Warming of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks from the outside. Insulation of the walls of a claydite-concrete house Is it necessary to insulate claydite-concrete blocks of 40 cm

Houses built from expanded clay concrete blocks are budget option in individual construction.

Exterior view of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks

This is due to the low cost and strength of the material. Buildings are much lighter than brick ones - for their construction, invested foundations are used. You can lay the blocks with your own hands. However, often in the first winter, the owners also think about the fact that the walls do not “keep” heat very well. Insulation of walls made of expanded clay concrete wall blocks from the inside or outside becomes a solution to the problem.

Features of blocks and the need for insulation

Seeming at first glance as "warm", expanded clay concrete is actually not such - the thermal conductivity, depending on the amount of filler (expanded clay), ranges from 0.15 to 0.45 W / mGrad. Based on this, in different regions countries, the thickness of the walls according to GOST is from 40 to 80 cm. There is no need to talk about savings.

Important! Products with low thermal conductivity contain a greater percentage of expanded clay, are fragile and fragile. It is forbidden to build houses higher than two floors of them.

The porous structure contributes to high heat transfer and water absorption (up to 50%;) if the structure is not protected from exposure climatic conditions.

Thus, a block house must be insulated. Among the advantages of the material, the absence of shrinkage is noted - it is possible immediately after the completion of construction.

Warming methods

It is good if the owner thought about the thermal insulation of the dwelling at the design stage. This expands the choice of insulation and methods of its application.

There are three approaches to thermal insulation of buildings:

1. Masonry insulation. In this case, the heat insulator is laid between the bearing and facade (finishing) walls.
2. Installing a layer of thermal insulation on the inner surfaces of the walls during finishing or when overhaul premises.
3. External installation of insulation on a wall of expanded clay concrete blocks.

Insulation during the construction phase

Blocks are an unsightly option and outer wall rarely left unfinished. The laying of the outer layer of finishing bricks can be combined with insulation. In this case, thermal insulation is laid between the bearing and decorative parts of the masonry.

For insulation use:

• Expanded clay;
• Styrofoam;
• Expanded polyurethane foam.

Expanded clay is a natural material obtained by sintering special types of clay. No additives are used in the manufacture. The material at the construction stage is simply poured into the gap between the walls.

Expanded clay, covered between the bearing wall and facade decoration

The advantages include environmental friendliness and low price. Among the shortcomings are not the best indicators for thermal conductivity and hygroscopicity.

Expanded polystyrene for construction is of two types. Foamed - a polystyrene familiar to everyone, and extruded - a material known under the names Penoplex, etc.

In terms of thermal conductivity, these materials are the same, but the price of the latter is 2-3 times higher. However, penoplex for laying inside walls is rarely used, since in a place closed from the effects of climatic conditions, it does not have any advantages.

Installation of plates does not cause difficulties - they are simply put between bricks.

The material is environmentally friendly and non-flammable. The foam damping time after the exposure to open fire has ceased is 4 seconds. Toxic styrene from polystyrene is released when the plates are heated to 80 ° C, which is possible only in case of fire. However, the insulation is in a "packed" form, so it is quite safe.

Another option for using foam is filling cavities with granules. This is the same foam, but not in plates, but in the form of balls (in bulk). The price of granules is 2000 rubles. per cubic meter.

It is worth noting that expanded polystyrene foam is produced in 3 types, differing in density PSB-15, 25, 35. The numbers in the marking indicate the approximate mass of a cubic meter of material. The price directly depends on the density - 1500 rubles of density 15 and 3900 rubles. for 35 kg/m 3 . They produce foam plastic with a thickness of 10 to 200 mm. AT retail more common material with a thickness of 30, 40, 50 and 100 mm. However, plates of any thickness can be ordered from the manufacturer.

Important! Styrofoam with a density index of 15 kg / m3 cannot bear the load, it cannot be plastered, but it is excellent as an inner layer in masonry.

Penoplex is produced with a specific gravity of 35 to 80 kg / m 3. The price of extruded polystyrene is 4500 r / 3, but it has no advantages as an inter-brick layer and is rarely used.

Basalt wool is a modern insulation. Products are produced by sintering rock with the addition of fillers. Environmental friendliness and beneficial features I make stone wool a popular insulation. They are produced in the form of plates with a specific gravity of 30 to 200 kg / m 3. Thermal insulation properties are close to polystyrene, but cotton wool has vapor permeability - the walls will "breathe". When heated, some products may release phenol and formaldehyde, but the use inside sealed walls will not affect the health of residents. Just like polystyrene, the release of toxic substances occurs when heated. Installation consists in laying between layers of bricks.

Basalt wool in masonry

Another option to insulate the masonry is to use polyurethane foam. The material is introduced between the load-bearing and facade walls through the drilled holes, and after hardening it looks like glue-foam. The method is rarely used due to the high cost - it is necessary to use special equipment. It is impossible to make insulation on your own.

The cost of polyurethane foam in sheets is high, so there is no financial benefit for its use.

Thermal insulation of masonry with polyurethane

The advantage of the material is the lowest thermal conductivity, but the cost nullifies all the advantages.

Comparative table of heaters for laying between walls.

Material	Characteristics
	Thermal conductivity, W/(m*K)	Density, kg / m 3	Price, m 3
Expanded clay	0,1-0,18	200-400, depending on faction	1300-2500, the larger the fraction, the cheaper
Polyfoam PSB-S-15	0,04	11-12	1500
Styrofoam granules	0,045	9-12	2000
Penoplex	0,032-0,038	35-70	4800
Basalt wool	0,035-0,04	35-200	1700-5200 depending on density
Polyurethane	0,019-0,03	50-300	9000-16000, The average price for insulation with a layer of 50 mm is 500-1600 rubles / m 2

Thermal insulation from the inside

Warming the walls of the house from the inside is an extremely undesirable option. When installing insulation inside the building, the dew point shifts from the walls into the room, the “thermos effect” appears. Condensation may appear on the walls, finishes, for example, wallpaper, get wet and peel off, mold and fungus appear on the walls. Multiple freezing cycles of blocks lead to their destruction - the manufacturer provides 50-220 such freeze-thaw cycles. After reconstruction, the useful area of ​​the premises will decrease by the thickness of the insulation and finishing.

The use of internal thermal insulation is justified in cases where:

• Completed construction and decoration of the facade;
• the house is rarely used, the heating is turned off during the absence of the owners. When heating devices are connected, the room warms up quickly, since brick walls do not warm up. Internal insulation is the best option for cottages and guest houses;
• it is impossible to make insulation of external walls - for example, a dwelling, in a block building, is located in an apartment building.

Other advantages of this method are:

• the possibility of carrying out work at any time of the year;
• there is no need to install scaffolding to work at height.

materials

As internal insulation choose materials with low moisture absorption. For example, plates from mineral wool.

When choosing a technology, it is necessary to provide for gaps between the insulation and the finish. For example, it is desirable to mount drywall or MDF panels on a galvanized profile frame.

Styrofoam insulation indoors

The properties of foam and foam plastic are described above.

Foil polyethylene weighs up to 60 kg / m3, while the thermal conductivity is comparable to foam plastic, about 0.03 W / (m * K). The advantage lies in its property not to absorb moisture and ease of installation on its own. Slightly worse properties without foil layer.

Installation of thermal insulation from the inside

To make thermal insulation of the inner surface of the walls is within the power of any master who knows how to handle power tools.

Action algorithm:

1. A foil insulation is laid on the surface of the wall, fixing it with dowels. It is important that the caps, dowel-nails are wide - like "fungus".

Foil insulation

Important! Installation of foam plastic is carried out after installing the frame under finishing.

1. They attach a galvanized profile crate to the wall for finishing with drywall or various modifications of siding. Horizontal distances and vertical distances between lags are selected based on the finishing material. For drywall - according to the size of the sheets, for siding, plastic or MDF panels no more than 50-60 cm between horizontal profiles. Sheets of foam must be included between the profiles "in tightness".
2. When installing the crate, a gap of 1-2 cm is provided for the insulation after the installation of the finishing material.
3. Carry out the installation of drywall or siding.
4. Finished with plaster surface. If you used drywall, or glue the corners on the MDF panels.

Important! Using roll materials, it is necessary to make an overlap at the junction of the outer walls to the ceiling and internal partitions.

External insulation

To insulate the facades of houses is the best of the proposed options:

• After finishing, the building acquires a well-groomed appearance;
• The dew point moves closer to the outside of the block;
• It is possible to use any type of insulation without the risk of harming the health of residents;
• Internal premises do not lose useful area;

The disadvantages include:

• Additional costs for steam and waterproofing;
• Impossibility of work in the cold season.

Materials for insulation of external walls

About qualities and characteristics different types polystyrene, basalt wool and polyurethane described above. Often, mineral or glass wool is used for insulation, formed into separate sheets or packed in rolls.

The main advantage of these materials is the democratic price. However, saving is not worth it. Mineral wool has a high rate of moisture absorption, shrinks and thins with poor waterproofing, while losing part of the thermal insulation properties.

Mineral wool as a heater for the facade

The disadvantage of glass wool is the difficulty in installation - it is necessary to use skin and respiratory protection due to the small volatile fraction that scatters even when touching the mat.

In terms of thermal conductivity, the materials are inferior to stone wool, moreover, they lose some of their properties over time.

Types of external thermal insulation

There are two fundamental different ways carrying out external thermal insulation of walls:

1. Wet. Insulation sheets are glued to the walls and plastered. During operation, thermal insulation is influenced by external weather conditions.
2. The dry method, or ventilated facade, involves waterproofing the insulation and finishing with panel materials.

wet way

This type of insulation involves the use of foam, foam, stone wool.

Structural composition of the "wet" facade

Action algorithm:

1. Align the walls, sealing the recesses, the seams between the blocks, removing the influx of the masonry mixture.
2. They level the walls with plaster in case of poor-quality masonry, treat the surface with a deep penetration primer for outdoor work.
3. Glue is applied to the surface of the thermal insulation sheets, choosing its type based on the manufacturer's recommendations.

Important! Styrofoam with a density of 15 kg / m3 is not suitable for wet thermal insulation - it is not designed for load. Use material marked PSB-S-25, which involves plastering.

1. Glue the sheets to the wall surface. After the solution has dried, the insulation is additionally strengthened with dowels with wide caps.
2. Adhesive plaster is applied in a thin layer on the insulation.
3. A plaster mesh for outdoor use is laid on the surface of the sheets and melted into the initial layer of glue.
4. Finishing plaster is carried out, choosing mixtures for external use or, for example, a mixture of "bark beetle".
5. After drying, paint the surface with facade paints.

Dry way

Such insulation will require the installation of a crate, the use of vapor and waterproofing membranes.

"Dry". Ventilated facade

Work order:

• Close up the seams in the masonry, remove the remains of the masonry mixture with a pick.
• Reinforce the vapor barrier layer on the wall.
• The frame is mounted based on the dimensions of the thermal insulation sheets and the finishing material.
• Lay sheets of thermal insulation between the crate.
• A waterproofing membrane is nailed to the frame using slats 10-20 mm thick - they will provide a gap for facade decoration.
• Install the finish.

AT Last year appeared the new kind building material for facade decoration - insulated tiles, consisting of two layers.

The outer layer is made of concrete or plastic - it performs a protective and decorative function, imitating wood or stone. The inner layer is foam. Two materials are "tightly" glued together.

Warm tiles for the facade

Installation is carried out on flat surface, gluing the tiles and fixing with dowels. According to the characteristics, the material is close to polystyrene, but does not need exterior finish. The price for such a tile is still quite high, from 500 r / m2, which is caused by small production volumes.

Expanded clay walls in the construction of private houses - a profitable solution for individual developers. However, the house will take on a finished look, and inside it will become more comfortable after thermal insulation. An additional plus will be a significant reduction in the cost of heating, which will “beat off” the costs in a few years. Installation of thermal insulation is within the power of any person and with a minimum amount of building skills.

Master of Architecture, graduated from the Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.

It is important to ensure proper thermal insulation of the house. This will prevent premature destruction of load-bearing structures and reduce heating costs. There are many products for creating wall fences on the building materials market. All of them have different thermal insulation properties. Further, the question is considered whether it is necessary to insulate expanded clay concrete external walls and how to carry it out.

Characteristics of the material in terms of thermal engineering

The thermal conductivity of a material is highly dependent on its density. Among claydite stones, the following classification can be given:

Comparative characteristics thermal insulation properties various materials

• structural materials - density 1200 - 1800 kg / m3;
• structural and heat-insulating - density 500-1000 kg / m3.

The thermal conductivity of structural materials is comparable to conventional ceramic brick, therefore, according to heat engineering, the wall must have a sufficiently large thickness. Structural and heat-insulating types have characteristics similar to "warm" porous ceramics. In this case, the thickness of the walls of the house turns out to be smaller, but for private housing construction it can be further reduced through the use of effective heaters.

Thermal insulation materials

Manufacturers now offer enough a large assortment heat insulators. To protect the walls, you can use:

• mineral wool (plates and mats);
• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
• polyurethane foam;
• ecowool;
• "warm" plaster.

The most common of these methods were mineral wool and expanded polystyrenes (polystyrene and polystyrene foam). Their thermal insulation characteristics are approximately equal.

Thermal engineering calculation

When buying blocks, the manufacturer must always indicate their properties. The calculation is the thickness, for its implementation you will need such a characteristic as thermal conductivity. There are two ways to perform this calculation:

• "manually";
• using special programs.

Reduced heat transfer resistance of a wall made of expanded clay concrete compared to other materials

It is not difficult to perform an independent calculation, but for a person who does not have a construction education, it can cause difficulties. It is best to use not complex program"Teremok", which operates in two modes:

• calculation of the thickness of one of the layers of the wall structure;
• checking the resistance to heat transfer, if the thickness is already selected.

To work with the software, you will need the following initial data:

• thermal conductivity of expanded clay concrete blocks;
• block width;
• thermal conductivity of the insulation;
• insulation thickness (not needed if the program is being used in the first mode).

Having picked up the values, you can start warming the wall of the house.

Work production technology

First of all, you need to determine which side to fix the material. Insulating a wall of expanded clay concrete blocks from the outside is the most competent solution. It is possible to carry out work from the inside, but only if fixing the heat insulator from the outside causes great inconvenience and leads to an increase in labor and financial costs.

The process of protecting the walls with insulation depends on its type. For different materials, the technology has slight differences, so it is worth considering each of them separately.

Scheme of wall insulation from expanded clay concrete blocks with mineral wool

Mineral wool is attached to a pre-installed frame. Work should be done in the following order:

• cleaning the surface of the wall;
• fixing the vapor barrier;
• frame installation;
• installation of a heater;
• waterproofing;
• finishing of the facade with the provision of an air-ventilated layer, at least 5 cm thick.

The layer is needed to drain condensate from the insulation, which loses its properties when wet.

Styrofoam and foam

The fastening of materials is carried out in the same way. The order of the layers is the same as in the previous case, the only difference is that the installation of the frame and the presence of a ventilated layer are not required. Penoplex is resistant to moisture, so you can do without vapor barrier. Fastening outside the wall of a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is carried out simultaneously in two ways:

• on a special glue for polystyrene foam;
• on the dowel.

The scheme of wall insulation from expanded clay concrete blocks with expanded polystyrene

First you should cut the sheets, then try them on in size. After that, glue is applied to the material. Styrofoam should be glued with dressing so that there are no extended vertical seams. As soon as gluing is completed, the thermal insulation outside the house is additionally fixed with plastic dowels.

The technology of building walls from expanded clay concrete usually involves laying in two blocks. As a result, the thickness of the walls does not exceed 40 cm. This is absolutely not enough to provide high-quality thermal insulation. Therefore, owners have to spend a lot of money on heating their homes or endure less than optimal conditions in it in winter.

Why carry out thermal insulation of a house made of expanded clay concrete

It cannot be denied that expanded clay concrete blocks have many advantages. One of the most serious is strength. Expanded clay concrete allows you to build reliable and durable buildings, while not spending too much money. But with regard to thermal insulation characteristics, this material does not behave in the best way.

It is possible to lay additional thermal insulation, you can significantly save on heating and reduce the thickness of the walls. It is desirable that materials with a thickness of at least 10 cm are used for insulation. The simplest method is to fix ordinary foam plastic from the side of the facade. But it is important to check that there are no seams between the sheet materials.

How is the insulation of a house made of expanded clay concrete

Along with such an advantage as strength, expanded clay concrete blocks also show frost resistance and the ability to repel water. Due to this, it is possible to use different variants creating a thermal insulation layer. But in order for the insulation to still turn out to be of high quality and durable, with any method of its creation, the heat-insulating material must be protected from the outside with a vapor barrier. It is especially important that insulation materials that can intensively absorb moisture be covered with vapor barrier materials. If there is a decent vapor barrier, the danger of reducing their thermal insulation characteristics will disappear.

What situations are possible

There are two options for the installation of expanded clay concrete masonry, which seriously affect the thermal insulation measures. It is worth considering them so that you can choose the most successful method of warming a house from expanded clay concrete blocks.

1. External cladding no facade

We are talking about a situation where we are dealing only with a wall of expanded clay concrete blocks 40 cm thick. From the outside there are no facing materials. In this case, it is possible to increase the thermal insulation capabilities of the walls by laying a brick cladding. Then, between the expanded clay walls and the brickwork, it will be possible to place a heater.

Although the effectiveness of this approach to warming is very high, it is still rarely resorted to. This is primarily due to the high cost of facing materials. brickwork it will not work to build on their own, and this forces the owners to make additional costs. Therefore, more often they turn to another method of thermal insulation of expanded clay concrete walls, devoid of external cladding.

As a good option, one can name the laying of insulation with the subsequent installation of facing panels. The role of the latter can be lining, plastic or metal siding, and so on. Styrofoam is quite suitable as a heater. But it must be laid in two layers, if the thickness of each is 5 cm. The foam is placed so that the seams of the second layer do not coincide with the seams of the first layer.

Once the insulation is in place, the siding is installed. Under it must be laid vertical guide profiles that form the frame. in addition to foam, as thermal insulation material mineral wool and others can be used basalt insulation. But such a thermal insulation layer must be protected with a vapor barrier.

And there is another method of warming that can be implemented in this case. It consists in the fact that the glued slab insulation is covered decorative plaster. Under the slab insulation is meant polystyrene, polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam. They are easy to glue to the surface, then secure with dowels in the form of fungi.

2. The facade is additionally lined with facing bricks

Most often, buyers of unfinished houses face this situation. In this case, the walls of expanded clay concrete are additionally lined with bricks. But in the layer between the materials there is no insulation. Then you can try to process the walls with polyurethane foam. The procedure begins with making holes in the wall. A polyurethane mixture is fed through them, which then expands and fills all the cracks.

The use of polyurethane foam is associated with a large number of advantages. Such material is not afraid of rodents, copes with moisture, and cannot be affected by mold. The only difficulty is that this kind of material is expensive. Its laying should be entrusted to professionals who have special equipment. It also forces you to make additional expenses.

How to insulate a house from expanded clay concrete

If the owner has chosen a method for performing thermal insulation, he will need to choose a suitable insulation. A claydite-concrete house can be protected from the cold with a variety of heat-insulating materials. These are considered the most successful.

1. Mineral wool

The most serious plus of mineral wool is environmental friendliness. When insulating a house made of expanded clay concrete from the outside, such material is especially well suited. It is able to counteract the spread of fire, prevents heat loss. The most important thing is that in the process of thermal insulation work, mineral wool is also covered with vapor barrier.

2. Styrofoam for facade insulation

The main advantage of polystyrene as a heat-insulating material is its cheapness. But on the other hand, this insulation can burn and is often spoiled by insects. In the case of using foam, it is imperative to cover the heat-insulating layer with a reinforced mesh. Then birds, small animals and other pests will not get to the heater.

3. Penoplex as a material for insulation

To some extent, penoplex is similar to polystyrene. But it is more durable, copes well with moisture, is not interesting for insects, it is very easy to mount penoplex. There are no significant gaps between adjacent plates of such material. Experts believe that it is penoplex that is best used to insulate the facade of a house made of expanded clay concrete.

Internal insulation of a building made of expanded clay blocks

Builders agree that it is not very good to insulate a claydite-concrete house from the inside correct solution. The main reason to think this way should be called the occurrence of the danger of condensation on the walls of the building. This is due to the dew point shift. Also, an obvious problem is that the expanded clay walls will freeze through.

It follows from this that for internal insulation it is better to use some dense material with a large vapor barrier. In order to ensure the insulation and protection of walls made of expanded clay concrete from the inside, professionals advise using ordinary plaster. Suitable for both plaster and cement mortar. But there are still differences between these materials.

1. Gypsum plaster. Its mass is less, and the thermal insulation capabilities are higher. But the obvious disadvantage should be considered low adhesion gypsum plaster and expanded clay concrete. Therefore, the owner will have to carefully prepare the surface first.

2. Cement-sand plaster. It is well suited for insulating walls made of expanded clay blocks, since it has exactly the same composition as this material. In addition, cement-sand plaster fits so well that it closes up all the cracks present in the walls.

Using the most successful technology for insulating a house from expanded clay concrete blocks, the owner will definitely get an excellent result. He just needs to remember that high-quality insulation requires a careful approach. By choosing the wrong material or laying it in the wrong way, the owner risks worsening the general condition of the house and reducing its operational period.

The choice of insulation for claydite block video

Expanded clay blocks relatively recently appeared on the market as a building material, so not everyone knows about their qualities. Expanded clay concrete stands out among other currently existing building materials with its strength, frost resistance, low thermal conductivity, rapid erection and durability. Thanks to these many positive qualities he deserved his popularity in the construction market.

Order expanded clay concrete blocks on favorable terms by calling us at:

or submit an application via .

Using expanded clay concrete blocks in the construction of houses, an important question may arise - do the walls need to be insulated and what building material is better to choose for warming a house made of expanded clay concrete. Let us consider in detail all the nuances of this issue.

Is it necessary to insulate a house from expanded clay block

Most often, when erecting the walls of a house from expanded clay concrete blocks, they are placed in two rows, due to which the thickness of the wall structure is 40 centimeters. For significant financial savings on heating a house from expanded clay block in winter time, the issue of thermal insulation of the wall should be decided in advance, even at the stage of planning the future construction of the wall of the house, since expanded clay concrete is not the warmest building material when building walls. For walls 40 centimeters thick, in order for the thermal insulation to be of high quality, its thickness must be at least 10 centimeters.

What materials to make thermal insulation of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks

Insulation of the facade of the house with mineral wool

Among experienced builders there is an opinion that it is better to use mineral wool to insulate a claydite-concrete house. Its main advantages are safety for health, as it is made from natural mineral components. Mineral wool has low thermal conductivity and is also safe in case of fire. But when it is used for insulation of expanded clay blocks, it is required to protect it from moisture with waterproofing membranes.

Application as a foam insulation for houses made of expanded clay concrete block

As a thermal protection, you can use the most common and less expensive material - foam. It is necessary to mount it on the glue on the outside of the wall, while tightly laying the foam polystyrene plates, and, if necessary, sealing the seams formed between them with mounting foam. It must also be remembered that this type of insulation can be damaged by rodents and small birds. In the case of its use, it is necessary to sheathe the facade with siding or plaster, in order to avoid damage to it. The main advantage of this type of insulation, such as foam, is its low cost and ease of use.

The method of warming a house from expanded clay block with foam plastic

Compared to expanded polystyrene, foam plastic has a denser and more durable structure. Also, extruded polystyrene foam is safe for human health and is not affected by moisture. This material weighs a little and is easily mounted on a facade of expanded clay concrete. In our opinion, he is one of the best materials for insulation of building structures.
Thermal insulation of the facade of the house from expanded clay concrete blocks from the outside
There are several options for warming the house from the outside, from the inside and with the help of facing masonry. Below we will consider all these options in more detail.

40 centimeter walls made of expanded clay block without facing masonry

From the outside, it is possible to insulate the facade of expanded clay concrete using the use of facing masonry, i.e. lay foam between the blocks and the brick, leaving a ventilated gap for ventilation. This method of insulation is effective, but highly costly, due to the complexity of the work performed and the need to attract specialized masons. As a result, it is rarely used in practice. There are ways to insulate houses from expanded clay concrete blocks that you can apply yourself, without hiring qualified specialists.

One such option is the installation of foam boards, having a thickness of at least five centimeters, in two rows, so that the second row covers the joints of the first row. Then the siding is attached to the mounted vertical rails. As an insulating material, you can use not only expanded polystyrene and penoplex, but also basalt mineral wool insulation, after taking care of their protection with a vapor barrier film.

And another way to insulate walls made of expanded clay concrete from the outside is to use foam plastic of the desired density or foam plastic with a layer on top of them facade plaster. After fixing plate insulation on glue with the additional use of dowel-fungi, the entire surface is covered with a paint grid, and then puttied with decorative plaster.

Walls made of expanded clay concrete block with a thickness of 40 centimeters with facing masonry

If there is no insulation between the claydite blocks and the facing masonry, then in order to reduce heating costs in winter period time, it is necessary to insulate the walls from the inside. Polyurethane foam (PPU) can easily cope with this task. To do this, holes are drilled in the wall, and using a special installation, polyurethane foam is poured into them. After pouring into the wall, the PPU expands as polyurethane foam, and creates a continuous layer of insulation, replacing the air gap. Using this method, you can protect yourself from dampness and keep warm in the house during the cold period of time. But this material has a high cost and its use is possible only with the use of special equipment, which entails additional costs. This is the main disadvantage in using this method for insulation of a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks with facing masonry. Therefore, even at the stage of erecting walls from expanded clay blocks, you should not leave voids between the wall and the facing masonry, but immediately take care of the insulation from polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam.

Ways to insulate a house from expanded clay concrete blocks from the inside

The use of heat-insulating materials from the inside as a finish of expanded clay concrete blocks is not the most the best option, since there is a possibility of a dew point in the wall. So that the wall does not freeze, and condensation and moisture do not form on its surface, it is best to insulate it from the outside. But, if there is no possibility to insulate expanded clay concrete blocks from the outside, then plaster can be used as insulation of the house from the inside. In its composition, it is a dense material and has a large vapor barrier, which gives good insulation and protects the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks from the inside. Plaster can be either gypsum or cement-sand. There are differences in the use of these two solutions for the insulation of expanded clay concrete blocks. Let's take a closer look at which ones:

• Gypsum plaster

This type of plaster has a smaller mass, and, accordingly, its thermal insulation is higher. It should also be mentioned that gypsum plaster has its own drawback, namely, poor adhesion to the wall of expanded clay concrete. To use it, it will be necessary to additionally treat the walls with a primer, which will increase the adhesive characteristics of gypsum plaster.

• Cement-sand plaster

It is well suited as a material for insulating expanded clay concrete walls, as it has the same composition with expanded clay concrete blocks. Cement-sand plaster easily penetrates into the pores existing on expanded clay concrete blocks, which creates an ideal coating and provides a good barrier against moisture penetration.

And in conclusion, we recall that in order to obtain good thermal insulation houses from expanded clay concrete blocks and at the same time save money on heating in the cold season, you need to use only quality material for thermal insulation of the walls of the house, and also do not forget about the insulation strip foundation and floor coverings. To do this, you need to carefully and correctly approach this issue. Indeed, with the wrong choice of heat-insulating material and violation of the rules and regulations for its installation, there is a high probability that the quality of the house will deteriorate and its service life will decrease.

Today, one of the most popular materials in the construction industry is expanded clay concrete.

A claydite block house can have any architectural style and look attractive both inside and out.

The advantages of expanded clay blocks include:

• light weight and low load on the foundation (expanded clay weighs half as much as a brick);
• excellent vapor permeability (walls breathe);
• high strength;
• speed of installation;
• immunity to mold and fungi;
• low cost.

Features of insulation of expanded clay blocks

Expanded clay blocks occupy one of the leading positions in the construction of the capital. Due to the local climate, minimal insulation can be used.

When insulating a house made of expanded clay from the outside, the main thing is to follow some recommendations:

• insulating the house outside is much more efficient than inside (dew does not occur inside the premises, the thermal circuit of the house is not disturbed);
• house insulation using the “wet” or ventilated facade technology saves money (thermal insulation is fixed together with the cladding, which reduces costs and time required for finishing);
• due to the high vapor permeability of expanded clay blocks, it is better to insulate them with mineral wool (or polystyrene), and not with polystyrene foam.

There are different options for insulating a house from this material from the outside.

Most in a simple way is "wet" when foam boards are glued to the facade or stone wool. A reinforcing mesh is glued on top, and all this is covered with decorative plaster.

Depending on climatic conditions, such a lining lasts two to five years.

A more expensive and reliable way to insulate a expanded clay house from the outside is a ventilated facade.

It requires quite large material investments, but then it does not need to be repaired and maintained.

Installation is carried out as follows: a crate, insulation is attached to the walls, and then all this is covered with a cladding, which can be siding, clinker bricks, corrugated board, blockhouse, sandwich panels, lining, porcelain stoneware or glass.

Regardless of the chosen cladding, an air gap must remain between it and the insulation.

Warming technology

The main problem that can be encountered when insulating a house made of expanded clay is the possibility of partial collapse of the walls.

Therefore, a lot depends on the type of insulation chosen and the technology of insulation.

First of all, you need to make sure that the walls are stable, calculate the necessary load on the facade. You also need to first consider the thickness of the insulation.

Claydite block walls are three times less dense than a brick facade, so they should not be over-insulated.

I must say that expanded clay itself is a fairly warm material, therefore, if the walls reach a thickness of 70 centimeters, then there is no point in additional insulation.

Warming with mineral wool

Warming of the house with mineral wool is carried out according to the following technology.

First, the facade walls are prepared. When insulating a house from expanded clay, it is very important to clean the surface of dirt and oil.

Then the mineral wool is fixed: a special adhesive solution and then the insulation is glued to the facade.

When the glue dries, the plates are additionally fixed to special dowels with wide caps. Then the mineral wool is reinforced with a special mesh.

This allows you to protect the insulation, strengthen the entire structure and reduce further expansion of the facade.

First, the solution is applied to mineral wool slabs, then the mesh is embedded in it.

When the reinforcing mortar hardens, it must be cleaned with a plastic float and you can proceed to the decorative cladding.

Foam insulation

Foam plastic can also be used as a heater for a house made of expanded clay blocks.

Warming is carried out using the same technology: preparing the walls, cleaning the facade from old plaster, dust and oil, priming, fixing plates with glue and dowels and reinforcement.

In the case of choosing foam as a heater, two points must be considered:

1. Since expanded clay is highly vapor permeable, it is necessary to select "breathing" heat-insulating materials;
2. Rodents love to settle in foam. To prevent this from happening, it must be concreted.

A few more moments

Regardless of which insulation you choose - polystyrene or mineral wool - when using the "ventilated facade" technology, make sure that the birds do not make a nest in the facade, otherwise all the thermal insulation will be pecked and damaged.

It is better to insulate the house from the outside so that the dew point does not shift between inner surface walls and insulation.

This will lead to the accumulation of condensate and serious destruction of expanded clay blocks.

From the inside, it is better to simply plaster them. Then the heat loss through the cracks will disappear.

If you approach the process of external insulation of the house carefully and diligently, you can immediately solve several problems: thermal insulation, sound insulation, heating costs and an attractive exterior.

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