

Before starting work, the glued boards are sanded with hand floats using coarse sandpaper to eliminate possible differences at the joints of the sheets. The surface before applying the solution must be cleaned of grinding products, dust and various contaminants. The grid is cut into strips that are equal to the height of the walls. On the walls vertical stripes, equal to the width of the web, glue is applied.

The solution is applied in a uniform layer, the thickness of which is close to 2 mm. For this, it is most convenient to use a metal grater. The prepared canvas should be unwound over the entire length of the surface, attached to the solution and sunk into it with a smooth metal spatula. The mesh must be carefully smoothed from the middle to the edges. Align the protruding adhesive on the surface.

On the glued reinforcing layer in the wet-on-wet method, another layer of mortar must be applied. The second layer is aligned more carefully; the finished mesh should not be visible from it. The next day, the reinforcing cake can be sanded with sandpaper, and small shells can also be puttied. After about 3 days, the walls will dry completely, they should be treated with a primer with quartz sand, which simplifies the application of decorative plaster.

And finally. The technology of facade insulation with foam plastic implies the performance of work at an outdoor air temperature of plus 5 to 25 degrees and a relative humidity of close to 80%. At each stage, work surfaces should be protected from exposure to sunlight, strong wind and rain. Strictly follow the recommendations described above, and you will succeed!

There are times when low-quality materials were used in the construction of a building or various mistakes were made. All this will lead to the fact that the house will just need to insulate the facade. Having done insulation of external or internal walls You are very good at winter time save on heating for a year, and in the summer time - the savings will be due to the air conditioner, because the walls will not let the heat through. What are there? What are the most popular methods of thermal insulation? Let's consider these questions in this article.

What are the insulation methods?

Construction industry on present stage distinguishes between three types of development:

1. External.

2. Internal.

3. Insulation directly in the middle of the wall.

Is external insulation of facades really better than internal insulation, and why?

According to the method of work, the most durable and favorable method will be the insulation of the walls of the building from the outside. They resort to the internal only in those cases when it is simply unrealistic to do the external for some reason. The material for thermal insulation, located outside the walls, when interacting with very low temperatures, will take the entire blow on itself, respectively, will not allow them to reach the walls of the room, building. That is why the temperature of the walls and the house will be approximately equal. If the thermal insulation is made by the second method, then the walls outside will freeze. In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe junction of the insulation and the wall, condensation appears. It follows that moisture will collect in these places, and in the future you will have to remove mold and fungus. Also, the wall can simply go to the seams and collapse. Condensate in very severe frosts will begin to freeze, and thereby begin to expand the wall, which will lead to its complete destruction.

External methods of insulation have one hundred percent advantages over others:

1. Premises security from external factors (biological, atmospheric and temperature).

2. Protection against severe frosts and condensate separation.

3.Another soundproofing.

4. Easier "breathing" walls.

5. Increase the life of the walls no additional repairs.

Options for external thermal insulation.

There are many types, but the following can be conditionally distinguished:

1. Plaster or wet facade. The insulation itself is done with the help of simple plaster structures. This option is the most popular. Its main plus is the use of safe and environmentally friendly materials, which means that insulation will not bring any harm to residents. And besides all this, the cost of this option is low. This facade system consists of many devices, which include polymer cement glue, a beautiful finishing coating, thermal insulation from a polymer cement layer. The biggest disadvantage of the system is the inability to install it at low degrees (below +5 degrees) and during precipitation, namely when it rains. Independent facade insulation it is very difficult to make this method, because the material, that is, the plaster, must be applied in an even and dense layer. This level of skill requires experience and practice.

2. Heavy plaster structures. For this insulation, movable parts for fastening a layer of thermal insulation and plaster are used. If you chose this option, then you need to know that separate work is being carried out with the wall and with the material for thermal insulation. In addition, there are no requirements for the selection of a particular material. But they are for the heater. There is no longer a need for perfectly smooth plastering. facade surface so you don't need professional help.

3. Hinged facade with ventilation. It is installed between the cladding and directly to the insulation. It looks like an external insulation with gaps for ventilation. The material for thermal insulation is fastened to the wall with an anchor fastening system and a supporting frame. In winter, the vapors leaving the heating building move to the heater. This helps to increase the moisture content of the thermal insulation coating. Ventilation gaps reduce the amount of moisture in the air to a minimum. In addition to its main role - air exchange, hinged facade makes the building more neat and beautiful, it also protects the walls from the effects of low temperatures.

4. Siding insulation. Siding is a fairly popular material, it consists of panels in sets. various colors and shades. Panels are also made from different material, they can be made from metal, wood, vinyl, or even cement. The insulation is placed between the bars of the crate made of wood, attached to the wall with special dowels. They can fix it with glue, or they can do without it. After the vapor barrier layer is attached. Siding panels are screwed to the frame with self-tapping screws.

The main tasks that external insulation:

1. Preservation of heat indoors.

2. Savings on winter heating.

3. Improved sound insulation.

4. Destruction of almost all obstacles in the way of condensate exit.

5. Increase the life of the building.

How and when should insulation be done?

You even need to think about warming only after all the previously started repair work already completed. That is, it is necessary that:

1. The reconstruction of the roof has been completed.

2. The external waterproofing of the base of the building has been completed.

3. The building has already settled.

4. All room systems were installed.

5. The building was completely dried out.

Works on facade insulation cannot be carried out in very coldy and great heat. It is best to choose a more suitable time. This is in autumn or spring. The average temperature when work is carried out is from +5 to +20. It is equally important by this time to have completed the primary finishing of all walls, that is, to do all the concrete work, screed, pouring, install alarms and electrical wiring.

Where to start doing facade insulation?

This is a very important stage in the construction of a building - you need to start with a complete study of the entire area, for this you need to invite specialists who will check the condition, quality and material of the walls. As a result, it will be clear which material is best to purchase and which insulation option is most suitable. The work must be done very high quality so that some “cold bridges” do not appear in different places, and the insulation does not collapse. Therefore, it is necessary not only to insulate the facade, but to choose the most suitable way of working. In addition, it can be environmentally friendly, which means it can protect the material itself from the formation of bacteria, fungi or various microorganisms in it.

How to choose correctly facade insulation materials?

The main thing to pay attention to when choosing a heater is that they should all be elements of one system. Only a master can choose and arrange them correctly, without which you cannot do. It is for this reason that in special hardware stores facade insulation materials sold in sets. They are selected in such a way that all their physical characteristics are completely the same. In addition, all chemical reactions that can occur between them are taken into account. According to a plan clearly developed by a specialist, the organization supplying materials takes into account all architectural, climatic and specifications building operation. When selecting materials, you need to consider two main requirements:

1. The presence of continuity of the heat circuit, that is, there should not be a single gap, gap or gap anywhere.

2. Vapor permeability of the threshold of the system, thanks to which the walls “breathe” freely.

The thickness of the material is calculated by a highly qualified craftsman. It depends strictly on the selected materials and climate zone.

What are the types of materials?

The most optimal and frequently used include:

1. Glass wool. Often used for facades with ventilation. It is made from soda, limestone, sand and recycled glass.

2. Basalt wool.

3. Styrofoam. Only low flammable and self-extinguishing is used. And only stamps for the facade. To increase safety from fire, special cuts made of mineral wool are used.

4. Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS). In terms of its physical characteristics, it is very similar to polystyrene, but it is more durable, strong and protects walls more strongly from low temperatures. Experts disagree about EPPS. Some suggest that he is great for facade insulation, while others say that it is not reliable. Perhaps these disagreements are due to the minuses of the material. These include, first of all, the impossibility of "breathing" the wall, that is, it does not let steam through. And also it does not mix well with different adhesive mixtures. The XPS building must have excellent ventilation.

5. Mineral wool. Facades made of brick and wood are often insulated with mineral wool. It looks like the facade of the building is wrapped in mineral slabs. The material does not let the cold in from the outside, and does not release heat from the inside. In addition, cotton wool is an environmentally friendly material, and will not allow fungus or mold to form in the wall. The building "breathes".

6. Using a double frame. It is very popular when warming a facade from wood. During this insulation, the material is attached to the walls themselves, and facings are made on top. decorative works. It is necessary to leave a gap between the insulation and the finishing layer for ventilation. Thanks to this, there will be no dampness and rotting of the wood.

7. Plaster. This material and the method in general is permissible only after the final shrinkage of the building.

From the article we see that there are variety of options facade insulation Houses. They don't all look alike. Some are more expensive, some are cheaper, some are faster and some are slower. But no matter which method you choose, it is better to immediately insulate the roof, windows, and foundation. The choice of insulation system is a very complex and lengthy issue, especially for new buildings. Therefore, it is simply impossible to do without the help of highly qualified specialists.

High-quality insulation of the facade of the house from the outside allows you to maintain the microclimate in the living room at a comfortable level by reducing heat loss in the cold and excessive heating in the hot summer. The owner of the house gets the opportunity to save on heating or air conditioning. There are many ways to insulate the exterior walls of a house based on various materials, and the main task is to choose the most optimal option.

Source interistroy.ru

Benefits of an insulated facade

Adding extra layers to outer surface for building insulation allows:

1. Prevent premature destruction of walls from exposure to an aggressive natural environment.
2. Improve appearance Houses.
3. Eliminate condensation on the inner walls.
4. Reduce noise penetration.
5. Reduce heat exchange between outdoor and inside Houses.

You can insulate the facade on your own, although this is a laborious and complex process, and errors are difficult to eliminate and will reduce the expected effect many times over. At the same time, there are a huge number of companies offering their services in this direction. The main thing is to find one that will provide the required quality at a reasonable cost.

Source archidea.com.ua

Insulation material

Materials for facade insulation differ in quality, method of fastening to the wall, price. Primary requirements:

1. Sufficient thermal insulation performance.
2. Long service life.
3. Durability, moisture resistance.
4. Not a suitable habitat for rodents and other living organisms.

Also, when choosing, you should take into account the thickness of the walls, which may differ in different parts Houses. Keep in mind that the insulation of the southern wall does not require the use of thick layers.

Source ppu.stroi-izol.ru

It should be emphasized that all the heat insulators listed below are very popular and effectively prevent heat transfer.

Styrofoam

It is divided into several types:

• non-press;
• press;
• extruded, the most resistant to destruction.

Source krovlyakryshi.ru

Advantages:

1. The lowest price.
2. Easy installation process.

Video description

In our video, we will look at how polystyrene is produced, is polystyrene harmful and where is it used?

Disadvantages:

1. Crumbles, breaks.
2. It absorbs water and collapses at sub-zero temperatures after it freezes.
3. Does not absorb sound waves.
4. Suitable for rodents.

Video description

We will dwell in more detail on the insulation of the house with foam plastic. Find out how safe polystyrene foam is in our video:

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer home insulation services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Video description

More about foam insulation - in this video:

Mineral wool

These are plates of inorganic fibrous material, made from silicate waste, metallurgical slag, mixtures of sedimentary rocks. There are several types:

• glass wool (the lowest thermal conductivity);
• stone (basalt);
• slag (rarely used).

Mineral wool, made in the form of rolls and slabs, is suitable for wall insulation, but the latter are more preferable, as they have a denser structure.

Source: dneprostroy.dp.ua

Insulation benefits:

1. Waterproof.
2. Air exchange.
3. Soundproofing.
4. Fire resistance.
5. The service life is 25-50 years.

Disadvantages:

1. It should be protected from moisture, as it quickly absorbs water and loses thermal conductivity.
2. It crumbles into fine dust (especially glass wool), so work is carried out in a respirator.

Mineral wool is used in conjunction with a reliable waterproofing agent. It is fixed to the wall with glue or dish-shaped dowels. Basalt wool is more durable. Its price is relatively low.

Ecowool

Produced from natural cellulose, it is a truly environmentally friendly material, which cannot be said about inorganic heaters, which clearly emit harmful substances, albeit in small doses.

Additional components - borax and boric acid, also mineral substances, protect cellulose from decay, rodents, increase fire safety.

Source otopleniehouse.ru

The loose structure of ecowool dampens sound vibrations. Ventilating performance of ecowool compared with natural wood, make it very attractive when insulating wooden buildings.

A significant drawback is that the material is applied using wet technology: wet ecowool is sprayed onto the facade. After evaporation of moisture, a dense and warm coating is formed, which is firmly adhered to the surface. Plaster, magnesite tiles, block house are suitable for finishing. Refers to expensive heaters.

Dry spraying is possible only for frame buildings with voids between the exterior and interior finishes.

Expanded polystyrene (foam)

Expanded polystyrene is often chosen for facade insulation. The material has many advantages, but it also has disadvantages that are worth exploring.

Source ob-otdelke.ru

1. Light weight, 98% air.
2. Does not pass or absorb moisture.
3. Deformation resistance.
4. Frost resistance, withstands sudden changes in temperature.
5. Simplicity installation work, which a beginner is able to hold, is cut with a simple sharp knife.
6. It guarantees a high effect, the cost of air conditioning and heating is reduced by 3 times.

1. It only slightly muffles the sound.
2. It is destroyed by chemically active substances, under the influence of ultraviolet rays.
3. Ignition at a sufficiently low temperature of 210-440 0 s, with the release of harmful substances (however, the presence of self-extinguishing indicators saves).
4. Suitable for rodents: additional processing is required to avoid spread.
5. It allows moisture to pass through, at low temperatures it turns into ice, which destroys the insulation.

The tongue-and-groove method of connection ensures a snug fit of the plates. The prices for the material are adequate to the quality.

An expedient choice is expanded polystyrene thermal panels with clinker tiles, when using them, they do without finishing.

polyurethane foam

It is a one- or two-component composition based on resin and hardener. It is applied by spraying on the surface, when solidified, it increases many times in size. After polymerization, the material is firmly glued to the wall, so there is no need for additional fastening.

Source chrome-effect.ru

Advantages of polyurethane:

1. It has the highest coefficient of thermal conductivity of all heaters.
2. The speed of work.
3. Tightness.
4. 100% adhesion, only polyethylene and fluoroplastic surfaces are not suitable.
5. Soundproofing.
6. Waterproof.
7. Not suitable for rodents.
8. Does not emit harmful substances.

The main disadvantage is the complexity of the application technology. The process requires special equipment, strict adherence to proportions when hovering the composition and temperature conditions. It is practically impossible to do the work yourself. It is easier to invite a team of craftsmen who have mastered all the subtleties of the process.

Warming technology

Despite the different structure, properties and component components, all heaters are placed on the walls of the house in two ways:

1. Wet. Guarantees better adhesion of the material to the surface. It is carried out only at positive temperatures.
2. Dry. Availability of installation at any time of the year. Wins in the speed of work. But less tightly attached to the wall, which increases heat loss.

Source 1postroike.ru

The insulation technology depends on the finish option. For example, it is better to use a wet method for plastering, and a dry method for siding.

Organization of insulation and finishing materials

Warming of the house is carried out after:

• installation of roofing, windows, ventilation;
• foundation finishing;
• building shrinkage.

Positive, dry weather is preferred.

The facade cladding is a multi-layer structure assembled in a certain sequence from different types materials, each with a specific function. An important factor is how to insulate the facade of the house from the outside. It largely determines the technology of the entire process.

Source stroyfora.ru

The sequence of work, with dry insulation technology, is as follows:

1. A frame carrier system is used. With a two-layer installation with anchor elements, vertical guides from a metal profile or a wooden bar are fixed, then horizontal, with the condition of overlapping joints.
2. The insulation is laid in rows, starting from the bottom of the wall.
3. Apply a windproof vapor-permeable film.
4. Galvanized self-tapping screws fasten the siding panels to a metal or wooden frame.

With the wet method, the wall is brought into proper condition, cleaned of dirt, leveled, then primed. Insulation plates are placed on the starting profile, then glued, pressed with dish-shaped dowels to the wall. The starting profile is installed along the bottom row; it does not allow the plates to slide down until the adhesive is completely cured.

Ventilated curtain wall

It implies the presence of a ventilated space between the facing layer and the insulation. In winter, warm air moves towards the cold through the insulation, where it accumulates, which leads to an increase in humidity in the heat insulator. Additional ventilation reduces the amount of moisture to a minimum.

Source amstroyer.ru

Installation of insulation is similar to the previous version. After the implementation of the algorithm described above, a subsystem is installed that provides an air gap. Metal cassettes or porcelain stoneware are suitable for cladding.

Decorative coating - plaster

Source stroyday.ru

If plaster is chosen as the exterior finish, layers are applied:

• adhesive mixtures are applied directly to the walls of the house;
• insulation boards from the material chosen by the customer;
• reinforcing solution;
• fiberglass mesh;
• reinforcing mortar (another layer);
• primer;
• facade plaster.

Work is carried out in dry weather, at an air temperature of more than +5 0 C. It is not easy to create a neat, beautiful layer of plaster, skills and experience are required here.

From a decorative point of view, plaster still loses to modern finishing materials, however, this option is environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

Source stroygrand.zp.ua

Conclusion

The existing methods of insulating the facades of private houses differ in the installation technique, the total cost of work and materials, and can significantly reduce heat transfer. Some of the work can be done by hand, others will require a certain skill.

It is possible to provide your home with warmth in the winter season and keep cool in the summer, while significantly saving energy resources, with the help of facade insulation from the outside. The materials used for insulation should be those that would not carry an additional load on the foundation. How to insulate the house from the outside and how? What kind of insulation to use for walls made of a particular material? We offer for review examples of various technologies and recommendations on how to insulate private houses from the outside.

How to insulate the house from the outside and how? Types of thermal insulation materials and their properties

Answering the question, what is the best way to insulate the walls of the house from the outside, you should familiarize yourself with the types and characteristics of materials for insulation. The main criteria for choosing thermal insulation materials are thermal conductivity, moisture resistance and vapor permeability. We will find out how you can insulate houses from the outside, using current types of thermal insulation.

Styrofoam

Expanded polystyrene (styrofoam) - a material consisting of air bubbles placed inside the foamed polystyrene. Produced in the form of plates, different in density. It has good insulating and moisture-resistant qualities, but is vulnerable to sunlight, flammable, and emits harmful substances when burned. At direct interaction with liquid collects moisture.

The process technology is thoroughly demonstrated by the video “How to insulate houses with foam plastic from the outside”:

Mineral wool

Minvata (mineral wool) - fibrous material. Produced in the form of plates and rolls. The density of the material ranges from 20 to 200 kg/m?. The main advantages of mineral wool are its excellent sound insulation, vapor permeability and fire resistance. Among the shortcomings, it should be noted the possibility of absorbing moisture and, as a result, the loss of insulating qualities, as well as the likelihood that small rodents can start in it. On the Internet, you can find examples of the video "How to insulate houses from the outside with mineral wool."

Extruded polystyrene foam

Penoplex (extruded polystyrene foam) is an example of the modern generation of heat-insulating materials. Foam boards have high compressive strength, low vapor permeability, resistance to burning and minimal thermal conductivity. Due to its low water absorption, this material can be used in all weather conditions. Foam boards are easy to cut with a knife and quickly mounted. To learn more about foam insulation technology, you can watch thematic videos on the Internet "How to insulate a house from the outside with foam foam with your own hands."

polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a liquid insulation, the technology of which ensures the absence of cracks and joints. When insulated with polyurethane foam, cold bridges do not form, which contribute to the formation of condensate and wetting of the wall. It does not have hygroscopicity, can be used as a waterproofing, and is environmentally friendly. Differs in frost resistance and heat resistance.

Basalt slabs

Insulation in the form of large rectangular slabs based on basalt fiber. Among the advantages: excellent soundproofing, high thermal insulation, incombustibility, resistance to high temperatures and its differences, water resistance. Insulation made of basalt slabs is not subject to the process of decay, mice and other rodents do not start in it, and due to the sufficiently large size of the slabs, it easily and quickly covers a significant area of ​​the wall. Sufficient insulation density allows you to arrange a layer decorative coating on the front of the wall. Operational terms reach one hundred years.

Careful acquaintance with the properties of heaters will allow you to determine the best way to insulate houses from the outside. The video “How and with what to insulate brick houses from the outside” will help to understand the issues of thermal insulation:

Reasons and methods for insulating external walls

Many, in order to maintain a comfortable temperature in winter and at the same time save money, try to insulate their houses from the outside with their own hands. There can be many reasons for this: from cracks, drafts and ending with the poor functioning of the heating system. But still, the main source of reducing the temperature in the house are walls made of materials that do not have thermal insulation properties.

Having decided to insulate the walls, it is important to know that it is their outer sides that should be processed. Insulation of the walls from the inside will cause the insulation to stop the access of heat to the very surface of the wall. The dew point will move towards the room, which will lead to the formation of condensation and humidity. This will lead to the appearance of a fungus that is so detrimental to the human body.

There are several ways to insulate walls outside in a private house:

• it is possible to glue the insulating material on the facade wall using a special glue, followed by finishing the walls with plaster (“wet facade”);
• arrange walls of three non-ventilated layers. The insulation is fixed with a solution. Then a small air space is left and an outer wall one brick thick is erected;
• mount a facade with ventilation. To do this, a heater is applied to the waterproofing layer. It is covered with wind protection and sewn up with vinyl siding or other decorative and protective material.

An example of the arrangement of a "wet facade"

When deciding how to insulate brick houses from the outside, it must be borne in mind that each version of the thermal insulation device has its own technology and, depending on this, can be produced in different time of the year.

Preparing the surface of external walls for processing with insulation

Once you decide how to insulate the walls of the house from the outside, you need to start preparing the surface of the walls for processing with a heat-insulating composition. First remove the layer old plaster or other finishing material of external walls. If there are irregularities and depressions on the surface, they must be leveled with a mortar, and all bulges should be cut flush with the wall.

The further finishing walls or cladding. For this, plumb lines and beacons are used. Anchors are attached to the upper edge of the wall surface, threads with plumb lines are hung on them and lowered down. With the help of horizontal threads, a surface control grid is arranged for a guide when constructing a frame or directly thermal insulation.

How the wall is insulated will depend on the quality preparation of the wall surface for thermal insulation. brick house outside.

How to insulate houses outside with foam plastic and polystyrene with your own hands

Thermal insulation boards of foam plastic and foam plastic are used mainly for insulation of brick, block and concrete walls houses. When the surface outer wall prepared, they begin to insulate the house from the blocks from the outside. If foam is used as an insulating material, it is very important to dry the walls thoroughly, otherwise the material may become saturated with moisture and lose its thermal insulator properties. This nuance especially needs to be taken into account before insulating a block house from the outside.

How to insulate a foam block house from the outside with foam plastic for subsequent finishing decorative plaster? Sheets of foam or foam plastic are attached to the wall using a special adhesive. In order to glue the first row of plates evenly, it is recommended to fix the finishing bar along the bottom edge of the wall. After applying the adhesive, the sheets are pressed against the wall with little effort. You can additionally fix the sheets with dowels-fungi in the center and at the corners of the sheet. With the help of the level and plumb lines, the plane of the applied foam layer is controlled.

As soon as the first layer is well seized, proceed to the installation of the next. It is recommended to offset the sheets of the second layer of foam relative to the rows of the first layer. This will allow the dowels to hold the middle of the sheets of the previous foam layer.

In places where windows and corners of the wall are located, a frame is installed from the corner to which the insulation is attached. Docking seams are sealed with reinforcing tape. As soon as the insulation is applied to all walls, the surface is reinforced with a plaster mesh. Next, the surface is treated with a primer and plastered. It is necessary to carefully monitor that there are no cracks and gaps through which the insulation is visible.

Sometimes they use the method of wall insulation with foam plastic using wooden slats. This installation of insulation allows the use of rack lathing for wall cladding finishing material(lining, siding).

How to insulate a foam block house from the outside with slats? First, a frame is made. The width of the rails for the frame must be greater than the thickness of the heat-insulating material - then a cavity for ventilation is formed between the foam and the lining material. The distance between the frame rails should be slightly less than the width of the inserted insulation sheet, so that it holds tightly between them on the spacer.

Learn the advice of professionals on how best to insulate brick house outside. On the Internet, you can see the video "How to insulate houses from the outside with foam plastic with your own hands."

How to insulate houses from the outside with mineral wool

Many people use mineral wool for thermal insulation. This kind insulation is suitable for a house whose walls are built of blocks, bricks or wood. In order for the fastening of the insulation to be of high quality and reliable, a frame made of rails is used. Here, the spacing method is also used, i.e. the distance between the laths of the crate should be slightly less than the width of the mineral wool slab. This can achieve a tight entry of the insulation between the racks of the frame.

If you insulate a log house from the outside, the walls of which have an uneven surface, use two-layer mineral wool slabs with different layer densities. Looser layers of insulation provide high-quality adhesion to the uneven surface of the logs. For the arrangement of wind and hydro protection when insulating walls with mineral wool, you can use polyethylene film. As a facing material, decorative brickwork, siding and other materials are used.

How to insulate wooden houses from the outside with your own hands

How to properly insulate wooden houses from the outside so that the facade remains aesthetically pleasing? Experts recommend doing this using mineral wool, paying attention to the fact that the vapor permeability of the walls must be ensured. As a vapor barrier, use polyethylene film or aluminum foil.

Arrange vapor barrier using rails. They are fixed to the facade vertically and a vapor barrier material is mounted to them with the help of brackets. After these stages, the facade is sheathed decorative material.

How to insulate log house outside using mineral wool? Before insulating a house from a bar from the outside, familiarize yourself with the main stages of the technological process:

• arrange vapor barrier using various films. To do this, slats are nailed vertically to the facade of the house from a bar and vapor barrier material is attached to them with the help of brackets. As a vapor barrier, a polyethylene film or aluminum foil is used. To ensure high-quality ventilation, ventilation holes with a diameter of 200 mm are arranged between the main rails;

• Next, a frame for insulation is arranged. Wooden boards with a thickness of 50 mm and a width of about 100 mm are attached to the wall vertically on the edge and layers of insulation are inserted between them. It is recommended to insert the insulation boards closely, leaving no gaps, so that the entire surface is tightly covered with them;
• when laying the second layer, the slabs should be positioned so that the butt joints of the second layer fall in the middle of the slabs of the first. The thickness of each layer is 5 cm. Due to their properties, mineral wool boards hold tightly between the boards, do not slip and do not require additional fixation;

• the next step is a waterproofing layer. The waterproofing film is attached to the crate with staples or nailed. It is recommended to cover with a film with an overlap and process the connecting seams with a self-adhesive film in order to exclude the ingress of water;
• for sheathing an insulated facade, slats with dimensions of 30x50 mm are stuffed over the waterproofing film. Then air exchange will be ensured between the vapor barrier and the wall cladding, which contributes to the natural drying of moisture. The lower end of all layers is closed with a mesh to avoid penetration of rodents. The facade of the house is lined with decorative material based on personal preferences.

For a more complete picture of the technology for performing thermal insulation work and to study the opinions of experts about the best way to insulate wooden house outside, take an interest in the information that is on the network. Feedback from craftsmen and home owners from the video "How to insulate wooden houses from the outside" will be especially useful in this matter.

Given the fact that the walls occupy a significant part of the area, their insulation can give the maximum effect of keeping the heat in the house.