To insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside - materials and sequence of work. How and with what to insulate the wall of the apartment from the inside? Insulation for the interior walls of the apartment

Today, many experts are of the opinion that warming a house from the inside harms it more than it benefits. But there are ways to insulate a home that can really make it much more comfortable and cozy. But before choosing this type of insulation, it is better to understand what it is and why experts do not recommend it.

The essence and problems of internal insulation

When insulating a house from the inside, you need to take into account some features.

Most experts really believe that it is worth insulating a house inside only in extreme cases, advising insulation from the outside. What is meant in this case by the word "within"? This refers to the direct coating of the walls of rooms with any materials. And if floors, ceilings and some other areas can be easily insulated, it is with the insulation of walls that a lot of problems arise.

The main difficulty is the transition of the wall surface to the cold zone. Usually, if there is no thermal insulation, the warm air from the room passes through the walls, heating them. If insulation is laid from the inside, air masses will collide with them, not being able to go outside. All walls in this case remain cold, and there is a risk of cracks.

For this reason alone, it is worth considering whether it is necessary to insulate private house from the inside instead of insulation from the outside. It is logical: why waste money and your strength, if as a result you can only get cracked walls and a cold room? But this is only part of the difficulty. In addition to damage to the insulated surfaces, there is condensate and other troubles that will appear after a minimum time if at least a small mistake is made during the insulation work.

About building materials

Mineral wool as a heater is well suited for insulation wooden house.

However, even despite all the shortcomings, it is increasingly being decided to insulate a wooden or brick private house from the inside. For the sake of warm winters and their comfort, the owners are ready to take risks. To reduce the likelihood of an unpleasant outcome, you need to carefully study the isolation technology, all its nuances.

Today, in all the variety of heaters, three can be especially distinguished:

• extruded polystyrene foam (foam or polystyrene);
• mineral wool;
• wood fiber boards.

The first two materials, widely used to insulate the facade of buildings from the outside, fit almost identically, but there are some subtleties in using the third option. That is why it is worth considering two ways to insulate a private house from the inside.

Wall covering with mineral wool and foam

Mineral wool and polystyrene are also suitable for insulation. brick house from within.

There are two options for laying these materials. One of them, the standard one, repeats all stages of wall insulation from the outside: laying slabs on a pre-cleaned surface, mechanical fixing, reinforcement and subsequent decoration. It is this method of insulation that leads to the problems described above. More condensation accumulates on the walls, cracks appear faster, plus the house loses footage that can be used more successfully.

The second option for warming with mineral wool or polystyrene foam is the most successful. At the first stage, a special wooden or metal carcass. It is in it that the heater is laid. Perhaps this design is similar to the previous one, but there are differences that allow you to control what is happening inside, avoiding difficulties, because insulating materials are not “tightly” mounted to the wall.

Advice! You can create removable panels with which it is easy to observe the occurrence of condensate and protect foam or mineral wool from it.

fibreboard

Before starting work on the insulation of a panel house from the inside, study the technology.

Fiberboard is a fairly common material that is used for various purposes, including for finishing houses outside. It is for them that it is better to insulate buildings because of their excellent insulating characteristics and the ability to absorb noise. Often, owners of private houses want not only to make a wooden or brick house warm, but also to protect it from extraneous sounds. Wood fiber boards are great for this, combining both properties and providing an opportunity to save money.

You can cut and process the edges of the plates with any available tools, which makes the finishing options very diverse. Their installation is also very simple: it can be done correctly and simply by nailing with long (more than 35 mm) nails.

Advice! It is better to use 16-18 fasteners per plate.

Dural plates are placed under the nail heads. Driving should be done correctly in a checkerboard pattern.

Advice! It is better to drown the fastener heads a little in the insulation so that they do not stick out.

Important! If the walls of the house are plastered, fiberboard can not be nailed, but glued to PVA or special mastic.

The method of insulating the walls of a private house with wood fiber boards is quite good, but also does not guarantee that there will be no problems in the future. That is why experts advise to insulate houses from the outside. But this method also has its merits. One of them is the possibility of laying electrical cables inside the surface.

Important! For cables, special grooves must be installed in advance.

Ceiling surface insulation

Ceilings are almost always included in the set of home insulation works, since it is through the roof that a wooden or brick house loses a greater percentage of heat. It is quite difficult to insulate it correctly using the same fiberboard, since the material must be lifted and an aluminum support made for it.

About floors

If the ceiling of the lower floor is well insulated, the floors of the second and subsequent floors will always remain warm. On the first floor, the floor must be properly insulated so that the house, especially if it is panel, does not receive cold from the basement.

All floor insulation options are also based on fibreboard, which in this case are used with other materials in combination. For example, before laying fiberboard, you can cover the floor with roofing material, after dismantling the existing coating. If the owners do not want to bother with this, the option is used with insulation from the outside with special carpets. They are coated with a special substance that retains dust and at the same time simplifies cleaning.

Important! When using carpeting, fiberboard is still necessary. They are nailed to the floor, after which they are processed with an adhesive mass.

At the same time, it is correct to apply the glue not over the entire area, but in strips a few centimeters wide.

Advice! For better adhesion of surfaces, carpets can be pressed with boards for a day.

utepleniedoma.com

Warming the house from the inside - the correct order of work

If you properly insulate the house from the inside, you can significantly reduce energy costs for heating (especially in the northern regions). Therefore, it makes no sense to save on this aspect. This article will discuss in detail how to do this procedure with your own hands.

We analyze the features of internal thermal insulation

You can talk endlessly about the advantages of insulation on the facade. However, this technique is not always available (for example, if the exterior of the building has already been completed). In such cases, you have to do the work inside the house.

We are trying to find the advantages of the technique

There are few positive qualities of this technique:

• Simplicity - all work can be done without problems with your own hands, because there is no need to create large "forests".
• Ability to work regardless of the time of year. Proper external insulation should be carried out at positive temperatures, in the absence of precipitation and low humidity. Work inside can be carried out under any conditions
• Availability. You can do the work gradually. This is convenient in cases where a person does not have the opportunity to immediately begin large-scale work, and he plans to insulate the most important premises with his own hands first, and not the entire building.

We analyze all the shortcomings

As for the negative points, there are plenty of them:

• A significant reduction in the area of ​​​​the premises, especially if interior decoration is planned. Of course, you can make a small thickness of the heat-insulating layer, but this will adversely affect the efficiency.

Tip: choose the correct size of the insulator. In order not to make a mistake with the choice, look into online calculators or calculate the recommended thickness of the insulator with your own hands.

• Condensation begins to form under the insulation at a faster rate. This is due to incorrect dew point offset. How to fix this consequence with your own hands will be discussed in the next paragraph.
• When insulating indoors, the walls will practically cease to warm up. They will not participate in protecting the house from the cold, and most importantly, their operational period will begin to decrease.
• If you create indoor frames for laying the insulator, then this will inevitably lead to the formation of the so-called "cold bridges". As a result, the efficiency of the heater will decrease.

Dew point problem

From this picture, you can easily understand the principle of this term.

The dew point is where the moisture that comes from the air begins to condense. This situation inevitably leads to the destruction of the walls (brick ones suffer the most) and insulating material. Thermal insulation from the inside contributes to the fact that the dew point moves closer to the room. However, the situation can be improved if a set of measures is taken:

• Purchase insulators with very low vapor permeability and moisture absorption. As a result, the moisture that accumulates inside the room will practically not get into the walls.

Tip: the most suitable option for this criterion is polyurethane foam. However, its cost is relatively high.

• When laying the insulator with your own hands, avoid joints. Even the smallest gaps will contribute to the formation of condensate.
• Install a one-sided conductive vapor barrier. You can use a special membrane film.
• Arrange the layers of thermal insulation in order of increasing degree of vapor permeability. That is, indoors should be located those materials for which this indicator is minimal.

Step by step we analyze the process of warming

The theoretical aspect is studied, now it's time for practice. Most of the operations described below can be done without problems with your own hands, even without special skills.

How to properly prepare the surface

Preliminary procedures are the most time-consuming and responsible stage. You will need to do the following:

• Deal with wiring. If it is inside the walls, it must be brought outside. For this, junction boxes are located and wires are led out from them (the connection is made through special terminals). With external wiring (which is placed in special cable channels) it is even easier - it only needs to be disassembled.

Important! In the absence of skills in working with an electrician, it is better to invite a specialist in order to prevent fatal mistakes.

• The next step is the leveling of the rough surface (the process of dismantling finishing not considered). If the walls are brick or concrete, then a small layer will help. cement screed. Defects in wooden surfaces can be removed with a planer.
• The next step is to remove dust and dirt. Do not wet the surface!
• Now you need to thoroughly dry the walls to prevent the appearance of fungus and mold. To do this, use thermal guns or convectors. These devices should work until all moisture has completely evaporated.
• Then you should cover the surface with antiseptics, especially when it comes to a wooden structure.
• When the impregnations are completely dry, a vapor barrier material is attached to the surface using a special moisture-resistant adhesive.

Create a frame of strength

Now it is required to build a frame from bars (their size should be no less than the estimated thickness of the heat-insulating layer). In a wooden house, they are fixed immediately to large self-tapping screws. For brick and concrete buildings, you will have to pre-drill holes and install dowels - nails in them.

The distance between the bars is made according to the size of the selected insulation - this facilitates the work. In addition to the vertical logs, several more horizontal ones are installed, in increments of 1-1.5 meters. They are needed to ensure maximum rigidity of the frame.

Laying the insulator

It remains the case for small things - to put heat-insulating material into the niches that have appeared with the help of special glue. For internal insulation, the following models are actively used:

• Styrofoam. The cheapest analogue, which is characterized by low efficiency. It is permissible to use it only with an impressive wall thickness, or in warm regions.
• Mineral wool. It is recommended to use a basalt variety, as it has a low thermal conductivity (in this segment it is second only to foam).
• Penoplex. The most perfect thermal insulation material today. It has a very light weight, so it is very easy to stack.

When laying, the presence of cracks is unacceptable. It is best to do two layers in a "chessboard" order, since all joints will be securely hidden.

Consider alternative options

The options presented above are not the only ones that are suitable for this task. Two more methods are actively used:

1. Warm plasters - a special mixture is simply applied to the surface. Only suitable for thick brick or aerated concrete walls. There is no need for the construction of the frame and preliminary preparation.
2. Expanded polyurethane foam. It is applied like mounting foam. When using it, it is unnecessary to lay a vapor barrier material, since good adhesion to the surface is required. A frame is created with a large step (1-1.2 m). Polyurethane foam is sprayed into it and subsequently closed with some kind of sheet material.

remontami.ru

How to insulate a house from the inside: methods and materials

In the conditions of the domestic winter, the issue of additional insulation of housing is quite important for any owner of an apartment or a private house. Moreover, in the second case, we are also talking about significant cost savings, since insulated walls will help reduce energy consumption for heating.

There are several ways to reduce the thermal conductivity of building envelopes and, accordingly, reduce heat loss and increase the temperature inside the premises. One of them is internal insulation.

Mineral wool

One of the most popular materials for home insulation inside are various types of mineral wool. They are mounted using a frame system and crates made of wooden beams. At the same time, the crate should be narrower than mineral wool sheets by 20-30 mm - this is the only way to ensure its tight entry between the bars with no gaps.

Wool for insulation can be in the form of rolls, well suited for small rooms, or in sheets (an option for a large room).

Application features

The main advantages of using mineral wool can be called:

• high resistance to high temperatures and chemicals;
• low thermal conductivity;
• good soundproofing properties.

Among the disadvantages of the material, apart from the fact that during installation it should be handled very carefully (using a mask or respirator to protect against mineral wool dust), the main one is the need to close it from the side of the room with drywall sheets. This leads to the fact that the room visually decreases in size.

Styrofoam

Another common type of insulation is expanded polystyrene, sometimes used for interior decoration.

It can be extruded or foamed, although the differences are only in the way the materials are obtained. Their properties are almost the same.

Advantages and disadvantages

The material owes its popularity to its low cost compared to most other heaters. For this reason, it is used quite often, insulating walls, ceilings and even facades of a private house or apartment. Moreover, it is suitable for both panel and brick buildings.

At the same time, when using expanded polystyrene, it is worth knowing about a number of its disadvantages:

• about low service life. Passport data indicate the maximum operational period at 20 years, however, under certain conditions, for example, if the insulation technology is not followed correctly, the period is halved or even tripled;
• about contributing to the formation of mold under it, which causes asthma and allergies. This happens due to the almost complete airtightness of the material, which often leads to the appearance of fungal formations that are unfavorable to human health;
• release of hazardous gas in case of fire. Styrofoam, although it does not burn, melts when ignited and emits black smoke and a very dangerous phosgene gas, leading to paralysis of the respiratory tract.

polyurethane foam

The choice of foamed polyurethane as a heater ensures the creation of a moisture-resistant and heat-proof barrier inside an apartment or house. Although applying it is quite problematic.

In order for the foamed liquid, which initially represents the material, to harden as evenly as possible and have the required thickness, formwork is used, and the space is filled not immediately with the entire volume of foam, but in parts.

To improve the protective properties of the material, waterproofing is installed in the form of a polyethylene film, which is attached to the building envelope with rails and sealant.

To avoid finishing and plastering polyurethane foam, which it may not withstand, a special plasterboard wall is erected. And this design will also protect the surface of the insulation from the formation of condensate on it.

Pros and cons of the material

The main advantage of the material compared to the rest is to achieve maximum adhesion to the wall and provide better thermal insulation properties.

However, due to the fact that polyurethane foam does not form a layer on a vertical surface too well, it is more often used to insulate horizontal structures. For example, floors of attics and basements, as well as roof slopes.

Using a double wall

one more interesting option to ensure comfortable temperature conditions in your house you can install a double wall. In this case, elements of the "warm floor" are used, mounted inside the outer wall.

To improve the appearance of vertical structures from above, the heaters are covered with plasterboard or a second wall ½ brick thick. And the insulation (any) is attached to the outside of the plasterboard partition.

Possible nuances

The option with a double wall and one of the insulation chosen by the owner of the home is suitable for a period of severe frosts, when such thermal protection prevents both dampness and wall destruction. The disadvantages in this case are a decrease in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and significant electricity bills.

Cork wallpaper

A new and fairly effective finishing material used for insulation is wallpaper made from natural cork, obtained by crushing and pressing the bark of cork trees.

They are highly environmentally friendly and versatile, as they can be varnished and left uncoated, retaining their porous surface.

Is it worth using?

The advantages of the material can be called:

• high refractory, antibacterial, as well as heat and sound insulation properties;
• long service life exceeding 20 years;
• ease of installation and maintenance.

Prepare the surface for their gluing should be even more thorough than when painting or using the most ordinary wallpaper.

Do not think that the thickness of the material will hide the imperfections of the walls. Cork wallpapers are not capable of this.

The durability of the coating may be its disadvantage. Over time, wanting to update the interior with his own hands, the owner of the apartment will be faced with the inability to either paint over cork wallpaper or glue it. It will also not be easy to remove them from the wall, especially in this case you will have to look for a new insulation.

Additional insulation

In addition to using the listed materials, they additionally insulate the walls inside the room in the following ways:

• "warm plaster";
• liquid means (suspensions);
• vapor barrier films.

"Warm" plaster, containing not sand, but crushed polystyrene foam, is very quickly applied to the surface and sets in the same short time. In addition, it has high thermal insulation properties - 5 cm of such material will replace two rows of bricks. And such advantages of plaster as vapor permeability provide good condensation in the house and, accordingly, a healthy atmosphere.

Thanks to special liquid preparations with antifungal and anti-corrosion properties, it is possible to increase the thermal insulation properties of surfaces. If you apply such material not in one layer, but in two or three, you can replace a 10-cm layer of mineral wool. Successfully resists the suspension and the effects of thermal radiation.

In order to reduce the impact on moisture heaters, they are protected with vapor barrier films.

Summarizing

Of course, you can save on heating a private house with the help of interior decoration. Moreover, this is exactly what many property owners do, hiring specialists for insulation or doing the work with their own hands. However, over time, the insulation ceases to fulfill its functions, and the structures protected with its help begin to freeze almost more than before. Why is this happening - after all, the most modern and popular materials were used for insulation?

The cause of the problem lies in the very method of insulation - internal, and, therefore, providing a minimal result. When the insulation is placed in the room, the dew point (the place where condensation occurs) shifts towards the room - due to the lower (tens of times) thermal conductivity compared to brick or concrete. Thus, moisture is not formed inside the building envelope, where it would not bring practically any harm, but inside the insulating material. The walls become damp, mold begins to appear, and the wallpaper pasted on top turns black.

Much more effective is external insulation, which is used much more often than interior decoration, and provides Better conditions in room. Using this method of preserving heat in the house does not allow the structures to “sweat” and the fungus to appear.

And also the insulation from the outside allows you to close up those joints and cracks that could not be reached from the inside. The internal placement of insulating materials is possible only in a number of cases when external work is impractical - for example, it is impossible to change the facade of the building by decision of the authorities, or there is an elevator or part of an expansion joint behind the wall.

x-teplo.ru

How to insulate walls from the inside in a private house useful tips

Many experts today believe that if you insulate a house from the inside, it will harm it more than benefit it. But experts' opinions differ.

There are many ways to insulate your home that make your home cozier and more comfortable. Before choosing this method of insulation, you need to figure out what this type is.

There are some features that should always be considered when warming a house. Only in extreme cases is it possible to insulate the house inside, making insulation from the outside.

What is the meaning of the word "within"? This refers to the fact that the walls are directly covered with some materials. If ceilings, or floors, or any other areas are insulated without problems, then a lot of fuss can arise with wall insulation. The main difficulty is when the wall surface goes into a cold zone.

In general, when there is no thermal insulation, the walls are heated by the warm air that passes from the room. And if you put a heater inside, then air masses will collide with it, which will not be able to go outside. So there is a risk of cracks and all walls in such cases will be cold.

This is one of the reasons that suggests that it is worth considering the question: instead of thermal insulation from the outside, should a private house be insulated from the inside? There is a logical answer: you should not waste your energy and money, because as a result you can still get a cold room and cracked walls. This is part of the difficulty...

And, if you do not make at least small mistakes, then you can forget about the poor insulation of surfaces.

Materials for wall insulation from the inside in a private house

Let's talk about building materials.

For a wooden house, it is suitable as a good mineral wool insulation.

In general, heaters are diverse, for example:

• extruded polystyrene (foam),
• wood fiber boards
• and minvata.

For buildings outside and insulation of the facade, the first two materials are used. But a private house is often insulated from the inside with a miwata and polystyrene foam. These two materials are also suitable for insulation from the inside of a brick house.

These materials have two different options styling.

The first option for laying mywota and polystyrene

The first one is standard. He insulates the walls behind the technique from the outside.

First, the slabs are laid on the surface, which must be prepared and cleaned in advance, then the slabs are mechanically fixed, reinforcement is made and, finally, decoration.

The second option for laying mywota and polystyrene

The second - this option of insulation with foam plastic and mineral wool is the most successful.

First, the first stage passes, at which a special metal or wooden frame is made. The heater is placed right in it. This design is somewhat similar to the previous one.

The only difference is that insulating materials are not "tightly" mounted to the wall. This avoids the difficulty in controlling what is happening inside. Advice! To protect mineral wool or polystyrene from condensate, you need to create removable panels.

Wood fiber boards

Wood fiber boards are used for insulation work from the inside of a prefabricated house. This material is also used for finishing the house outside, but in general it is used for very different purposes.

It has excellent insulating characteristics and absorbs noise. Very often, the owners of wooden or brick houses want to protect them from sounds. Wood fiber boards are great for this. Since they combine two properties, this makes it possible to save.

The plates are treated with antiseptic agents, and are poisonous to insects and rodents. Such plates are not affected by air humidity and temperature changes.

Plates are cut by any improvised materials. The edges are processed in the same way. This makes the finish very versatile.

Installation is done by simple nailing.

Advice! 14-16 fasteners can be used per slab. Only in a checkerboard pattern you need to drive. Dural plates are used under the nail heads.

Ceilings are also included in the complex of works, because a large percentage of heat is lost through the roof. It is also insulated with the help of wood fiber boards. But they need to be lifted onto an aluminum support.

Advice! So that the nail heads do not stick out, they need to be drowned a little in the insulation. Important! Plates may not arrive. They can be glued to a special mastic if the walls are plastered.

In addition to all this, it is necessary to insulate the floors on the ground floor, especially if the cold comes from the basement and if the house is panel. To isolate the floor, slabs are also used, but in combination with roofing material.

If the owners do not want to mess with it, then you can use the insulation from the outside with special carpets. Cleaning is facilitated by the application of a special substance that retains dust.

The methods of insulating the walls of private houses from the inside are quite good, but they do not guarantee that problems will not arise in the future. Therefore, in addition to warming from the inside, houses need to be warmed from the outside.

How to insulate walls from the inside in a private foam block house

Houses made of foam blocks have quite good heat-preserving properties, but in harsh climatic conditions and such houses may require additional insulation.

So how to insulate the walls from the inside in a private house? Insulation in residential buildings is usually carried out from the inside, but it is simply impossible to perform sheathing in this way. Sometimes the owners of houses do not want to disturb the attractive appearance Houses. It also happens that a building is attached to a building that is not heated, or a building is located nearby.

So for many who own personal plot, is an important question of how to insulate the wall from the inside. In a private house, this procedure is simple, and various materials can be used.

insulators

• Mineral wool. Ordinary basalt insulator or glass fiber is used, which is less harmful to human health;
• Styrofoam. The price of this material is higher than mineral wool, but insulation will probably cost a little more. Since when using polystyrene foam there is no need to install the frame. But keep in mind that this material is more harmful than mineral wool;
• Polyurethane foam. This material is environmentally friendly, but such insulation will be expensive. When applying it, it is necessary to use special equipment, and therefore it will not be possible to perform insulation with polyurethane foam on your own.

Insulator selection

Today, the most popular insulator is basalt wool. In its production, stone fiber is used, which is impregnated with resins.

This material is considered harmful because phenol formaldehyde is present in the resins.

If you have made a choice in polishing basalt wool, then the main attention should be paid to its quality and brand. Good characteristics are present in Ursa basalt wool and its price is acceptable.

Fiberglass wool is considered safer, but it is not completely environmentally friendly either. In this case, it is best to buy the highest quality material, a good option is Izover or the same Ursa, but now fiberglass.

Expanded polystyrene should be used if the walls inside the room are smooth and even. The plates are installed on glue and without the use of a frame.

The issue of internal insulation causes a lot of controversy and has its own ardent opponents. But there are those who believe that this option will help make the building more comfortable for living. Both sides are right. In every situation there are grounds for adopting one position or another. But before choosing this method for the interior decoration of a private house, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons, study the features, and choose a safe insulation.

In what cases is it relevant

Warming the walls from the inside certainly allows you to increase the thermal performance of the house. But this is an unconventional technology, because they usually try to do it. However, there are situations when there is no other way out.

The option is also relevant for apartment buildings. It helps not only to increase the comfort of housing, but also to prevent the occurrence of such troubles as mold or fungus.

Problems

This method has a number of disadvantages. It is for this reason that the method has many opponents. Wall insulation “from the inside” can cause the following problems:

• The walls are not protected from the cold. The supporting structure of the building continues to be in contact with the outside air. This can lead to its gradual destruction. Cracks will begin to appear on the surface. This measure not only fails to protect outer wall from the cold, but also takes away some of the heat from it, because before the insulation, part of the heat from the room heated the wall, and now this flow is blocked.
• Dropout of condensate. It forms on a cold surface in contact with warm air. Heat engineers call the place of condensation the dew point. The main task of thermal insulation is to move the dew point outside the wall. Insulation "from the inside" provides a shift in the dew point to the boundary between the wall and the insulation. This process is hidden, so the owners of the house do not notice it. But humidity will be an excellent condition for the reproduction of various microorganisms.
• Reduction in floor space. Modern types of heaters have good efficiency. But science hasn't figured it out yet good material to keep its thickness to a minimum. To insulate the house from the side of the room, it will take from 5 to 10 cm of insulation. It eats up a lot of space. This is not so noticeable to the eye, but if you calculate the losses for the entire building, the figure is significant.

With internal insulation, the dew point shifts to the border between the wall and the insulation

Therefore, before deciding on the internal insulation of the walls of the house, we recommend that you carefully think about the listed problems. In this case, ignorance does not exempt from responsibility, since the result of inattention will make itself felt in the first years of operation.

Material selection

The technology allows the use different types heaters. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. The most commonly used options for wall insulation from the inside:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam (Penoplex type);
• mineral wool;

Styrofoam

Polyfoam is inexpensive and has good efficiency. In most cases, 5 cm will be enough to provide a comfortable microclimate. It allows you to perform work quickly, without complex processing and additional tools.

Styrofoam - an inexpensive and effective heat insulator

But this material has significant drawbacks:

• low strength;
• combustibility;
• poor vapor permeability - foam can turn a house into a real greenhouse.

Extruded polystyrene foam

The closest relative of polystyrene has become extruded polystyrene foam (such as "Penoplex"). It is very similar in appearance, but has an orange color instead of white. It is also worth noting that it has greater strength and durability. But such shortcomings as flammability and poor vapor permeability have not gone away. Such insulation of the wall will not allow it to breathe and will require additional ventilation.

Penoplex is stronger than polystyrene and lasts longer

Is it possible to perform internal insulation with polystyrene foam? Yes, you can. But you need to prepare for the negative consequences and eliminate them in time. This option is more suitable for brick or lightweight concrete. Wood for walls is usually chosen precisely for its ability to breathe. Styrofoam or foam plastic will easily block air flows and negate all the advantages of wood.

Mineral wool

Such a heater is widely used. It is relatively slightly more expensive, but it has a high vapor permeability. It is recommended to choose basalt mineral wool, which is available in rigid boards. It is easy to install, does not burn, has a sufficiently high strength.

But place the insulation layer inside the room should be careful. This material has low moisture resistance. Cotton wool perfectly absorbs water, after which it practically ceases to perform its direct functions. For reliable protection against moisture, it is necessary to provide a vapor barrier on the side of warm air and waterproofing on the side of cold air.

fibreboard

The walls of the house can be insulated with inside. The option does not guarantee that the difficulties listed above will not occur in the future, but it has the following advantages:

• good thermal insulation and sound absorption;
• unattractive to insects and rodents;
• good resistance to moisture and temperature extremes;
• ease of processing, you can use any tools;
• simple installation;
• convenience for wiring.

Fiberboard is resistant to temperature extremes and high humidity

Material selection criteria

Insulation of the walls of the house from the inside must meet the following criteria:

• environmental friendliness;
• security;
• fire resistance (for materials that are unstable to high temperatures, select the appropriate finish);
• durability;
• efficiency, low thermal conductivity;
• good resistance to moisture (or the presence of additional protection against it).

The material for internal thermal insulation must have good vapor permeability

It is also worth checking the vapor permeability. How to insulate a house for many years? Need to think good ventilation. Without this, the building will suffer from high humidity and microclimate disturbance. The problem can be solved, but you need to think about it at the initial stage.

Technology

For a private house, two methods of fixing the material are used. Both are relevant:

• on glue;
• by frame.

The second option allows you not to level the carefully insulated surface. In addition, it allows you to easily attach finishing materials. For example, for facing with drywall, in any case, it will be necessary to build a frame. You can insulate the wall under plywood or under plaster. Then there is no need to use a frame. The choice of installation method for insulation largely depends on the method of further finishing. Be sure to consider what kind of basis is required.

Adhesive mount

The surface must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, grease and dust, otherwise it can significantly reduce the quality of adhesion of the heat-insulating material to the base. Further work is performed in the following order:

• level the surface, knock down protrusions, cover up cracks and depressions;
• treat the surface with an antiseptic composition;
• apply a layer of primer;
• glue the sheet, the adhesive composition is applied with a roller on the wall and material;
• let the glue dry;
• fix the material to the wall with dowels.

Expanded polystyrene sheets and mineral wool slabs are fixed in a checkerboard pattern. After fixing the insulation, you can start finishing.

Frame fastening

This option can be called more laborious, but also more reliable. It allows you to protect the insulation from mechanical influences. This is especially true when using fragile foam.

Before starting work, the wall is cleaned of dirt and treated with an antiseptic. After that, you need to build a good frame from wooden bars or a metal aluminum profile. The racks are fastened to the wall with self-tapping screws. The step of the elements is selected depending on the width of the insulation. For mineral wool, such a step is required so that 58 cm remains in the light. For polystyrene and foam plastic, the distance in the light should be exactly 60 cm.

After installing the frame, the insulation is laid between the racks. The joints between the polystyrene foam and the frame are filled with mounting foam. After that, you can start finishing.

When performing work on any of these technologies using mineral wool, it is important not to forget about moisture insulation. The waterproofing is attached directly to the wall before the installation of the wool, and the vapor barrier covers the material and protects it from internal steam. Fastening layers is usually done with a construction stapler. The overlap of the material along the length should be at least 10 cm.

If it’s cold and uncomfortable in a house or apartment in cold weather, and you continue to pay huge sums for heating, then you should think about whether there is a reason why heat is not kept indoors. The simplest assumption is that heat escapes through the walls.

But internal insulation is usually carried out only in extreme cases, for example, when the authorities impose a ban on changing the facade. If there is a seam between buildings behind the wall, then external thermal insulation will also be impossible. Sometimes this approach cannot be implemented when there is an elevator shaft behind the wall or an unheated room to which there is no access.

Features of insulation from the inside

If you are faced with the question of how to insulate the walls of a brick house from the inside, then you must remember that the main problem in carrying out such work is the fact that the wall can begin to freeze even more. This results in a dew point shift as moisture begins to condense onto the surface of the wall. Condensation causes dampness, which destroys the materials and the finishing layer. All this contributes to the deterioration of the thermal insulation properties of the insulation, and the heat loss at the same time turns out to be even higher, high humidity is also added to this problem.

Brick walls are exposed to greater destruction. In order to avoid this, you should choose heaters, the vapor permeability of which is minimal, and there is no moisture absorption. During installation, there should be no joints and seams between the canvases through which condensed moisture could penetrate into the premises. These criteria do not fit:

• liquid ceramics;
• mineral wool;
• drywall;
• cork coating;
• warm plaster.

The last option can only be used at the final stage. Moisture-absorbing fibrous and vapor-permeable materials are not suitable for thermal insulation of walls from the inside. It is better to refuse from expanded polystyrene, because it is rather difficult to achieve proper joining of the material with the walls without using a solution. The joints between the canvases will play an important role in reducing tightness.

What to consider before starting insulation

Before you insulate the wall from the inside with your own hands, you must make sure that it is as dry as possible. The insulation must have a minimum vapor permeability and high moisture resistance. The wall from must be protected by hydro and vapor barrier. The insulation layer should not have cracks, joints and gaps.

If you want to insulate the walls in an apartment from the inside in a panel house, then one of the best solutions is the construction of another wall inside the room. It should fit snugly with the outer one or be separated from it by an air gap. Sometimes a layer of thermal insulation is placed between these surfaces, which acts as a buffer. But such measures reduce the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room to 7 m 3.

Material selection

Before starting work, you should ask yourself how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside. For example, polyurethane foam allows you to create a moisture-resistant barrier with high properties thermal insulation. The problem can only be expressed in the method of application. Initially, the material is a foamed liquid that quickly hardens. To form an even base and sufficient thickness, formwork should be installed, filling the internal space in parts. Using wireframes will not work. Elements of such a system made of metal or wood can also become sources of dampness.

After forming the surface of the insulating layer, it is necessary to install hydro- and vapor protection. For this, it is applied polyethylene film, which is fixed to adjacent walls, floor and ceiling with the help of rails. Gluing is carried out with mastic or sealant.

Polyurethane foam is characterized by low strength and density. This indicates that subsequent finishing cladding and plastering will not be possible. To do this, it is necessary to erect drywall walls, which are erected on a frame and fixed on an adjacent wall, floor and ceiling. in this case, it will be located at the junction of polyurethane foam and the wall or in the thickness of the thermal insulation.

Insulation with a double wall

If you want to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, then you can use the "Double Wall" technology. A warm floor will act as a thermal barrier. Heating elements are installed on the surface of the wall. Heating can only be switched on very coldy to heat the inside of the wall and shift the dew point.

For normal finishing of the room, a second wall of drywall or brick is installed. The insulation is mounted on a false wall from the side of the opening. This option will save in severe frosts and eliminate destruction, as well as the formation of dampness. But you will spend a lot of money on electricity. This is due to the fact that you will heat not only the volume of air in the room, but also the street.

The use of penoplex

If you still have not decided how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside, then you can use polystyrene foam or foam plastic. Due to the fact that it does not meet the characteristics for such work, special attention must be paid to installation work. The material is smooth sheets of dense material. Joints will certainly form between them during the installation process. It will not be possible to completely get rid of them, so a layer of sealant will have to be applied to the ends.

The technology of applying the solution with separate cakes should be abandoned. This is due to the fact that air chambers are formed as a result, where condensate accumulates. Water in this case finds cracks to enter the room. The only option would be to apply glue to the entire sheet and tightly adhere the material to the wall over the entire area. Before applying the solution, it is necessary to use a needle roller, which processes the surface of the material. This will ensure the best penetration of the solution. This is especially true for the option with penoplex.

This mounting method will require wall alignment. It is impossible to use ordinary cement-sand mortar. It is better to use a mixture that forms a waterproof layer. The use of anchor fasteners should also be abandoned. This is due to the fact that leaky transitions will form in the places of their installation.

If you plan to use the mesh reinforcement method and will apply plaster over the foam, then the structure should be reinforced with profiles that are located between the insulation sheets and are fixed from above and below to the floor and ceiling.

Work procedure

If you decide to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, then after choosing a specific method of work, you must bring the surface into perfect condition. To do this, the old coating is removed from the base in the form of lining, decorative elements, paint and wallpaper. The plaster is also removed. You should see concrete slab or brickwork.

The surface should be cleaned of dust and dirt with a broom and a vacuum cleaner. Particular attention should be paid to places where the walls were especially damp. Before insulating the wall from the inside, it should be treated with an antiseptic and coated with a primer. After each operation, the base is left until dry.

Priming should be done with a deep penetrating compound. If you plan to use foam or heating elements, then the wall is plastered and leveled. In the process, you can use water repellents, ready-made mixtures for finishing pools and bathrooms. In this case, the method of plastering with the help of beacons is suitable. The technology is relevant if the magnitude of the differences is more than 10 mm.

The plaster layer should dry for several days. Only in this way will the material gain normal strength. This process should not be accelerated by heaters. The surface of the plaster is primed again. This step should be omitted for concrete walls that are level. In the case of them, you can seal the joints with a moisture-resistant mortar, mastic or sealant.

Warming process

Quite often, home craftsmen are faced with the question of how to insulate a wall from the inside. In each case, the technology will be different. Some of the details have been described above. After the installation of the thermal insulation layer, a drying period follows. Only then can you proceed with the installation of the second wall, where the finishing finishing layer will be applied like tiles, wallpaper, paint or cork.

For the installation of drywall boards, you must form a frame. Plates will be attached to the ceiling, floor and walls. A gap of 5 cm should be left between the thermal insulation and the wall. If you want to use high-density polystyrene foam, then you can limit yourself to applying reinforcing mesh and plastering. But the durability and the result will depend on the quality of the installation of the foam. The joints between the sheets must be coated with sealant, and the canvases are fixed on a uniformly thin layer of mortar.

Insulation of a corner apartment with mineral wool

If you were among those who wondered how to insulate a corner wall from the inside, then you can use mineral wool as a material for work. It consists of natural fibers, is environmentally friendly and is made from rocks by melting them. Cloths of this thermal insulation have low weight, excellent sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Mineral wool is ready to serve for quite a long time, and is installed on the wall between rails made of metal profiles or wood bars.

How to insulate a wall from the inside? This question is quite relevant for residents of corner apartments. When installing mineral wool on walls, you must take care of waterproofing. This is important, because the moistened heat insulator loses its properties. Before installation, the walls are covered with a moisture-proof film. You can make a frame from wooden slats, the distance between which will be equal to the width of the insulation plate. From this value it is necessary to subtract about 2 cm.

After laying the mineral wool, a layer of vapor barrier or a superdiffusion membrane is then covered. Rails are stuffed onto the guides, which will create an air gap, which is necessary for moisture to evaporate from the superdiffusion membrane. Plasterboard or plywood is stuffed onto the rails. With mineral wool it is better to work with glasses and gloves, as well as a respirator.

Insulation of a corner apartment with foam

If you are concerned about the question of how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside, then for this you can also use foam. It is more common for the reason that it is easy to mount, and its cost is affordable. For an apartment, you can purchase polystyrene foam, which contains substances that prevent ignition. Before laying the slabs, liquid waterproofing is applied to the leveled wall. Tile adhesive should be applied to the sheets of insulation. A comb spatula acts as a tool for this.

After filling the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall, a mounting grid is glued on top, which is covered with putty. Once dry, the surface can be wallpapered or painted. Before insulating a wall from the inside, you should consider what material to use. If foam or foam plastic is used, then fungus and mold can form between the moisture-proof layer and the wall. This also applies to foil penofol. This is due to the fact that the wall in the panel or brick house stops breathing, and in conditions of a cold circuit and access to moisture, it begins to become covered with condensate.

Insulation with drywall

If you want to solve the problem of how to insulate brick wall from the inside, you can use the technology that involves the use of drywall. This method is fast and simple. A distance of 3 cm must be maintained from the draft surface to the front base. With an increase in this space, more insulation will fit into the voids of the structure. This method is great for large rooms, because the wall thickens during the installation of thermal insulation.

The process begins with the installation of a frame made of metal profiles. They are removed from the wall by 2 cm. The frame must be made of a galvanized profile. A tape is glued to the sole of the elements to isolate the surface from the plaster. This will protect the drywall from the cold that is transmitted through the metal profile. Mineral wool is placed in the cavity of the frame, and the layer between the wall and drywall will also become a heater.

The next step is the installation of drywall. When insulating rooms with high humidity, you should not save money - it is better to purchase moisture-resistant material. At the final stage, the tiles are finished with wallpaper.

Thermal insulation in a panel house

How to insulate panel wall from the inside - this is an urgent issue that interests many apartment owners. For work, you can use plaster. If it's about brickwork, then you will be able to cope with the work in a short time. The material is laid in three layers, each of which dries well.

At the first stage, the composition is applied by spraying. This will fill in all the bumps and gaps. The thickness does not exceed 10 mm. The main stage is the application of a primer layer 5 cm thick. The effectiveness of thermal insulation will depend on the quality of this stage.

If you want to know how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside, you can use foam. Even a beginner can handle its installation. But mineral wool, although it is an excellent option, takes up more space. It has one important advantage, which is expressed in the fact that in the process of fixing the material does not need a prepared layer of plaster.

Insulating walls from the inside is an unconventional way to protect a building from the cold. It is much more efficient to insulate the walls in the apartment from the outside, but this option is far from always available to residents for purely technical reasons. To avoid problems during the subsequent operation of housing, during work, all technologies and requirements of building codes should be strictly observed. In this regard, before you insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, you should consider in detail all the stages of this process.

Advantages and disadvantages

The need for an efficient thermal insulation layer in the building structure is quite obvious - the better the walls are insulated, the less heat loss will be in the winter season. And this, on the one hand, will lead to significant savings in heating the apartment, and on the other hand, it will create a comfortable microclimate in the room.

However, the internal insulation of the walls of the house entails a number of problems that affect the durability of the building and the comfort of living in it. These shortcomings stem from the design and technical features of the building and the elementary laws of physics. Among the main disadvantages of wall insulation in an apartment from the inside, the following can be noted.

Insecurity of external walls from the cold

One of the main indicators of the durability of any structural material is its frost resistance. This criterion characterizes the ability of a building material to withstand a certain number of freeze / thaw cycles without visible damage. At the same time, the technology of wall insulation from the inside does not protect them from the effects of seasonal temperature changes, and, as a result, the service life of the building is significantly reduced.

With the external method of insulation, the effect of temperature fluctuations on the walls is significantly reduced, which, accordingly, increases the duration of the operation of the house. In addition, the placement of heat-insulating material outside the building allows you to create protection from precipitation, aggressive chemical elements and solar radiation.

dew point offset

Another unpleasant effect that accompanies the insulation of walls from the inside of the apartment is the shift of the dew point on their inner surfaces under a layer of heat-insulating material.

The "dew point" is a conditional place where the water vapor contained in the air condenses. This phenomenon occurs when heated air comes into contact with any cold surface.

As for the walls of the building, when they are insulated from the outside, they are heated by internal heating devices, and air freely passes through them, condensing only on the street side. From here, moisture is freely removed, evaporating under the influence of sunlight or wind.

If the thermal insulation is installed from the side of the interior, then the dew point is shifted to the inner surfaces of the walls. And this, in turn, becomes the cause of fungus and mold. And what is most unpleasant, this whole process occurs unnoticed by the residents under a layer of insulation and wall decoration.

A similar damage to the walls is found mainly by accident during the current repair, or by a pronounced putrefactive smell in the room, therefore, before insulating the walls of the house from the inside, care should be taken to create reliable vapor and waterproofing.

Reducing the volume of premises

Another disadvantage that you should pay attention to before insulating the walls of the apartment from the inside is the reduction in internal space. Depending on the type of insulation and its thermal insulation properties, the length and width of the room will be reduced by 5-10 or even more cm.

Such trifles are not so critical for large-sized apartments with an improved layout or country mansions with an area of ​​​​hundreds of square meters, but for old Khrushchev apartments, every square is relevant, so you don’t want to lose them “out of the blue”.

Proper wall insulation from the inside

Familiarized with all the shortcomings " internal technologies”, Many homeowners will ask themselves the question: “Is it possible to insulate the walls from the inside in principle, or is it better to resort to the external method?”. It should immediately be answered that the internal application of thermal insulation has been successfully used for many years.

The main thing here is to produce proper insulation walls to avoid unpleasant consequences. Moreover, this method is sometimes the only possible one. For example, if cold apartment is located on the upper floors of a high-rise building, and sheathing the outer walls with a heat insulator is not possible without the involvement of expensive special equipment or industrial climbers. Almost any home master can do the insulation of the walls from the inside with his own hands.

In addition, unauthorized sheathing of the facade of the building with heat-insulating material can cause a conflict with management company and architectural committee. Under housing law, a tenant of an apartment building has no right to make any unauthorized changes to appearance building.

In this regard, it is necessary to understand in more detail how to properly insulate the wall from the inside. . If in this case it is impossible to do anything with the protection of load-bearing walls from temperature extremes, precipitation and ultraviolet radiation, then it is quite possible to solve the problem with condensate. To do this, there are several ways that can be used both individually and, to achieve a greater effect in the complex.

1. Creating a vapor barrier or a reliable waterproofing layer on top of the insulation to prevent moisture from penetrating the inner surface of the walls. In this case, access to moist warm air to the cold outer walls of the building will be blocked. But this method has one big drawback - the process of natural gas exchange will be disrupted, which will lead to an excess of moisture in the premises and a lack of oxygen.
2. Using the difference in the vapor permeability of a structural wall material and a heat insulator. In this case, before you insulate the walls from the inside, you should familiarize yourself with this coefficient for the walls of the building and the insulation material. The vapor permeability of the wall must be greater than that of the heat insulator. This will allow you to quickly remove the condensate formed under the insulation, preventing its significant concentration.
3. Before you insulate the walls from the inside, you need to equip an efficient ventilation system. It will allow you to remove the “exhaust” air saturated with steam and carbon dioxide, replacing it with fresh air. If there is such ventilation system it will be possible to safely make waterproofing of wall surfaces for maximum protection from the effects of condensing moisture.

It is possible to reduce the loss of the internal volume of rooms by selecting an insulating material with a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity. This will allow the use of a thinner layer of heat insulator with similar thermal protection.

Material selection

From right choice The effectiveness of the heat-insulating layer largely depends on the material, so the question “what is the best way to insulate the walls from the inside?” is by no means idle. Currently used as a thermal insulator for internal surfaces Three main groups of heaters are used:

• Mineral wool.
• foamed polymers.
• foil materials.

Mineral heaters

This group includes heat-insulating materials made on the basis of mineral wool obtained from glass, stone, slag. The technology for obtaining mineral wool is as follows:

1. Raw materials are heated to the melting temperature, after which they are placed in special centrifuge drums.
2. In centrifuges, the molten material is saturated with compressed air, resulting in the formation of mineral fibers.
3. Thermal insulation of various densities is made from minfiber by pressing, in the form of plates or rolls.

pros

The technical characteristics of mineral wool largely depend on its density index. The denser the material, the lower the thermal conductivity it has. The most porous types of mineral wool have a mass of 50 kg per cubic meter, and a cubic meter of the most dense types can hang up to 200 kg. In this case, their thermal conductivity coefficient can vary from 0.04 to 0.07. As a heater for walls inside an apartment, mineral fiber has a number of positive qualities.

• First of all, these are high heat-saving properties. In this quality, minfiber is in many ways superior to other types. thermal insulation materials. Due to this, mineral insulation allows you to create a reliable protective belt from external temperature fluctuations.
• Ease of installation. Minplates are attached to the wall surface with the help of mushroom dowels or rails. Before insulating the walls with mineral wool, it is not required to clean and level them, which greatly simplifies the entire workflow.
• Ecological purity. In the manufacture of mineral fiber insulation, no toxic components are used. Mineral wool is completely safe for the human body, therefore it can be used for internal thermal insulation of not only industrial, but also residential premises.
• Fire resistance. Mineral wool is absolutely non-combustible and is able to calmly withstand heating with an open flame to a temperature of 1000 degrees. In this regard, a layer of mineral insulation can be used as fire protection for wooden walls.
• Noise isolation. According to the noise absorption coefficient, mineral fibers are in first place among all building and finishing materials. The walls finished with mineral slabs significantly reduce the noise level inside the premises, which is especially important if the house faces a street with heavy traffic.

Minuses

In addition to undeniable advantages, mineral wool also has a number of disadvantages that impose restrictions on the area of ​​​​its use. The main disadvantage of this material is the fear of dampness. Fibers have a tendency to absorb moisture from the surrounding air and retain it. At the same time, the mineral wool is compacted and significantly, dozens of times, loses its heat-insulating properties.

Even after the insulation has completely dried, the thermal conductivity coefficient does not recover to its previous limits, therefore, before insulating the walls in the house, you should take care of reliable protection a layer of mineral wool from the effects of dampness, especially if the insulation is carried out in damp rooms such as a kitchen, bathroom or toilet.

Another disadvantage of mineral wool is a weak bond between the individual fibers of the material. As a result, when working with it, there is an increased separation of dust and microscopic particles of raw materials, which can irritate the skin and mucous membranes.

For this reason, protective clothing, gloves, goggles and a respirator should be used when working with minfibre. Such precautions will help to avoid problems in the form of damage to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin by mineral particles.

Foamed polymers

This group includes several types of heat-insulating materials - foam plastic, extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, etc. All of them are obtained by saturating the polymer melt with air or gas. So, in the production of the familiar foam plastic, rounded granules filled with air are initially obtained, from which sheets of the desired shape and size are glued by hot pressing. More modern variety polyfoam - extruded polystyrene foam (foam), which has improved strength and thermal protection. The density of expanded polystyrene can be different and reach from 30 to 150 kg per cubic meter.

Among the advantages of expanded polystyrene sheets, you can specify:

• A good indicator of thermal protection, not inferior to the indicator of mineral wool. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene averages 0.05.
• Small amount of material. When sheathing walls with foam sheets, the total weight of the building practically does not increase and additional reinforcement of the structure or base is not required.
• budget cost. Polyfoam has the most balanced indicator in terms of price / quality. The cost of the material depends on the index of its density and the linear dimensions of the sheet.
• Moisture resistance. Unlike mineral wool, expanded polystyrene practically does not absorb water - even when immersed in it, it is able to absorb no more than 2% moisture. At the same time, the material does not lose its shape or technical qualities.
• Ease of fastening. Various methods of insulating walls from the inside are applicable to polystyrene foam. It can be mounted both on plastic dowels-mushrooms, and on clamps, mounting rails and other devices. Also, expanded polystyrene sheets are easily attached to the walls using various building adhesives - " liquid nails”, tile adhesive, concentrated PVA, etc.

Foam polishing foam is sprayed directly onto the wall using specialized equipment. However, this method is practically unsuitable for independent use. The production of polyurethane foam requires expensive equipment and special chemicals. In addition, you should have the skills to work with this equipment.

The main disadvantage of foamed polymers should be called their flammability. They ignite quite easily and burn with the release of asphyxiant gases, therefore, when decorating walls with such a heater, special attention should be paid to protecting them from open flames.

foil materials

This category includes heaters that "work" on the effect of reflection of infrared radiation. To do this, any materials, even those that do not initially have heat-shielding properties, are pasted over with metallized foil. Styrofoam, rolled polyethylene foam and even ordinary plywood can act as the basis for the foil.

The principle of operation of such heaters is based on the principle that a significant amount of thermal energy is lost by transferring infrared radiation to the walls. The foil is capable of reflecting up to 85-90% of all IR rays from heat-heating devices (stoves, heating radiators, heaters), which contributes to the preservation of internal heat.

Calculation of the thickness of the insulation

Before insulating the walls in the apartment, a number of calculations should be made. First of all, you should correctly calculate the required thickness of the heat insulator layer. To do this, you will need to know two technical indicators: the thermal conductivity of the selected insulation (k) and the required thermal resistance of the walls for the construction region (R).

The first indicator can be found on the packaging, after reading technical specifications material, and the coefficient of thermal resistance is given in the summary tables of SNiP "Construction climatology". The minimum allowable thickness of the heat-insulating layer is calculated according to the following formula:

δ = Rk, where δ is the thickness of the heat insulator, R is the regional coefficient of thermal resistance, and k is its thermal conductivity. Based on these calculations, the following results can be obtained. The minimum allowable foam layer is about 15 cm for the Moscow region, and from 18 to 23 cm for Siberia. Mineral wool is 20 and 30-40 cm, respectively, and polyurethane foam is 8 and 12-14 cm.

The video shows how to properly insulate an apartment.

After reading this article, any homeowner will be able to get an idea of ​​​​how to properly insulate the walls from the inside of the room. The main thing in this matter is to comply with the requirements and recommendations of building codes and regulations in order to obtain an effective heat-shielding layer for walls.

Each owner has his own, individual requirements for how his house or apartment should be. The exception to the rule is heat. Especially in the cold season, when the air temperature outside goes to minus.

With the fact that housing should not only be beautiful, but also capable of maintaining a comfortable temperature even when big minus everyone agrees without exception.

The reason for this unanimity lies not only in the desire to avoid the need to be at home in warm clothes that hinder movement.

The main troubles following the freezing of the walls are condensate, mold and fungi that affect the health of residents.

In addition, the walls themselves suffer. If mold and fungus can be eliminated, then restore the quality of the affected wall succeeds not always.

The way out of the situation is internal wall insulation, protection from the cold during frost, and from condensate during periods of thaw.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal insulation

Usually the culprit decrease in comfortable temperature level indoors are heating systems, poorly insulated windows, or the roof of the house. If the heating, windows and roofing are normal, then the problem is really in freezing walls that require additional thermal insulation.

The indisputable advantages of internal protection of walls from freezing include:

• the ability to insulate any room;
• performance of work at any time of the year;
• the ability to carry out all the work independently (significant savings);
• increasing the sound insulation of the home.

The disadvantages include:

• mandatory requirements for providing vapor barrier;
• the need to use heaters with excessive thickness;
• consequences in the form of internal drafts;
• the need to create additional ventilation due to increased humidity;

Is it possible to insulate the walls inside the apartment?

Despite the fact that the option of internal insulation seems, at first glance, the most effective and profitable, experts recommend resorting to it only in the most extreme cases if there is no other way out.

If the operating organization promises to carry out external insulation for years, but the residents do not have their own funds, then everything that is not recommended can be done, since is not strictly prohibited.

A significant minus of mineral wool - ability to absorb moisture. The resulting dampness is an excellent breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria. In addition, excess water reduces thermal engineering priorities.

For a panel house, for example, the choice in favor of mineral wool will not be the most successful. However, in the event that it is necessary to insulate the walls of a wooden structure, it is better not to find mineral wool.

This natural organic material is capable of spontaneously remove the resulting steam behind the building outline, protecting the wood used for construction.

Styrofoam

One of the most important characteristics of insulating materials - moisture resistance and low specific gravity.

If mineral wool cannot boast of the ability to withstand moisture, then expanded polystyrene, both foamed and extruded (EPS), is quite satisfies the requirement.

The advantages of the material also include a small specific gravity of the sheets and the absence of the need to install a metal frame.

All it takes is insulation of sheet joints polystyrene foam and walls through the use of polyurethane wool.

The sheets of expanded polystyrene themselves are attached to the wall with glue or dowels.

Styrofoam

Obtained by foaming a suspension polymer.

It has a specific structural structure, which determines its high strength and duration of service life, exceeding the similar characteristic of popular mineral wool.

Polyfoam, despite its high popularity, has both significant pluses and minuses.

Pros:

• high resistance to moisture;
• excellent thermal insulation properties;
• resistant to mold and fungus;
• easy to handle and install;
• easy;
• additional waterproofing is not required;
• has high resistance to temperature extremes, heat, frost;
• provides good sound insulation;
• cheap.

Minuses:

• needs protection from mechanical damage due to limited mechanical strength;
• does not pass air;
• fire hazardous;
• interaction with nitro-paints and nitro-varnishes should not be allowed;

polyurethane foam

This material is considered a leader among modern heaters due to its reliability. Among the disadvantages of polyurethane foam are noted the need to install frames.

Taking extra security measures in connection with the application of a liquid two-component substance by spraying, as well as plastering with the additional use of nylon nets.

Among the advantages of polyurethane foam: high moisture resistance, minimum curing time, no need to use fasteners.

glass wool

The characteristics are similar to mineral wool. The advantages include a lower cost than mineral wool. The main downside is shrinkage over time. In addition, glass wool is characterized by high fragility of the fibers. This complicates installation and requires careful observance of safety regulations.

Environmentally friendly materials

We are talking about such unusual materials as straw, reeds, gypsum panels. In spite of difficulty in purchasing and the search for a work contractor, this option of heaters is becoming more and more popular.

But if there is no particular desire to search for material and an artist, then you can use at least environmentally friendly materials- cork insulation or fibrolite, which is made from wood chips.

In this article, you can learn how to soundproof walls in an apartment.

Criterias of choice

In order to select the most good option insulation intended for internal wall insulation, it is necessary first of all pay attention to the following characteristics:

1. Resistance to high temperatures and open flame (fire safety).
2. Low thermal conductivity, preventing the outflow of heat from the room.
3. Safety (absence of toxic substances and toxic impurities).
4. Durability and the ability to retain its original shape for a long time.
5. Resistant to moisture and aggressive substances.

Also an important role is played by the material from which the walls are made, and its characteristics.

If the walls are planned to be plastered, then it is best to insulate them with extruded polystyrene foam. Peculiarity - the flammability group of EPPS should not exceed G1.

The choice in favor of expanded polystyrene is also justified minimal usable space.

If the walls are sheathed with drywall, then they can be insulated with mineral wool and other soft insulation, with the obligatory laying of a vapor barrier layer.

Styrofoam to insulate the walls in panel houses not recommended due to its high flammability and ability to store moisture.

The main task of the internal insulation of a house made of foam blocks is to provide vapor barrier of thermal insulation material on both sides. Also must be trimmed(second wall). For this purpose, drywall or lining is used.

Accordingly, soft cotton insulation or polystyrene foam will not work. It is best to use polyurethane foam, foam plastic and polystyrene foam.

The wooden house is made of environmentally friendly material, and the choice of insulation is guided precisely by this characteristic. The best way for warming the wooden walls of a private house - laying ecowool. It is also possible to use polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam, which cannot be said about polystyrene foam.

Expanded polystyrene during operation begins to release carcinogenic substances harmful to humans and animals.

Mineral wool is well suited for warming the apartment, if space permits. You can also use foam, provided that a layer of liquid waterproofing is first applied to the prepared wall surface.

However, foam, like foam or foil foam, refers to waterproof materials, increasing the risk of mold and mildew.

Cork material, warm plaster or fiberboard is excellent for insulating the walls of an apartment. This is only a small part of the insulation materials available for sale, so the choice must be made. based on the characteristics of the outer wall of the apartment, as well as options for finishing the room.

How to insulate walls with your own hands?

The algorithm for insulating walls in an apartment from the inside depends on the type of house and the selected insulation. However the main stages of work remain unchanged for any options:

Insulation of walls from the inside with foam: video instruction.

Insulation plaster

Protective leveling layer on the surface of polystyrene insulation created with reinforcing mesh and a special mass designed for this type of material.

Grid that does not allow to deform in the future decorative coating, glued with a thin layer of plaster. Then a thin leveling layer is applied universal weight. The treated surface is left to dry for at least a day.

After drying, the surface can be rubbed. After rubbing, the treated surface is primed. The last stage of work is decoration.