Turkish carnation, Dianthus barbatus. Growing from seeds, planting, care, propagation of Turkish carnations, varieties

A couple of decades ago, this crop could be found in any flower bed. But today, Turkish cloves are not particularly popular among gardeners. Modern gardeners strive to acquire enviable exotic plants, but it seems simple to them. But for beginners in floriculture, the culture can be a real godsend. This flower is quite unpretentious, has a long flowering period and pleases with its rich color, and information on the topic: carnation turkish cultivation from seeds will make the process easy and fun.

Turkish (or bearded) carnation is a perennial crop, but is more often grown as a biennial because many varieties die off after two flowering seasons. The literal translation from Greek is “divine flower.” In total, there are about 300 varieties of crops and an infinite number of hybrids and mixtures of varieties.

In the first season after planting, the plant forms a rosette of leaves, in the second, it begins to flower and produces a seed. The bud has 5 petals and a long nail. The petal has a horizontal stripe of pink or snow-white tone. One bush is capable of simultaneously forming several inflorescences with about 30 flowers. Thanks to this, the bush becomes like a fluffy bouquet. The seeds of the plant ripen in an elongated box with one nest.

Interesting! Since ancient times, the flower has been associated with victories in bloody battles. In America, he is considered a symbol of a mother's boundless love. Christian legends tell that during the execution of Jesus, flowers of extraordinary beauty grew on the ground, moistened with the tears of the Virgin Mary.

Plant varieties

Garden varieties are superior to their wild brothers in beauty and diversity. The color variations and shape of the buds surprise with their diversity. The buds can be one-color, two-color, multi-colored, with a border and strokes, simple or terry texture. In terms of visual association, the inflorescences are very similar to the Turkish ornament.

The color of the buds has a wide range - from snow-white to dark cherry tone. Every year, breeders develop new varietal species with unique colors. According to the height of the bush, the crop can be short (no higher than 35 cm) and tall (up to 90 cm).

Ability to produce flowering at any time climatic conditions made the flower in demand both in Europe and on other continents.

Among the variety of varieties, the most popular are:

1. "Nigracans." Frost and drought resistant variety. Forms dense inflorescences of a chic dark cherry tone. This variety has interesting feature: As the bush matures, the foliage changes color from green to burgundy. Thanks to this, the bush begins to stand out from the rest of the inhabitants of the flowerbed.
2. "Little Willy" The low-growing variety does not exceed 15 cm in height. It has dense inflorescences and varied colors. Can be grown both in the garden and in a pot. Shows excellent resistance to frost.
3. "F1 Dynasty". Hybrid terry look. Low-growing bushes (up to 30cm) can grow up to 50cm in diameter. They can bloom in the first year of growth and are immune to frost.
4. "Noverna Cloyne F1". Hybrid variety. Forms lush bushes, which helps to stand out even in the most populated flower garden. Each bud in the inflorescence has an individual color. Compared to most varieties, it has quite long flowering. The variety shows weakness to low temperatures.
5. "Undine". The flower has a unique purple-black color with a snow-white edge. It is considered an achievement of breeders. After cutting, it retains its fresh appearance for a long time.
6. "Moulin rouge". It has an incredible aroma that is associated with the southern coast of the sea. Thanks to the special coloring, it seems that the inflorescences are spinning in a delightful dance. The bush reaches a height of 20 cm and produces long-lasting flowering.

Know! As a biennial plant, cloves are grown in temperate latitudes. In the south, the properties of a perennial appear, and in the north, the properties of an annual.

Growing Turkish cloves from seeds

As a rule, cloves are grown from seeds using the seedling method. Growing a crop is considered a hassle-free task that even a beginner can do. The main thing is to properly prepare the place and soil for seedlings. After all, these are two main factors influencing the proper development of culture.

When to plant seeds at home

The timing of sowing seeds directly depends on weather conditions. If you plan to plant seeds for seedlings at home, then it is necessary to carry out planting work in early spring (March-April).

Soil mixture for seedlings

Every amateur gardener will be able to prepare his own soil mixture for seedlings. The substrate requires three main components:

• peat (2 parts);
• turf land (2 parts);
• river sand (1 part).

To disinfect using the steaming method, you need to put a bucket of water on the fire. After the water boils, a metal grid is placed on the bucket, with a bag of soil on top. The soil is left to steam for 1-1.5 hours. After cooling, the earth is completely ready for use.

Important! You should remember the need for a drainage layer and drain holes at the bottom of the container for growing seedlings.

Sowing seeds for seedlings

Sowing cloves for seedlings is no different from other crops. When growing seedlings at home, you need prepared home soil etch with a weak solution of manganese.

Seeds are placed in a container with prepared soil. It is important not to deepen the seeds too much; the maximum depth should not exceed 1 cm. If the size of the container allows, then planting is done in rows, retreating 15 cm. If not, then the rows are grouped closer, but the plantings are not overly flooded with water. Even with the smallest container sizes, you must follow the main rule - the distance between the seeds should not be less than 1.5 cm.

Upon completion of sowing, the soil is lightly compacted and the top is irrigated with settled water at room temperature. Crops take shelter non-woven material to create a favorable climate.

Picking up seedlings

Diving of young shoots is allowed three weeks after emergence. Some seedlings can be left to grow in a container. The main thing is that a distance of at least 7 cm is maintained between the bushes. It is recommended to pick in the evening or in cloudy weather, protecting young plants from exposure to direct rays of the sun. After diving, the seedlings are again covered with non-woven material.

Two weeks after picking, the seedlings can be transferred to a permanent place, while maintaining a distance of 20-30 cm between plantings. The crop will bloom only in the second year of its growth. And in the first year, the crop intensively forms its greenery and root system. For safe wintering, it is recommended to cover the bushes with spruce or pine branches.

Know! Some varieties of the crop have the peculiarity of re-blooming with the onset of autumn.

Turkish carnation annual

In the northern regions, Turkish beauty is grown as an annual crop, because fierce winter frosts tend to test the strength of winter plantings. It is for such areas that the issue of growing carnations using seedlings is especially relevant.

Sowing can begin in February. The seeds are sown in large boxes, irrigated and covered with a single piece of glass. Subject to temperature regime at +20 degrees the first shoots will appear quite quickly.

Also, young shoots need additional lighting. The northern regions have fairly short daylight hours, especially in winter. And the lack of light will have a detrimental effect on the growth and development of seedlings. Although cloves can be considered shade-tolerant plant, the proper amount of light is vital for her. Gardeners in the northern regions will have to acquire a good phytolamp.

Don't forget about the need for free space. With dense seedlings, plantings must be thinned. After a month, the seedlings are picked and transplanted into separate containers. Bushes are moved to the flowerbed only after the arrival of permanent spring weather. Before planting in the garden, it is recommended to harden the seedlings, accustoming them to cool temperatures. fresh air. The crop grown in this way produces flowering in the first year.

For your information! When grown in pots, the crop exhibits the properties of an annual.

Growing seedlings in open ground

If you plan to grow seedlings in open ground, then the recommended time is May-June. You should wait for the onset of warm weather, when the sun's rays just begin to gain strength. After all, the flower reacts poorly to hot weather. Planting seeds in the evening is the best option. In addition, seedlings will develop better in light partial shade.

The seed of the plant can safely survive winter frosts, so they can be planted in the autumn. At autumn plantings the first shoots will appear in the spring. When planted in open ground in the spring, a week passes from the moment of sowing until the first shoots appear.

Preparing a place for seedlings

The flower prefers spacious, illuminated areas. However, in partial shade it will also delight with flowering. For proper growth and abundant flowering requires fertile soil. In areas with sandy or clay soil add fertilizers.

You can fertilize the soil both immediately before planting and when digging the site. Ash, humus and mineral fertilizers are used as fertilizer.

The selected bed is dug to a depth of 20-30 cm. Then the surface is leveled and moistened. The prepared area must be covered with a thick, opaque cloth and left for 10-14 days. After time has passed, you can begin planting seedlings.

Bushes are planted according to the 20x30x35 pattern. With this planting scheme, the plant will be able to take root firmly before the arrival of the first frost. And with the onset of warm spring days, it will grow densely but evenly.

Remember! If you have no experience in gardening, it is extremely important to plant seedlings according to the scheme. After all, violation of planting rules can provoke the death of young bushes.

Rules for caring for Turkish cloves

Young bushes show sensitivity to temperature changes. This is felt especially acutely in early spring, when daytime sun rays heat the flower stems, and at night there is a high risk of recurrent frosts. To prevent the death of seedlings, the flower bed is covered with spruce branches. With the onset of stable warm weather, the spruce branches are removed.

At the end of flowering, the stems must be cut off and fertilizers added to the soil. This manipulation will allow the bushes to catch up with new greenery, and some varieties may even begin to re-form buds.

Turkish beauty reacts poorly to stagnation of water in the soil and high humidity. Therefore, watering is carried out 1-2 times a week. During the dry season, the amount of watering can be increased. It is important to perform root watering, because moisture that gets on the foliage and inflorescences in sunlight can lead to burns and death of the plant.

Young plantings must be weeded regularly, simultaneously removing all weeds. The two-year-old bush is no longer afraid of the neighborhood of weeds and covers the garden bed with a thick, beautiful carpet.

Informative! The Germans and British consider the flower a symbol of love and innocence. In support of this, references to cloves are found in numerous historical legends and myths.

Diseases and pests

On suburban areas the flower is extremely rarely susceptible to various diseases. But when grown in an urban area, the beauty of the plant can be spoiled by some diseases.

Rust - affects the crop when high humidity and an excess of nitrogen fertilizers in the soil. It manifests itself in the formation of convex rusty spots on the back of the sheet. The diseased plant must be treated with HOM. The affected foliage is torn off.

Fusarium - affects the stems from the inside, thereby destroying it. Affected bushes are urgently removed from the flowerbed. Destroy diseased residues outside the site (burn). The growth site is treated with fungicides to prevent the spread of the disease. Treatment is carried out twice every 15 days.

The main pest for carnations is the mole cricket. Living in the soil, it damages the root system of the plant. The only method of pest control is the manual collection of all detected individuals. Insects are selected when digging up a site, as well as when delivering a new batch of manure.

Conclusion

Thanks to the intensive work of breeders, many varieties of carnations have been developed recently, with an amazing variety of shapes and colors. Despite the apparent unpretentiousness, when growing a flower you should still follow the rules of cultivation.

Don't neglect the right choice places for planting, because the flower will grow well only on fertile soil. The bed should be well lit and at the same time hidden from the scorching rays of the sun. Regularity and correct watering directly affects healthy flowering.

Caring for a Turkish beauty does not cause much trouble. By regularly monitoring the plant, you can detect a disease or pest attack in time. not only has a pleasant aroma, but is also an excellent addition to the design of a flower garden, and by studying the information on the issue: Turkish carnation growing from seeds and with a minimum of effort, you can get a flower garden that will delight you both in person and in the photo.

Turkish cloves, or bearded carnation (lat. Dianthus barbatus)- a plant of the genus Carnation of the Carnation family. The generic name of the plant is translated from Greek as “flower of Zeus” or “divine flower”, and this carnation is called bearded for the presence of bracts with ciliated edges. Turkish clove is originally from Southern Europe. It grows on river sands, in groves, deciduous forests, meadows and rocks. The plant has been in cultivation since 1573, and today Turkish cloves can be found in almost every garden. It is used to create alpine slides, flower beds, borders and even as a ground cover plant.

Planting and caring for Turkish carnation (in brief)

• Bloom: from the end of June to the end of July.
• Landing: sowing seeds for seedlings - at the end of March or early April, planting seedlings in the ground - in the second half of May. Sowing seeds directly into the ground - at the end of May or early June, as well as in October, but before winter only dry seeds are sown.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: fertile, sandy loam or loamy.
• Watering: 2 times a week, with a consumption of 12-15 liters of water per 1 m² of area. In hot and dry summers you will have to water more often.
• Feeding: three times per season: when the seedlings grow to 10-12 cm, at the stage of formation of the first buds and during flowering. Both mineral and organic solutions can be used.
• Reproduction: seed - seedlings and non-seedlings.
• Pests: mole crickets and earwigs.
• Diseases: fusarium, rust and viral mottling.

Read more about growing Turkish cloves below.

Turkish cloves - description

Turkish clove is a herbaceous perennial grown in a biennial crop. It has straight, strong, knotty stems 30-75 cm high, glabrous, sessile, lanceolate opposite leaves, green or blue-green with a reddish tint, and numerous aromatic, double, semi-double or simple flowers with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 cm in different shades of white, red, pink, cream - one-color, two-color, variegated, velvety, with a border or an eye. The flowers are collected in a corymbose inflorescence up to 12 cm in diameter, which opens in the second year of life and blooms for a month from the end of June. In the first year, Turkish carnation forms only a rosette of leaves. The fruit of the plant is a capsule with black flat seeds that ripen by August and remain viable for 3 to 5 years. Turkish carnations are grown not only for landscaping, but also for cutting: its inflorescences stand in water for up to two weeks.

Sowing Turkish cloves

If you decide to grow Turkish cloves in seedlings, then sowing is carried out in March or early April in a substrate previously disinfected with a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate. The substrate is prepared from sand and leaf humus in equal parts. Instead of sand, you can use vermiculite. Boxes or containers that must be washed before use can be used as containers. hot water with soda. A drainage layer is placed at the bottom of the container, and a wet substrate is placed on top.

Turkish clove seeds are sown to a depth of 1 cm, placing them at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. The crops are covered with loose white paper and kept at a temperature of 16-18 ºC, from time to time moistening the substrate from a spray bottle with water at room temperature.

Caring for Turkish carnation seedlings

As soon as the seedlings appear, the crops are moved as close to the light as possible, and the temperature is lowered by 2-3 degrees so that the seedlings do not stretch out. It is likely that you will have to provide additional lighting for the seedlings, since the plants need a lot of light. At the stage of formation of the second pair of true leaves, the seedlings dive into peat pots with a soil mixture of the same composition in which you sowed the seeds. Caring for Turkish carnation seedlings consists of regular watering and careful loosening of the substrate around the seedlings.

Seedlings are planted in open ground in the second half of May, when warm weather sets in, but before planting, Turkish carnation seedlings must undergo hardening procedures: the crops are taken out to the ground every day. open air, gradually increasing the duration of the session. At first half an hour is enough, but in two weeks the Turkish carnation from seeds should get used to the new environment so much that you can safely plant it in a flowerbed.

Sowing Turkish cloves in the ground

When to sow Turkish cloves in open ground

Turkish carnation flowers can be sown directly in the garden, bypassing the stage of growing seedlings. When to plant Turkish cloves in the ground? At the end of May or at the beginning of June, when the soil has warmed up and the threat of return frosts has passed. You can sow Turkish clove seeds in October, but do not forget that any autumn sowing should be carried out with dry seeds, and the soil should also be dry. In the fall, crops are mulched with peat or sawdust, and in the spring the mulch is removed.

How to plant Turkish cloves in the garden

Choose a sunny area for the plant fertile soil, best sandy or loamy. One to two weeks before sowing, the soil on the site should be dug up to a depth of 20-25 cm with the simultaneous application of compost or humus and wood ash at the rate of 6-8 kg of organic matter and 200-300 g of ash per 1 m² of site. You can also add mineral fertilizers: a tablespoon of Nitrophoska and a teaspoon of Agricola for flowering plants for the same unit of area. After digging, the area is covered with plastic film.

When the time comes to sow cloves, the film is removed, grooves 1-1.5 cm deep are made in the soil at a distance of 15 cm from each other, they are well shed with water, and then the seeds are laid out in them in increments of 2-3 cm. After planting the seeds, the surface lightly compact and cover with non-woven material until emergence.

Caring for Turkish Carnation

How to care for Turkish cloves

Garden Turkish carnation needs regular watering: 2 times a week at a rate of 12-15 liters per m² of land. If the summer is dry and hot, then you will have to water more often. Try to pour water on the ground so that the stream does not fall on the plant itself, otherwise it may get sunburn. However, if the carnation grows in lowlands, be careful with watering, otherwise the plant may develop root rot from waterlogging: as soon as you find that the Turkish carnation is shedding its root rosettes, treat it with a solution of 40 g of HOM in 10 liters of water.

Growing Turkish cloves involves adding fertilizer to the soil. The first fertilizing is carried out when the seedlings reach a height of 10-12 cm. As a fertilizer, use a solution of one tablespoon of Nitrophoska and one tablespoon of Agricola Forward in 10 liters of water. The next time the plant is fed at the stage of formation of the first buds: a tablespoon of superphosphate and potassium sulfate is diluted in 10 liters of water. During flowering, add a solution of 1 tablespoon of Agricola for flowering plants to the soil in 10 liters of water.

After watering, rain and fertilizing, the soil around the plants must be loosened to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture. Do not forget to also remove weeds in a timely manner and cut off faded stems at a height of 10-15 cm from the ground: in a month, the carnation will grow new shoots, and by autumn it may bloom again.

Although the perennial Turkish carnation is a frost-resistant plant, it will tolerate the winter better under a layer of peat or humus 8-10 cm thick. In general, under favorable conditions and good care The lifespan of a perennial carnation is 5-6 years, and in less fortunate circumstances - at most 2-3 years.

Pests and diseases of Turkish cloves

Under normal conditions, the Turkish carnation usually does not get sick, and insects rarely damage it, but sometimes troubles do happen, and you need to be prepared for them. What can cause Turkish carnation diseases in the garden? In addition to being sensitive to heavy metals and urban smoke, it can be affected by:

• Fusarium is a fungal disease that destroys the vascular system of a plant. The leaves of the carnation evenly turn yellow, wither, but do not fall off, the stem turns red or turns brown, the flowers do not open completely or do not open at all, the basal part of the stem and the root system of the plant rot. Sick specimens must be destroyed immediately, while still healthy plants and the soil around them are treated with a fungicidal preparation in two stages with an interval of 10-15 days;
• rust is also a fungal disease that affects the leaves, petioles and stems of cloves: brown swellings with yellowish spots appear on them, the plants are depressed, the stems dry out and break. The disease progresses against the background of increased soil moisture, excess nitrogen and lack of potassium. When signs of disease appear, plants are treated with one percent Bordeaux mixture, a solution of the drug XOM or any other fungicide with a similar effect;
• mottling may appear in spring in the form of spots on leaves without clear contours, deformation of flowers and variegation. There is no cure for this viral disease, so affected plants are destroyed.

Of the pests, the Turkish carnation can be annoyed by mole crickets and earwigs that damage the roots, from which the seedlings, young shoots and flowers of the plant suffer. The fight against mole crickets and earwigs is carried out by such means as digging up the soil in the fall and setting up traps: dig a hole, fill it with manure and cover it with something from the rain. The mole crickets will gather in a hole to spend the winter in the warmth, and in the spring they can be destroyed. IN summer time Mole crickets can be limed by pouring a concentrated soap solution into the passages leading to their nests, and for earwigs, bait is laid out around the area in the form of piles of wet grass or half-rotted hay covered with planks, into which the pests crawl to hide from the heat.

Unlike other types of carnations, which are long-day plants, domestic Turkish carnations can grow in partial shade without compromising health and decorativeness. The optimal temperature for the plant is 15-18 ºC.

Turkish cloves need fertile, neutral soil, for example, a mixture of leaf soil, sand, peat and turf soil in a ratio of 1:1:1:2. Before planting, the mixture is disinfected. When transplanting, the root collar should remain level with the surface of the site. To form a more lush bush, young carnations are pinched as soon as it has 5-7 pairs of leaves.

You need to water the cloves abundantly - the earthen lump in the pot should not dry out. Water for irrigation is used soft, at room temperature. In the evening, during the hot summer, Turkish cloves are sprayed.

Starting from the age of one month, carnations are fed every ten days with complex mineral fertilizer for flowering plants. Dilute fertilizers in water with the addition of milk and spray the soil in the pot with a spray bottle with this solution. Feeding is applied from spring to October, in winter time the plant is not fed.

Turkish cloves can be affected at home spider mites, aphids and mealybugs. Wash off the pests with a soap solution, then spray the plant with an infusion of tansy, celandine or yarrow, but if these measures do not give results, treat the Turkish carnation with Actellik, Aktara or another insectoacaricide.

Varieties of Turkish cloves

The most common varieties of Turkish cloves are:

• Diadem– bushes up to 45 cm high with shoots and leaves of dark green color with a red tint and dark red nodes. Dark carmine flowers with a large white eye and serrated edge petals are collected in an inflorescence up to 10 cm in diameter;
• Scarlet Beauty– bushes 45-50 cm high with dark green leaves and shoots and bright red flowers up to 23 mm in diameter with petals serrated along the edge;
• Heimatland– bushes up to 50 cm high with shoots and leaves of dark green color with a dark red tint. The flowers are dark red, up to 2 cm in diameter, with an eye and petals deeply serrated along the edge. The inflorescences of this variety are up to 12 cm in diameter;
• Lakhskenigin– a variety about 45 cm high with large inflorescences of salmon-pink flowers;
• Schneebal– white Turkish carnation up to 40 cm high with green leaves and shoots. Terry flowers with jagged edges of the petals are collected in inflorescences up to 11 cm in diameter;
• Weiss Risen– bushes up to half a meter high with green leaves and shoots and white flowers with a diameter of up to 25 mm, collected in inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter;
• Kupferrot– bushes up to half a meter high with dark green leaves and shoots and copper-red flowers up to 22 mm in diameter with jagged edges. Inflorescences reach a diameter of 9-10 cm;
• Egyptian– a variety up to 60 cm high with narrow burgundy leaves and catchy dark burgundy flowers with a white border;
• Undine– this variety has purple flowers with a white center and a white border.

The Holland variety has also gained popularity - a group of varieties about 60 cm high with branched stems and multi-flowered inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter. Cut flowers from this series last up to two weeks.

Turkish carnation is a real find for a gardener! An unpretentious, long-flowering plant with bright inflorescences and delicate aroma, cloves do not leave anyone indifferent. How to grow Turkish cloves from seeds: when to plant and how to care for them?

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Carnation is an ornamental biennial plant with corymbose inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter. They are formed by flowers no larger than 2 cm in size. Flowers in the inflorescences of simple varieties consist of 5 petals, double ones - of 8-10 petals. Depending on the variety, cloves are divided into low-growing (15−20 cm) and tall (40−60 cm).

The popularity of the flower can be easily explained. Firstly, it’s captivating bright and unusual coloring of flowers. The palette includes all shades from noble burgundy to the most delicate pink tones, but there are also pure white flowers. Flowers often display borders, stripes or streaks of contrasting shades, creating a complex, interesting color.

Secondly, the plant is frost-resistant, so the carnation will begin to delight you with flowers in the spring and will continue to bloom until the end of July.

Finally, thirdly, carnation is not at all capricious. Caring for a grown flower is minimal, but the growing process itself will require time and effort. From proper preparation seeds before seed germination density and flower health depend.

There are two ways to grow cloves: seeds or seedlings. Planting seeds in the ground is carried out in winter, and it is important that the soil is dry when planting. Otherwise, with the onset of cold weather, the seeds will freeze and will not be able to germinate in the spring. The disadvantage of this method is that when sowing there is a high probability of distributing the seeds unevenly. Then in the spring some of the sprouts may die from overcrowding.

To obtain lush, healthy flowers, experienced gardeners recommend first growing seedlings, pricking them, and, closer to autumn, transplanting the stronger sprouts to a permanent place. It is better to start planting seeds in March - early April in order to have time to transplant the seedlings before the intense heat. A few steps on how to grow Turkish cloves:

1. Soil preparation. To speed up seed germination, it is recommended to prepare the soil in advance. To do this, mix in equal proportions garden soil and sand, moisten the soil, put the mixture in a container and cover it with film. After 2-3 days, the soil is loosened, moistened and again left under the film. This procedure needs to be repeated a couple more times with a break of two days, and after that the soil will be ready for planting.
2. Sowing. The method of planting Turkish carnation seeds is no different from the method of planting any other flower. The prepared soil is loosened, moistened and divided into several furrows (the depth of the furrow is no more than 1 cm, the distance between them is about 4 cm). Seeds are placed in each groove in an even thin layer and covered with sand. Containers are stored warm under film, excluding direct sunlight. Moderate watering is required; it is best to spray the soil with warm, settled water from a spray bottle.
3. Germination. Sprouts will begin to appear very quickly. They usually hatch within 7-10 days, but they can linger for 2 weeks. At this stage, the seedlings are placed in a cool place with additional lighting. If the conditions were more than favorable, the seeds will sprout too thickly and will have to be thinned out.
4. Picking. When the first leaves appear on the sprouts, Turkish clove seedlings can be transplanted into separate cups. You can also transplant into one common tub, but then you should maintain a distance of 5-8 cm between the seedlings. It is better to transplant in a cool place or do it in the evening. After picking, the sprouts still need to be covered with film. When the seedlings get stronger and grow, the protection can be removed.
5. Landing in the ground. In August, seedlings can be planted in open ground in a permanent place. Before planting, the soil is disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate. Transplantation is carried out carefully so as not to damage the root system. A distance of 20-30 cm is left between the sprouts. It is important not to waste time so that the carnation has time to take root before the first cold weather.

If weather conditions permit, seedlings can be planted directly into open ground. The steps are similar: in the evening or on a cool day, the soil needs to be disinfected, moistened, and seedlings should be planted at a distance of about 10 cm. At night, the sprouts must be covered with film to avoid hypothermia.

When planning a flower bed, you should remember that after sowing, the flower will bloom only in the second year.

There are cases that carnations bloom in the first year, but this happens very rarely. More often, in the first year only the formation of a bush occurs, and the next year the carnation grows to its normal size and blooms by mid-June. A healthy bush lives on average about 5 years.

Carnation does not tolerate bright sun; it will like shaded places more. It blooms well in fertile soil enriched with humus, ash or mineral fertilizers.

Before wintering, young shoots are covered with greenhouse material or spruce branches. In particularly cold areas, the soil can be mulched with humus or peat before winter. As the weather gets warmer, the insulation is removed and, if necessary, shading is provided.

It is important to follow several rules when caring:

• Use high-quality fertilizers;
• Loosen and mulch the soil;
• Water regularly.

In the spring and during the growth period, carnations will like organic fertilizers: peat, ash, humus. Before the first flowering, you should feed the flower with a complex fertilizer for flowering plants. You need to repeat the procedure when buds set and during flowering. It will also be useful to apply fertilizer before wintering, providing the plant with nutrients for the upcoming cold period.

Carnations are susceptible to the development of root rot, so it is important to ensure the supply of oxygen to the roots: regularly loosen the soil around the plant, remove weeds and damaged shoots.

You also need to pay close attention to the plant after heavy rain: the plant may be heavily flooded with water or the roots will be washed away. In this case, the soil around the flower needs to be loosened, new soil added if necessary, and the lower shoots treated with copper sulfate.

It is better to water the plant once a week, on hot dry days - once every 5 days. Water should be in moderation; excessive humidity increases the risk of rot. The volume of water is taken at the rate of 12 liters per 1 sq.m. Basically, they moisten the soil around the flower; it is better to leave the plant itself dry. As autumn approaches, watering is gradually reduced.

The root system usually suffers from mole crickets and mice. The former destroy it by building passages to the nests, the latter feed on the roots during frosts. You can escape from mole crickets by digging up the entire area or setting a trap for them. Bait with poison located near flowers will help in the fight against mice. In winter, to prevent digging, you can trample the snow around the bush.

In addition to rot, the plant is often attacked by fungi. If the leaves begin to turn yellow and wither, and the flowers stop blooming, then the carnation has contracted fusarium. With this disease, the vascular system of the flower suffers.

The flower is immediately removed from the flowerbed, and as a preventative measure, the remaining plants are treated with any fungicide.

Another fungal disease, rust, occurs when there is excess moisture. The plant becomes covered with yellow-brown spots, fades and dries up. If the disease has just manifested itself, the flower should be treated with HOM in accordance with the instructions.

At proper care Turkish carnation will decorate any, even the driest corner of the garden. Low-growing varieties will bring bright colors to the alpine hill, tall ones will become an excellent hedge. Proper care will allow you to enjoy this beauty for many years.

How and when to plant cloves in more detail on the video:

Carnation is translated from Latin as “flower of God.” Historically, for the ancient Romans and Greeks, the carnation symbolized victory in bloody battles, and in America it became a symbol of maternal love and a gift for Mother's Day. After all, according to Christian legend, where the tears of the Virgin Mary fell during the execution of Jesus Christ, amazing flowers sprouted - carnations.

Turkish clove was named for the similarity of its aroma with the oriental spice - the buds of the clove tree. There are two types: short (up to 20 cm) and tall (about 80 cm). The petals amaze with their richness of colors - from soft pink to carmine red with many inclusions and dashes. The flowers are collected in large inflorescences 10–12 cm in size. They can be simple (up to 5 petals) or double in the form of huge caps. Unlike, this type of flower is very well known to all summer residents and residents of private houses.

Turkish cloves are a perennial crop, but most gardeners prefer to grow them for two years. In the first year a bush of leaves grows, in the second year flower stalks appear. Clove fruits are small capsules containing small black seeds.

Turkish cloves - growing from seeds

Growing from seeds is the most popular method of propagating this type of carnation. It is necessary to begin sowing in May, after the end of frost. This flower prefers loamy and sandy soils. fertile soil with low acidity. Before planting, the soil can be enriched with potassium fertilizers without chlorine.

Two weeks before planting the seeds, the soil must be dug to a depth of about 25 cm, loosened and covered with film. At the time of planting, even furrows are made at a distance of at least 15 cm and watered with cool water. It is better to plant the seeds shallowly, leaving an interval of up to 2 cm between them.

After planting, the soil is lightly pressed with a hand or a board and covered with non-woven material or glass. It is possible to observe the emergence of seedlings after 8–10 days. The covering material is removed, and after 20 days the plants are picked. It is best to carry it out in the evening or on cloudy days, protecting young crops from sunburn. In August, flowers are planted in their permanent habitat.

Rules of care - how to please a Turkish beauty?

The Turkish flower loves light and warmth, but also grows well in partial shade. It will look most impressive among boulders and stones, which is why it is a frequent guest in rockeries. Both young and two-year-old flowers should be watered 1-2 times a week. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged, to avoid root rot. Watering is carried out at the roots so that the sun's rays do not damage the leaves and flowers of the plant.

For the winter, the soil should be mulched with peat or pine bark humus. For proper development and bright colors, the presence of nitrogen and its compounds is dangerous. Then it is advisable to cover the planting sites of the carnations with spruce branches.

In the spring, when the snow melts, it is important to protect young shoots from the sun. It is better to cover the bed with sun protection material until the shoots become 10–12 cm in height.

It is then that the plants are first fertilized with nitrogen. When the buds appear on the flowers, the soil is fertilized a second time with potassium sulfate and superphosphates. Turkish carnation flowers bloom in June-July and delight our eyes long time. Some remontant varieties may bloom again in the fall.

Turkish carnation is loved by many gardeners - it is unpretentious, beautiful and exudes an intoxicating aroma. It is grown as a biennial - in the first year a lush rosette of basal leaves is formed, in the second year flowering begins, it lasts a month or more (June-July). Being a short-lived perennial, already in the third year the bushes lose their decorative effect or even die. But every summer you can admire a charming plant called Turkish Carnation. Growing from seeds is the main way of propagating it; it will help fulfill your desire.

DESCRIPTION OF TURKISH CLOVE

Turkish carnation (Dianthus barbatus) is one of the species of the genus Carnation. Less commonly referred to as bearded carnation, for the British this species is better known as Sweet William - the flowers are really sweet and edible. Growing in the mountainous south of Europe and partly in Asia, the plant was cultivated by man many centuries ago. It gained its greatest popularity in Europe in the 16th century. Turkish cloves have long spread to many countries of the world in both hemispheres as a garden plant, and in some of them settled in the wild. Its habitat is a temperate climate zone. Cultivated varieties and garden forms are superior to wild relatives in decorativeness and diversity.

The herbaceous plant consists of a knotty stem, blue-green or green linear-lanceolate leaves and many flowers collected in corymbose/cap-shaped inflorescences, the diameter of which is about 10 cm. The flowers themselves consist of five petals, fragrant, small - 1.5-3 cm in diameter, but up to 30 of them can bloom at the same time! On one plant you can observe several inflorescences at once; this carnation looks like a small bush.

It's not just the variety that pleases color range this type, but also different shape flowers - they can be simple or double. There are monochromatic inflorescences and varieties with variegated flowers, when the core is painted one color, and the edges of the flower have a different shade. It can be burgundy, white, pink, dark red or another color. Modern varieties are sometimes wine-black or purple, there are delicate lilac shades. Multi-colored strokes, spots, patterns in the form of eyes, and borders are often applied to the surface of the petals. Probably, bright color and the painting of petals, which evokes an association with Turkish ornaments and carpets, is why this type of carnation was called Turkish. Some of its varieties also have burgundy leaves.

Based on the height of the stems, Turkish cloves are divided into low- and tall-growing. In the first group, plants are from 15 to 35 cm, in the second - up to 90 cm.

VARIETIES OF TURKISH CLOVES

Growing from seeds begins with choosing the variety you like. Often they are combined into series with similar characteristics of plants, differing in the color of the flowers.

Macarena F1– a popular mixture of Turkish cloves. Double flowers have pink, fuchsia, burgundy, white colors and velvety petals. Flowers collected in dense inflorescences have a contrasting core and border. Strong stems up to 70 cm high allow the plants to be used not only in flower beds and containers, but also for cutting.

Little Willie- a low-growing Turkish carnation 20 cm high. It forms multiple inflorescences with a diameter of 10 - 12 cm. There are varieties with red, burgundy, pink and white flowers. They seem to be painted with borders, strokes and dots, or trimmed with skirts. Plants are used as ground cover or balcony, as well as in rock gardens and for small fragrant bouquets.

Dynasty F1– double flowers are collected in spherical inflorescences. The series contains white, pink, pink with a border, scarlet, purple, and burgundy coloring of inflorescences. Low-growing bushes up to 40 cm in height have well-branched, strong stems. Very winter hardy. When grown from seeds in early spring, it blooms in the year of sowing.

Novern F1– spherical inflorescences of original-shaped flowers of the brightest and most unusual colors. Height 50 cm, inflorescence diameter up to 11 cm.

Egyptian– the color of the very fragrant inflorescences is striking, dark burgundy, the flowers are edged with a white border and rise on 60-centimeter peduncles. Flowering lasts for 2 months. Narrow burgundy leaves also serve as decoration. The variety can be used for commercial cultivation.

Undine- unusual purple color of flowers with a white core and white border.

Duplex- variegated inflorescences of delicate white-pink flowers.

Nigricans- dark burgundy, almost black carnation with a barely visible edging of the core. The leaves change color from green to burgundy.

Purple Mountain– inflorescences of a rare purple color

Noverna Clown F1– each inflorescence of this Turkish carnation contains flowers of different colors in light and pure tones: white, scarlet, fuchsia, pink. They seem to radiate light and joy, giving a positive mood. The bushes are compact, with many inflorescences, good for flower pots and balcony boxes, flower beds and rock gardens.

Black– in a series of plants with wine-burgundy-black flowers, the leaves can also be burgundy. Blooms in the year of sowing! With direct sowing in the ground in April-May, flowering begins in July; when growing seedlings from seeds, sowing is carried out in March-April, then flowering of this Turkish carnation begins in June. Plants 50-90 cm high.

Diabunda F1- a low-growing hybrid of Chinese and Turkish carnations. There are six different colors in the series. Flowering is very early, abundant and long lasting. Often used for growing seedlings for sale.

The domestic seed market also offers wonderful varieties Summer Fantasy, Indian Carpet, Beauty of the East, Colored Pattern, White Queen, Scarlet Beauty, the Turkish Carnation series Mirage, Bayerre and others.

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GROWING FROM SEEDS

Turkish carnation loves light sandy and loamy soil of neutral or slightly alkaline acidity, well drained. It is preferable to place it in a sunny place or in partial shade. It is in such conditions that a growing bed should be formed, and later a permanent place of growth should be chosen.

Seeds are sown from early June to late July. At this time, the main sowing work in the garden has already been completed, and there is time to start working on flowers. For planting, you can use the place where early greenery grew before, and at the end of the summer season or in the spring, plant seedlings in the place of future flowering.

The seeds are placed in moist grooves, the depth of which is 0.5-1 cm, and sprinkled with a thin layer of soil. The distance between the rows is 15 cm. The crops are watered from a watering can. To improve the quality of seed germination, it is better to cover this area with non-woven covering material.

On the eighth – tenth day, shoots will appear. Then the cover needs to be removed or thrown over the arches so as not to damage the seedlings. In such conditions, soil moisture is better retained. Growing Turkish cloves from seeds without shelter will require more frequent watering. To avoid an earthen crust, you can sprinkle a little peat on top of the furrows.

After about 20-30 days, the excess plants are weeded out, and a distance of 5-10 cm is maintained between the remaining ones, depending on the height of the variety. After some time, the grown seedlings are again pulled apart at a distance of up to 20 cm. Approximately once every 14 days, the seedlings are watered with a soluble complex fertilizer for flowers or a weak solution of nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

PLANTING TURKISH CLOVES

In 1.5 - 2 months after sowing the seeds, the plants have time to form well, and in August it is possible to plant Turkish cloves in a permanent place according to the 20x30-35 pattern. Then the plants take root well before frost. The transplant is carried out with a clod of earth, then watered well, and in sunny, hot weather, shaded temporarily. The place for planting Turkish cloves is first dug up, compost or humus, ash or mineral fertilizer is added to the soil according to the instructions.

In the photo: Why is the Turkish carnation bearded?

Since August, Turkish cloves have not been fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. You can use an infusion of ash or mineral fertilizers by placing 1 tbsp in a 10-liter bucket of water. l. potassium sulfate and crushed double superphosphate. This solution promotes better wintering. The first feeding can be done a week after transplantation. Planting Turkish carnations in a permanent place is also possible in the spring. If you have cold and little snowy winters or a non-frost-resistant variety, insulate the root system with peat and cover the plant with spruce branches. In the regions middle zone and further south, Turkish carnation usually tolerates winter well without shelter.

TURKISH CLOVE – CARE FOR THE SECOND YEAR

Growing from seeds makes it possible to see Turkish cloves in all their glory only in the second year. For this, the plants will require little care. Of course, this means periodic evening watering in hot weather, even though the plant is considered drought-resistant. After them, in the morning they loosen the soil and remove weeds. Fertilizing, which the Turkish carnation loves, has a beneficial effect.

Plant care also involves preventing and combating diseases, the most common of which is Fusarium wilt. To protect yourself from troubles, do not allow water to stagnate at the roots, this can lead to rotting of them and the rosette. If infection occurs, remove diseased plants to prevent damage to others. Preventive treatment with fungicides, for example Fitosporin, will help prevent the spread of fungal infections.

Removing faded buds will help preserve the decorative Turkish carnation planting longer and prolong flowering. You can leave the inflorescences for the seeds to ripen in order to sow the cloves again, but you should not do this with hybrids - the seeds will not convey the properties of the mother plant. Hybrids are best propagated by cuttings or purchased seeds.

PROPAGATION OF TURKISH CLOVES BY CUTTINGS AND LAYINGS

Cuttings are taken from two-year-old plants in June and planted slightly obliquely in loose, moist soil in the shade. You can plant it in a greenhouse and shade it. When, after approximately 3 weeks, the carnation begins to grow, we can assume that rooting has occurred successfully. Planting cuttings of Turkish carnation in a permanent place is carried out in August, flowering occurs the following summer.

You can propagate Turkish cloves by layering. In this case, the characteristics of the mother plant are also preserved. To do this, the stems of 2-year-old carnations need to be spread around the bush in mid-June, secured if necessary and sprinkled with damp soil. The top of the stem should be in a vertical position. To do this, the tips of the shoots need to be tied to a support. After 1 - 1.5 months, rooting will occur. Then the cuttings need to be planted in a permanent place.

Dense bushes of Turkish carnation successfully reproduce by division.

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A FEW TIPS

At the beginning, cultivation from Turkish clove seeds can be done in seedling containers. This is justified if there are not so many seeds for propagation. Using a good substrate, you will avoid weeds and save every seed - it will grow into a beautiful fragrant flower. Plant seedlings with 2-3 leaves in cups or on a growing bed. Further care for Turkish cloves will be simple (see above).

Turkish cloves are frost-resistant. Therefore, it is possible to plant dry seeds before winter in October in frozen furrows. The crops are sprinkled with loose, unfrozen soil and mulched with peat. In spring, the mulch is removed. Shoots appear in moist, warm soil.

If you start growing Turkish carnation from seeds in an apartment or greenhouse in March-April, the plants will bloom in the year of sowing in June-August. Seeds will need a temperature of +18-22 °C for germination, and for seedlings, so as not to stretch out and bush, the best temperature will be +17-18 °C.

By cutting off the faded plants, you can wait for the Turkish carnation to bloom again in August-September, although not as spectacular as in early summer.

Don't be discouraged if you don't have time to update your plantings every year. In the far corner of the garden, the Turkish carnation will reproduce by self-sowing, and its few inflorescences in this case will delight you.

Planting Turkish carnations does not have to be done in a flower bed. Low-growing varieties will fit well into a rock garden or rock garden; as a ground cover plant they will decorate an inconspicuous area in the garden; planted in flowerpots or boxes they will fill your balcony, terrace or patio with fragrance and color. Tall Turkish carnations are beautiful in borders, ridges, planted in a group against the background of a lawn or among shrubs. Both fit well into natural style gardens. The aroma and color of flowers attracts butterflies, bumblebees, and some birds.

Cut several plants for a bouquet - wonderful cut flowers last up to two weeks. This property is often used by florists.

This is what it is - a Turkish carnation, planting and caring for which even novice flower growers can do. In response to your care, she will give you rich colors and an amazing fragrance!