Requirements for the quality of furniture for sitting and lying. Furniture for sitting and lying

16.06.2019

Department: commodity science and examination of goods

Course work

in the discipline of commodity science of wood and furniture products

"Examination of the quality of furniture products (furniture for sitting and lying)"

Chelyabinsk 2010

Introduction

Conclusion

Appendix

Introduction

Upholstered furniture, being in direct contact with a person, affects his performance, health and mood. Functional elements of furniture for sitting and lying can be hard or soft.

The quality of furniture for sitting and lying is a complex of consumer and technical requirements for furniture during operation. The quality of furniture depends on the level of design development, regulatory and technical documentation, technological preparation, organization of production, dimensional, technical, economic, aesthetic and other indicators, as well as on the quality of raw materials and source materials. The quality of products must comply with the requirements specified in the sales contract concluded between the buyer and the seller. At the same time, these requirements should not be lower than the requirements specified in the regulatory document GOST 19917-93 "Furniture for sitting and lying". The quality of manufactured furniture mainly depends on two main conditions: strict observance of technical requirements for the quality of materials used for the manufacture of furniture, and the exact implementation of technological regimes and standards in all operations of the production cycle. Failure to comply with these two basic conditions leads to the formation of a number of defects on furniture products.

The examination allows to establish the compliance of furniture products with the requirements of consumers and regulatory and technical documentation that determines the quality of furniture. In the field of trade, quality expertise is used as an effective means of controlling the quality of furniture, identifying consumer preferences and demand for it, and also makes it possible to give recommendations for improving its quality.

All of the above factors determine the relevance of the examination of the quality of furniture for sitting and lying.

This term paper is: carrying out an analysis of the quality indicators of seating and lying furniture.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set:

1. The study of commodity characteristics of furniture for sitting and lying;

2. Studying the safety performance of seating and lying furniture;

3. Studying the marking of furniture for sitting and lying;

4. Conducting an analysis of the quality indicators of furniture for sitting and lying;

5. Summarize the analysis of the quality indicators of furniture for sitting and lying.

1. Commodity characteristic

1.1 The evolution of seating and lying furniture

Furniture manufacturing in the world has a long history.

The oldest known examples of furniture were found in Egypt in royal burials of the 3rd century BC. These are fragments of caskets made of ebony, inlaid with ivory, malachite and turquoise. The first stools in the history of mankind were also found there. They were made of wood, and the legs in the form of animal hooves were carved from whole elephant tusks. The ancient Egyptians are also the "authors" of beds and chairs.

The first man-made furniture was rigid and highly functional. Only Egyptian pharaohs could afford to sit in an armchair decorated with gold lining and intricate carvings.

The Greeks invented lari - a kind of chests that served both as beds and benches.

In ancient Rome, the furniture was luxurious, decorated with carvings and inlays, gilding and colored enamel. In pursuit of luxury, the Romans used new materials for furniture production - bronze and colored marble, from which they made benches and tables with mosaic tops. And Roman artisans created comfortable and inexpensive furniture for sitting and lying, woven from wicker rods, for their homes.

Furniture for sitting and lying with soft elements originated in the castles of the European nobility during the period of classicism. In France, at this time, the residences of the kings and the palaces of the nobility were being built. At first, furniture intended for sitting was simply covered with fabric. Then, when the owners of the castles became more accustomed to luxury and comfort, and their clothes became lighter, less insulated and layered, it turned out to be uncomfortable to sit on hard chairs and sofas. To form soft elements in furniture for sitting and lying, they used: horsehair, sheep's wool, swan's down, later rubber began to be used. Nowadays, foam rubber and synthetic winterizer are used.

In connection with the emergence of new styles in architecture and interior design, furniture changed: it became simpler or more complicated depending on fashion trends. A chair without a back appeared - a pouffe and without a back, but with pillows, a sofa - a sofa. In addition to architectural styles, furniture was very "dependent" on the country where it was created. In France - elegant and decorative, in Germany - durable with abundant sculptural decor, demonstrating the wealth of the owner, in Scandinavia - comfortable and functional. The British created their own cabinet style thanks to the master T. Chippendale, who gave the name to this style. The rationality of the forms of such furniture made of noble wood was combined with skillful and subtle decor. The imitation of the Chippendale style in the United States was called the colonial style of furniture.

The interiors of the East are completely separate and independent of European influences. A lot of wicker things made of cane, ropes or strips of leather, furniture made of dark, almost ebony wood. Everything is low, unusual for the European eye: screens and ottomans, benches inserted one into the other.

Russia has contributed to the formation of furniture styles. The peculiarity of our country is the harsh climate, and the dwellings heated by the stove were small, and the families living in them could consist of several generations. Therefore, the furniture was multifunctional. The invention of the Russian interior - shops - wide and long benches without backs. When Russian life became equal in comfort to European, interiors in the style of Russian classicism also had their own characteristics: first of all, it was a material - Karelian birch with a unique decorative pattern of wood.

In the twentieth century, chemistry is rapidly developing, the emergence of new synthetic materials and plastics has made a breakthrough in the furniture industry. Furniture production increased, wood was replaced by substitutes.

Today's time has put everything in its place: a wide variety of styles, workmanship, materials used, respectively, and a wide price range - this state of the art furniture market. The lifestyle has changed, and new types of furniture have appeared. Now everyone is guided in the choice of furniture by their own taste and designer's advice, limited only by a sense of proportion and solvency. Making furniture has become an art.

1.2 Characteristics of seating and lying furniture

One of the characteristics of the comfort of sitting and lying furniture is its softness. Softness - is provided with the help of easily deformable elastic materials, as well as the selection of schemes for the formation of decking from materials of different softness. The physiological sensation of softness is perceived as a feeling of pressure of elastic materials when exposed to a person.

The durability of soft elements largely depends on the materials used to form the decks. The most durable materials of animal origin (horse hair), less durable - synthetic and vegetable. Sofas, armchairs and pouffes are sometimes equipped with wheels, and then they can be moved and installed anywhere in the house. Such "mobile" furniture is now in vogue.

The level of comfort of upholstered furniture and its price depend both on the technology of its manufacture, and on the quality and set of materials used.

The best stuffing for sofas and armchairs are considered natural materials: batting, felt, down and feather. In mass production, foam rubber and foamed synthetic materials (polyurethane, synthetic winterizer, etc.) are widely used. Good upholstered furniture, in which layers are located various materials. Spring blocks are often used in the "stuffing" of upholstered furniture.

The upholstery of upholstered furniture can be made of both fabric and leather. Modern fabrics for upholstery are very diverse. It can be artificial velvet or velor with special impregnations, tapestry, jacquard, chinille, etc. Pile fabrics, which wear out quickly and require careful care, gradually go out of fashion. Upholstered furniture with leather upholstery is usually the most expensive and prestigious. Leather for the production of furniture requires high quality, this is a guarantee that the furniture will last a long time. On poorly selected skin, after a couple of years of operation, cracks and abrasions appear. Leather substitutes in the production of home furniture are used very rarely.

The aesthetic properties of furniture for sitting and lying are characterized by artistic and decorative expressiveness, integrity, and the presence of defects.

The durability of furniture for sitting and lying is characterized by the service life during which the consumer has the opportunity to use it for its intended purpose. The reliability of furniture depends on the properties of furniture materials and the ability of furniture to maintain its consumer properties.

The maintainability of furniture is characterized by the possibility of carrying out restoration work.

1.3 Classification and range of seating and lying furniture

Sitting and lying furniture is designed to accommodate a person in sitting and lying positions. For the manufacture of furniture, materials are used for different purposes and nature.

Classification No. 1 by purpose furniture materials can be:

Upholstery

Structural

Flooring

Springy

elastic

Mounting

adhesive

accessories

Classification No. 2 by nature furniture materials can be:

woody

metal

Polymer

Textile

fiberglass, etc.

Classification No. 3 by functional purpose distinguishes the following pieces of furniture for sitting and lying:

Bed - a product intended for sleeping, with a mattress, with one or two backs;

Single bed - designed for one person;

Double bed - designed for two people;

Sofa - a combined product with a back, designed to seat several people;

Sofa bed - a sofa that can be transformed into a bed;

Couch - a product with or without a headrest and a headrest, intended for lying;

Ottoman - a wide couch with or without a longitudinal back, designed for lying;

Bench - a product with a back and armrests or without them, with a seat height equal to or greater than its depth, designed to seat several people;

Stool - a product without a back and armrests, with a hard seat (or with a floor), designed to seat one person;

Bench - a product without a back, with an upholstered seating surface, intended for one or more people;

Chair - a product with a back, armrests or without them, with a seat height that is functionally comfortable in relation to the height of a table (dining, writing), designed to seat one person;

Armchair - a comfortable piece of furniture with or without a back, armrests, designed to seat one person;

Working chair (working chair) - a product with armrests, with a seat height equal to the height of the chair seat;

Leisure chair - a product with or without armrests, with a seat height less than the seat height of the chair;

Chair-bed - a product for relaxation, which in a transformed position can be used for lying;

Rocking chair;

Chaise lounge - a light chair designed for reclining rest, transforms during use.

1.4 Quality requirements for seating and lying furniture

Requirements for the quality of furniture for sitting and lying are defined in GOST 19917-93.

The number of flaws allowed on solid wood parts depends on the type of surface: visible (front or inside) and invisible (outside or inside). Wood defects (knots, cracks, structural defects, fungal and biological damage), as well as mechanical damage are allowed depending on the type of surface, type of furniture (which includes the part), the nature of the surface treatment, the number and size of wood defects.

When facing parts, the wood fibers of the facing should be located at an angle of 45-90 ° relative to the fibers of the base wood, in some cases (established by the standard) a different arrangement of the veneer is allowed.

The back and seat of seating and lying furniture products can be soft or hard. Rigid furniture elements include elements without flooring or with flooring up to 20 mm thick.

Table #1

Table number 2

Functional purpose of the product	Type of furniture for sitting and lying	Softness category
Functional purpose of the product	Type of furniture for sitting and lying		Furniture for public spaces
For rest and sitting	Leisure chair, sofa	0 - IV	0 - IV
	bench, pouffe	I - IV	I - IV
	bench	IV	IV
Furniture for long rest in a lying position	Unilateral and bilateral softness Bilateral softness designed for use on a flexible and elastic base
Furniture for long rest in a lying position	With flexible or elastic base and mattress With hard base and mattress
Sofa bed in bed position: With a flexible base made of curved glued plates located over the entire area of the bed, with a mattress With a hard base and soft elements made of spring blocks With various transformation schemes with various floorings and types of bases

The back of the product, not used in the formation of a berth, can be hard or any category of softness that differs from the softness category of the seat. The softness of the backrest, inserts and folding elements, which, when forming a bed, are located at the feet or at the head, may differ by one or two categories from the softness of the central element. The back of a sofa bed, which transforms into a “bed” position along the width of the bed, must have the same softness category as the seat.

Upholstered pieces of furniture lined with fabric and formed from foam rubber or multiple flooring materials, where upper layer- foam rubber, must have an additional flooring layer with a thickness of at least 3 mm from rolled or plastic materials made from natural fibers. When forming soft elements from foam rubber with natural or artificial leather lining, an additional flooring layer is not required.

Children's mattresses made of elastic polyurethane foam must have a batting layer of at least 3 mm thick on both sides. Seams on the pillowcases of children's mattresses are only allowed on the sides.

In soft furniture elements, elastic roll and plastic materials should be used as flooring. It is allowed to form a flooring layer from loose materials with laying between the panels of the cover material, obligatory stitching and fastening.

Soft elements based on spring blocks during operation should not make noise in the form of clicks and creaks.

It is not allowed to use rubber bands, tapes and fabric panels in the bases of beds.

For plugs in the bases of upholstered furniture elements, plywood or hardboard should be used. It is allowed to use a plug, consisting of several parts, with joints located on the middle of the frame or base box. Each part of the plug must be fixed around the perimeter.

On a rigid base under the spring blocks, a layer of cotton wool, batting, cotton wool or other plastic or roll material with a thickness of at least 5 mm should be laid.

Facing materials must be carefully selected in terms of pattern and color, both for individual products and for parts that are part of a headset or set.

The facing material must be stretched in compliance with the symmetry of the pattern, without wrinkles and distortions.

Wrinkles on the cladding material that appear after the load is removed and disappear after light smoothing by hand are not taken into account. The folds on the facing material, due to the artistic solution of the product, must be provided for in the technical documentation for the product.

The sides, edges and seams on the front surfaces of the soft elements should not have irregularities, distortions and crooked lines. Seams on the front surface of soft elements are not allowed, except in cases provided for by the documentation for the product.

In furniture products with bases made of wood or wood-based materials, it is recommended to fasten the covering and facing material, except for removable covers, with staples or glue. When fastening with staples or nails on all surfaces, with the exception of surfaces in mating joints, it is recommended that the facing fabric, in the absence of edges, be tucked around the edges or overcast on an overcasting machine.

The facing material of the soft elements at the corners must be straightened and sewn up with threads matched in color. For chairs, work chairs, banquettes and benches in upholstered elements up to 50 mm high, the facing material can be tightly tightened at the corners without stitching.

On invisible surfaces and internal visible surfaces of soft elements, replacement is allowed facing material other material that is not inferior to the reference sample in terms of strength.

The design of products with compartments for storing bedding should ensure that the soft elements are fixed in a position that opens access to the compartments for storing bedding.

The ribs in children's furniture products that a person comes into contact with during operation must be softened.

Transformable, retractable and sliding elements of products must have free movement without jamming and distortion. During the operation of transformable products, their safety for human life and health must be ensured, provided that the operating rules are observed.

Maximum deviations from the overall dimensions of products should not exceed +5 mm. for furniture, dimensions which are determined by the dimensions of the soft element (except for chairs and mattresses), the maximum deviations from the overall dimensions should not exceed ± 20 mm. For chairs and mattresses, these limit deviations shall not exceed ±10 mm. The maximum deviations of the overall dimensions of products, determined by parts made of metal, plastic or bent-glued parts, should not exceed those specified in the technical documentation for the product.

Parts and assembly units of products supplied to the consumer in disassembled form must be manufactured with accuracy that ensures repeated assembly and disassembly of products without additional adjustment.

Facing materials, a group or category of protective and decorative coatings, a form of furniture for public spaces are recommended to be selected taking into account their systematic cleaning with a wet method or with a vacuum cleaner.

2. Safety performance of seating and lying furniture

The safety of furniture for sitting and lying, depending on the nature of external influences, is divided into chemical, radiation (due to the presence of radioactive substances), mechanical (characterized by the stability and strength of the frame under the action of the load), biological and fire (provided by the impregnation of wood materials with special compounds).

Hygiene requirements are especially important for seating and lying furniture. They boil down to providing a safe and harmless environment when using furniture for sitting and lying. Release of toxic substances is not allowed. Furniture should be as dirty and easy to clean as possible, have fewer areas where dust could settle and linger. The most hygienic furniture with smooth and flat surface, without scratches, scratches, carvings and other decorations.

Environmental properties - the ability of seating and lying furniture not to have a harmful effect on environment during operation. Currently, various methods are used to increase the strength of wood. antiseptic formulations, and to improve the aesthetic properties - modern coatings that can adversely affect the air environment. However, for most of the materials used, the regulatory documentation establishes a certain level of requirements for the values of the parameters and for the characteristics of environmental cleanliness and safety in order to obtain environmentally friendly products that satisfy consumers. In the global furniture industry, there is a trend towards the use of natural wood, as well as modern facing coatings, which are distinguished not only by high performance, but also by environmental properties.

Today, special technical regulations have been developed that establish requirements for product safety, including those for the furniture industry. federal law two forms of confirmation of conformity are provided: mandatory certification and declaration of conformity of products to the requirements of technical regulations or safety requirements established as mandatory in the current national standards. Mandatory safety requirements for furniture are listed in the introductory part of the standards of general specifications: GOST 16371-93 “Furniture. General specifications”, GOST 19917-93 “Furniture for sitting and lying. General specifications”, GOST 22046-2002 “Furniture for educational institutions. General technical conditions". Currently, seating and lying furniture is subject to mandatory certification.

Furniture certification can go according to several schemes: 1,2,3, 3a, 5, 7, 9. Type of furniture certification scheme 1 is product testing on one or more samples, which are typical. Scheme 2 provides only testing of samples taken from the seller, scheme 3 - samples for testing are taken from the manufacturer. Scheme 3a, in addition to testing samples taken from the manufacturer, provides for certification of the manufacturer's quality system or certification of production. Scheme 7 is a batch test, and Scheme 9 is the examination of the product conformity statement and attached documents.

The furniture certification procedure is as follows: an application is submitted with a list of the listed documents, the application is considered by the certification body with the adoption of the furniture certification scheme, which will be indicated in the document “decision on the application for certification”. Next, sampling is carried out, which is formalized by the act of selection. Tests are carried out in an accredited laboratory (laboratories), if provided for by the certification scheme, production is assessed. Then the results and documents are analyzed by a specialist of the certification body, and a decision is made on the possibility of issuing a certificate. A certificate of conformity and a license to use the mark of conformity are issued. In the future, the certification body may carry out quality control of certified products, if this is provided for by the certification scheme. If there is a violation of the established requirements, corrective actions are taken.

The Declaration of Conformity is accepted for the period set by the manufacturer (seller) of products, based on the planned date of its release or the period of sale of a batch of products. Wherein maximum term the validity of the declaration is regulated by the validity period of the documents on the basis of which it was adopted. So, for example, furniture test reports in accordance with the established period of periodic testing in accordance with GOST 16371-93 and GOST 19917-93 are valid for three years, if no changes have been made to the design and manufacturing technology of products and the materials used. The declaration sets the date of acceptance and expiration of its validity. All this information is entered into the Register of the product certification body. The data of the Register are transferred to the Register of Rostekhregulirovanie.

3. Labeling and packaging of seating and lying furniture

Furniture is marked with paint or a label indicating the manufacturer, its subordination and location, the name and index of the project and product according to the classifier, release date, price, GOST number and other information. The stamp is placed on a non-front surface so that it can be easily read and at the same time not impair the appearance of the product, for example, for chairs - on the underside of the seat.

Furniture during transportation within one settlement is not packed, but transported in a closed, specially equipped transport upright, covered with a tarpaulin and tied up. In places of contact with dressings, transport walls and one product with another, soft pads are placed to protect furniture from damage, especially furniture finished in the first and second categories of softness. When transporting to other areas, furniture is packed disassembled, less often assembled in wooden crates-lattices or cardboard containers.

During transportation with reloading from one mode of transport to another, furniture is packed in soft and waterproof paper and containers of only rigid construction. Furniture finished in the first and second categories of softness is wrapped with paper or corrugated cardboard. Soft pads are placed in places where the furniture comes into contact with the container.

Warning inscriptions (“Do not turn over”, “Top”) and conventional signs in the form of an umbrella should be applied to the container.

All moving parts of furniture must be fixed. During loading, unloading and transportation, furniture must be protected from shocks, impacts, moisture and dirt.

When transporting polished furniture, a polyvinyl film is used. It well protects the polished surface from mechanical and chemical damage, it is easy to stick and remove, while the quality of the varnish layer does not deteriorate.

Bent chairs are tied with twine in packages of 2-4 and 6 pcs.

Furniture should be stored unpacked in dry, ventilated areas, protected from moisture, pollution and direct exposure to sunlight. With an increase in humidity, the finished surfaces fade, metal parts corrode, sticking, warping and deformation of the product may occur. The temperature in the room should be 18-20°C, relative humidity - 60-65%. In heated rooms, furniture should be protected from heat sources or placed at a distance of at least 50 cm from them, leaving a passage at least 1 m wide. features. Spring mattresses are installed on edge or stacked in stacks of 6 pcs.

During storage and operation, furniture should be periodically cleaned of dust and dirt. Furniture for sitting and lying should be covered with covers, and wooden surfaces should be wiped with flannel, sometimes moistened with special liquids (“Polish”, “Shine”, etc.). During operation, the strength of adhesive joints most often decreases, cracks and scratches appear, and gloss decreases. To eliminate these shortcomings, replace damaged parts or restore the coatings of the front surfaces with varnishes or polishes (when using nitrocellulose varnishes).

Buyers can send complaints about the quality of furniture to the store where it was purchased within 24 months. from the date of purchase; in this case, you must present a copy of the sales receipt. During this period, all defects identified during operation, the manufacturer (in case of observance of the operating mode) eliminates free of charge. Furniture that cannot be repaired must be replaced. The term for making claims on the quality of imported furniture is 6 months.

4. Examination of the quality of seating and lying furniture

4.1 Purposes and content of the commodity examination of seating and lying furniture

Expertise is understood as the establishment and study of such factors and circumstances, the identification of which requires special knowledge in science, art or craft, with the presentation of a reasoned conclusion. As the main stage of the trading process, the examination is the verification of the quantity and quality of goods, which is carried out at the request of interested organizations and is carried out by competent experts authorized by a neutral organization independent of the interested parties. The examination allows to establish the compliance of products of furniture for sitting and lying with the requirements of consumers and regulatory and technical documentation that determines the quality of furniture. In the field of trade, quality expertise is used as an effective means of controlling the quality of furniture, identifying consumer preferences and demand for it, and also makes it possible to give recommendations for improving its quality.

The examination of the quality of furniture is entrusted to experts, who are experienced specialists and scientists who have the professional knowledge necessary to resolve issues related to the identification and falsification of goods. Experts should have a good knowledge of the group of goods under study and have experience in evaluating their quality.

Examination of furniture is carried out according to applications and directions of the established form, which indicate the details of the customer of the examination (name, address, current account, telephone number), name of the product, its location, the number of furniture items presented for examination, the purpose of the examination and the date on which the expert is called . In addition, the applications indicate whether the supplier was called, the details of this call (for example, a telegram or letter), whether the individual consumer contacted the seller. All applications must be registered.

Before the start of the work of the expert, the customer of the examination is obliged to prepare for it: disassemble and arrange the goods, provide labor, select commodity, transport and other documents necessary for the expert. If the expert is not provided with all the information that he needs, and the proper conditions for the examination are not created, then he has the right to refuse to conduct the examination.

The first acquaintance with the product - inspection and study of the technical documentation for furniture, test results, specifications and instructions for its operation - allows the expert to get a general idea of the product, its technical and consumer characteristics. Simultaneously with the collection of information, the expert tests furniture products from the position of the consumer, which allows not only to collect additional information about the product, but also to imagine himself in the place of the consumer, to act in his role and reproduce his actions in various conditions consumption.

The final document reflects the expert's conclusion, which consists of three parts: introductory, research and conclusions.

Thus, the effectiveness of the examination of the quality of furniture at the stage of implementation in the distribution network is quite obvious. It allows you to establish the compliance of a given product with the requirements of consumers and regulatory and technical documentation that determines the quality of furniture, and, therefore, is one of the main stages of the trading process.

4.2 Quality indicators for seating and lying furniture

Quality is a set of consumer and technical requirements for furniture during operation. The quality of furniture depends on the level of design development, regulatory and technical documentation, technological preparation, organization of production, dimensional, technical, economic, aesthetic and other indicators, as well as on the quality of raw materials and starting materials. All of the above factors are regulated by the relevant standard - GOST 19917-93 “Furniture for sitting and lying. General technical conditions»

Consumer properties of the product determine its ability to satisfy one or another specific need of the buyer. The totality of consumer properties characterizes the quality of the product from the point of view of the consumer. The term "consumer properties" refers to a group of product properties that manifest themselves in the process of interaction between a person and a thing, reveal its value to the consumer and characterize the ability of things to satisfy the material and spiritual needs of a person and society.

On the quality of the furniture big influence provide indicators of the quality of raw materials (wood, plastics, coating and flooring, etc.), processing and assembly, coatings.

The main physical and chemical properties of coatings are: film thickness, adhesion to wood, hardness, elasticity, gloss, abrasion resistance, light, heat, frost and water resistance, chemical resistance, etc. For most of these properties, standards have not been established. These properties depend on the quality paintwork material, wood, its structure, composition, as well as production technology. The quality indicators of coatings can be differentiated depending on the purpose and operating conditions of the furniture.

The thickness of the coating film after complete drying, grinding and polishing of the surface should be sufficient to provide protective functions. The coating must be continuous, have good abrasion resistance, give the wood a sheen and protect it from dirt, moisture and other influences. A coating with insufficient or excessive film thickness is short-lived. The thickness of transparent lacquer coatings is determined on the details of a furniture product with a double microscope MIS-11.

The adhesion of the coating to wood ensures that the film is fixed to the surface of the furniture and provides a corrosion and weather resistant coating. The higher the adhesion of the film to the surface, the more reliably the wood is protected from the action of destructive agents.

Film hardness is important criterion estimates operational properties furniture. The integrity, gloss and protective functions of the coating depend on the hardness of the film. The hardness of the coating is determined by the nature of the varnish, temperature, elasticity and heat resistance. Coatings with low hardness are quickly destroyed in contact with various bodies, including soft ones. To determine the hardness of the film, a microhardness meter M-3 and PMT-3 are used (to determine the hardness of coatings with a thickness of at least 20 microns).

Gloss gives furniture a beautiful appearance, and, in addition, high-gloss coatings resist weathering better. Over time, the gloss of the coating decreases, which indicates the appearance of the first signs of destruction - corrosion of the coating. On a surface with increased gloss, less dust and moisture are retained, therefore, the coating is less susceptible to corrosion and the appearance of the furniture lasts longer. To determine the degree of gloss of coatings, a R-4 reflectoscope and an FB-5 photoelectric light meter are used.

Abrasion resistance is one of the most important indicators of the quality of the coating and the operational properties of furniture. When the coating is abraded, its thickness, mass and gloss decrease. Abrasion depends on the nature of the material and intermolecular cohesion forces, temperature, humidity and other factors.

Heat resistance - the resistance of the coating to the effects of various temperatures. This is an important performance characteristic, especially for kitchen furniture. Heat resistance depends on which resins are used for coatings - thermoset or thermoplastic. Thermoplastic coatings with mechanical damage are easily restored by additional processing. Thermoset coatings are not recoverable. Heat resistance is determined on the PKT instrument.

Frost resistance characterizes the attitude to the action of low temperatures. The quality of furniture with coatings with low frost resistance is significantly reduced. The most frost-resistant are polyester coatings. This property is useful especially in the northern regions. The durability of coatings depends on their resistance to high and low temperatures.

Water permeability depends on the nature and porosity of the film. With a porous coating, moisture penetrates the wood, which swells. With a low elasticity of the film, the integrity of the coating is violated. Water permeability depends on the content of polar and non-polar groups in the film, as well as on the conditions of application, drying and pre-treatment of the surface to be protected.

Water resistance is the total value of swelling and water permeability, on which the protective functions of the coating depend. Water resistance increases with increasing coating thickness and decreasing film solubility.

Lightfastness is an important property of the coating. Under the influence of sunlight, the film ages, accompanied by a decrease in elasticity and adhesion, an increase in brittleness, hardness, abrasion due to increased fracturing and chipping. When cracks appear, gloss, density, water permeability, abrasion resistance and other properties decrease. At the same time, the appearance of the furniture deteriorates sharply.

Chemical resistance - the resistance of the coating to the effects of various chemical agents (solutions of citric and acetic acids, soda, soap, etc.). Chemical resistance is of particular importance for kitchen furniture and toilet items. This indicator depends on the nature and density of the coating. Polyester coatings are chemically resistant to most household media.

Quality indicators of soft furniture elements. In addition to structural and dimensional factors, the compliance of fabrics with the requirements for them and the purpose of the product, the quality of furniture for sitting and lying largely depends on the reliability of soft elements, i.e. on their ability to maintain parameters within certain limits under appropriate operating conditions. The reliability of soft elements affects the life of the furniture.

The reliability of soft elements is determined under repeated alternating load on the element on a special stand. Its indicator is the number of cycles before destruction. Signs of destruction may be a break in one or more ends of the springs or the frame of the block, shrinkage of the surface or side over 15 mm, as well as the magnitude of the total deformation and the coefficient of compliance. The average service life of seating and lying furniture that meets safety standards is approximately 15 years.

Technological progress in the production of furniture is inextricably linked with the widespread use of new effective materials and lightweight structures. One of the types of lightweight structures that meet modern requirements are structures made of glued wood and waterproof plywood. These structures are distinguished by good transportability, prefabrication, cost-effectiveness. They are aesthetically pleasing and highly durable.

4.3 Defects in seating and lying furniture

The quality of manufactured furniture mainly depends on two main conditions: strict observance of technical requirements for the quality of materials used for the manufacture of furniture, and the exact implementation of technological regimes and standards in all operations of the production cycle.

Failure to comply with these two basic conditions leads to the formation of a number of defects on furniture products.

During the examination, manufacturing defects of various nature can be revealed: obvious and hidden.

Explicit - defects that can be eliminated after unloading the furniture from the vehicle (at the warehouse of the consignee), as well as at the consumer.

Hidden - defects that appeared during the operation of the product at the consumer.

Defects in the processing of parts - splits, delaminations, spalls, pinches, moss, burrs, scratches, dents, under-grinding, tearing, etc. All surfaces must be well cleaned, and the ribs should be ovalized.

Defects in the connection of parts and assembly include gaps, distortions, weak fastening, fittings that are poorly matched and incompatible with the purpose and composition of the item, parts that are poorly matched to the texture of the wood, opening parts that are not tightly adjacent to the frame bars or non-opening parts, poorly working locks and fixtures , jamming and distortions of boxes and half-boxes and other sliding elements, gaps in openings (more than 1-1.5 mm). The connection must be tight, ensuring the strength and rigidity of the product during operation. It is required that the parts fit well one to the other, the opening parts have free play.

Defects of soft and semi-soft elements - uneven flooring in thickness, wrinkles, skewed pattern and uneven tension of upholstery fabrics, skewed, uneven and curvature of the sides, discrepancy between the color of the threads and the color of the upholstery fabrics.

Hardware defects - burrs, gaps, traces of corrosion, scratches, shells, hardware mismatch in size, its unstable fastening to the base, unreliable fixation of the elements of the moving parts of the hardware in extreme positions, protruding parts of the bolts that are not closed with caps.

Veneer defects include veneers that are poorly matched in texture and color, not firmly glued to the base, with creases, lagging at the edges, edges and ends, as well as non-glued places, glue bleed, gaps and veneer subsidence. Imitation must match the pattern and color of natural wood. For panel parts, embedments with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 5 sq. cm are allowed, for squared parts - 1.5 sq. cm. The inserts must match the base wood. With a light transparent finish, inserts are not allowed.

Coating quality indicators. During operation, the furniture coating is affected by temperature conditions, light, moisture, chemical environments and mechanical forces. The service life and preservation of the appearance of the furniture depend on the resistance of the coating to the specified influences. The quality of coatings is affected by defects that occur during finishing, as well as the physicochemical properties of the coatings themselves. Whitening of the nitro-lacquer film - the result high humidity wood before finishing, applying varnish to a damp and misted surface, entering the sprayer with moist compressed air, poor combination of varnish with a filler, rapid volatilization of solvents.

Wrinkling (pebble) of the nitro film occurs with increased viscosity of the varnish, a large distance between the varnished surface and the sprayer, non-compliance with the speed of movement, and improper operation of the oil and water separator. Nitro-lacquer film bubbles are formed at high air pressure during spraying, the presence of air bubbles in the varnish, poor filling of pores, intensive drying after varnish application, as well as foaming of the varnish during spraying and the presence of open pores on the surface to be coated.

Leaks appear when there is insufficient distance between the sprayer and the surface to be treated and when the sprayer and the surface to be coated are not moving correctly. Craters in the polyester lacquer film appear when the air is very dusty, when the film is exposed to direct sunlight during the hardening period. A cloudy polyester film is obtained at a low air temperature in the room, since in this case the paraffin does not melt and does not float.

The rough surface is the result of increased dustiness of the room, and noticeable irregularities on the surface of the film are the result of increased viscosity of the varnish. Cracks, mesh in the lacquer film (when polished with polish) appear when there is insufficient elasticity of the lacquer film, deformation of the base due to increased moisture content of the lacquer or fluctuations in temperature and air humidity, applying lacquer to a surface that has not dried after priming or filling.

When finishing, defects such as uneven coloring, film lag, gaps, spots, scratches on the film, etc. may occur. the lacquer film may burn out due to insufficient fluid supply and increased pressure on the machine.

5. Analysis of the quality indicators of seating and lying furniture

An indicator of product quality is a quantitative characteristic of one or more product properties that make up its product quality, considered in relation to certain conditions of its creation, operation or consumption.

To analyze the quality indicators of furniture for sitting and lying, 5 samples of furniture from different manufacturers were taken:

Sample No. 1 "Yantar", Russia, Tula, sofa bed

Sample No. 2 "Fiesta", Russia, Vladimir, sofa

Sample No. 3 "Strek Time", Russia, Tula, chair

Sample No. 4 "Veles", Russia, Ryazan, sofa

Sample No. 5 Holding "UralPromComplex", Russia, Perm, sofa bed

Table No. 3 Analysis of the quality indicators of furniture for sitting and lying

Requirements for products according to the standard - GOST 19917-93	Sample No. 1	Sample #2	Sample #3	Image number 4	Sample No. 5
1. Facing material of soft elements must be fixed in compliance with the symmetry of the pattern, without wrinkles and distortions		Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard
2. Transformable, retractable and sliding elements of products must have free play without jamming and distortion	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard
3. The fittings that come to the surface of the products must be free of burrs, the edges of the ends of the molded parts and the edges of the transformation mechanisms must be blunted	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard
4. Seams on the front surface of soft elements are not allowed, except when the presence of seams is due to the artistic decision of the product, which should be provided for in the technical documentation.	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard
5. The softness of the backrest, inset and folding elements, which, when forming a “bed”, are located “at the feet” or “at the head”, may differ by one or two categories of softness from the softness of the central element	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard	Conforms to the requirements of the standard

Sample No. 1 "Yantar", Russia, Tula, sofa bed - meets the requirements of the standard for all quality indicators.

Sample No. 2 "Fiesta", Russia, Vladimir, sofa - meets the requirements of the standard for all quality indicators.

Sample No. 3 "Strek Time", Russia, Tula, armchair - meets the requirements of the standard for all quality indicators.

Sample No. 4 "Velesa", Russia, Ryazan, sofa - meets the requirements of the standard for all quality indicators.

Sample No. 5 Holding "UralPromComplex", Russia, Perm,

sofa bed - meets the requirements of the standard for all quality indicators.

Conclusion

In the process of completing this course work, the following tasks were completed:

1. The commodity characteristics of furniture for sitting and lying have been studied;

2. Studied the safety performance of seating and lying furniture;

3. Studied the marking of furniture for sitting and lying;

4. An analysis of the quality indicators of furniture for sitting and lying was carried out;

5. The results of the analysis of the quality indicators of furniture for sitting and lying are summed up.

Sitting and lying furniture is designed to accommodate a person in sitting and lying positions. Functional elements of furniture for sitting and lying can be hard or soft. Upholstered furniture, being in direct contact with a person, affects his performance, health and mood. The level of comfort of upholstered furniture and its price depend both on the technology of its manufacture, and on the quality and set of materials used. For the manufacture of furniture, materials are used for different purposes and nature.

The safety of furniture for sitting and lying, depending on the nature of external influences, is divided into chemical, radiation, mechanical, biological and fire safety. The federal law provides for two forms of confirmation of conformity: mandatory certification and declaration of conformity of products to the requirements of national standards.

The quality of manufactured furniture depends on strict compliance with the technical requirements for the quality of materials used for the manufacture of furniture, and the exact implementation of technological regimes and standards in all operations of the production cycle. Failure to comply with these conditions leads to the formation of a number of defects on furniture products. During the examination, manufacturing defects of various nature can be identified.

When analyzing the quality indicators of furniture for sitting and lying, five samples of furniture from different manufacturers were taken. All samples meet the requirements of the standard.

List of used literature

1. Lifits I.M. "Research on Non-Food Products". M.: Economy, 1998 - 247 p.

2. Sakharov V.V., Furin A.I. "Furniture Quality" M.: Timber industry, 1988 - 170 p.

3. Reference book of non-food goods merchandiser. T.1,2. Moscow: Economics, 1988, 1990.

4. Usachev B.N. Wood science and forest commodity science. M.: Forest industry, 1976 - 198 p.

5. Furin A.I. "Manufacture of upholstered furniture". - M. Higher School, 1981 - 210 p.

6. Shepelev A.F., I.A. Pechenezhskaya, A.S. Turov "Commodity research and examination of wood and furniture products". Tutorial. - Moscow: ICC "MART", 2004 - 224 p.

7. GOST 19917-93 General specifications "Furniture for sitting and lying"

Appendix

Sample No. 1

Sample #2

Requirements for the quality of furniture for sitting and lying are defined in GOST 19917-93, where many quality indicators coincide with those listed above.

depending on the type of surface, the type of furniture (which includes the part), the nature of the surface treatment, the number and size of wood defects.

Humidity of parts made of wood and wood-based materials, strength of the adhesive bond for uneven tearing, norms of wood defects for surfaces lined with veneer, requirements for surfaces in terms of facing defects (according to GOST 20400), furniture parts made of plywood, facing materials, coatings, roughness, warping parts and control methods for these indicators are established by GOST 16371, i.e. are similar to those considered in clause 2.3.2.

The requirements for the tolerances of flaws and plugs for their sealing on different surfaces of wood parts, depending on their size and type of facing material, as well as in studded joints and parts that carry power loads, are similar to the requirements discussed in clause 2.3.2.

When facing parts, the wood fibers of the lining should be located at an angle of 45-90 ° relative to the fibers of the base wood, in some cases (established by the standard) a different arrangement of the veneer is allowed.

The back and seat of seating and lying furniture products can be soft or hard. Rigid furniture elements include elements without flooring or with flooring up to 20 mm thick. The categories of softness of upholstered furniture elements are determined depending on the amount of deformation of the soft element under a load of 70 daN and on the amount of compliance (measured in mm/daN). For example, elements of the highest category of softness - 0 under a load of 70 daN are deformed by at least 120 mm, and their compliance is from 2.4 to 4.2 mm / daN. In total, five categories of softness were established: 0, V. Elements of the lowest category of softness - V - under a load of 70 daN are deformed by only 15-45 mm, and their compliance is in the range of 0.2-0.4 mm / daN. Categories of softness for soft elements of children's furniture are not established.

The categories of softness of soft elements depend on the functional purpose of the product, as defined in GOST 19917-93. For example, elements of furniture for relaxing in a sitting position can have softness categories 0-V (lounge chair and sofa), -V (banquette, pouffe) and V (only benches). Soft elements (seats) of furniture for sitting work and short-term rest (chair, work chair, stool) can be -V categories. Categories of softness for furniture for various purposes are recommended in accordance with the requirements

ergonomics, i.e. creating the most comfortable conditions for work or leisure.

Upholstered furniture elements lined with fabric and formed from foam rubber or several flooring materials, where the top layer is foam rubber, must have an additional flooring layer with a thickness of at least 3 mm from rolled or plastic materials made from natural fibers. When forming soft elements from foam rubber with natural or artificial leather lining, an additional flooring layer is not required.

Soft elements based on spring blocks during operation should not make noise in the form of clicks and creaks.

It is not allowed to use rubber bands, tapes and fabric panels in the bases of beds.

On a rigid base under the spring blocks, a layer of cotton wool, batting, cotton wool or other plastic or roll material with a thickness of at least 5 mm should be laid.

Facing materials must be carefully selected in terms of pattern and color, both for individual products and for parts that are part of a headset or set.

The facing material must be stretched in compliance with the symmetry of the pattern, without wrinkles and distortions.

On invisible surfaces and internal visible surfaces of soft elements, it is allowed to replace the facing material with another material that is not inferior to the standard sample in terms of strength.

The design of products with compartments for storing bedding should ensure that the soft elements are fixed in a position that opens access to the compartments for storing bedding.

The ribs in children's furniture products that a person comes into contact with during operation must be softened.

Maximum deviations from the overall dimensions of products should not exceed +5 mm. For furniture, the overall dimensions of which are determined by the dimensions of the soft element (except for chairs and mattresses), the maximum deviations from the overall dimensions should not exceed ± 20 mm. For chairs and mattresses, these limit deviations shall not exceed ±10 mm. The maximum deviations of the overall dimensions of products, determined by parts made of metal, plastic or bent-glued parts, should not exceed those specified in the technical documentation for the product.

Enacted by order federal agency on technical regulation and metrology of June 15, 2015 N 680-st

Interstate standard GOST 19917-2014

"FURNITURE FOR SEATING AND LAYING. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS"

Furniture for seating and lying. General specifications

Instead of GOST 19917-93

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation

About the standard

1 Developed by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 135 "Furniture"

2 Introduced by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 Adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of December 5, 2014 N 46)

4 This standard was developed to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 025/2012 "On the safety of furniture products"

5 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 15, 2015 N 680-st, the interstate standard GOST 19917-2014 was put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation from January 1, 2016

6 Instead of GOST 19917-93

1 area of use

This standard applies to household furniture for sitting and lying and furniture for public premises, produced by enterprises (organizations) of any form of ownership, as well as individual manufacturers.

Types of furniture are given in Appendix A.

The requirements that ensure the safety of furniture during operation are set out in 5.2.5.1, 5.2.5.3, 5.2.10, 5.2.15, 5.2.16 - 5.2.18, 5.3, 5.4.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.007-76 Occupational safety standards system. Harmful substances. Classification and General requirements security

GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4583-84) Occupational safety standards system. Fire hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST EN 581-1-2012 Furniture used in outdoors. Seating furniture and tables for residential and public areas and campsites. Part 1. General safety requirements

GOST EN 581-2-2012 Outdoor furniture. Seating furniture and tables for residential and public areas and campsites. Part 2: Mechanical safety requirements and test methods for seating furniture

GOST EN 1728-2013 Household furniture. Seating furniture. Test methods for strength and durability

GOST 2140-81 Visible defects of wood. Classification, terms and definitions, methods of measurement

GOST 3916.1-96 General purpose plywood with hardwood veneer outer layers. Specifications

GOST 3916.2-96 General purpose plywood with softwood veneer outer layers. Specifications

GOST 4598-86 Wood fiber boards. Specifications

GOST 5244-79 Wood chips. Specifications

GOST 5679-91 Cotton wool for clothes and furniture. Specifications

GOST 6449.1-82 Products made of wood and wood materials. Tolerance fields for linear dimensions and landing

GOST 6449.2-82 Products made of wood and wood materials. Corner tolerances

GOST 6449.3-82 Products made of wood and wood materials. Tolerances of the shape and location of surfaces

GOST 6449.4-82 Products made of wood and wood materials. Tolerances of the location of the axes of the holes for fasteners

GOST 6449.5-82 Products made of wood and wood materials. Unspecified limit deviations and tolerances

GOST 10632-2014 Chipboards. Specifications

GOST 12029-93 Furniture. Chairs and stools. Determination of strength and durability

GOST 13025.1-85 Household furniture. Functional dimensions of storage compartments

GOST 13025.2-85 Household furniture. Functional dimensions of furniture for sitting and lying

GOST 14314-94 Furniture for sitting and lying. Methods for testing soft elements for durability

GOST 16371-2014 Furniture. General specifications

GOST 16504-81 State product testing system. Testing and quality control of products. Basic terms and definitions

GOST 17340-87 Furniture for sitting and lying. Test methods for strength and durability of beds

GOST 17524.2-93 Furniture for catering establishments. Functional dimensions of seating furniture

GOST 19120-93 Furniture for sitting and lying. Sofa beds, sofas, chair beds, lounge chairs, couches, ottomans, benches, banquettes. Test Methods

GOST 19178-73 Furniture for consumer services establishments. Functional dimensions of tables, barriers-racks and chairs for receiving orders for the repair of household machines and appliances, metal products, household radio-electronic equipment

GOST 19194-73 Furniture. Method for determining the strength of furniture decoy legs

GOST 19301.2-94 Children's preschool furniture. Functional dimensions of chairs

GOST 19301.3-94 Children's preschool furniture. Functional bed sizes

GOST 19918.3-79 Furniture for sitting and lying. Method for determining the permanent deformation of springless soft elements

GOST 20400-2013 Furniture production products. Terms and Definitions

GOST 21640-91 Furniture for sitting and lying. soft elements. Method for determining softness

GOST 23381-89 School and children's chairs. Test Methods

GOST 26682-85 Furniture for preschool institutions. Functional dimensions

GOST 26800.2-86 Furniture for administrative premises. Functional dimensions of chairs

GOST 26800.3-86 Furniture for administrative premises. Functional dimensions of chairs

GOST 28777-90 Furniture. Crib Test Methods

GOST 30210-94 Furniture. Test methods for bunk beds

GOST 30211-94 Furniture. Chairs. Definition of sustainability

GOST 30255-2014 Furniture, wood and polymer materials. Method for determining the release of formaldehyde and other harmful volatile chemicals in climatic chambers

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the information system common use- on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the terms according to GOST 20400 and GOST 16504.

4 Types and sizes

4.1 The functional dimensions of products are established by GOST 13025.1, GOST 13025.2, GOST 19301.2, GOST 19301.3, GOST 17524.2, GOST 19178, GOST 26682, GOST 26800.2, GOST 26800.3.

4.2 The functional dimensions of products that are not established by the relevant standards must be indicated in the technical documentation for these products.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Furniture for sitting and lying must comply with the requirements of this standard, technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

5.2 Characteristics

5.2.1 Moisture content of parts made of wood and wood-based materials, adhesive bond strength for uneven tearing, norms of wood defects for surfaces lined with veneer, requirements for surfaces in terms of defects in accordance with GOST 20400, furniture parts made of plywood and not subject to subsequent veneering or subject to upholstery, facing materials, coatings, roughness, warping of parts and control methods for these indicators are established by GOST 16371.

5.2.2 The norms for limiting wood defects on the surfaces of furniture parts made of solid wood are given in Appendix B (table B.1),

The types of surfaces of furniture products are given in Appendix B (Figure B.1, Table B.1).

5.2.2.1 On the front surfaces of the product, healthy intergrown knots are allowed, if this does not reduce the strength of the product and is provided for by the technical documentation for the product.

5.2.2.2 On the front surfaces of a piece of furniture, there can be no more than three types of normalized defects at the same time, except for those that are not taken into account and are allowed without limitation, specified in Appendix B.

5.2.2.3 In spike joints and parts with a cross section of less than 20 x 30 mm, bearing power loads, the wood defects listed in Appendix B are not allowed, except for the defects according to 3a (within the established norm), 3a, 4 and 5.

5.2.2.4 It is recommended that the dimensions of wormholes, pockets and plugs for embedding them in solid wood parts do not exceed 1/3 of the width or thickness of the part. Rib knots are allowed only if they are fused in the amount of 1/5 of the width or thickness of the part, but not more than 10 mm.

5.2.2.5 Knots larger than 15 mm on parts intended for facing or opaque finishes shall be sealed with inserts or plugs, except for healthy intergrown knots on parts intended for opaque finishing.

5.2.2.6 Inserts and plugs for sealing shall be made of wood of the same species as the parts, have the same grain direction with them and be installed tightly on the adhesive.

5.2.3 In the product on the front surfaces, more than two seals are not recommended, corresponding in color to the surface on which they are located.

5.2.3.1 The size of each of the embeds should be no more than 5 cm 2 for lined parts and 1.5 cm 2 for solid wood parts.

5.2.3.2 On the front surfaces lined with decorative facing material (film, plastic, etc.), sealing is not allowed.

5.2.4 When lining parts, the wood fibers of the lining should be located at an angle of 45° - 90° with respect to the fibers of the base wood.

It is allowed to coincide in the direction of the fibers of the wood of the fine cladding and the wood of the block parts, if the ratio of the width of the part to the thickness is not more than 3:1, and for the side of the beds - not more than 5:1.

If there is a rough veneer, the wood fibers of the veneer should be located at an angle of 45 ° - 90 ° with respect to the direction of the wood fibers of the part.

5.2.5 The back and seat of seating and lying furniture may be soft or rigid.

Rigid furniture items include furniture without flooring or with flooring up to 20 mm thick inclusive.

Soft elements, depending on the categories, should have softness indicators according to table 1.

Table 1

5.2.5.1 Soft furniture elements, depending on the functional purpose of the product, must have a softness category according to table 2.

table 2

Functional purpose of the product	Type of furniture according to GOST 20400
Functional purpose of the product	Type of furniture according to GOST 20400	household furniture	furniture for public spaces
To relax in a sitting position	Leisure chair, sofa
	Bench, pouf

For a long rest in the supine position
	one-sided and two-sided softness
	double-sided softness, designed for use on a flexible or elastic base
	with flexible or elastic base and mattress
	with hard base and mattress
	Sofa bed in bed position:
	with a flexible base made of curved glued plates located over the entire area of the bed, with a flooring (mattress)
	with a rigid base and soft elements made on the basis of spring blocks
	with various transformation schemes, various floorings and types of bases
For a short rest in the supine position	Couch, ottoman
For a short rest in the supine position	Armchair bed
For seated work and short breaks	Chair, office chair, stool
* Softness is determined taking into account the base of the seat, backrest, bed.

The back of the product, not used in the formation of a berth, can be hard or any category of softness that differs from the softness category of the seat. The softness of the backrest, inset and folding elements, which, when forming a "berth", are located "at the feet" or "at the head", may differ by one or two categories from the softness of the central element.

The back of a sofa bed, which transforms into a "bed" position along the width of the bed, must have the same softness category as the seat.

5.2.5.2 Soft elements lined with fabric and formed from foam rubber or several flooring materials, where the top layer is foam rubber, shall have an additional flooring layer not less than 3 mm thick from rolled or laminated materials made from natural fibers.

When forming soft elements from foam rubber with natural or artificial leather lining, an additional flooring layer is not required.

When forming soft elements from foam rubber with lining with a multi-layer facing fabric filled with polyester fabric (synthetic winterizer) or polyurethane foam, an additional flooring layer is not required.

5.2.5.3 Children's mattresses made on the basis of spring blocks with a layer of polymer or synthetic materials, springless mattresses made of polymer or synthetic materials must have an additional layer of at least 3 mm thick from roll or plastic materials made from natural fibers.

The total thickness of the flooring layer in mattresses of double-sided softness based on spring blocks must be at least 30 mm on each side. Seams on the pillowcases of children's mattresses are only allowed on the sides.

5.2.5.4 Soft elements based on spring blocks during operation should not make noise in the form of clicks and creaks.

5.2.6 Bases of soft elements can be rigid, elastic, flexible or combined (see Appendix D).

5.2.6.1 It is not allowed to use rubber bands, cloths and tapes made of fabric in the bases of beds.

5.2.6.2 A layer of cotton wool, batting, batting or other sheet or roll material with a thickness of at least 5 mm shall be laid on a rigid base under the spring blocks.

5.2.7 The facing material of the soft elements must be fixed in compliance with the symmetry of the pattern, without wrinkles and distortions. Wrinkles on the facing material of soft elements that appear after the removal of loads, the total height of which does not exceed 20 mm, and disappear after light smoothing by hand, are not taken into account.

The folds on the facing material, due to the artistic solution of the product, must be provided for in the technical documentation for the product.

5.2.7.1 In products with a base made of wood or wood-based materials, it is recommended to fasten the covering and facing material, except for removable covers, with staples or glue.

When fastening with staples or nails on all surfaces, except for surfaces in mating joints, it is recommended to fold the facing fabric along the edges or overcast on an overcasting machine if there are no edges.

5.2.7.2 The facing material of the soft elements at the corners must be straightened and sewn up with threads matched by color.

For chairs, work chairs, banquettes and benches in upholstered elements up to 50 mm high, the facing material can be tightly tightened at the corners without stitching.

Seams on the front surface of soft elements are not allowed, except when the presence of seams is due to the artistic decision of the product, which should be provided for in the technical documentation.

5.2.7.3 On the internal visible surfaces of the soft elements, it is allowed to replace the facing material with another one corresponding to the approved standard sample.

5.2.8 Requirements for fittings, metal surfaces and their coatings - according to GOST 16371.

The fittings that come to the surface of the products must be free of burrs, the ribs of the ends of the molded parts and the ribs of the transformation mechanisms must be blunted.

5.2.9 The design of products with compartments for bedding should ensure that the soft elements are fixed in a position that provides access to these compartments.

5.2.10 Requirements for the design of children's beds with railings type I in accordance with GOST 19301.3.

5.2.10.1 The ribs in children's furniture products that a person comes into contact with during operation must be softened. The minimum radius of curvature is 3 mm.

5.2.10.2 Children's beds can be installed: on fixed supports; on two wheel (roller) supports and two legs (supports); four wheel (roller) supports, two or more of which can be blocked using special locking devices.

5.2.10.3 Adjustment of the height-adjustable bunk from the highest to the lowest position shall only be carried out using a tool.

5.2.10.4 In order to prevent spontaneous folding of a folding baby bed, the folding system must be equipped with a locking mechanism. The value of the static strength of the locking mechanism is set in table 3.

5.2.10.5 Decorative stickers and decals shall not be placed on the inside surfaces of the side walls of the railings and headboards.

5.2.10.6 Metal parts that a child may come into contact with must be protected from corrosion.

5.2.10.7 The gaps between the base of the bed, drawers, backs and railing elements should not exceed 25 mm.

5.2.10.8 The instructions for assembling the bed shall provide guidance on the selection of mattress sizes that may be fitted to the bed.

On the elements of the bed railing, an indelible marker should mark the maximum level of the upper surface of the mattress for the cases of its uppermost and lowest position.

The thickness of the mattress must be such that the distance from the top surface of the mattress to the top edge of the bed railing is at least 500 mm for the lowest position of the mattress and at least 200 mm for the highest position of the mattress.

5.2.11 Transformable, retractable and sliding elements of the products must have free play without jamming and distortion.

5.2.11.1 During the operation of transformable products, their safety for human life and health must be ensured, provided that the operating rules are observed.

5.2.12 Maximum deviations from the overall dimensions of products should not exceed ±5 mm.

For furniture, the overall dimensions of which are determined by the dimensions of the soft element (except for chairs and mattresses), the maximum deviations from the overall dimensions should not exceed ± 20 mm. For chairs and mattresses, these limit deviations shall not exceed ±10 mm. Maximum deviations in mattress height should not exceed ±15 mm, and for mattresses with lining materials based on multi-layered airy fabrics with a high (fluffy) stitch ±25 mm.

Maximum deviations from the overall dimensions of products, determined by parts made of metal, plastic or bent glued parts, should not exceed those specified in the technical documentation for the product.

5.2.13 Parts and assembly units of products supplied to the consumer in disassembled form must be manufactured with accuracy in accordance with GOST 6449.1 - GOST 6449.5, which ensures repeated assembly and disassembly of products without additional adjustment.

5.2.14 Facing materials, a group or category of protective and decorative coatings, a form of furniture for public premises are recommended to be selected taking into account their systematic cleaning with a wet method or with a vacuum cleaner.

5.2.15 Requirements for bunk beds

5.2.15.1 In bunk beds, all beds used as upper beds, located at a height of 800 mm or more from the floor, must be equipped with a fence on four sides. The guards must be fixed in such a way that they can only be removed with a tool.

The absence of a railing at the foot of the bed is allowed, if instead of it there is a stationary ladder, the steps of which are located across the entire width of the opening and can perform an additional function of a storage container (boxes).

5.2.15.2 The distance between the upper edge of the railing and the upper surface of the bed base must be at least 260 mm, between the upper edge of the railing and the upper surface of the mattress - at least 160 mm.

The gap between the mattress and the lower surface of the fence or between individual horizontal or vertical elements of the fence should be from 60 to 100 mm.

On one or more elements of the railing of the upper tier of the bed, the maximum level of the upper surface of the mattress should be marked with an indelible marker. Assembly instructions 6 should give recommendations on the overall dimensions of the mattress that will be equipped with the bed.

5.2.15.3 Bunk beds shall be provided with a ladder.

The ladder can be an integral part of the bed design.

One of the largest sides of the railing can be completely separated by a ladder. The size of the railing connector for the ladder should be from 300 to 400 mm.

The distance between the upper surfaces of two successive steps of the ladder must be (250 ± 50) mm. The distance between the steps must be the same, with a maximum deviation of ± 2 mm.

The distance between two consecutive steps must be at least 200 mm; useful step length - not less than 300 mm.

5.2.15.4 The gaps between the base of the bed, drawers, backrests and railing elements should not exceed 25 mm.

The base of the bed must be breathable.

5.2.16 Strength indicators of furniture should correspond to those indicated in table 3.

Table 3

Name of indicator	The value of the indicator depending on the operational purpose of the furniture
Name of indicator		for public spaces	for theater and entertainment enterprises, sports facilities, vehicle waiting rooms
Chairs, stools, work chairs poufs
Sustainability :
stools, poufs and chairs forward and sideways, yeah
chairs with backs less than 50 mm high towards the back, yes
chairs with backs of 50 mm or more in the rear direction, yes
Static strength of the seat, yesN,
Static strength of the back, daN,

Static strength of the armrests (sidewalls) in the lateral direction, daN,
Static strength of the headrest in the lateral direction, yesN
Static strength of armrests (sidewalls) under vertical load, daN
Static strength of legs, yesN:
under load forward

under the action of the load sideways, yes

Strength of box bases when loaded diagonally, yesN
Durability (fatigue) of the seat, cycles,
Durability (fatigue) of the backrest, cycles,

Seat impact strength: load drop height, mm,
Impact strength of the backrest and armrest, :
drop height, mm
angle of fall of the load, deg.
The strength of the product when dropped on the floor, :
stackable or specially designed chairs and stools with legs or supports longer than 200 mm:
drop height, mm
angle of incidence of the product, deg.
non-stackable chairs, stools, pouffes, with casters or smoothly rotating supports, with legs or supports longer than 200 mm:

drop height, mm
angle of incidence of the product, deg.
chairs, poufs and stools with legs or supports less than 200 mm long:
drop height, mm
angle of incidence of the product, deg.
Durability of wooden chairs, rocking cycles
Durability of slewing bearings and rolling bearings, rolling cycles
Chairs, armchairs, folding stools
Seat durability, cycles:
hard
from fabric,
residual deformation between supports (legs), mm, no more
Durability of the back, cycles:


Durability of armrests, cycles:
under vertical load
under horizontal load

Structural durability:
loading cycles
deformation, mm, not more than:
beds with hinged backs
beds with support backs
Strength of fastening of supporting elements to the sides, cycles
The strength of the connection of the supporting backs of the beds with the drawers (for each connection), cycles
Strength of the tsarg, when loaded simultaneously at two points, yesN
Durability of the tsarg, loading cycles
Impact resistance of bases:
loading cycles
drop height, mm
Durability of flexible and elastic bases:
loading cycles
residual deformation, mm, no more
Transformation force of built-in beds, yes, no more
Strength of built-in beds when falling to the floor, cycles
Children's chairs
Stability, degrees, not less than:
for height numbers 00, 0
for height numbers 1, 2, 3
for transformable, yesN, not less than:
in forward direction
in the direction "back", "left", "right"
The strength of the frame of transformable chairs in each direction: "forward", "backward", "left", "right"	Two falls
The strength of the table and the footboard of the transformable chair, loading cycles
The strength of the chair seat to metal frame, loading cycles

The strength of fastening the back of the chair to the metal frame, daN, for height numbers 1, 2, 3
Durability of carpentry, curved glued and mixed construction chairs, rocking cycles:
for height numbers 1, 2, 3
Strength when falling on the floor of chairs of height numbers 00, 0:
drop height, mm
stackable chairs
non-stackable chairs
Static strength of the seat, yesN, for height numbers: 1, 2, 3
Beds, Type I (for children up to three years old) Execution]:
distance between the base of the bed bed and the walls of the fence, mm, no more
diameter of cells of the mesh side railing of the bed, mm, not more than
distance between adjacent laths of bed base, mm, no more
size (diameter) of the cells of the bed base made of metal mesh, mm, no more

distance (gap) between the mattress and the railing of the bed (side walls and backs), mm, no more
Stability, yesN, not less than:
when tested according to GOST 28777
when tested according to
Deformability of railing posts under load, mm, no more
Residual deformation of railing posts, mm, no more
The strength of the upper bar of the fence under the action of a vertical static load: loading cycles load value, yesN
The strength of the connection of the transverse bars and fence posts under the impact load when tested in accordance with GOST 28777 (Appendix 3):
load cycles in each corner of the bed from the inside and outside
The strength of the posts (shields) of the fence during the impact test, loading cycles at each tested point
Rack strength during bending test according to GOST 28777 (Appendix 3), daN

Durability:
loading cycles
deformation, mm, not more than:
when tested in accordance with GOST 28777 (according to the scheme shown in Figure 5)
when tested in accordance with GOST 28777 (according to the scheme shown in Figure 6)
Static strength of the locking mechanism of folding beds:
loading cycles
Beds, Type II (for children from 3 to 7 years old)
Durability:
loading cycles
bed deformation, mm, not more than:
with supporting backs
with hinged backs
At each test point, loading cycles
Durability of king beds:
loading cycles
bunk beds
Stability, yes, not less
Strength of the fence of the upper tier, loading cycles
Strength of fastening of the upper tier, yes
Structural durability, loading cycles
Foundation durability, loading cycles
Foundation strength under impact loading, loading cycles at each tested point
Static strength of ladder fastening, yesN:
with vertical load
with horizontal load
Strength of each step of the ladder, cycles
soft elements
Durability of spring soft elements used as a sleeping place, * loading cycles
while shrinkage, mm, not more than:
unilateral softness
bilateral softness
uneven shrinkage of a soft element of one-sided and two-sided softness, mm, no more
Residual deformation of springless soft elements, %, no more

Sustainability:
single products for seating, yesN, at least in the directions:



for products without sidewalls (armrests), yesN, not less than
for products with sidewalls (armrests) under the action of a load weighing 35 kg	Sustainably

bench products for seating in the directions:
back and forth, yeah, no less
transformable products for lying under the action of two loads weighing 60 kg each	Sustainably
Static strength of hinged sidewalls:
loading cycles
Strength of supports (legs) in transverse and longitudinal directions:
loading cycles
Durability (except for seats, backs and sleeper of sofa beds and armchair beds made on the basis of spring blocks involved in the formation of the bed):
seats, load cycles
backrests, load cycles
sidewalls, load cycles
sleeper, loading cycles
at the same time, residual deformation of products with elastic or flexible bases,%, no more
Impact strength of the seat or bed:
drop height, mm
loading cycles
Strength of the base of the container for storing bedding, yesN	Design load according to GOST 19120, depending on the volume of the container (without destruction)
Effort of transformation of berths of a sofa bed (or its sections), no more yes
Frame strength when falling according to GOST EN 1728
drop height, mm
number of falls
Attachment strength of decoy legs**	According to GOST 16371
rocking chairs
Sustainability:	No tipping over by hand
Durability under horizontal loading of sidewalls, loading cycles
Impact strength:
drop height, mm
loading cycles
* Durability indicators of spring soft elements do not apply to children's furniture products. ** Determined during type tests associated with a change in design and (or) material.

5.2.17 Stability, strength and durability of seating furniture used outdoors must comply with GOST EN 581-1, GOST EN 581-2.

5.2.18 During the operation of furniture, chemicals belonging to the first hazard class should not be released, and the content of other substances should not exceed the permissible levels of migration into the air established in or national standards (and in their absence in national documents) containing sanitary epidemiological and hygienic requirements for the air environment. When several harmful chemicals with a summation of action are released from furniture, the sum of the concentration ratios to their maximum allowable concentration should not exceed one.

Classification and general safety requirements for hazardous chemicals are set out in GOST 12.1.007.

Furniture should not create a specific smell in the room - no more than 2 points.

5.2.19 The level of electrostatic field strength on the surface of furniture for sitting and lying in operating conditions (at room air humidity of 30% - 60%) should not exceed 15.0 kV/m.

5.3 Requirements for materials and components

5.3.1 In the manufacture of furniture, materials and components intended for its manufacture should be used, the safety of which is confirmed in the prescribed manner by a certificate of conformity, a declaration of conformity or a test report.

5.3.2 Surfaces of wooden furniture parts board materials(faces and edges) must have protective or protective-decorative coatings, except for invisible surfaces in mating joints, holes in the places where fittings are installed, the edges of the shields that remain open when installing the back wall "consignment note" or "in a quarter".

5.3.3 Permissible specific activity of cesium-137 radionuclide in wood and wood-containing materials used for the manufacture of furniture should not exceed 300 Bq/kg.

5.3.4 For the manufacture of upholstered elements of furniture for sitting and lying, highly flammable and belonging to group T4 in terms of toxicity of combustion products, upholstery textile and leather materials should not be used. The accompanying documents for textile and leather materials intended for the manufacture of furniture must contain information on their fire safety.

5.3.5 For the manufacture of children's mattresses, materials approved by the national sanitary and epidemiological authorities should be used.

As facing materials, fabrics made from natural fibers are used. It is allowed to use knitted fabrics and removable covers using synthetic and artificial threads that meet the requirements of chemical and biological safety according to and or national standards.

The moisture content of wood chips used to make baby mattresses should be 14% ±2%.

5.4 Marking

5.4.1 Marking of furniture for sitting and lying should comply with GOST 16371 with the following additions.

5.4.1.1 The designation of this standard is indicated on the marking of seating and lying furniture.

5.4.1.2 The marking of children's chairs for public spaces should indicate: in the numerator - height number, in the denominator - the average height of children.

On the outer visible surface of children's chairs, a color marking in the form of a circle with a diameter of at least 10 mm or horizontal bar with a size of at least 10x15 mm in the following colors - depending on the height numbers in accordance with GOST 19301.2:

00 - black;

0 - orange;

0 - purple;

0 - yellow;

0 - red;

0 - green;

0 - blue.

The method of applying color marking should ensure its safety during the life of the furniture.

5.5 Packaging

5.5.1 Packaging of furniture for sitting and lying should comply with GOST 16371 with the following additions.

5.5.1.1 Items that cannot be affixed with paper tags shall have fabric tags.

A sample of facing fabric must be attached to the packaging of household furniture. In the absence of packaging or the use of transparent (polyethylene) packaging, a fabric sample must be attached to the product.

The number and dimensions of facing fabric samples, as well as the number of products to which they are attached, should ensure that fabric samples can be transferred to the consumer.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Furniture is presented for acceptance in batches.

A batch is considered the number of products, sets, headsets of the same name, drawn up in one document.

The batch size is set by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

6.2 To check the furniture for compliance with the requirements of this standard, control the parameters and indicators indicated in table 4.

Terms and definitions of types of tests - according to GOST 16504.

Table 4

Name of indicator	Type of tests			Item number
Name of indicator	Acceptance	periodic, qualifying	for the purposes of mandatory conformity assessment	technical requirements	control methods
Functional dimensions*
Materials used*
				5.3.2.1, 5.3.3, 5.3.4

Humidity of parts*
Appearance








Completeness and the ability to assemble without additional adjustment of furniture supplied disassembled
Requirements for the formation of soft furniture elements *
children's mattresses
Requirements for the bases of soft elements
Element transformation
dimensions
Build quality
hardware requirements
Labeling requirements*
Chairs, stools, work chairs, poufs
Sustainability
Static strength of the seat, backrest, headrest, armrests (sidewalls), legs

Strength of box bases when loaded diagonally
Strength of box bases when loaded diagonally
Durability of wooden chairs
Durability (fatigue) of the backrest, seat
Durability of swivel bearings and rolling bearings
Impact strength of the seat, backrest, armrest (sidewall)
Drop resistance on the floor

Design durability
The strength of the fastening of the supporting elements to the tsargs
The strength of the connection of the supporting backs of the beds with the drawers
Durability tsarg
Durability tsarg
Impact resistance of bases
Durability of flexible and elastic bases
Transformation force of built-in beds
Fall strength of built-in beds
Children's furniture: chairs
Sustainability
The strength of the frame, table and footrest of the convertible chair
The strength of the fastening of the seat, laid on the back to the metal frame
Durability of carpentry, curved glued and mixed construction chairs
Strength when falling on the floor of chairs of height numbers 00, 0
Seat static strength chairs height numbers 1, 2, 3
Seat static strength chairs height numbers 1, 2, 3
Beds, Type I
Execution
Sustainability
Deformability of fence posts
Permanent deformation of guardrail posts
Strength of racks (shields) of the fence during the impact test
Foundation strength under impact load
The strength of the connection of horizontal bars and posts of the fence during the impact test
The strength of the upper railing bar under the action of a vertical load
Tensile strength in bending test
Tensile strength in bending test
Static strength of the locking mechanism of folding beds
Durability (fatigue)
Beds, Type II
Durability
Foundation strength
The durability of the king beds
bunk beds
Sustainability
The strength of the fence of the upper tier
The strength of the fastening of the upper tier
Design durability
Base durability
Foundation strength under impact load
Static fastening strength stairs
Static fastening strength stairs
The strength of each step of the stairs
Execution
Sofas, sofa beds, lounge chairs, chair beds, couches, ottomans, benches, banquettes
Sustainability
Static strength of hinged sidewalls
Strength of supports (legs)
Durability: seat, backrest, sides, bed
Impact strength of the seat, bed
Strength of the base of the container for storing bedding
Effort of transformation of berths of a sofa-bed (or its sections), chair-beds
Drop strength of frame
rocking chairs
Sustainability
Durability under horizontal loading of sidewalls
Impact strength
soft elements
Durability of spring soft elements used for lying
Permanent deformation of springless soft elements
The softness of soft elements
Strength of fastening of decoy legs
Furniture for sitting and lying
Stability, strength and durability of outdoor furniture
Levels of volatile chemicals released into the air during the operation of furniture

The presence of a specific odor
The level of electrostatic field strength on the furniture surface
* Parameters are controlled during the production of the product. Note - The sign "+" means that this parameter is controlled, the sign "-" - is not controlled.

6.3 During acceptance tests, the following indicators are monitored:

The appearance, transformation of products and build quality must be checked on each product of the presented batch. If unsatisfactory results are obtained for at least one indicator, the product is rejected and not subjected to further verification;

The surface roughness that does not have protective and decorative coatings, the completeness and the possibility of assembly without additional adjustment of products supplied unassembled, the overall dimensions should be checked for 3% of the products from the batch, but not less than 2 pieces, selected by random selection.

If at least one product is found that does not comply with the requirements of this standard, re-check the double number of products taken from the same lot, according to the indicators for which unsatisfactory results were obtained.

If, as a result of the re-inspection, at least one product is found that does not meet the requirements of this standard, the lot is rejected.

6.4 Furniture is subjected to acceptance, qualification, periodic, type tests, as well as for the purposes of mandatory confirmation of conformity (mandatory certification, declaration of conformity).

Acceptance tests are carried out during the development of new products according to the program and methods provided for in the current regulatory documentation.

6.4.1 Tests for the purposes of confirmation of conformity, as well as qualification and periodic tests, are subjected to products that have passed acceptance tests. Tests for the purpose of confirmation of conformity may be combined with qualification and periodic tests conducted in accredited testing centers (laboratories).

6.4.2 For testing, samples from a lot should be selected by random sampling in the amount indicated in table 5.

6.4.3 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of qualification tests, acceptance of products at enterprises is stopped until the causes of defects are eliminated and positive test results are obtained.

6.4.4 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of periodic tests, the furniture is submitted for retesting.

Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of repeated periodic tests, the acceptance of products at the enterprise is stopped until the causes of defects are eliminated and positive test results are obtained.

Table 5

Name of products, furniture elements	Number of samples from a batch of products, pcs.
Name of products, furniture elements	up to 400 incl.
Armchairs, chairs, stools, beds, banquettes, poufs, sofas, sofa beds, chair beds, couches, ottomans, rocking chair benches, deck chairs
Springless soft elements
Spring soft elements:

components that form a sleeping place
Note - For testing sofas, sofa beds, armchair beds, couches, ottomans, benches, banquettes, beds of the same design, differing in decorative design and (or) number seats, or the width of the beds, select one sample of the maximum size - a sample representative.

6.4.5 Periodic tests are carried out once every three years.

6.4.6 Test reports must be presented to the consumer at his request.

6.5 Based on the results of determining the levels of volatile chemicals released into the air during operation, test reports and (or) other document provided by the national authorities for sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and welfare of the population are drawn up.

7 Control methods

7.1 The dimensions of products and furniture elements are checked with universal measuring instruments. In furniture items supplied unassembled, the dimensions of the parts and (or) elements are checked.

It is allowed to measure the dimensions of mattresses according to.

7.2 The use of materials in the manufacture of furniture, the requirements for the bases and the formation of soft elements are checked according to the technical documentation for the product, the possibility of assembly without additional fitting of furniture supplied disassembled - control assembly.

7.3 Appearance, assembly quality, requirements for accessories and transformation of products must be controlled visually (by inspection of the product) without the use of instruments.

7.4 Softness indicators of soft elements are determined according to GOST 21640.

7.5 Durability, strength of chairs, stools, work chairs, pouffes is determined according to GOST 12029.

7.6 The stability of chairs, stools, work chairs, pouffes is determined according to GOST 30211.

7.7 Stability, strength, durability, transformation force of sofas, sofa beds, lounge chairs, rocking chairs are determined according to GOST 19120.

7.8 The strength, durability of beds and the transformation force of built-in beds are determined according to GOST 17340.

7.9 Stability, durability and strength of children's chairs are determined according to GOST 23381.

7.10 Execution, stability, strength, durability, deformability of type I baby beds are determined according to GOST 28777.

7.11 The strength and durability of type II baby beds is determined according to GOST 28777.

7.12 The durability of soft furniture elements formed on the basis of spring blocks is determined according to GOST 14314.

7.13 The strength of decoy legs fastening is determined according to GOST 19194.

7.14 Permanent deformation of springless soft elements is determined according to GOST 19918.3.

7.15 The design, stability, strength and durability of bunk (high) beds are determined according to GOST 30210.

7.16 Requirements 7.4 - 7.8, 7.12, 7.13, 7.18 do not apply to children's furniture products.

7.17 The levels of volatile chemicals released during the operation of furniture into the indoor air are determined in accordance with GOST 30255 or current national documents (methods for determining the concentration of specific chemicals) of the national sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities *.

7.18 Levels and methods for measuring the specific activity of radionuclides of cesium - 137 in wood and wood-containing materials used for the manufacture of furniture are determined according to current national standards **.

7.19 The flammability class and the toxicity group of combustion products of upholstery textile and leather facing materials used for the manufacture of upholstered furniture are determined according to current national standards ***.

7.20 The stability, strength and durability of outdoor seating furniture is determined in accordance with GOST EN 581-2 and GOST EN 1728.

7.21 The levels of specific odors that occur during the operation of furniture in the premises are determined according to the current national regulations for determining the specific odor by the organoleptic method.

7.22 The strength of the electrostatic field on the surface of the seating and lying furniture is determined according to the current national regulations (manuals, operating instructions special means measurements) measuring the strength of the electrostatic field by and .

8 Transport and storage

Transportation and storage of furniture for sitting and lying must comply with the requirements of GOST 16371.

9 Manufacturer's warranties

9.1 The manufacturer must guarantee that the furniture meets the requirements of this standard subject to the conditions of transportation, operation, storage and assembly (in the case of delivery of furniture in disassembled form).

9.2 The warranty period for the operation of children's furniture and furniture for public premises is 12 months, for household furniture - 18 months.

9.3 The warranty period for retail sales through a distribution network is calculated from the date of sale of furniture, for non-market distribution - from the day it is received by the consumer.

___________________

* In the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 16000-6 and GOST R 53485 apply.

** GOST R 50801 applies in the Russian Federation.

*** In the Russian Federation, GOST R 50810 and GOST R 53294 apply.

Annex A
(mandatory)

Types of furniture for sitting and lying

Furniture for sitting and lying is divided into types:

For operational purposes:

household furniture

Special furniture:

Furniture for public spaces:

administrative premises (offices, offices);

library;

hotel;

preschool institutions;

medical;

hostels, health resorts;

consumer services enterprises;

catering establishments;

communications enterprises, reading rooms;

furniture for vehicle waiting rooms;

furniture for sports facilities;

furniture for theatrical and entertainment establishments, except for seats for auditoriums.

By function:

Seating furniture. Furniture for lying.

By constructive and technological features:

All types of furniture specified in GOST 20400.

Annex B
(reference)

Standards for limiting wood defects on the surface of solid wood parts

Table B.1

Wood defects according to GOST 2140	The norm for limiting defects on the surface
	under transparent cover			under opaque coating and invisible during operation, including under cladding
		internal visible
			details of chairs, armchairs, etc.	parts of furniture, except for chairs, armchairs, etc.	chairs, armchairs, etc.
	Not taken into account by size, mm, not more than:
a) fused healthy light and dark					1/6 of the width or thickness of the part, but not more than 15
	Allowed size, mm, not more than:
		1/3 of part width or thickness		1/2 the width or thickness of the part, but not more than 50	1/3 of the width or thickness of the part, but not more than 30
	2 pcs. for parts up to 1 m long		2 pcs. per item	3 pcs. for parts up to 1 m long 5 pieces. on a piece with a length of St. 1m	2 pcs. per item
b) healthy with cracks, partially fused, falling out	Not allowed	Sizes up to 5 mm are not taken into account	Not allowed	Sizes up to 10 mm are not taken into account	Not taken into account in sizes up to 1/9 of the width or thickness of the part, but not more than 10 mm
c) healthy with cracks, partially fused, falling out				Allowed no more than 1/3 of the width or thickness of the part	Allowed up to 1/3 of the width or thickness of the part, but not more than 30 mm in the number of intergrown knots taken into account
		1 PC. for parts up to 1 m long		2 pcs. for parts up to 1 m long	1 PC. per item
		2 pcs. on a piece with a length of St. 1 m subject to sealing with corks and putty		3 pcs. on a piece with a length of St. 1m

2 Cracks	Not allowed	Allowed with a length of not more than 1/4 of the length of the part, a depth of not more than 3 mm and a width of up to 1.2 mm in the amount of 1 pc. per part subject to termination	Not allowed	Allowed with a length of not more than 1/4 of the length of the part, a depth of not more than 3 mm and a width of up to 1.2 mm in the amount of 1 pc. for a part up to 1 m long; 2 pcs., arranged in series, on a detail with a length of St. 1 m, subject to termination
3 Defects in the structure of wood:
a) the slope of the fibers	The deviation of the fibers from the longitudinal axis is not more than 7%
					in the front legs, prolegs and bent saw parts - no more than 5%
b) frizziness		Allowed width no more than 1/4 of the thickness or width of the part
c) eyes	Allowed subject to cleaning from resin, gums, sealing with putty and dyeing
d) false core	Allowed
e) internal sapwood, spotting	Not allowed	Allowed
4 Chemical stains		Allowed
5 Fungal infections: fungal heart spots and stripes, sap fungal stains, browning	Allowed subject to surface painting	Allowed
6 Biological Damage: Wormhole	Not allowed	Allowed surface with a diameter of not more than 3 mm in the amount of 1 pc. on the part, subject to sealing with corks or putty	Not allowed	Allowed surface in the number of considered non-united knots	Allowed surface with a diameter of not more than 3 mm in the amount of 1 pc. per item
				subject to sealing with corks or putty
7 Mechanical damage: risks, scratches	Not allowed		Allowed
Notes 1 Wood defects not listed in Table B.1 are not allowed. 2 The size of the knots is determined by the distance between the tangents to the contour of the knot, drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the part. 3 In the manufacture of furniture made of oak according to orders and samples, it is allowed, in agreement with the customer, the presence of a "wormhole" defect without limitation in size and quantity and without sealing with inserts and putties on any surfaces of parts, as well as the use of blanks having healthy intergrown light and dark knots no larger than 1/2 of the width and thickness of the part, without limiting the number.

Annex B
(reference)

Types of furniture surfaces for sitting and lying

┌──────────────────────────────┐

│ Surfaces of furniture products │

└──────────────┬───────────────┘

┌──────────────────┴───────────────────┐

┌──────┴────┐ ┌────┴─────┐

│ Visible │ │ Invisible │

└──────┬────┘ └─────┬────┘

┌─────────┴──────┐ ┌──────────┴───────────┐

┌───┴───┐ ┌──────────┴───────┐ ┌───────┴──────────┐ ┌─────────┴───────────┐

│Facial│ │Internal visible│ │External invisible│ │Internal invisible│

└───────┘ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ └─────────────────────┘

Table B.1

Surface type	Characteristic
	outdoor and internal surfaces visible during normal use, for example, the surfaces of closed containers for bedding, on which removable soft elements (except mattresses) are placed, etc.
1.1 Facial	Exterior surfaces of furniture items visible in normal use, such as the surfaces of headboards and couches, sofa sides, sofa beds, armchairs, chair beds; legs and prolegs; outer surfaces of the tsarg; surfaces of soft elements, etc.
1.2 Internal visible	Internal surfaces of furniture visible during use, for example, surfaces of bed mattresses, including double-sided ones; surfaces on which removable soft elements are laid, internal surfaces of compartments for storing bedding, retractable ottoman frames, external surfaces of the side walls of drawers, etc.
2 Invisible	External and internal surfaces invisible during operation
2.1 External invisible	External surfaces of furniture that are not visible during operation, for example, the outer surfaces of the rear walls facing the wall; seat backs, etc.
2.2 Inner invisible	Inner surfaces of furniture that are not visible during use, for example, the outer surfaces of the back walls of drawers; internal surfaces behind drawers; surfaces of mating joints of sidewalls with armrests, pads, etc.

Annex D
(reference)

Types of furniture bases for sitting and lying

Rigid base - frames, boards, bent glued elements, boxes with mullions or plugs made of plywood, hardboard, fiber sheets or plastics.

Flexible base - frames and boxes with wire mesh, fabric panels or tapes, rubber-fabric tapes and plastic bundles, bent glued plates.

Elastic base - frames and boxes with tension springs, rubber bands.

Combined base - a combination of a flexible base with an elastic one.

Bibliography

	TR CU 025/2012	On the safety of furniture products
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	ISO 7173-1:1989*	Furniture. Chairs and stools. Determination of strength and durability
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	ISO 7175-1(2):1997*	Furniture. Baby cots. Part 1. Security requirements. Part 2. Test methods.
		Household furniture for sitting and lying. Determination of the durability of the sofa transformation mechanism (ottomans, sofas)
		Cribs for children, including folding (collapsible) for home use. Part 1. Security Requirements
		Multi-tier household beds. Part 1. Security Requirements
		Office furniture. Chairs are working. Test methods and safety requirements
	TR CU 007/2011	"On the safety of products intended for children and adolescents"
	TR CU 017/2011	"On product safety light industry"
		Household furniture. Beds and mattresses. Measurement methods and recommended tolerances

_______________________________

* The originals of international standards are located at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Standartinform" of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology.

Active Edition from 01.01.1970

Document name	"FURNITURE FOR SEATING AND LAYING. GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS. GOST 19917-93" (approved by the State Standard of the Russian Federation on 10/21/93) (as amended on 02/01/99)
Type of document	standard
Host body	state standard of the Russian Federation
Document Number	GOST 19917-93
Acceptance date	01.01.1970
Revision date	01.01.1970
Date of registration in the Ministry of Justice	01.01.1970
Status	valid
Publication	This document has not been published in this form.
Navigator	Notes

"FURNITURE FOR SEATING AND LAYING. GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS. GOST 19917-93" (approved by the State Standard of the Russian Federation on 10/21/93) (as amended on 02/01/99)

3. Acceptance

Clauses 3.1 - 3.2 - No longer valid.

(as amended by Change No. 1)

3.3 Acceptance tests:

appearance, transformation of products and build quality must be checked on each product of the presented lot. If unsatisfactory results are obtained for at least one indicator, the product is rejected and not subjected to further verification;

surface roughness that does not have protective and decorative coatings, completeness and the possibility of assembly without additional adjustment of products supplied unassembled, overall dimensions should be checked for 3% of products from the batch, but not less than 2 pieces, selected by random selection.

If there is at least one product that does not meet the requirements of this standard, re-check the double number of products taken from the same lot, according to the indicators for which unsatisfactory results were obtained.

If, as a result of the re-inspection, at least one product does not comply with the requirements of this standard, the lot is rejected.

Clauses 3.4 - 3.4.1 - No longer valid.

(as amended by Change No. 1)

3.4.2 For testing, samples from a lot should be selected by random sampling in the amount indicated in table 5.

Table 5

Name of products, furniture elements	Number of samples from a batch of products, pcs.
Name of products, furniture elements	up to 400 incl.	over 400
Armchairs, chairs, stools, beds, banquettes, pouffes, sofas, sofa beds, chair beds, couches, ottomans, benches
Springless soft elements	1	2
Spring soft elements:	2	3
whole	1	2
composite	3	6

3.4.3 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of qualification tests, acceptance of products at enterprises is stopped until the causes of defects are eliminated and positive test results are obtained.

3.4.4 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of periodic tests, the furniture is submitted for retesting.

3.4.5 Periodic tests are carried out every three years.

Clause 3.4.6 - No longer valid.

(as amended by Change No. 1)

3.4.7 Reports of certification, qualification, periodic and type tests must be presented to the consumer organization at its request.

3.5 Based on the results of determining the levels of volatile chemicals emitted during the operation of furniture into the air of residential premises, the national sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities should draw up hygienic conclusions for products (sets, sets).

(as amended by Change No. 1)

GOST 16371-2014

INTERSTATE STANDARD

General specifications

furniture. General specifications

MKS 97.140OKP 56 0000

Introduction date 2016-01-01

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by the "Interstate Standardization System. Basic Provisions" and "Interstate Standardization System. Interstate Standards, Rules and Recommendations for Interstate Standardization. Rules for the Development, Adoption, Application, Update and Cancellation".

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 135 "Furniture"

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of November 14, 2014 N 72-P) Voted for adoption:

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 15, 2015 N 683-st, the interstate standard GOST 16371-2014 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2016.

5 This standard was developed to ensure compliance with the requirements of the technical regulation of the Customs Union TP TS 025/2012 "On the safety of furniture products".

6 INSTEAD OF GOST 16371-93

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index " National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

1 area of use

This standard applies to household furniture and furniture for public premises, produced by enterprises (organizations) of any form of ownership, as well as individual manufacturers.

Types of furniture are given in Appendix A.

The requirements that ensure the safety of furniture during operation are set out in 5.2.28-5.2.32, 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.4.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 9.032-74 one system protection against corrosion and aging. Paint coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations

4 Types and sizes

4.1 The functional dimensions of products are established by GOST 13025.1, GOST 13025.3, GOST 13025.4, GOST 17524.1, GOST 17524.4, GOST 17524.5, GOST 17524.8, GOST 18723, GOST 19178, GOST 19301.1, GOST 26682, GOST 26800.1, GOST 26.4.

4.2 Functional dimensions of products that are not established by the relevant standards must be indicated in the technical documentation for the products.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Furniture must comply with the requirements of this standard and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

5.2 Characteristics

5.2.1 Maximum deviations from the overall dimensions of single pieces of furniture, as well as those blocked in length and height, should not exceed those indicated in table 1.

Table 1
In millimeters

5.2.2 The gaps in the openings on the side, not provided for by the technical documentation for the products, should not exceed:

2.0 mm - for doors;
1.5 mm - for outer boxes with front walls included in the opening.

5.2.3 Warping of panel parts with a length and (or) width of 300 mm or less is not standardized.

Warping of panel parts in the product should not exceed:

for doors:
- length and width of more than 300 mm and less than 600 mm - 0.2 mm;
- more than 600 mm long and less than 600 mm wide - 1.2 mm;
- length and width of more than 600 mm - 2.2 mm;
for table tops:
- length and width of more than 300 mm and less than 600 mm - 0.3 mm;
- more than 600 mm long, less than 600 mm wide - 1.5 mm;
- length and width of more than 600 mm - 2.7 mm;
for other details:
- length and width of more than 300 mm and less than 600 mm - 0.4 mm;
- more than 600 mm long, less than 600 mm wide - 2.0 mm;
- length and width of more than 600 mm - 3.5 mm.

5.2.4 Inserts and overlays (for example: drawer bottoms, panels, glass, mirrors, decorative elements and others) must be fixed motionless.

Transformable, retractable, sliding elements of furniture products must have free movement without jamming and distortions.

5.2.5 Fittings exposed to the surface of the products must not have burrs; the edges of the ends of the molded parts must be blunted.

5.2.6 Locks must be fixed and firmly fixed on the parts of the products and installed so that they can be easily unlocked and locked.

5.2.7 Doors of products without locks must have devices or hinges that prevent their spontaneous opening.

5.2.8 The nominal thickness of glass shelves is set depending on their length in accordance with Table 2.

table 2
In millimeters

It is allowed to use glass with a thickness of 5 mm for shelves longer than 650 mm, provided that intermediate supports are used.

The thickness of the glass doors must be specified in the technical documentation for the product. Thickness sliding doors glass must be at least 4 mm.

Sliding glass doors without handles must have a polished finger recess, the shape and dimensions of which must be specified in the technical documentation for the product.

5.2.9 Moisture content of solid wood parts should be 8% ± 2%. The moisture content of parts made of wood materials must comply with those specified in the regulatory documentation for these materials.

5.2.10 The strength of the adhesive bond for uneven separation of facing materials must comply with the standards given in Appendix B (Table B.1).

5.2.11 The limits for limiting wood defects on the surfaces of furniture parts are given in Appendix B (table B.2).

Types of surfaces of furniture products and their characteristics are given in Appendix D (Figure D.1, tables D.1 and D.2).

5.2.12 On the front surfaces of the product, there may be healthy intergrown knots, if this does not reduce the strength of the product and is provided for by the technical documentation for the product.

5.2.13 On the front surfaces of a piece of furniture, there can be no more than three types of normalized defects at the same time, except for those that are not taken into account and are allowed without limitation, given in Appendix B.

5.2.14 In spike joints and details with a cross section of less than 20x30 mm, bearing power loads, the wood defects listed in Appendix B are not allowed, except for the defects indicated in 3a (within the established norm), 3e, 4 and 5.

5.2.15 It is recommended that the dimensions of wormholes, pockets and plugs for their embedding in solid wood parts do not exceed 1/3 of the thickness or width of the part. Rib knots are recommended to be allowed only if the part is fused in size 1/5 of the width or thickness of the part, but not more than 10 mm.

5.2.16 Knots larger than 15 mm on parts intended for cladding or opaque finishes can be sealed with inserts or plugs, except for healthy intergrown knots on parts intended for opaque finishing.

5.2.17 Inserts and plugs for sealing should be made of wood of the same breed as the parts, have the same grain direction with them and are installed tightly on the glue.

5.2.18 In furniture parts made of plywood and not subject to subsequent veneering, the quality of plywood must be at least grade II/III po and grade IIx/IIIx po for visible surfaces, not lower than grade III/IV po and grade lllx/IVx po for invisible surfaces and not lower than grade IV / IV po and grade IVx / IVx po for surfaces to be lined and upholstered, provided that holes from fallen knots and defects on the outer layers of plywood are sealed in accordance with the requirements and.

5.2.19 In the product on the front surfaces, more than two seals are not allowed. The color of the seals must match the color of the surface on which they are located.

The size of each of the embeds should be no more than 5 cm² for lined parts and 1.5 cm² for solid wood parts.

On the front surfaces lined with decorative facing material (film, plastic, etc.), sealing is not allowed.

5.2.20 Facing materials and parts made of solid wood for the face and working surfaces of a single product or a set of products, a set and products blocked in length and height, must be selected according to the species, texture (pattern) and color.

Within the same layer or edge of the front surfaces, solid wood or lined parts must be of the same breed, color and type of cut.

An artistic decision may provide for a different selection of cladding and details from solid wood.

5.2.21 On the visible surface of the furniture, defects are not allowed according to GOST 20400:

discrepancies in the cladding strips, overlaps, delaminations, bubbles under the cladding, adhesive spots, sanding, abrasion, surface contamination, tears, dents, scratches, cracks, stains, glue runs, burrs and wrinkles.

5.2.22 On the working surface of dining and kitchen tables lined with synthetic decorative material, facing joints are not allowed.

5.2.23 Visible surfaces of furniture made of wood and wood-based materials, except for the surfaces of cutting boards, outer side walls of drawers and half-boxes, and external invisible horizontal surfaces of furniture made of wood and wood-based materials, located at a height of 1700 mm or more, must have protective and decorative coatings that meet the requirements of regulatory documentation for these coatings. External invisible horizontal surfaces located at a height of 1700 mm or more may, instead of protective and decorative coatings, have a lining or a protective coating that allows wet cleaning.

It is allowed to have no protective and decorative coating on the internal visible surfaces made of solid fibreboards of group A to in furniture items, except for kitchen ones, if this is provided for by the technical documentation for the product.

5.2.24 Types of protective and protective-decorative coatings for the surfaces of furniture fittings and metal parts must be established in the regulatory documentation for fittings and parts in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.032, GOST 9.303.

No coverage is allowed if metal parts made of special corrosion-resistant alloys (for example, stainless steel, etc.).

5.2.25 The roughness parameter of the surfaces of parts made of wood and wood-based materials that are visible during operation Rm, for which protective and decorative coatings are not provided (for example, side surfaces of drawers, surfaces of cutting boards), as well as invisible surfaces with which a person and objects come into contact during the operation of furniture, should be no more than 63 microns according to GOST 7016.

It is allowed to determine the roughness of these surfaces by the parameter Rm max.

5.2.27 Details and assembly units of products of collapsible furniture must be manufactured with accuracy in accordance with the requirements - ensuring assembly and disassembly of products without additional adjustment.

5.2.28 During the operation of furniture, chemicals belonging to the first hazard class should not be released, and the content of other substances should not exceed the permissible levels of migration into the air established in or national standards (and in their absence in national documents) containing sanitary epidemiological and hygienic requirements for the air environment. When several harmful chemicals with a summation of action are released from furniture, the sum of the concentration ratios to their maximum allowable concentration should not exceed one in accordance with GOST 12.1.007. Furniture products should not create a specific smell in the room no more than 2 points.

5.2.29 Furniture used in children's, preschool, school, medical and preventive, sanatorium and resort institutions should provide the possibility of wet disinfection of workers and facade surfaces to avoid the growth and development of microflora (especially pathogenic). After disinfection with chemicals, there should be no visible changes in the surface (highly resistant surfaces) or there may be subtle changes in the gloss or color of the surface (resistant surfaces).

5.2.30 Controlled indicators of furniture should correspond to those indicated in table 3.

Table 3

) depending on the length of the rod - according to GOST 28102

Name of indicator	The value of the indicator depending on the operational purpose of the furniture
Name of indicator	domestic	for public spaces	for theater and entertainment enterprises, sports facilities, vehicle waiting rooms
CABINET FURNITURE
Hull strength and deformability:
loading cycles	600	600	600
deformation, mm, no more	3,0	3,0	3,0
Foundation strength, loading cycles	500	500	500
Deflection of free-lying shelves per 1 m of length, mm, no more	5,0	5,0	5,0

Shelf support strength, loading cycles	10	10	10
Strength of the upper and lower shields under load according to GOST 19882, h, without destruction	24	24	24

at stroke length (500±50) mm	2500	5000	10000
with stroke length (250±25) mm	5000	10000	20000
Strength of the body and fastening of suspension brackets for wall-mounted products of cabinet furniture, yesN, without destruction	Estimated load depending on the functional purpose of the product
DOORS WITH VERTICAL AXIS OF ROTATION
Rigidity of fastening of doors, characterized by residual deformation, mm, not more than:
loose	1,0	1,0	1,0
overhead	2,0	2,0	2,0
Door fastening strength, loading cycles	10	10	10
Durability of fastening of doors:
loading cycles	20000	40000	80000
residual deformation, mm, not more than:
loose	1,5	1,5	1,5
overhead	2,5	2,5	2,5
HORIZONTAL ROTATION DOORS
Fastening strength:
loading cycles	10	10	10
deformation under load, mm, no more	50,0	50,0	50,0
	20,0	20,0	20,0
	5000	10000	20000
SLIDING DOORS AND HORIZONTAL SHUTTER DOORS
	3,0	3,0	3,0
Fastening strength, yes	3,0	4,0	4,0
Fastening durability, loading cycles	10000	20000	40000
VERTICAL SHUTTER DOORS
Pulling force, yes, no more	3,0	3,0	3,0
Strength, loading cycles	20	30	40
BOXES (Semi-boxes)
Effort of pulling out boxes (half-boxes), yesN, no more	5,0	5,0	5,0
Strength of boxes (semi-boxes):
when loading the bottom of the box (semi-box), yesN	Q+4,0	Q+6,0	Q+7,0

under vertical loading of the front wall of the box (semi-box), cycles	10	10	10
under horizontal dynamic loading of a box (half-box), cycles	50	50	50
Durability of boxes (semi-boxes):
loading cycles	20000	40000	80000
deformation, mm, no more	2,0	2,0	2,0
RODS
Deflection of a reference stationary bar 1 meter long, mm, no more	8,0	8,0	8,0
Pulling force of rods, yesN, no more	5,0	5,0	5,0
Rod durability:
loading cycles	20000	20000	30000
at the same time deflection, mm, no more	5,0	5,0	5,0
Strength of retractable rods, yesN	Q+5,0	Q+5,0	Q+5,0
Strength of rod holders, yesN
LEGS*
Attachment strength of a decoy leg up to 170 mm long, depending on the mass of the product (kg) in the loaded state, daN, not less than**:
Up to 30 incl.	30
St. 30 to 60 incl.	50
St. 60 to 90 incl.	70
St. 90 to 300 incl.	90
St. 300	120
WALL PRODUCTS
Strength of the hull and suspension mounts, yes	Design load according to GOST 28136, depending on the functional purpose of the product
DINING TABLES (EXCEPT FOLDING TABLES)
Stability, daN, not less than: vertical load for tables weighing:
Up to 15 kg incl.	10,0	10,0	10,0
St. 15 kg	15,0	15,0	15,0

Up to 15 kg incl.	3,0	3,0	3,0
St. 15 kg	5,0	5,0	5,0

loading cycles	10	10	10
deflection, mm, no more	10,0	10,0	10,0

	1,0	1,0	1,0
residual deformation, mm, no more	2,0	2,0	2,0

drop height, mm	80,0	140,0	180,0
Rigidity:
loading cycles	10	10	10
deformation***, mm, no more	15,0	15,0	15,0

loading cycles	10000	15000	30000
deformation***, mm, no more	20,0	20,0	20,0

loading cycles	7500	10000	30000
deformation, mm, no more	10,0	10,0	10,0
Drop strength:
number of falls	10	10	10
drop height, mm	150,0	200,0	300,0
WRITING TABLES (WORKING)
Stability, yesN, not less than:
15,0	15,0	15,0
5,0	5,0	5,0

on the door	2,0	2,0	2,0
on the box	4,0	4,0	4,0
Strength under vertical static load:
loading cycles	10	10	10
deflection, mm, no more	10,0	10,0	10,0
Strength under the action of long-term vertical load:
deformation under load (deflection), %, no more	1,0	1,0	1,0
residual deformation, mm, no more	2,0	2,0	2,0
Impact strength:
drop height, mm	80,0	140,0	180,0
Rigidity:
loading cycles	10	10	10
deformation***, mm, no more	20,0	20,0	20,0
Durability under horizontal load:
loading cycles	10000	15000	30000
deformation***, mm, no more	25,0	25,0	25,0
Durability under vertical load:
loading cycles	7500	10000	30000
deformation, mm, no more	5,0	5,0	5,0
Drop strength:
number of falls	10	10	10
drop height, mm	150,0	200,0	300,0
Rolling bearing life, rolling cycles:
at stroke length (500±50) mm	2500	5000	10000
with stroke length (250±25) mm	5000	10000	20000
COFFEE TABLES
Stability, yesN, not less than:

Up to 15 kg incl.	10,0	10,0	10,0
St. 15 kg	15,0	15,0	15,0

Up to 15 kg incl.	1,0	1,0	1,0
St. 15 kg	3,0	3,0	3,0
Strength under vertical static load:
loading cycles	10	10	10
deflection, mm, no more	10,0	10,0	10,0
Strength under the action of long-term vertical load:
deformation under load (deflection), %, no more	1,0	1,0	1,0
residual deformation, mm, no more	2,0	2,0	2,0
Impact strength:
drop height, mm	80,0	140,0	180,0
Rigidity:
loading cycles	10	10	10
deformation***, mm, no more	15,0	15,0	15,0
Durability under horizontal load:
loading cycles	10000	15000	30000
deformation***, mm, no more	20,0	20,0	20,0
Durability under vertical load:
loading cycles	7500	10000	30000
deformation, mm, no more	5,0	5,0	5,0
Drop strength:
number of falls	10	10	10
drop height, mm	150,0	200,0	300,0
Rolling bearing life, rolling cycles:
at stroke length (500±50) mm	2500	5000	10000
with stroke length (250±25) mm	5000	10000	20000
CHILDREN'S TABLES
Stability, yesN, not less than:
10,0		-

Up to 10 kg incl.	1,0		-
St. 10 kg	3,0		-
Strength under static load:
deflection, mm, no more	10,0		-
Impact strength:
drop height, mm	80,0		-
Rigidity:	5,0		-
deformation***, mm, not more than:
for numbers 0, 00, 1	7,5		-
for numbers 2, 3
Durability under horizontal load:
loading cycles	3000	5000	-
deformation***, mm, not more than:
for numbers 0, 00, 1	7,5		-
for numbers 2, 3	10,0		-
Drop strength:
number of falls	10	10	-
drop height, mm	150,0	200,0	-
TOILET TABLES
Stability, yesN, not less than:
10,0	10,0	-

Up to 10 kg incl.	1,0	1,0	-
St. 10 kg	3,0	3,0	-
Strength under vertical static load:
loading cycles	10	10	-
deflection, mm, no more	10,0	10,0	-
Strength under the action of long-term vertical load:
deformation under load (deflection), %, no more	1,0	1,0	-
residual deformation, mm, no more	2,0	2,0	-
Impact strength:
drop height, mm	80,0	140,0
Rigidity:
loading cycles	10	10	-
Durability under horizontal load:
loading cycles	5000	10000	-
deformation***, mm, no more	20,0	20,0	-
Drop strength:
number of falls	10	10	-
drop height, mm	150,0	200,0	-
* Determined during type tests. With legs longer than 170 mm, the fastening strength is recalculated in accordance with GOST 19194. * Deformation of tables with bent glued supports and on metal legs, as well as tables made of plastic, is not standardized, the presence of defects is assessed visually.

5.2.31 The stability of cabinet furniture products must comply with the requirements specified in table 4.

5.2.32 The stability and strength of tables used outdoors in campsites, domestic and public areas must comply with GOST EN 581-3 and GOST EN 1730.

Table 4

5.3 Requirements for materials and components

5.3.2 The surfaces of furniture parts made of wood-based panel materials (plaits and edges) must have protective or protective and decorative coatings, except for invisible surfaces in mating joints, holes at the fittings installation points, edges of the shields that remain open when installing the back wall "consignment note" or "in a quarter".

5.3.3 Permissible specific activity of cesium-137 in wood and wood-containing materials used for the manufacture of furniture should not exceed 300 Bq/kg.

The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in mineral-based materials for the manufacture of furniture should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.

5.3.4 Mirrors for furniture must comply with or other regulatory documentation containing requirements not lower than those established in the specified standard.

5.3.5 Glass products for furniture must comply with GOST 6799 or other regulatory documentation containing requirements not lower than those established in the specified standard. For the manufacture of glass furniture products (tables, table tops, cabinet furniture), safety glass should be used: tempered, reinforced, multi-layered. The edges of glass products must be processed by grinding, polishing, chamfering or bevelling.

5.4 Marking

5.4.1 Each piece of furniture must be marked in Russian and (or) another national language. Marking must be done in a typographical, lithographic or printed way on a paper label firmly glued to the piece of furniture.

It is allowed to apply marking with indelible paint by stamping, burning, punching, as well as putting down individual details of the label with a stamp or printing method.

The marking must be clear and contain:

name of the furniture product according to its operational and functional purpose;
product designation (digital, proprietary, model, etc.);
trademark (logo) of the manufacturer (if any);
name of the country of manufacture;
name and location of the manufacturer;
name, legal and actual address of a person authorized by the manufacturer;
date of manufacture;
guarantee period;
service life set by the manufacturer;
a single sign of product circulation on the market of the member states of the Customs Union.

5.4.1.1 Furniture products supplied unassembled may not be marked with the designation of the product and the date of manufacture. In this case, the designation of the product is affixed by the manufacturer or seller during the sale of the furniture product or during its assembly at the user. The release date must be indicated on the package(s). Disassembled furniture is marked on the packaging.

The marking label must be enclosed in the package along with the assembly instructions. The instructions must contain a graphic representation of all options for assembling the product with their designation.

5.4.1.2 The unified mark of product circulation on the market of the Customs Union is affixed to one or more of the following places:

marking of each product (on the label);
shipping documents;
instructions for assembly (operation);
one of the packaging units of the furniture set, delivered unassembled.

5.4.2 Marking should be applied: on the upper left corner of the rear wall of products intended for placement against the wall, on the reverse side of the table top; on a surface that is not visible during operation of products that do not have a back wall and cover. Marking is not allowed on the surface of boxes, sliding shelves, parts and components that can be replaced.

5.4.3 Items that are part of a headset or set, next to the label, must be marked with a symbol or number indicating that the product belongs to the headset, set.

5.4.4 Cabinet prefabricated furniture and sets of universal prefabricated furniture supplied unassembled must be accompanied by assembly instructions, an installation diagram and a delivery document. (Allowed picking list and the installation diagram to be included in the assembly instructions). Each part must be marked with part, product and set (headset) numbers. The part numbers must correspond to the numbers indicated in the assembly instructions, the installation diagram and the delivery document.

5.4.5 The marking of children's tables for public spaces should additionally indicate: in the numerator - their height number, in the denominator - the average height of children.

On the visible outer surfaces of tables, desks and chairs for preschool institutions, color marking should be applied in the form of a circle with a diameter of at least 10 mm or a horizontal strip with a size of at least 10x15 mm of the following colors, depending on the height numbers of the furniture item:

00 - black;
0 - white;
1 - orange;
2 - purple;
3 - yellow;
4 - red;
5 - green;
6 - blue.

The method of applying color marking should ensure its long-term safety.

It is allowed to apply color marking made by printing with a self-adhesive base.

5.4.6 Products, sets, furniture sets must be accompanied by instructions for the operation and maintenance of furniture, which can be combined with assembly instructions.

If necessary, the manufacturer indicates in the instructions the value of the value of the permissible limit loads on the product and its functional elements (shelves, boxes, horizontal panels).

5.5 Packaging

5.5.1 Furniture must be packed:

for long-distance transportation, transportation with reloading to other modes of transport - in a single or reusable container, ensuring the safety of furniture from damage and pollution, while meeting the requirements of handling marks on, applied to the container;
when transporting to the regions of the Far North and areas equated to them, by water transport in accordance with.

The moisture content of the wood of the packaging for packing furniture should not exceed 22%.

5.5.2 Upon agreement with the consumer, other types of packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of furniture products during transportation.

5.5.3 When transporting furniture by road or in universal containers, it is allowed not to pack the furniture in agreement with the consumer, provided that it is protected from damage, pollution, precipitation and the maximum use of the carrying capacity (capacity) of the container.

5.5.4 To protect furniture from mechanical damage in places where furniture items come into contact with each other, with the vehicle body, with an old rigid structure and with packaging materials, auxiliary packaging must be used in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documentation for these tools.

5.5.5 Furniture to be packaged is transported in packages in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation that establishes the methods and means of packaging furniture.

5.5.6 All removable accessories of furniture products must be packed in a sealed (sewn) bag or box, placed in one of the boxes or attached to one of the furniture parts.

Removable fittings and components, in agreement with the consumer, may be supplied separately packed with the same batch of furniture, a set, a set with the appropriate instructions in the shipping documentation.

5.5.7 To prevent opening and sliding out of furniture doors and drawers during transportation, they must be locked or, in the absence of locks, secured by means that prevent damage to the furniture.

One of the keys to the locked compartment must be attached to the back wall or other surface of the furniture that is invisible during normal use.

5.5.8 Packaging, transportation and storage of glass products and mirrors for furniture must comply with the requirements for and.

5.5.9 The packaging of furniture, including those with glass parts, as well as containers for glass parts, must be marked with transport markings and handling marks with the meaning "Fragile. Caution", "Top", "Protect from moisture" on .

It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, not to apply the handling sign: "Top" on the packaging of furniture products, the design of which allows storage and transportation in any position, including in pairs.

5.5.10 When furniture is transported in direct railway traffic by wagon shipments, it is allowed to apply the main and additional inscriptions not on all packages, but at least on four.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Furniture products are presented for acceptance in batches.

A batch is considered the number of products, sets, headsets of the same name, drawn up in one document. The size of the batch is set by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

6.2 To check the furniture for compliance with the requirements of this standard, control the parameters indicated in table 5.

Table 5

Name of indicator	Type of tests				Item number
Name of indicator	Acceptance	Qualifying, periodical	Typical	For the purposes of mandatory conformity assessment	technical requirements	control methods
Functional dimensions*	-	-	-	-	4.1	7.1
Functional dimensions*	-	-	-	-	4.2	7.1
dimensions	+	-	-	-	5.2.1	7.1
Gap dimensions	+	-	-	-	5.2.2	7.1
Materials used*	-	-	-	-	5.3.1	7.2
	-	-	-	-	5.3.2	7.2
	-	-	-	-	5.3.3	7.2
Humidity*	-	-	-	-	5.2.9	7.3
Bonding strength of facing materials*	-	-	+	-	5.2.10	7.4
Warped parts	+	-	-	-	5.2.3	7.7
Product transformation	+	-	-	-	5.2.4	7.5
hardware requirements*	+	-	-	-	5.2.5	7.5
	+	-	-	-	5.2.6	7.5
	+	-	-	-	5.2.7	7.5
	-	-	-	-	5.2.24	7.5
Requirements for glass products	-	-	-	-	5.2.8	7.5
Requirements for glass products	+	-	-	-	5.3.5	7.5
Requirements for mirrors	+	-	-	-	5.3.4	7.5
Appearance	+	-	-	-	5.2.11 - 5.2.19	7.5
	+	-	-	-	5.2.20	7.5
	+	-	-	-	5.2.21	7.5
	+	-	-	-	5.2.22	7.5
	+	-	-	-	5.2.23	7.5
	+	-	-	-	5.2.24	7.5
	+	-	-	-	5.2.26	7.5
Surface roughness of parts*	+	-	-	-	5.2.25	7.6
Completeness and the ability to assemble without additional adjustment of furniture supplied disassembled	+	-	-	-	5.2.27	7.2
Stability of the written (desk) table	-	-	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
The strength of the writing (desk) table under the action of static and shock loads	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
The strength of the written (desk) table under the action of a long static load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
Rigidity and durability of the written (desk) table under the action of a horizontal load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
Durability of a writing (desktop) table under vertical load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
Durability of the rolling supports of the written (desk) table	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
The strength of the written (desk) table when dropped on the floor	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
Sustainability of cabinet furniture products	-	-	+	+	5.2.31	7.9
Hull strength and deformability	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.9
Strength of the base of cabinet furniture	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.9
Deflection of free-lying shelves of cabinet furniture	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.9
Strength of shelf supports for free-standing cabinet furniture shelves	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.9
The strength of the upper and lower panels of cabinet furniture	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.9
Durability of rolling bearings of cabinet furniture	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.9
Strength and durability of fastening doors with a vertical and horizontal axis of rotation, sliding and shutter doors	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.11
Rigidity of doors with a vertical axis of rotation	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.11
Sliding force for sliding doors, curtain doors and folding doors	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.12
Strength of fastening of decoy legs	-	-	+	-	5.2.30	7.14
Effort of pulling out a box (half-drawer)	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.15
Strength and durability of boxes (semi-boxes)	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.15
Deflection of stationary rods	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.16
Strength of rod holders	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.16
Extendable boom durability	-	-	+	+	5.2.30	7.16
Rack strength	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.16
Rod extension force (initial, final)	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.16
Strength of the body and fastening of hangers for wall-mounted products of cabinet furniture (method 1 according to GOST 28136)	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.13
Fastening strength of suspension brackets for wall products of cabinet furniture (method 2 according to GOST 28136)	-	-	+	-	5.2.30	7.13
Coffee table stability	-	-	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
The strength of the coffee table under the action of static and shock loads	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
The strength of the coffee table under the action of a long vertical load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
Rigidity and durability of the coffee table under the action of horizontal load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
The durability of the coffee table under vertical load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
Durability of coffee table rolling bearings	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
Drop resistance of a coffee table	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.10
Sustainability of dining, dressing and nursery tables	-	-	+	+	5.2.30	7.8
Strength of dining, toilet and children's preschool tables under the influence of static and shock loads	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.8
Strength of dining, toilet and children's preschool tables under the action of a long vertical load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.8
Rigidity and durability of dining, toilet and children's preschool tables under the action of a horizontal load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.8
Durability of dining, toilet and children's preschool tables under vertical load	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.8
Fall strength of dining, toilet and children's preschool tables	-	+	+	+	5.2.30	7.8
Stability and durability of outdoor tables	-	+	+	+	5.2.32	7.17
Levels of volatile chemicals released into the air during the operation of furniture	-	-	-	+	5.2.28	7.18
The presence of a specific odor	-	-	-	+	5.2.28	7.19
The quality of wet disinfection of furniture used in children's, preschool, school, medical and preventive, sanatorium and resort institutions	+	-	-	+	5.2.29	7.5
* Indicators are controlled during the production process of the product. Notes 1 The sign "+" means that this indicator is controlled, the sign "-" - is not controlled. 2 During type tests, in addition to the indicators marked with a "+", other indicators of the table can be checked, which are influenced by changes made to the design, materials used or technological processes for manufacturing the product. Terms and definitions of types of tests - according to.

6.3 During acceptance tests, the following is controlled:

appearance, assembly quality, transformation of products, the quality of glass products and mirrors in furniture products are checked on each product of the submitted batch. If unsatisfactory results are obtained for at least one indicator, the product is rejected and is not subject to further verification;
warping of parts in finished products is determined by 5% of the products from the batch, but not less than 2 and not more than 5 products;
warping of parts of collapsible furniture is determined by 3% of the products from the batch, but not less than 2 and not more than 10 pieces;
surface roughness that does not have protective and decorative coatings, completeness and the ability to assemble without additional adjustment of collapsible furniture products, overall dimensions, as well as compliance with the requirements established by the standard for fittings, are checked for 3% of the products from the batch, but not less than 2 and no more than 10 pcs. (products, sets, sets), selected by random selection. If at least one product does not comply with the requirements of this standard, double the number of products taken from the same lot is re-checked for indicators for which unsatisfactory results were obtained.

If, upon re-checking, at least one product does not comply with the requirements of this standard, the lot is rejected.

6.4.1 Tests for the purposes of confirmation of conformity, as well as qualification and periodic tests, are subjected to products that have passed acceptance tests. Tests for the purposes of confirmation of conformity can be combined with acceptance, qualification and periodic tests conducted in accredited testing centers (laboratories).

6.4.2 For testing, the number of samples indicated in Table 6 is taken from a lot by random sampling.

Table 6

Name of products	Number of items in a batch, pcs.
Up to 400 incl.	St. 400
Cabinet furniture, tables	1	2
Notes 1 In cabinet furniture and tables, one box (half-box) of the maximum size of one design is tested from among the samples selected for testing. 2 Samples of doors of each design from selected furniture items are tested in cabinet furniture and tables. The number of tested doors with a vertical axis of rotation within one design is set taking into account the gradation in height - 200 mm. If there are doors of several widths, the door of the maximum width is tested. Tilt doors, sliding doors and shutter doors are tested on a single specimen of the maximum dimensions in length and width. 3 From among the selected samples of cabinet furniture, one rod of the maximum length of each design is tested. 4 Testing wall-mounted cabinet furniture of the same design is carried out on one sample of the largest dimensions with the maximum functional load. 5 Children's tables are tested on a sample of the maximum height number of each design.

Name of products

Number of items in a batch, pcs.

Up to 400 incl.

St. 400

Cabinet furniture, tables

Notes

1 In cabinet furniture and tables, one box (half-box) of the maximum size of one design is tested from among the samples selected for testing.

2 Samples of doors of each design from selected furniture items are tested in cabinet furniture and tables.

The number of tested doors with a vertical axis of rotation within one design is set taking into account the gradation in height - 200 mm. If there are doors of several widths, the door of the maximum width is tested.

Tilt doors, sliding doors and shutter doors are tested on a single specimen of the maximum dimensions in length and width.

3 From among the selected samples of cabinet furniture, one rod of the maximum length of each design is tested.

4 Testing wall-mounted cabinet furniture of the same design is carried out on one sample of the largest dimensions with the maximum functional load.

5 Children's tables are tested on a sample of the maximum height number of each design.

6.4.4 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of periodic tests, furniture products are submitted for retesting.

Periodic testing is carried out every three years.

6.4.5 Acceptance tests are carried out during the development of new furniture products according to a program that includes indicators controlled during acceptance tests and tests to confirm compliance.

6.5 Based on the results of determining the levels of volatile chemicals released into the air during the operation of furniture, a test report and (or) other document is drawn up, provided by the national authorities for sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and welfare of the population.

7 Control methods

7.1 The dimensions of furniture products are checked with universal measuring instruments. In furniture items supplied unassembled, the dimensions of the parts and (or) elements are checked.

Overall and functional dimensions are measured with an error of ±1 mm, other dimensions - with an error of ±0.1 mm.

7.2 The use of materials in the manufacture of furniture, the completeness of furniture products is checked according to the technical documentation for the product, the possibility of assembly without additional fitting of furniture supplied disassembled - the control assembly of the product.

7.3 The moisture content of wood is determined by, particle boards- according to GOST 10634; fibreboard - in accordance with GOST 19592, plywood, blockboard, veneer - in accordance with GOST 9621.

7.4 The strength of the adhesive bond for uneven separation of facing materials is determined by. The specific resistance of the normal separation of the outer layer of furniture parts made of laminated boards and parts lined with polymer films with a thickness of more than 0.4 mm is determined according to GOST 23234.

7.5 Appearance, the presence of a protective and protective and decorative surface coating, requirements for the transformation of products, fittings and mirrors are controlled visually (by inspection of the product), without the use of instruments. The dimensions of glass products are checked with universal measuring instruments.

7.6 The surface roughness of parts made of wood and wood-based materials is determined in accordance with GOST 15612 with the following additions: to determine the surface roughness on parts with an area of up to 0.5 m2, five measurements are taken, on parts with an area of more than 0.5 m2 - ten measurements.

It is allowed in accordance with GOST 15612 to determine the roughness by comparison with a sample - the standard of the part.

7.7 The warping of parts in the product is determined according to GOST 2405. The warping of parts, the length of which is five or more times greater than the width, is determined along one longitudinal axis.

7.8 Strength, rigidity and durability of dining, children's and dressing tables are determined in accordance with GOST 30099.

The stability of dining, children's and dressing tables is determined according to GOST 28793.

7.9 The stability, strength and deformability of the body, the strength of the main functional elements, the durability of the rolling bearings of cabinet furniture products are determined according to GOST 19882.

7.10 The strength, rigidity and durability of writing and magazine tables are determined in accordance with GOST 30212. The stability of tables is in accordance with GOST 28793.

7.11 The rigidity, strength and durability of fastening doors with vertical and horizontal axes of rotation are determined in accordance with GOST 19195.

7.12 The pushing force, strength and durability of the fastening of sliding doors, folding doors and curtain doors are determined in accordance with GOST 30209.

7.13 The strength of the body and the fastening of the hangers of wall products is determined according to GOST 28136.

7.14 The strength of decoy legs fastening is determined according to GOST 19194.

7.15 The pull-out force, strength and durability of drawers (half-drawers) of cabinet furniture and tables are determined in accordance with GOST 28105. Drawers with an area of less than 6 dm² are not tested.

7.16 Deflection of stationary rods, strength of rod holders, extension force, durability and strength of retractable rods are determined according to GOST 28102.

7.17 The stability and strength of tables used outdoors in campsites, residential and public areas is determined in accordance with GOST EN 581-3.

7.18 The levels of volatile chemicals released during the operation of furniture into the indoor air are determined in accordance with GOST 30255 or current national documents (methods for determining the concentration of specific chemicals) of the national sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities *.

________________
* In the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 16000-6-2007 and GOST R 53485-2009 apply.

7.19 The levels and methods for measuring the specific activity of radionuclides of cesium-137 in wood and wood-containing materials used for the manufacture of furniture are determined according to the current national standards *.

________________
* GOST R 50801-95 applies in the Russian Federation.

7.20 The levels of specific odors that occur during the operation of furniture in the premises are determined according to the current national regulations (methods and instructions) for determining the specific odor by the organoleptic method.

8 Transport and storage

8.1 Furniture is transported by all means of transport in covered vehicles as well as in containers.

Within one settlement, furniture is allowed to be transported by open vehicles, provided that it is protected from damage, pollution and precipitation.

8.2 Transportation is carried out in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for each mode of transport.

8.3 Furniture products must be stored in the sender's (recipient's) covered premises at a temperature not lower than +2°C and relative air humidity from 45% to 70%.

9 Manufacturer's warranties

9.1 The manufacturer guarantees that the furniture complies with the requirements of this standard subject to the conditions of transportation, storage, assembly (furniture supplied in disassembled form), operation.

9.2 Warranty period of operation of furniture: for children and for public premises - 18 months, for household furniture - 24 months.

9.3 The warranty period for retail sales through a distribution network is calculated from the date of sale of furniture, for non-market distribution - from the day it is received by the consumer.

Annex A (mandatory).
Types of furniture covered by this standard

Furniture is divided into types:

for operational purposes:
- Household furniture.
- Special furniture.
- Furniture for public spaces:
  - administrative premises: for offices (offices);
  - pharmacy;
  - library;
  - hotel;
  - preschool institutions;
  - laboratories;
  - medical (except for special furniture);
  - hostels, health resorts;
  - consumer services enterprises;
  - catering establishments;
  - communications enterprises, reading rooms.
- Furniture for sports facilities.
- Furniture for theater and entertainment enterprises.
- Furniture for vehicle waiting rooms.
by function:
- Furniture for work and eating (tables).
- Storage furniture (cabinet).
by constructive and technological features:
- All types of furniture specified in GOST 20400.

Annex B (mandatory).
The strength of the adhesive bond when facing surfaces and edges of furniture parts

Table B.1

Thickness of facing material, mm	Adhesive bond strength, kN/m (kgf/cm), not less than
Thickness of facing material, mm	Sliced veneer	Rotary cut veneer	Laminated plastic, edge plastic, plastic edge material
0,4	1,0 1,4	-	2,0
0,55	-	1,6 2,2	-
0,6	1,4 2,0	-	-
0,7	-	-	1,7* 3,0
0,75	-	2,0 2,8	-
0,8	1,7 2,5	-	2,3* -
0,9	-	-	2,5* 3,5
0,95	-	2,4 3,5	-
1,0	2,0 3,1	-	2,73,8
1,15	-	2,8 3,9	-
1,3	-	-	3,5 4,7
1,5	-	3,4 4,8	-
1,6	-	-	3,9 5,8
* The indicator of the strength of the adhesive bond when facing with imported plastic. Notes 1 The numerator indicates the strength of the adhesive bond when facing the layers, the denominator - the edges. 2 For furniture parts made of laminated boards and parts lined with polymer films with a thickness of more than 0.4 mm resistivity normal separation of the outer layer should be at least 0.8 MPa (for plates of grades A and U) and at least 0.6 MPa (for plates of grade B). 3 For a facing material with a thickness of less than 0.4 mm, the strength index is not determined due to the low rigidity of the material. The quality of the lining should be determined by the "knife cut" method in accordance with the regulatory documentation for this material.

Annex B (informative).
Standards for limiting wood defects for surfaces of parts lined with veneer

Table B.1

The defect of the wood
	under transparent cover			under an opaque finish	under lining and upholstery; invisible during operation
	front, working	other facial	internal visible	under an opaque finish	under lining and upholstery; invisible during operation
1 knots:					Allowed
	10	20	30	30
	Allowed size, mm, not more than:
	20	30	40	40
	For a part up to 1 m long inclusive, in quantity, pcs.:
	4*	6	No limit
	For a part with a length of more than 1 m in the amount, pcs.:
	8*	12	No limit
b) healthy with cracks, partially fused, not fused, falling out	Not allowed		Sizes up to 15 mm are not taken into account		Allowed
			Allowed no more than 40 mm in size
			in quantity not more than 2 pcs. per item
			Knot holes and healthy knots with cracks should be sealed with inserts or putty.
2 Cracks	Not allowed		Allowed length not more than 1/4 of the length of the part, width, mm, not more than:
			2	5	6
			in quantity, pcs., not more than:
			2	3	3

3 Defects in the structure of wood:	Allowed
a) the slope of the fibers, tortuosity, curl, eyes	Allowed
b) prorost	Not allowed		Allowed if sealed with inserts or putty
c) false nucleus	Allowed
d) pockets	Not allowed		Allowed if sealed with inserts or putty
e) internal sapwood, spotting			Allowed
e) roll, traction wood	Not allowed				Allowed
4 Chemical stains	Allowed subject to surface painting		Allowed
5 Fungal infections:	Allowed subject to surface painting		Allowed
6 Biological damage:
worm-hole	Not allowed		Allowed with a diameter of not more than 6 mm in the amount of not more than 2 pcs. on the part, subject to sealing with inserts or putty		Allowed
7 Mechanical damage:
a) risks	Not allowed		Allowed subject to sealing with putty		Allowed
b) scratches, tearing, dents	Not allowed				Allowed
* For the table top - no more than 12. Note - Wood defects not listed in Table B.1 are not allowed.

Table B.2

Standards for limiting wood defects for surfaces of solid wood parts

The defect of the wood	The norm of limiting defects for the surface
	under transparent cover		under an opaque coating, under a lining; invisible during operation
	facial	internal visible
1 knots:	Not taken into account by size, mm, not more than:
a) fused healthy light and dark	10	10	15
	Allowed size, mm, no more
	15	1/3 of part width or thickness	1/2 the width or thickness of the part, but not more than 50
			3 pcs. for parts up to 1 m long
			5 pieces. on a piece with a length of St. 1m
	Dark knots are allowed provided that the surface is painted
b) healthy with cracks, partially fused, falling out	Not allowed	Not taken into account by size, mm, not more than:
		5	10
		Allowed size, mm, not more than 1/3 of the width or thickness of the part
		1 PC. for parts up to 1 m long	2 pcs. for parts up to 1 m long
		2 pcs. on a piece with a length of St. 1m	3 pcs. on a piece with a length of St. 1m

2 Cracks	Not allowed	Allowed with a length of not more than 1/4 of the length of the part, a depth of not more than 3 mm and a width of up to 1.15 mm, 1 pc. per item	Allowed with a length of not more than 1/4 of the length of the part, a depth of not more than 3 mm and a width of up to 1.15 mm; 1 PC. for a piece up to 1 m long, 2 pcs., arranged in series, for a piece with a length of over. 1m
2 Cracks	Not allowed	subject to sealing with inserts or putty
3 Defects in the structure of wood:
a) the slope of the fibers	The deviation of the fibers from the longitudinal axis of the part is allowed no more than 7%
b) curl, curl	Allowed with a width of not more than 1/4 of the thickness or width of the part
c) eyes	Allowed
d) pockets	Not allowed		Allowed with a length of not more than 30 mm, a width of not more than 2 mm in the amount of 1 pc. for a part up to 0.5 m long, 4 pcs. on a piece with a length of St. 0.5 m subject to plugging
e) false core	Allowed
f) internal sapwood, spotting	Allowed subject to surface painting	Allowed
4 Fungal lesions:
fungal sound spots and stripes, sapwood mushroom stains, browning	Allowed subject to surface painting	Allowed
5 Biological Damage: Wormhole	Not allowed	Allowed surface with a diameter of not more than 3 mm in the amount of 1 pc. per item	Allowed surface in the number of considered non-united knots
5 Biological Damage: Wormhole	Not allowed	subject to sealing with corks or putty
6 Mechanical damage: risks, scratches	Not allowed		Allowed
7 Chemical stains	Allowed subject to surface painting	Allowed
Notes 1 The size of the knots is determined by the distance between the tangents to the contour of the knot, drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the part, 2 In the manufacture of furniture from oak according to orders and samples, it is allowed, in agreement with the customer, the presence of a "wormhole" defect without limitation in size and quantity and without sealing with inserts and putties on any surfaces of parts, as well as the use of blanks having healthy intergrown light and dark knots no larger than 1/2 of the width and thickness of the part, without limiting the number.

Annex D (informative).
Types of surfaces of furniture products

Figure D.1

Table D.1

Surface type	Characteristic
1 Visible surfaces	External and internal surfaces visible during operation
1.1 Faces	External surfaces of furniture products visible during normal use, including in the transformed position of the product
1.1.1 Front surfaces	Front outer vertical surfaces of cabinet furniture products, for example: outer panels of doors, front walls of outer drawers, decorative bars
1.1.2 Work surfaces	Surfaces of furniture products designed to perform any work, for example: the top surface of the table top, including the outer surfaces of inset and sliding boards dining tables, table-cabinet, cabinet for washing, toilet cabinet, sideboard, inner surfaces of the faces of hinged or retractable covers of secretaries, bars
1.1.3 Other front surfaces	Front surfaces that are not facade and (or) working surfaces, for example: outer surfaces of side walls, outer horizontal surfaces located at a height of up to 1700 mm, surfaces of open niches (side and rear walls, partitions, shelves, horizontal shields); interior surfaces of compartments glass doors in cabinets, sideboards, cabinets; surfaces of bar and secretary compartments (except for workers); plasti doors facing inward; surfaces of drawers and plinth boxes; external visible edges of side walls, shelves, horizontal panels, doors, front walls of external drawers, external visible surfaces of under-mirror shields of mirrors of dressing tables, cabinets
1.2 Interior visible surfaces	Internal surfaces of furniture products visible during use (except for internal surfaces classified as "other front"), for example: surfaces of compartments behind doors, including the edges of side walls, partitions, horizontal panels, shelves, drawers and half-drawers; the inner surfaces of the side walls and the inner surfaces of boxes and half boxes; door edges facing each other
2 Invisible surfaces	External and internal surfaces of furniture products that are not visible during operation
2.1 External non-visible surfaces	External surfaces of furniture products that are not visible during operation, for example: the outer surfaces of the rear walls of products placed against the wall, surfaces facing the ceiling, located at a height of more than 1700 mm; surfaces facing the floor, located at a height of not more than 650 mm; contacting surfaces of sections blocked in height and width in products, sets, headsets of a certain layout; reverse surfaces of table tops
2.2 Internal invisible surfaces	Internal surfaces of furniture products that are not visible during operation, for example: internal surfaces of cabinet compartments, tables and cabinets behind drawers; the outer surfaces of the back walls and bottoms of the drawers, the inner sides of the drawers
3 Surfaces with which people and objects come into contact during the operation of the furniture	Visible and invisible surfaces of furniture products, with which a person and (or) objects may come into contact during the operation of the products, for example: surfaces of compartments (containers) for storing objects; the lower edges of the tsarg or the lower plates of the drawer frames (shields) of dining, writing, dressing tables located above the knees of a person during the operation of furniture products

Bibliography

TP TS 025/2012 "On the safety of furniture products"

ISO 7170-2005* Furniture. Storage capacity. Test methods for strength and durability

ISO 7171-88* Furniture, Storage container. Method for determining stability

ISO 7172-88* Furniture. Tables. Methods for determining stability

________________
* The originals of international standards are located at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Standartinform" of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology.