Kyphotic deformity of the neck. Causes and manifestations of kyphosis of the cervical spine, treatment of the disease and preventive measures

The vertebral arteries pass through the cervical spine, which are the source of blood supply to the spinal cord, occipital and partially temporal lobes of the brain, cerebellum, and inner ear.

Normally, during rotation, the vertebral arteries are not compressed due to the natural bends of the spinal column, which protect them when the head is turned.

With severe kyphosis of the cervical region, clamping of the vessels by deformed vertebrae leads to impaired cerebral circulation, the development of neurological disorders, and severe disability.

To date, the problem of diagnosis, treatment of kyphosis does not lose its relevance. Without timely correction, the disease can become a predisposing factor for structural changes in the spine, diseases of internal organs.

General description of the disease

Pathological kyphosis is a curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane with the formation of a deformity that is bulging dorsally, that is, backwards. Cervical kyphosis is rarely observed, since the natural direction of the bend in this area is lordosis. It usually affects the thoracic and lumbosacral region.

The clinical picture of kyphosis of the cervical spine is characterized by symptoms:

• headache;
• impaired vision, hearing;
• frequent changes in blood pressure;
• restriction of motor activity of the cervical region;
• persistent forward tilt of the head;
• decreased sensitivity in the back of the head;
• numbness of the lower jaw, tingling in this area.

The brain lacks oxygen, the blood supply. Violated thinking, memory, attention. A stoop appears. Cervical kyphosis becomes clearly visible with significant changes. Over time, in the C 7 - Th 1 region, due to the protrusion of the spinous processes, a "widow's hump" is formed - evidence of pronounced kyphosis.

Causes and their symptoms

Kyphotic deformity is a consequence of various pathological conditions. The disease can be congenital or acquired.

The exact reasons are not always possible to establish. Spinal deformity is caused by:

• underdevelopment, weakness of the skeleton and cartilage;
• trauma, including birth;
• long stay in a fixed position with the head bowed low;
• lack of muscle mass;
• great weight.

The reasons for the development of kyphosis include genetic predisposition, age, certain sports, and severe surgical operations.

The disease develops as a result of poor posture when reading, due to rickets in children.

In adolescence, kyphotic curvature of the spine is associated with. There is a change in the shape of the vertebrae in the form of a wedge, there is an increase in the inclination of the spinal column. The defect is discovered by chance when the posture changes, the appearance of stoop.

congenital pathology

Congenital kyphosis is formed with underdevelopment of the intervertebral discs, developmental disorders of the vertebral bodies, with wide splitting of the arches. Damage to the segmentation of the vertebrae occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy from the 16th day to the end of the 8th week after fertilization.

Vertebral anomalies are considered a very common cause of gross angular distortions or humps that are not associated with systemic skeletal damage or iatrogenic errors.

Congenital kyphosis malformations are characterized by a malignant course with an increase in deformity by 4°-7° per year. Not amenable to conservative treatment. To their development there are transitional zones of the spine (occipito-cervical, cervicothoracic).

Combined with other congenital anomalies. With cervical kyphosis, sometimes there is a description of congenital pathologies of the cardiovascular system, kidneys. These abnormalities may not have clinical symptoms, they are found on ultrasound.

Acquired pathology

Acquired cervical kyphosis is an unusual diagnosis, rarely observed, aggravated by serious consequences. There are two development options: arcuate and angular. With kypholytic deformities, a torsion component is always present.

The trigger mechanism for the formation of kyphosis is the destruction of the vertebral bodies. The process leads to the loss of support of the spine, the convergence of the bodies of intact vertebrae.

• trauma;
• tumors;
• tuberculous damage to the vertebrae;
• osteoporosis;
• spondylosis;
• osteochondropathy of the vertebrae;
• transferred poliomyelitis;
• systemic diseases;
• damage to the muscular system (myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy).

Deformation in the cervical segment of the spinal column provokes a violation of posture, headaches.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine

Sometimes kyphosis in the cervical spine develops as a result of age-related changes. In old age, the intervertebral discs undergo degeneration and flatten, the muscular apparatus is weakened.

Dystrophic disorders cause curvature. The cause is considered to be both neglected juvenile kyphosis and disk destruction. A characteristic symptom is that the head and neck are tilted anteriorly and downwards. A theatrical image of obedience is being formed.

Video

Kyphosis

Establishing diagnosis

The primary method for detecting deformities of the spinal column is the collection of complaints, anamnesis of the disease and life. Obligatory examination by a neurologist. The presence of a curvature in a person is diagnosed visually and radiologically.

The advantage of the latter is to determine the nature and severity of the existing changes. An x-ray of the cervical spine is performed in frontal and lateral projections.

The main and most effective methods of modern diagnosis of cervical kyphosis include magnetic resonance and computed tomography, X-ray two-photon densitometry.

Doppler ultrasound is used to exclude anomalies in the development of the course of the vertebral arteries and the degree of blood flow disturbance. If necessary, an ultrasound of the internal organs is performed.

Methods of treatment

Therapy for cervical kyphosis is complex. Includes treatment with medications, physiotherapy methods, wearing special neck corsets, surgery. Drug treatment is prescribed for a pronounced pain syndrome.

To relieve the intensity of pain, spasm of deep muscles, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, muscle relaxants are prescribed.

With violations of the functions of the brain, effective means that improve microcirculation, the influence of the nervous system on the organization of organs and tissues.

The doctor may recommend the periodic wearing of a corrective collar to form the correct posture, unload the neck muscles. The design is a flexible strip of porous material with an anatomical notch for the chin. Temporarily relieves the condition, eliminates the feeling of numbness of the skin, normalizes the blood supply to the cervical vessels.

Physiotherapy exercises are also used as an auxiliary treatment for kyphosis of the cervical region.

Exercise examples:

The choice of means of physical rehabilitation depends on changes in the physiological curvature of the cervical region, the state of the ligaments and muscles.

Known methods of conservative treatment for aggravated kyphosis of the cervical spine rarely lead to positive results and are accompanied by a large number of complications. Therefore, in severe cases, surgery is prescribed.

The main indication for surgical intervention for kyphosis of the cervical spine is a strong curvature and severe pain. The tactics of surgical treatment depends on the results of the diagnostic study and the mobility of the deformity.

Surgical correction can be one-stage, two-stage and multi-stage. Kyphotic deformity is eliminated by separating bone adhesions, removing intervertebral discs, bone fibrous adhesions, and correcting kyphosis. Cervical fixation with a titanium plate can be performed.

Complications and consequences of the disease

The consequences and danger of neck kyphosis are that pathology is a launching pad for the development of various diseases. The protective properties of the immune system deteriorate.

Possible disruption of the internal organs. The higher the degree of deformation, the worse the person's well-being.

The course of the disease leads to the appearance of vertebrae, the destruction of intervertebral cartilage. There is a stretching of the muscles, a violation of their functions. The disease is complemented by an additional curvature of the spine - kyphoscoliosis. The deformity is aggravated by spastic paralysis, which is considered a manifestation of compression of the spinal cord.

The cervical spine should have a normal curve called lordosis. Cases of its straightening testify to the pathology that has arisen - kyphotization of the cervical lordosis.

It is believed that this pathology rarely occurs, it can be caused by injuries, various diseases of the spinal column, rickets.

As a result of the pathology of the vertebrae of the neck, through the central openings of which the vessels supplying the brain with blood, nerve fibers pass, kyphotic deformation of lordosis occurs, the main symptoms of the disease are:

• Pain in the neck, head,.
• , his jumps.
• , hearing loss.
• Limited movement of the neck.
• Frequent muscle spasms, numbness in the limbs, tingling pain in the back of the head, lower jaw.

In addition to the discomfort experienced by a person, a stoop is gradually formed in him, from the spinous processes. The unnatural position of the vertebrae causes pain in the entire spinal column.

Kyphotic deformation of the cervical lordosis leads to infringement of the vertebral artery, which is fraught with severe complications in the form of paralysis.

Treatment of kyphotic pathology

Treatment of this disease begins with the definition of a diagnosis, which requires an individual approach to each patient.

The causes of straightening of the cervical lordosis with kyphotic deformity may be different.

The general condition of the patient is assessed, the degree of damage to the vertebrae of the neck. A complete cure requires a long period, possibly with scrupulous implementation of the doctor's recommendations.

Treatment sequence:

1. Elimination of pain syndrome with medications.
2. Physiotherapy exercises, exercises are aimed at strengthening the muscles and ligaments of the back, improving blood circulation, and flexibility of the vertebrae.
3. . Relieves muscle spasm, relieves pinched nerves.
4. manual influence.
5. Wearing special corsets,.

When the lordosis is straightened with the formation of a kyphotic deformity, but has a mild or moderate degree of disease, manual therapy can provide good results in treatment.

The doctor acts with his hands on the collar zone of the neck, spine, tissues surrounding it. By this he achieves the return of the vertebrae, the vertebral discs to their original places. Blood pressure normalizes, headaches disappear.

Diagnosis: cervical lordosis is straightened with the formation of kyphotic deformity is not a sentence. Only in very advanced cases, doctors resort to surgical intervention.

Physical therapy helps a lot in treatment. Exercises relieve muscle tension, strengthen ligaments, and normalize blood circulation in the spinal column.

Therapeutic exercises for each patient are selected individually in order to strengthen the muscular corset.

Preventive measures

It should be remembered that kyphotic deformity of the cervical lordosis is treatable, but it is better to prevent it than to treat the consequences.

To do this, you need to regularly perform, swim, actively spend your free time. It is necessary to move a lot, observing the correct posture, not only when walking, but also when sitting and standing.

To prevent cervical kyphosis, it is worth doing physical education, performing special therapeutic exercises on the recommendation of a doctor. Such gymnastics will be an effective preventive measure for numerous ailments of the spinal column as a whole.

If you want to get more information and similar exercises for the spine and joints from Alexandra Bonina, check out the materials at the links below.

Denial of responsibility

The information in the articles is for general information purposes only and should not be used for self-diagnosis of health problems or for medicinal purposes. This article is not a substitute for medical advice from a doctor (neurologist, internist). Please consult your doctor first to know the exact cause of your health problem.

I will be very grateful if you click on one of the buttons
and share this material with your friends :)

To prevent the development of kyphosis of the spine, as well as its other diseases, you need to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, exercise, spend more time in the fresh air, eat right while maintaining normal body weight, exclude prolonged sitting and work in an incline.

Additional instrumental studies are needed to determine the degree of kyphosis and identify associated pathologies. These include:​

Classification and causes of the disease

• ​: taking medications (antidepressants, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that improve blood circulation and relieve muscle spasms), physiotherapy exercises, massage, physiotherapy procedures and wearing a special corset.
• (first) if the angle of curvature is not more than 30 degrees.​

First of all, you need to pay attention to the proportions of your body. If one shoulder is lower than the other, medical attention is needed. When signs of a stooped posture are found, an orthopedist will help.

Manual treatment techniques are actively used in the fight against curvature of the back. Lumbar kyphosis can be treated with a special massage. This procedure is done by an experienced massage therapist. Treatment consists in relaxing the muscles of the spine and joints, restoring the work of receptors and restoring the tone of muscle tissue. Treatment is carried out with the use of vibratory massagers, sometimes stretching is used. Such procedures help improve blood circulation, lymph flow and metabolism.​

1. A severe back injury can lead to a curvature of the spine and provoke the development of scoliosis, kyphosis. If a person is constantly in an unnatural position and stoops, then he is at risk. Kyphosis of the cervical region is often provoked by inflammatory or infectious processes in the body, and sometimes by tuberculous changes in the vertebrae. The defeat of the cervical spine can occur as a result of the formation of a tumor in the muscles near the vertebrae.
2. Starting position as in the previous exercise. Rise up on your toes, and slowly raise your arms up in a circular motion through the sides. As you exhale, return to the starting position;
3. Due to kyphosis are divided into:

Cervical kyphosis is a concept that is somewhat unusual for a doctor's hearing. Anatomically, in the cervical spine there is lordosis - forward concavity. The term "kyphosis" means a backward concavity that physiologically exists in the thoracic and sacral regions.

• X-ray of the interested spine in two projections. The doctor determines the degree of kyphotic deformity on a lateral radiograph by calculating the angle of inclination of the spine;
• To avoid kyphosis, you need to monitor your posture and posture while working at the computer, do not slouch.

Good results are achieved with manual therapy.

​Average​

In the early stages, the problem can be eliminated with the help of exercise therapy. ​

• Therapeutic gymnastics occupies an important place in the treatment of curvature of the back. It is important to complete the full course of exercise regularly and under the supervision of an experienced physician. He will be able to exclude from the course elements that are difficult for you to complete and tell you what to pay attention to. Such exercises will strengthen the muscles of the back and help them keep the correct shape of the spine.
• The symptoms of the disease are quite severe. The patient experiences severe pain, constant muscle spasms, discomfort in the upper back. Often, the affected area loses sensation, and its motor ability is reduced. A secondary symptom of the disease may be a headache. This symptom is manifested due to the fact that nerves and blood vessels can be squeezed due to spinal deformity. In addition, the patient may periodically feel dizzy, lower blood pressure.
• Take a gymnastic stick and place it under the shoulder blades, fixing it with the elbow joints. As you inhale, stretch your arms forward and take your head back. We return to the starting position on the exhale;
• Extravertebral symptoms
• Paralytic - violations of muscle contractility with brain damage (for example, with cerebral palsy);

Symptoms and degrees of pathology

Strong straightening and hyperextension of the cervical concavity in the opposite direction is rare and is accompanied by serious clinical symptoms. If this pathology appears in children after birth, congenital anomalies in the structure of the vertebrae can be suspected. In adolescence, pathology can form as a result of Scheuermann-Mau disease (pathological formation of the vertebral hump in the thoracic region due to wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebrae).

MRI, CT - shown for a more detailed diagnosis, they visualize the bone structure of the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligamentous apparatus;

1. We must not forget about doing daily morning exercises, sufficient physical activity, walking in the fresh air.
2. In severe cases, only helps
3. (second) - curvature from 30 to 60 degrees.

The angle of the scapula sticks out when standing straight - this is the first symptom of a curvature of the spine. The deforming factor can be eliminated, but only with the help of a specialist. Frequent back pain, spasms, numbness of the extremities indicate a pinched nerve endings in the vertebrae.

Vertebral and extravertebral symptoms

Treatment includes mobilization, which is aimed at kneading the joints and improving their work. After a full course of procedures, the patient's movements cease to be constrained, and he can move normally. Treatment consists in the fact that the doctor makes the same translational movements, kneading the joint. Such movements must be performed by the patient independently. This method of treatment is used in cases where manipulation is contraindicated for the patient. Patients sometimes experience temporary hearing and vision impairment. Kyphotic deformity can provoke numbness of the occipital part of the head and jaw. Lean on your knees and hands, standing on all fours. Raise your head up, move your elbows to the sides, bend your chest down. In this position, crawl to the end of the room and back;

With cervical kyphosis, they are characterized by a loss of the flexion-extensor reflex in the elbow joint. The defeat of the trigeminal nerve on the affected side of the spinal cord is accompanied by weakness of the eye muscles and lack of skin sensitivity.

Rachitic - due to a violation of the formation of the bone structure with an insufficient content of vitamin D in the body; Pathological kyphosis in the neck can be: Angiography (examination of blood vessels) - relevant for cervical kyphosis.

Kyphosis is a serious disease that not only restricts movement, but can also lead to complete immobilization.

surgical intervention

heavy

Compression myelopathy

As a rule, strong pathologies can be seen with the naked eye: shoulders, shoulder blades are asymmetrical.

​Manipulation treatment is a series of sharp jolts given by the doctor. He acts on the affected area of ​​the back with his hands, correcting the vertebrae and kneading the joints. Initially, all the muscles of the patient relax in order to make it easier to form the correct arrangement of the vertebrae. It is necessary to attend such procedures regularly. If the disease is advanced, an additional course of therapy may be needed.

There are various types of this form of the disease. Postural kyphosis is a back disorder that can be caused by poor posture. Such kyphosis of the thoracic spine occurs mainly in people from 30 to 40 years old who are forced to stay in one position at the workplace for a long time. As a result of the fact that a person constantly stoops and does not allow the muscles to rest normally, hyperkyphosis of the thoracic region may develop. This type of disease is not particularly dangerous. It is enough to perform simple gymnastic exercises daily or wear a light corset in order for the curvature to pass quickly.

Lying on your back, stretch your arms along your torso. Bend the spine in the cervical region while inhaling. At the same time, try to lean on the back of the head and elbows. As you exhale, return to the starting position;

With severe compression of the nerve roots in the cervical region, urination disorders, as well as central and peripheral paralysis (immobilization), may develop.

Degenerative-dystrophic - in violation of biochemical metabolism and blood supply to the spine;

Treatment of kyphotic curvature of the neck

Acquired;

Conservative treatment is carried out in children when the spinal deformity is not yet fixed, or in adults in the absence of indications for surgery.

As soon as the first symptoms of the disease appear,

• Or prosthetics of metal plates, which are removed after some time.
• (Third) - the angle of curvature reaches 60 degrees.
• The degree of deformation is easily felt by palpation. To do this, you need to ask one of the relatives to run a hand along the ridge from the neck to the coccyx.
• To correct the curvature, special bandages are used, which are aimed at fixing the back in the desired position and correcting the patient's posture. A doctor should select such a bandage. Its model and strength of fixation will depend on the degree of neglect of the back injury.​
• Lying on your stomach, lean on your forearm and lift your chest up. Return to the starting position on the exhale;
• Treatment of neurological disorders against the background of compression of the spinal cord should be carried out under the supervision of a neurosurgeon, since in most cases it is impossible to eliminate them without surgery.
• Infectious - due to deformation of the vertebrae with tuberculosis, spondylitis (inflammation of the vertebrae);

Congenital.

SpinaZdorov.ru

Symptoms and treatment of kyphosis of the spine

Medical therapy. For back pain, the doctor prescribes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Celebrex, Nise, Arcoxia, Movalis). They relieve pain, swelling of the vertebral soft tissues. urgent need to see a doctor Of great importance in the treatment of kyphosis is exercise therapy, which consists of 8 simple exercises:

Cervical lesion

A specialist, in order to diagnose cervical kyphosis and determine the degree of the disease, prescribes an X-ray of the spine in frontal and lateral projections.

1. So, spinal deformity is quite common. This problem is especially common in children and adolescents, since their musculoskeletal system is not yet completely strong.
2. In addition, standard medical methods of treatment are used, which are aimed at relieving pain and relaxing muscles.

Scheuermann-Mau disease is a type of thoracic curvature. The disease affects several vertebrae at once and partially deforms them. It is very difficult to determine the cause of the onset of the disease, but most often it is hereditary. Injury to the thoracic spine can also provoke the appearance of kyphosis. Severe spinal injury contributes to the development of a progressive form of the disease. In this case, a compressed nerve, which is pinched as a result of a change in the position of the vertebrae, can provoke a painful syndrome. Treatment for this form of the disease depends on the severity of the injury.

Take a knee-wrist position. Bend your arms at the elbows, lower your chest to the floor and move your body forward. Slowly return to the starting position;​

Syndrome of spinal cord injury in the lower cervical spine

Senile - in older people, spinal deformities occur due to involution of the spinal column and the presence of many concomitant diseases. Cervical kyphosis in this case is part of the "senile back" symptom complex.

Congenital kyphosis is rare. It can form with weakness of the neck muscles and anomalies in the structure of the vertebrae (non-fusion of the arches between themselves, defective atlantoaxial articulation (between C1, C2 and the back of the head)).

Kyphosis of the thoracic spine

Manual therapy - should be performed after undergoing an MRI, allows you to restore the function of the musculoskeletal apparatus of the spine.

, undergo an examination and begin complex treatment. To get rid of kyphosis, doctors use conservative methods of treatment and surgery, the choice depends on the patient's health condition and the degree of the disease.​

To perform the first exercise, you will need a gymnastic stick. Place your feet shoulder-width apart, place the stick behind your back and lift it as high as possible so that it is at the level of the shoulder blades. Make sure your back is straight. Gently sit down and inhale, then exhale and return to the starting position.​

To determine the infringement of blood vessels and nerves, it is carried out

Adults are also susceptible to this disease. Don't neglect your health. As soon as the problem of deformation of the ridge has been identified, it is necessary to consult a doctor, since a minor pathology can harm the entire body.

The selection of drugs occurs individually, depending on the cause of the disease.

Lumbar spine injury

Thoracic kyphosis may be congenital. This means that the skeleton was incorrectly formed in the child in the womb. Anomalies include not only the incorrect location of the vertebrae, but also their partial absence. In some cases, kyphosis of the thoracic spine can cause paralysis. Often, the presence of this disease negatively affects the functioning of the genitourinary system. Treatment of this form of the disease is often possible only through surgical intervention.

Put your hands on the back of your head. Raise your arms up and spread them apart as you inhale. Return to the starting position as you exhale. The number of repetitions is 10-12.​

The most dangerous compression myelopathy, which develops when the vertebral artery is compressed. It passes in the transverse processes of the vertebrae, begins at the level of the brachial plexus and flows into the basilar basin of the brain. The artery supplies blood to about 25% of brain structures.

The symptoms of pathology significantly depend on the severity of the disease. It should be noted that kyphosis in the cervical spine is always pathological, since physiologically there is lordosis in this part of the spinal column.

C1 and C2 - the first and second cervical vertebrae. Anatomically, to indicate their belonging to a particular department, the vertebrae are usually marked with the following letters:

Massage. The first days a sparing effect is shown, since an exacerbation is possible due to the involvement of muscles in the work. Massage for kyphosis normalizes muscle tone, eliminates painful spasms in them, improves posture.

Thoracic kyphosis is the most common. It can be considered pathological if the curvature exceeds 31 degrees. Depending on the severity of the bend, 4 degrees of thoracic kyphosis are distinguished:

curvature treatment

Starting position as in the first exercise. Slowly raise your arms out to your sides and stand on your toes. Exhale and return to the starting position.​

MRI of the cervical region

Fatigue and weakness.

The human musculoskeletal system is subjected to heavy loads, so spinal deformity is a fairly common occurrence in medicine. What do you need to know about this problem in order to protect yourself? Can a curvature of the back be cured?​

Breast deformity may occur after surgery. Such kyphosis is usually provoked by poor fixation or non-compliance with the rules of the rehabilitation regimen. It is important to understand that the treatment of kyphosis of the cervical spine is based on the treatment of the underlying cause of the pathology. Without its elimination, therapeutic exercises, physiotherapy and conservative methods will not bring the desired result.

The symptoms of compressive myelopathy increase gradually, but constantly progress. Initially, a person complains of pain in the neck, a feeling of numbness or cold in the upper limbs. Over time, muscle weakness and twitching of the fasciae develop. These signs are associated with damage to the peripheral motor neurons of the upper limbs (part of the nerve fibers localized in the shoulder girdle and upper limbs).

MoiSustav.ru

Types of spinal deformities, their signs and treatment

Due to the fact that the cervical region is overextended in the opposite direction, pronounced clinical symptoms of the pathology are formed, which can be divided into:

What is a deformation?

C - cervical;

The most common problems and methods of their treatment

Physiotherapy. Its effects are diverse - anti-inflammatory, improves blood flow, analgesic.

1st degree - angle of inclination from 31 to 40 degrees;

Put the gymnastic stick behind your back and fix it in your elbows. While inhaling, take your head back, stretch your arms forward.

and computed tomography.

Doctors divide all the symptoms of kyphosis into:

The curvature of the spine has quite different manifestations: partial, simple, with a lateral arch, complete - when the entire spine is deformed. In addition, it can be fixed, the so-called scoliosis. It is customary to separate acquired and congenital deformities. Acquired: curvature of rheumatic, rachitic, paralytic origin, on the basis of poor posture acquired in childhood. Congenital pathologies are mainly characterized by various deformities of the thoracic spine, neck region.

Degenerative changes in the vertebrae can also cause the development of the disease. With such a change in the thoracic spine, therapeutic exercises will help strengthen the muscles and ligaments that support the vertebrae.

How to identify violations yourself?

Kyphosis of the spine is a curvature that is provoked by various factors. There are cervical and thoracic curvature of the spine. Violations of pain and temperature sensitivity accompany cervical kyphosis in the initial stages. With compression of the spinal nerves passing at the level of C1 and C2, there may be no sensitivity on the face (Zelder zones), as the trigeminal nerve is affected. Extravertebral;

Th - chest;

Reflexology (acupuncture).

A few words as a conclusion

2nd - 41–50 degrees;

Get on all fours, bend your chest and take your elbows to the sides. Crawl in this position until you get tired.​

SpinaZdorov.ru

Kyphosis of the cervical spine: causes, classification, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention

Before starting treatment, the doctor finds out the cause of kyphosis, the patient's condition and the structure of his body. Extravertebral Scoliosis is a lateral curvature. Most often observed in children from 6 to 16 years. It can cause pain, deform internal organs, provoke the appearance of an intervertebral hernia, sciatica, osteochondrosis. The cause of this disease can be called underdeveloped vertebrae and muscle tissue. Treatment in the early stages is carried out with massages. It is very important to have regular check-ups with your doctor. It is able to detect early deformity, which is the easiest to treat. The lumbar spine withstands a very strong daily load. But it can also weaken under negative influence from outside. As a result, the patient may develop kyphosis and lordosis. Lordosis is a deformity of the back in which the patient's spine bends strongly forward.​ In the photo you can see a human spine deformed by kyphosis. In specialized literature, you can find the phenomenon of Lermitte's pain (a symptom of "electric current"), in which any movement of the head is accompanied by a "passage of electric current" in both arms, neck and along the spine. Such paresthesias occur when the posterior cords of the spinal cord are damaged (see figure). Their treatment requires surgical intervention to eliminate spinal cord compression. Myofascial; Degrees of the disease L - lumbar; Swimming is a type of physical activity that completely eliminates the axial effect on the spine, which is very important for kyphosis. 3rd - 51–70 degrees; Lie on your back, put your hands along the body. Raise your chin and arch your body, leaning on your elbows and chin. Additionally, a specialist may prescribe an examination of internal organs that may suffer due to a disease of the cervical region: lungs, heart, etc. ​: weakness of the eye muscles, decreased skin sensitivity. With strong compression of the nerve roots, kyphosis can lead to central or peripheral paralysis, urination disorders. In medicine, there is a classification of such a disease as scoliotic deformity: damage to the thoracic spine, cervicothoracic, lumbar, sacral deformity and total. In addition, the deformation is divided into unilateral, when the ridge bulges in an arc in one direction, and multilateral - bulging in different directions, which is observed in severe forms. Diagnostics In addition to this disease, there are other ailments that can have a destructive effect on the human spine: scoliosis, lordosis. When the cervical spine is overextended, the spinal cord is often compressed. Its unilateral compression is accompanied by twitching of the muscles of the arm on the side of the lesion, lack of skin sensitivity in the limb. Compression myelopathy. S-sacral. Treatment by position (laying on the stomach with a solid wedge-shaped support under the chest, sleeping on an orthopedic hard mattress, maintaining correct posture at the table). 4th - 71 degrees or more. Starting position - lying on your stomach. Lean on your forearms and raise your chest as high as possible off the floor. As you exhale, lower yourself and relax. Treatment MRI is one of the most modern and effective methods for diagnosing diseases of the cervical spine. Compression myelopathy occurs when the vertebral artery is compressed. Symptoms increase gradually: coldness and numbness in the limbs, muscle weakness, lack of facial sensation. Especially common is the lesion of the cervical spine, which is difficult to notice. The first thing they do in clinics is to eliminate the displacement of the vertebrae, give an anatomical shape to the ribs. Further, with the help of massage, the functions of the motor part of the ridge are restored. In the treatment of 3-4 degrees of the disease, massage can do little to help. Surgical intervention and the use of orthopedic devices for posture correction (corsets, preventers, special boards) are necessary. The disease can be both acquired and congenital. Quite often, such a curvature can be caused by a dislocation of the hip joint. In this case, the lower part of the body is strongly arched forward, as a result of which the back is deformed. If a person has lordosis, kyphosis can develop in parallel. Often the patient's overweight or constant stoop can become a provocateur of the disease. Patients of all ages are at risk. Kyphosis of the cervical spine can develop both in children and in the elderly. There can be many reasons for the appearance of the disease. The reason may be weak back muscles that are not able to support the vertebrae or damage to the bone tissue. In this case, the bones become very fragile and weak. The causes of the disease are divided into 2 groups: Syndrome of spinal cord injury in the upper cervical region pictures before and after treatment Acquired posterior concavity in the cervical region, depending on the structure, is classified into: Therapeutic exercise. This is an integral part of the treatment of kyphosis, aimed at strengthening the muscles that hold posture, improving blood flow in the tissues. Exercise should be done daily. An approximate set of exercises: - straighten your shoulders and tilt your torso parallel to the floor, straighten up, repeat 10-15 times; - hang on the horizontal bar until pain occurs; - while standing, tilt the torso to the side (in the presence of scoliosis, lean towards the shoulder girdle, which is higher), 10 -15 times; - lying on your back, alternately raise your legs up 10-15 times with each leg; - lie on your stomach, spread your arms to the sides, taking light dumbbells, tear off the upper part of the chest from the floor, stay in this position for a few seconds and return to the starting position, repeat 10 times.​ True kyphosis should be distinguished from kyphotic posture associated with muscle weakness. With her, in the supine position on a hard surface, the back is leveled. Pathological thoracic kyphosis is more common in boys from 10 to 16 years old, when there is intensive growth, but it can also form in adults, often in elderly and senile people. At first, the strengthening of this bend is noticeable only to the orthopedist during examination, but later becomes visible to others and the child himself. The back looks stooped, humpbacked. The shoulders protrude forward, the chest is sunken. Lumbar lordosis increases compensatory. Gradually, persistent muscle spasm is formed. The back begins to hurt, the pains can be aching, stabbing, burning, girdle the chest, intensify with a deep breath. Thoracic kyphosis is dangerous because, as it progresses, it leads to a decrease in the volume of the chest, deformation of the vertebrae, degenerative changes in the discs, and hernias of the vertebral bodies. The work of the heart, lungs, liver, stomach is disturbed. Accordingly, the risk of lung infections, cholecystitis, duodenitis increases. Due to kyphosis in the knee joints, in order to compensate, overextension occurs, which leads to tension in the capsular-ligamentous apparatus, degenerative changes in the cartilage tissue. Get on all fours, lean on your knees and elbows. Move your body forward.​ This method is not traumatic and does not require the use of contrast chemicals, it is completely safe. Vertebral Kyphotic deformity is also quite common. It is characterized by a bend in the upper part of the ridge. Manifestations of this problem can be noticed as early as 12-15 years. Signs of kyphosis are: muscle weakness, fatigue by the end of the day, a desire to take a horizontal position. The disease proceeds without pain, but is characterized by severe muscle fatigue. In medicine, the causes of kyphosis are determined by the type of disease. Kyphosis and lordosis are fairly easy to identify. People with this curvature of the back constantly stretch their neck and shoulders forward, and push their knees apart. This position leads to disruption of the muscles and ligaments as a result of their constant overstrain. Kyphotic deformity of the spine provokes pain and disruption of the work of many internal organs of a person. In some cases, metabolism, blood circulation is disturbed. Patients with this disease get tired faster and often complain of feeling unwell. Congenital. Treatment of kyphotic curvature of the neck requires the elimination of the underlying cause of the disease. If it develops against the background of osteochondrosis (damage to the intervertebral discs with a decrease in the segmental fissure of the spine), anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, voltaren, ketorolac) are prescribed. This can only achieve the elimination of the pain syndrome.
Arcuate;	Wearing corsets is indicated for back pain to relieve the condition when walking or sitting for a long time, the wearing time per day should be
Cervical kyphosis is a pathological curvature of the cervical spine. It is dangerous by a violation of cerebral blood flow and congestion in the vessels of the brain due to a violation of the anatomy of the spine in the cervical region. Also, kyphosis in the cervical region leads to arterial hypertension, intervertebral hernia, headache. Often this pathology occurs in newborns as a result of birth trauma.

Prevention

Stand up, put your hands on the back of your head, inhale spread them apart and lift them up.

Treatment of kyphosis is a long process that will take a single week.

: impaired mobility of the neck, a characteristic "crunch" when turning the head.

Kyphosis of posture is common among teenagers, occurs more in girls than in boys. There are several diseases that can cause kyphosis in adults: osteoporosis, arthritis, tuberculosis, cancer that affects the segments of the spine. In the treatment of mild forms of kyphosis, the following methods are used: exercise therapy, pharmaceuticals, massage, wearing a modeling corset. In osteoporosis, a complex of hormonal therapy and physical exercises, physiotherapy is used. When severe forms of the disease are observed - severe pain, compression of the internal organs, which is caused by a curvature - an operation is necessary. Pathological kyphosis and lordosis are often provoked by spondylolisthesis. Inflammatory processes in the back or tumors are less likely to become disease provocateurs. Lack of proteins, vitamins and microelements, injuries and any other damage can provoke the development of the disease. Lordosis of the lumbar spine can be physiological or pathological. Acquired.

yourspina.com

Thoracic kyphosis

The main treatment of pathology is based on wearing a corrective cervical corset and therapeutic exercises designed to strengthen the cervical muscles and prevent the progression of pathological curvature.

• Vertebral symptoms
• Angular.
• no more than 4 hours
• Lumbar kyphosis usually affects the upper two lumbar vertebrae. The lumbar region becomes rounded, the spine loses its flexibility, the body is tilted forward. Degenerative changes occur in the intervertebral discs and joints. The depreciation properties of the lumbar region are significantly impaired, shocks when walking and running are not absorbed.

Each exercise should be performed 10-12 times.

cervical kyphosis

In most cases, the doctor uses

Lumbar kyphosis

There are three degrees of cervical kyphosis:

Diagnosis of kyphosis

Severe curvature in the lumbar region is lordosis. It is characterized by a strong forward deflection along the entire length of the ridge. Can deform elements of the cervical spine. Causes of appearance: bruises, fractures, obesity, muscle imbalance, flat feet. If a person has a flat chest, the head and shoulders are pushed forward, and the knees are pulled apart when walking, this may indicate lordosis. Manifested by back pain, chronic fatigue, metabolic disorders. When eliminating this problem, an integrated approach is used.​

The physiological form of the disease develops mainly in young children under 1 year of age. Pathological lordosis has 2 forms. The primary form of the disease is provoked by inflammatory processes that occur in the body. The secondary form is closely related to the functioning of the hip joints.

Cervical kyphosis may appear due to an anomaly that has developed in a child in the womb. Children under 1 year of age who suffer from rickets are susceptible to this disease. They have very weak back muscles and a weak spine, which is prone to deformation. The defeat of the cervical spine can also be hereditary and transmitted to relatives.

• An approximate set of exercises that is prescribed for cervical kyphosis:
• With this pathology, they are usually not accompanied by the absence of a musculo-articular reflex (Brown-Sekarsky symptom). An obligatory sign of vertebral syndrome in this pathology is a violation of mobility in the neck. At the same time, the person complains of a “crunch when turning the head.”
• With the arched type, the back of the back becomes arched, as the pathological cervical kyphosis is combined with the physiological chest bulge.

Kyphosis treatment

. A corset is selected individually for each patient.​

1. A thorough examination of the back reveals even the initial kyphosis of the spine.
2. ​conservative methods​
3. ​Minimum​
4. The doctor must identify the exact cause, as well as diseases that accompany the progression of lordosis. Such a disease is treated with the help of a special wellness massage, manual therapy, exercise therapy, swimming, stretching, ointments. The choice of treatment method depends on the severity of lordosis.
5. In some cases, the disease can lead to complete immobilization of the patient.
6. Acquired causes include changes that occur in the structure of the spine. This factor most often provokes cervical kyphosis in the elderly. Other diseases of the spine (osteochondrosis) can provoke the development of the disease.
7. Starting position with feet shoulder width apart. Get a gymnastic stick behind your back, lift it to your shoulder blades and straighten your back. Sit down on an inhale and return to the starting position on an exhale. Repeat the exercise 10 times;​
8. Cerebral symptoms in this pathology occur when the vertebral artery is infringed. They are accompanied by pain in the occipital region, decreased vision, hearing, and impaired coordination of movements in lesions of the vestibular apparatus. When turning the head, the symptoms increase. The angular type is characterized by the presence of an acute angle in the region of the curvature apex. With severe curvature, severe pain, neurological manifestations, disruption of the internal organs, as well as for cosmetic purposes (with thoracic kyphosis), and only after the growth of the spine is completed, surgical treatment is possible. Surgical intervention is carried out in two stages: first, the surgeon eliminates the defect, and then corrects the spine using a metal structure. The transpedicular construction consists of rods and screws. The surgeon always correlates the risk of surgical complications and the benefits of the intervention.​

The patient must undress to their swimming trunks. When viewed from the front and profile, one can note an increase in any of the vertebral bends, protrusion of the shoulders, a hollow chest, and an incorrect position of the shoulder blades. Then you need to ask the subject to lean forward and touch the floor with hands with straight legs. In moderate to severe thoracic kyphosis, this test cannot be performed. Mandatory examination in the prone position on the couch.​

An important condition in the treatment of kyphosis is to find out the cause of the appearance of this disease. If it is not eliminated, no treatment methods will help.

MyFamilyDoctor.ru

The spine is our internal framework. It performs supporting, motor, depreciation, protective functions. Violation of these functions occurs with spinal deformities. To get them back, you need to engage in the prevention and timely treatment of curvature of the spine. Pathology is handled by an orthopedist, vertebrologist and neurologist. It all depends on the cause of the curvature and the presence of concomitant pathologies. Normally, it has several bends in each of its departments, which are located in the sagittal plane (when viewed from the side).

Physiological curvature of the spinal column

• Cervical and lumbar lordosis. They are formed in the process of the physical development of the child, when his motor abilities expand (begins to hold his head and sit). They are the bulge of the spine anteriorly.
• Thoracic and sacral kyphosis are formed in utero, the baby is already born with them. Represented by a bulge at the back.

In the frontal plane, the line of the spine runs along the median axis of the body. Active and correct retention of the body in space is posture. Deformation of the spine leads to the development of pathological posture and vice versa.

Types of disease

What are the types of spinal deformities? What most often worries modern man? Scoliosis develops in the frontal plane. This is a curvature of the spinal column relative to the midline to the right or left. In the sagittal plane, there is an increase in the arc of physiological bends (hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis), the disappearance or decrease in bends (flat back) and combined curvatures that combine two directions (lordoscoliosis, kyphoscoliosis).

Why does curvature occur?

Causes of spinal deformity can be congenital or acquired. Congenital etiology is associated with the pathology of the vertebrae:

• Underdevelopment of structural components.
• Additional elements.
• Fusion of adjacent vertebral bodies.
• Nonclosure of arcs.
• wedge shape.

The causes of acquired spinal deformity can be:

• Consistently bad posture.
• Rickets (the balance of calcium in the body is disturbed, the bones become brittle).
• Polio.
• Osteochondrosis and osteodystrophy.
• Injuries, hernias and tumors of the spine.
• Pleurisy is a pathology of the respiratory system with severe pain. Usually one side on which the patient lies is affected. The load on the thoracic region is uneven, a curvature occurs.
• Shortening of one of the lower limbs - the load is distributed unevenly.
• The absence of one arm or leg and, as a result, an imbalance.
• Weak muscle mass, which is not able to withstand the curvature of the spine.
• Mental disorders (depression, when the shoulders and head are constantly lowered).

The curvature of the spinal column can affect any of its departments.

Cervical spine deformity

• Torticollis - a pathology in which there is simultaneously a tilt of the head to one side and a turn of the neck to the other.
• Kyphosis - posterior. This is a rare occurrence.
• Lordosis - increased physiological bending. The neck is stretched forward, the shoulders are rounded, stoop develops.

Causes of congenital torticollis:

• incorrect intrauterine position of the fetus;
• birth trauma;
• spasm or shortening of the neck muscles;
• congenital pathology of the cervical vertebrae (Klippel-Feil disease);
• rotational subluxation of the 1st cervical vertebra.

Causes of acquired deformity of the cervical spine:

• adjusting torticollis - when the child takes the wrong position in the crib for a long time;
• compensatory - with inflammatory diseases of the ear, purulent processes in the neck (the child spares the sick side and tilts his head to the healthy one);
• fracture, dislocation or subluxation of the first cervical vertebra;
• osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, tertiary syphilis - the vertebrae are destroyed, axial deformation of the skeleton occurs.

Torticollis treatment

Conservative Methods:

• massage;
• physiotherapy;
• position treatment;
• physiotherapy;
• water procedures in the pool using a circle for newborns;
• wearing a collar that fixes the cervical spine in the correct position.

Surgical treatment is performed in the absence of the effect of conservative:

• myotomy - dissection of the neck muscle;
• plastic (muscle lengthening).

Kyphosis and lordosis are treated with conservative methods (exercise therapy, massage, drug anesthesia, muscle spasm relief).

Thoracic Disorders

Kyphosis is accompanied by deformation in the form of increased physiological bending. There is a pathological posterior bend with the formation of a round back. Acquired kyphotic deformity of the spine is more common.

Causes of thoracic kyphosis:

• Weakness of the muscular corset, which does not have time to form after the accelerated growth of the child.
• Early rickets (up to 1 year) - the thoracic and lumbar regions are affected. The deformity disappears in the supine position (non-fixed curvature). The severity of the pathological bend is aggravated when the child sits down and stands on his legs.
• Late rickets (5-6 years) - fixed kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis develop.
• Osteochondropathy is observed at the age of 12-17 years. Boys are more often affected. In the medical world, it is called Scheuermann-Mau disease. Dystrophic changes develop in the vertebral bodies and a fixed wedge-shaped deformity of the spine is formed.

Treatment of thoracic kyphosis

Rachitic deformity is treated conservatively: swimming, vitamin therapy, exercise therapy, coniferous baths, massage, wearing a special three-point corset. The disease may disappear without a trace.

Juvenile kyphosis is treated in a complex way: massage, special exercises to strengthen the muscular corset, drug improvement of the trophism of the osteoarticular system. Often it is necessary to use surgical methods of therapy: various types of instrumental fixation of the spine.

Lumbar deformity

Lordosis - curvature of the spinal column with the formation of a bulge in front. Therapy is based on the fight against the disease that caused the curvature. They use traction, special patient styling, physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises and general strengthening massage courses.

Causes of lumbar lordosis:

• deformation to compensate for rachitic and tuberculous kyphosis;
• hip dislocations that arose during childbirth;
• contractures of the hip joints.

Scoliosis

Scoliotic deformity of the spine can affect any level of the spine and affect several departments, causing S-shaped curvatures. Prepubertal girls are more susceptible to the disease.

• Congenital scoliosis is associated with the presence of fusion of several vertebrae, the presence of additional vertebrae, an anomaly in the structural components of the vertebra. It occurs in babies under the age of 1 year. It progresses slowly, the lines of bends are not pronounced.
• is formed with the pathological development of the lumbosacral region. It is found at the age of 9-11 years and progresses rapidly. The line of curvature is observed in the lumbar region.
• Scoliosis of a neurogenic nature develops as a result of poliomyelitis, syringomyelia, myopathies. The mechanism of development is associated with damage to the motor roots of the spinal cord. Functional insufficiency of muscles develops. In parallel, dystrophic changes in the spine occur.
• Rachitic scoliosis. Due to a violation of calcium metabolism, the bone tissue becomes soft. Under static loads, there is an increase in physiological bends. With the wrong position of the body in space, scoliosis quickly forms.
• This is the most common spinal deformity. It is a multifactorial disease: a violation of the growth rate of the spine, neuromuscular insufficiency, an active period of growth in children and an increase in physiological stress on the skeleton. There is a violation of endochondral bone formation in the vertebrae with the subsequent development of osteoporosis and disorders of the spine.

In 1965, V. D. Chaklin radiologically identified 4 degrees of spinal deformity in scoliosis:

• 1st degree - 5-10 degrees;
• 2nd degree - 11-30;
• 3rd degree - 31-60;
• 4th degree - more than 61 degrees.

Clinical manifestations of scoliosis:

• At the 1st degree in the standing position, there is weakness of the muscular corset of the back and abdominal wall, a different level of the shoulders, the angles of the shoulder blades are located at different levels, and the asymmetry of the triangles of the waist. In the thoracic region, a curvature is noticeable, in the lumbar region, on the opposite side, there is a muscular seal, which is also visible when the body is tilted forward. There are no signs of rotation of the vertebrae on the x-ray. The pelvis is located in a horizontal plane. In the supine position, weakness of the abdominal muscles is noted.
• At the 2nd degree, the S-shaped curvature of the spine is visually determined. There are rotations of the thoracic vertebrae, there is a deformation of the chest. The tilt test shows the protrusion of the ribs on one side or the muscles of the lower back. Progression goes on as the child grows.
• At the 3rd degree, a pronounced deformation of the skeleton is determined. The costal hump is clearly visible and the line of the shoulders coincides with the line of the pelvis. The venous plexus of the spine is compressed. There may be disturbances in the respiratory system.
• At the 4th degree, a severe degree of deformation of the entire body is observed. Growth stops, the relationship of internal organs is disturbed. Compression of the spinal cord leads to the development of paresis. The radiograph reveals wedge-shaped vertebrae.

Scoliosis is a serious disease that can lead to permanent disability (disability).

Scoliosis treatment

Spinal deformities in children should be detected in the initial stages. In such cases, you only need posture correction, physical exercises, swimming, organizing the right workspace, maintaining an adequate work and rest regimen, and proper nutrition.

Non-surgical treatment is aimed at fixing the spine in the correct position by wearing corrective corsets, training the muscles of the back and abdominals. The child's room should have a special bed with a hard mattress and an orthopedic pillow.

The second degree is treated conservatively, with the progression of the process, children are sent to specialized sanatoriums. A planned course of non-surgical treatment is being carried out in the departments of orthopedics. Use the traction method using lateral traction. This treatment lasts 2-4 months. Traction is often a preoperative preparation for the 3rd and 4th stages. The achieved level of correction is fixed promptly with the help of special tools.

Indications for surgical treatment

• An aesthetic defect that worries an adult or parents of a small patient.
• The angle of curvature is more than 40 degrees, but with incomplete growth.
• Any deformation greater than 50 degrees.
• Persistent neurological complications and pain syndrome.
• Deformations accompanied by a violation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Types of surgical treatment

There are 3 ways: operations with anterior access, with posterior and combined. The essence of operations is the introduction of metal structures into the spine, which can be static and mobile. The advantages of a dynamic implant: it can be adjusted to ensure the correct growth of the child, and allows you to play sports. The design is not externally visible and can be used in the treatment of severe spinal deformities in adults. It allows you to fix the curvature and stop its progress.

Prevention of curvature of the spine

• Early detection of congenital curvature of the spinal column (examination by an orthopedist in the maternity hospital is carried out at 1, 3, 6 months and a year) and their correction.
• Identification of acquired deformities in preschool and school age at medical examinations and the application of appropriate measures to correct them.
• Control over your posture. Children should be taught from childhood to keep their back straight. Schools should have desks with adjustable table and chair heights. During work, it is necessary to take small breaks from walking to avoid static load on the spine.
• Timely detection of rickets, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis and appropriate treatment.
• Preventive courses of general massage for passive strengthening of the muscular corset.
• Doing sports to strengthen the muscles of the back and abs.
• Swimming.
• In the absence of limbs, it is necessary to resolve the issue of prosthetics.
• Wearing orthopedic shoes with different leg lengths.
• When lifting weights, it is necessary to evenly distribute the load on both halves of the body.

• Eat right, food should be balanced in terms of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. Avoid overeating and gaining excess weight, which serves as an additional factor in the development of spinal deformities.
• Avoid a long position in one position, arrange physical exercises.
• Organize the right sleep schedule. The bed should be hard, and it is better to buy an orthopedic pillow in a special salon.
• In case of visual impairment, it is necessary to contact an ophthalmologist (with reduced vision, a person can take a forced position, stretch his neck and aggravate cervical lordosis).
• Fight depression and apathy.
• Observe safety precautions to prevent injury.
• Timely treat hernias, osteochondrosis, tumors of the spine.

Timely treatment can completely get rid of spinal deformity.