Pergola with a gate with their own hands. Do-it-yourself pergola: diagram and step-by-step instructions

Many people who are tired among the city hustle and bustle try to move beyond the big cities at least for the weekend. Summer cottages are not always a place for growing vegetables and fruits, much more often they are a recreation area for the soul and body. Small hand-made buildings, such as a pergola, add beauty and convenience to the countryside.

General idea of ​​the pergola

The purpose of the first pergolas in the Roman Empire was to support the vine.

In modern times, such structures most often serve as a decorative element of the landscape. Creeping and creeping plants wrap around the pergola and are used by owners of private houses and suburban areas to create shady places and transitions.

Vine Support

A pergola is one or more arches connected by a crate. Such wooden structures, of course, are a wonderful decoration of the landscape, but they also have functionality.

1. Creation of a shaded place in the recreation area.
2. Use as a transition from one place to another.
3. Division of a suburban area into zones.
4. Decoration of the main house building.
5. Masking of old or not very successful architectural structures.
6. Basis for vines or other creeping plants.

Design features

In its classical form, a pergola is a structure in the form of two-row support pillars connected by an upper ceiling. The pillars are mounted on a specially created foundation, on the upper part of the pergola - trellis filling and joining bars, boards.

The pergola, unlike the gazebo, does not completely hide the sky, through the gaps wooden materials you can see bits of air space in any weather or contemplate beautiful climbing plants, conveniently located on the entire surface of the pergola.

For pillars, strong racks with a height of at least two and a half meters are used. These poles are installed on an individual foundation or these poles are strengthened with metal crutches, digging them in to a depth of 60–70 cm. Another type of pole fastening is to place them in quadrangular metal shoes.

A beam or round logs are quite suitable for pergola racks, but it is not forbidden to make poles from typesetting rails, poles with different type processing, metal pipes.

So-called girders (beams) are placed on top of the pillars, along the perpendicular to which there are crossbar boards (section 20 by 5 cm).

For building beautiful pergola it is desirable to observe certain proportions. The construction in which the height of the pillars is much greater than the distance between them does not look quite harmonious. Therefore, most often they make measurements between the posts along the pergola - 3 - 3.5 m. Pergolas that are too high or very low look ridiculous.

Material selection

According to tradition, wooden structures are used for the construction of pergolas.

Wooden pergola:

• light;
• durable;
• reliable;
• solid.

Structures of varying complexity can be built from wooden materials, they fit well together and, if necessary, are easily transferred from place to place.

Traditional wooden pergola

If you want to be original, then take the skinned tree trunks as supports, emphasizing the connection of man with primordial nature.

You can make pergolas with poles from metal structures and decorate them with forged openwork elements.

Looks great metal pergola with openwork forged decor

Sandstone, brick, hewn stone, concrete, metallic profile, wire - can also be taken as building materials for erecting a pergola on your own suburban area.

Pergolas-passages along the paths using forging and entwined with ivy, ornamental grapes and other suitable plants look beautiful and “airy”.

The materials used in the construction of the pergola can be combined. An excellent option is metal racks made of pipes (diameter 4 cm), to which crossbars of transverse wooden beams are attached.

Implementation in human life plastic materials can be used in suburban buildings. But it must be borne in mind that plants take root worse on plastic structures (unlike wooden ones).

Excellent plastic construction will successfully fit into the landscape design of modern suburban areas

Buildings made of stone, although very spectacular, can only be made by a specialist. The processing of a monolithic stone is difficult and lends itself better skillful hands professionals.

It is somewhat easier to work with a brick. This material can also be mastered by ordinary people who want to decorate their suburban place of residence.

The form

Do not think that the pergola is only rectangular structures. Such landscape decorations can be of other forms:

• in the form of a fan;
• corner;
• multi-level;
• wall-mounted;
• double row;
• single row;
• arched;
• round;
• square, etc.

By connecting several pergolas at once, you can get a whole architectural ensemble of beautiful structures. The choice of material, size and shape of the pergola depends on the style decision country house and the site as a whole.

Photo gallery: design features

corner pergola The connection of different shapes and different levels is perfectly intertwined in this pergola Pergolas can be round, as in this photo This type of pergola resembles a fan Arched pergola is very convenient for growing grapes

Location

Pergolas are installed anywhere in the suburban area. They can be free-standing structures or adjoining buildings to the main building. In the latter case, the pergola is securely attached to the wall of a house or other architectural structure. Such structures are static, as opposed to dynamic and directional structures.

Wall-mounted metal construction

Dynamic pergolas "move" along the paths laid on the site, creating a fertile shadow while walking along them. A beautiful corridor of plants climbing along the pergola structure will become not only the property of landscape design your dacha, but will also help you find the desired coolness on a hot summer day.

This is how walking paths framed by a metal pergola may look like

Inside the pergola, a bench for relaxation or a sculpture suitable for the theme of the landscape style and architecture of the building can be conveniently located.

Inside such a wooden pergola, you can relax and enjoy the beauties of the surrounding nature.

Pergola can be integral part input ensemble. In this case, an entrance door is attached to one of the racks.

Entrance structure with pergola

Getting ready to build

We buy materials

The type of materials, their quantity and quality depends on several factors:

• chosen design;
• dimensions of the future pergola;
• your wealth.

To build a pergola you will need wooden slats, metal pipes(depending on the base material), staples, metal corners, bolts, cords or thick wire.

The main quality of a metal building is its durability and strength. Wooden pergolas have an excellent ability to fit into any landscape corner. Brick buildings are best suited for areas with large areas.

If you are short of money, then a budget option building a pergola from plastic materials - for you. Such designs can become a harmonious continuation of the entire stylistic trend that triumphs on the hacienda.

Cooking Tools

As assistants-tools for work, you need to prepare:

• shovel or drill (for preparing holes for poles);
• level (to establish the horizontal or vertical surfaces);
• electric jigsaw (for sawing);
• tape measure (for measuring);
• screwdriver;
• drill;
• a bowl for mixing the solution;
• a stable stool or ladder.

The set of tools may vary depending on the selected materials and the design of the future pergola.

Making drawings

Of course, any building can be implemented most accurately and correctly if you first make a drawing and clearly follow all the parameters.

Drawings can be made by yourself if you are at least a little versed in this. If not, then place an order in the design studio or download finished project from the Internet. Each of these options has its pros and cons.

Pergola drawing

Drawings and projects to order from specialists can be expensive, but they will be individual and will be able to take into account all the features of your site, the location and purpose of the pergola.

The option from the Internet needs to be adapted to your conditions, since the selected drawings may not always fully fit your idea or capabilities.

Standard design

The main condition for the construction of a pergola is a strict adherence to the parameters. The principle of "measure seven times - cut one" is most suitable for building a pergola with your own hands.

Building a wooden structure

Algorithm for building a pergola from wood:

1. According to the drawing, we make markings on our site, indicating the parameters of the pergola with pegs.
2. In the places of the peg, you need to dig 4 holes for support pillars up to a depth of 60 cm.

   Holes for poles

3. We install poles in the pits and fill them with concrete or other bonding mortar. The height of the supports - according to the drawing.

   We concrete the base of the support

4. We are waiting for the mortar to dry completely and attach horizontal support beams (50 by 150 mm). At the beams from the edges, you need to make a rounding using an electric jigsaw. Fastening is carried out with screws (screwdriver).

   We fix horizontal beams

5. Now let's take a look at the crossbars. We exhibit required dimensions, using a tape measure, and cut out the grooves for inserting the crossbars into the support beams. We decorate the edges of the crossbars according to our idea - they can be curly or simply cut obliquely. The size of the crossbars is the same as the beams - 50 by 150 mm.

   crossbeams

6. On top of the crossbars, we install the upper slats (50 by 150 mm) with pre-cut grooves. The edges of the upper crossbars are also drawn according to the drawing.

   Attaching the top rails

7. We attach slopes to the pillars and support beams at a forty-five degree angle using screws for this.

A pergola can be used in this form, but more functional (when placing plants) it will be with trellises at the top, around which creeping flowers will wrap.

Video: making a wooden structure

Instructions for creating a metal pergola with your own hands

A metal pergola, like a wooden one, is also made after a preliminary drawing of the future structure. After acquiring the necessary material, we cut the pipes into fragments according to the specified parameters - for racks, crossbars and stiffeners. It is desirable to treat the pipes with special compounds against corrosion, thereby increasing the service life of the structure.

If there is a welding machine and a specialist who understands this, then the assembly of the structure will take place quickly and without any problems. You can use another option reliable fastening- using bolts.

Upper part of metal pergola

To make the vegetation more lush, it is possible to stretch a steel wire over the metal structures, stretching it from vertical racks to the earth's surface with a step between elements of 15–20 cm. Green plants will wrap around such a pergola quite tightly, leaving almost not a single centimeter for the penetration of the scorching sun. Beauty, coolness and Fresh air- all this can be "received" while in the shadow of this structure.

Great place to relax - metal pergola

Pergola functionality

Of course, the most common task that a pergola can do is protection from the hot sun. But this is not the only function performed by the pergola.

• A pergola can become a structure used to divide a site into zones. With the help of such a structure, it is easy to create a recreation area in which you can retire and escape from the daily hustle and bustle by reading your favorite book or talking with an interesting interlocutor.
• wooden or metal structure with climbing plants can become a wonderful living "tunnel" leading to a sports field, garage, swimming pool. And how pleasant it is to walk along the path, decorated with such an elegant design!
• The wall version of the pergola can be a beautiful entrance to the house.
• Demonstration of your favorite varieties of creeping plants is feasible with the help of a pergola. honeysuckle liana, climbing roses, clematis, princes will bloom in a lush color on such a design and become a luxurious decoration for your suburban area.

The pergola is not exotic, it is a great option for landscape design, which can be implemented in the country with your own hands, spending a minimum of effort and materials, and getting the maximum pleasure and beauty.

The pergola creates a comfortable partial shade, and can also serve as a supporting element for climbing plants, such as grapes and a number of others.

This material presents step-by-step instruction building a pergola with your own hands. The design of medium complexity is taken as a basis, which, if necessary, can be easily simplified.

This pergola diagram shows the main docking nodes and the dimensions of individual structural elements.

Installation of columns

The columns we use were purchased from a hardware store. They are hollow PVC pipes with a decorative base and capital.

To install the columns, you need to prepare the base. To do this, pits are dug at least 60 cm deep with a side of 30 cm, then pipes of the appropriate diameter are installed in them, which will act as formwork.

Inside the pipes, posts 1.5 m high from a 100 mm beam are placed. The columns are aligned along a pre-tensioned thread and poured cement mortar or concrete. Then you need to wait a couple of days for the concrete to gain the necessary strength.

The height of the columns is adjusted individually. They are turned upside down (so that after cutting the bottom, and not the top with a capital) and put on the posts, after which it is determined how much each of them needs to be shortened.

To cut PVC columns with a jigsaw, a saw blade with 10 teeth per inch is used.

From above, the columns are closed with wooden plugs, which are installed on glue.

In accordance with the diameter of the column, the pads will need to be screwed to the posts.

After that, the columns themselves are put on the columns and fixed with 75 mm self-tapping screws through pre-drilled holes.

Upper Assembly

Capitals are put on top of the columns, after which the extreme beams (50x250) are installed, marked in the diagram with the letter “E”, which are fixed with steel corners.

Two beams F1 and an average F2 (50x250 mm) are attached to them with the help of corners and self-tapping screws. After installing these three beams, 25x50 mm guides are screwed to them for the entire length. Self-tapping screws should grab the guides every 20 cm.

Crosswise (50x200) are mounted on rails and are attached to the main beams with three self-tapping screws on each side.

Sidewall manufacturing

The sidewalls are cut according to a template from a board of the same size as the crossbars (50x200). Then the planks are screwed to them from above, and the whole structure is attached to the beams and crossbars with the help of self-tapping screws.

After placing the sidewalls, the upper strips are mounted. Their number can be arbitrary in accordance with how shady you want to make the area under the pergola.

Finally, make ventilation holes in the column caps and install a PVC pipe with an angle fitting on the sealant.

Before painting the pergola, do not forget to putty and sand the heads of the screws.

Pergola on the site is exactly what can make it original and attractive. Despite the established traditions in landscape design and construction, there is always something new that can please us.

And, although it is difficult to call the “heroine” of our article something innovative, let’s be honest: until relatively recently, very few residents of the CIS countries heard about her, and, moreover, did not seek to build it with their own hands on a site next to country cottage or at the cottage. We are talking about such a design as a pergola for a summer residence or a garden. Of course, it is not as common as the more traditional climbing arch or garden gazebo with a bench.

Arched pergola option

However, this garden design is capable, to a certain extent, of replacing all similar structures known to us on the site, including vine sheds, bersos, trellises, rose trellises, arches with swings, and so on.

It is interesting! Correct stress in this word falls on the first syllable: pergola.

Unusual shape will give exclusivity

classic pergola

White color blends harmoniously with the classic appearance of the house

Of course, today there are many various kinds these garden structures. However, there is also the so-called classical understanding of what it is. So, according to a more traditional definition, a pergola is a series of arches, usually made of wood.

Modern design with glass on top

These wooden arches are connected by transverse beams in such a way that a kind of corridor is formed, which could be located along the path, leading you from one place of the site to another. Moreover, it is not about long corridor, but about a kind of canopy, which plays a rather decorative role.

A small round table and wicker chairs are a great option

The connection of horizontal arches or beams, depending on the design option, can be both more solid and easier, especially when it comes to flower trellises. By the way, not all flowers are suitable for pergolas. It is advisable to opt for long, climbing plant species.

Such a tent will close from both the rays of the sun and from raindrops.

By the way! You can learn more about which flowers to plant in the country.

Small structure with a swing

Another fact is also interesting. It is known for certain that the very first pergolas for grapes appeared already in the days of Ancient Rome. Over time, they began to be used as a decorative element for plots. Gradually, they acquired more and more new incarnations, becoming more diverse and interesting in terms of design.

Combination coloring is also a good option.

Pergola options: types for different tasks

Round shape: unusual but attractive

Today there are several types of pergolas. Each of these options has its own constructive and design differences, in view of what functional role it should perform. If we talk about how the word "pergula" is translated from Latin, then the main options are "canopy" and "extension".

What could be better than shade on a hot summer day? Curtains also help.

As for the performance of various functions, today a pergola for a summer residence, as well as for a suburban area next to a cottage, can be the following options:

1. A kind of tunnel, which is the closest to the original appearance and purpose of this structure. Rising above garden paths. The design is usually quite simple: this will be reassuring for those who want to learn how to make a pergola with their own hands. It is built for flowers and other climbing plants, for example, for grapes. This allows you to arrange excellent conditions for relaxing in the shade of a kind of "arbor", sitting on a bench under a green vine.
2. Wooden pergola canopy. This type of construction is a kind of tent, because it has a denser upper part. Partial shade will help to better endure the heat. In addition, in such a place you can install a bench for gatherings with relatives or friends. Alternatively, you can equip such a canopy on a playground for children. If we talk about the construct, then to a large extent it can resemble a kind of translucent veranda (in those cases when it adjoins the wall of the house); it can also be located separately from the main buildings on the site.
3. If we talk about such a function as zoning the space on the site, then one cannot help but recall the screen, which is a kind of pergola. If you want to have a fenced place for pleasant and secluded gatherings with your favorite book, then it is not at all necessary to build a full-fledged closed gazebo or canopy. In addition, when choosing one or another place on the site, you can, for example, hide unsightly outbuildings by covering them with a beautiful wooden or forged pergola. You can hide the recreation area from prying eyes, or simply block off the parking place of your car from the place where you used to have gatherings with friends.
4. I would like to recall about such a design as a visor. Generally, these types of pergolas are popular in southern countries or regions. The fact is that it is there that people often face the problem of overheating at home from the sunny side. This is due to the long exposure to the sun. Therefore, such a translucent visor with beams made of timber is used. On the one hand, it takes on a significant part of the sun's rays, and on the other hand, it does not create unnecessary stuffiness or darkening. In addition, if you care about reducing electricity consumption, then remember that in such conditions the air conditioner will “eat” you much less.

And here we see a whole soft corner

It should be noted that most types of pergolas will not be able to save you until the rain, because, first of all, they are not designed for such tasks. However, if you really want to have at least some kind of protection against sudden surging bad weather, then it is always possible to mount a small transparent coating on top. It can be cellular polycarbonate, plexiglass or something similar.

Original L-shape

But, at that time, remember that it is not necessary to completely cover the pergola with glass, since it will turn into a canopy, that is, into a completely different structure in terms of idea and design. At the same time, one should always look at how appropriate this or that type will be, not only in terms of aesthetic appeal, but also in terms of how functional it is.

Even such a small home can be transformed!

Tapestry: type of pergola or not?

Modern high-tech style

In general, they are similar, especially in terms of appearance. However, a wooden trellis is different from a pergola, even if it is made of the same material and their shapes are similar. The main difference lies in the functional component.

White color is just beautiful

So, if pergolas perform, first of all, an aesthetic task, and also close from the sun's rays, then the tapestries were originally built as a kind of support for clematis, climbing roses, ivy, grapes and other similar plants.

The fireplace will add more charm

In most cases, a trellis is a type of plant trellis. She can separate one part of the site from another, divide the garden into several sectors, and so on. Its dimensions can also be different.

An example of laying a floor with paving slabs

What to look out for

Arrangement of a large terrace

Before you make a pergola with your own hands or install a ready-made one, which you can buy at a garden center, an online store, or find a company that manufactures such custom-made garden structures, you need to take into account some points.

Small arch over the garden path

Let's list them briefly:

1. Regardless of what it is made of (wooden, aluminum or metal from other types of metal, forged, plastic, etc.), it must be durable and withstand not only the load, but also the long-term exposure to natural factors.
2. If you plan to install a pergola made of wood, then it should be treated with a special protective compound.
3. A pergola for landscape design of a site or a summer house should not look like an alien and detached element. It is necessary to achieve compatibility, regardless of whether it is made or. Buildings on the site may be different, but it is desirable that their style match.
4. Take care of durability. In this regard, a forged pergola is better than, for example, a plastic pergola. It resists better strong winds in autumn or spring, and also does not bend under snow in winter. At the same time, in addition to these pluses, she also has a minus - a rather high price.

Stone supports are expensive, but very beautiful

These are the main points that you should pay close attention to when arranging this design.

wicker plant tent

How to make a pergola with your own hands: step by step instructions

Many owners of dachas, cottages and country houses interested in the question of how to build a pergola yourself. This is not surprising since pergolas are among the most elegant designs in landscape design. Let's look at how to build a wooden pergola with your own hands, since wood is the most common material for such structures. Let's say right away that we will talk about the construction of an extension to the house, and not a separate building.

On such a bench with pillows, you can even lie down and sleep!

The work will include several main stages. This brief scheme will allow you to build similar structures of any size, from the simplest and very small, to quite impressive "peaks" for the terrace:

• The first stage is preparatory. We prepare everything necessary materials, including timber and, if necessary, crate and other structural elements, as well as the tools necessary for working with wood and fasteners.
• It is advisable to draw up a drawing in advance with detailed pictures and diagrams that will help in the work.
• Having decided what the width of the pergola will be, cut the necessary beams. One of them is attached to the wall of the house with anchors or long self-tapping screws.
• Columns, also known as studs, are installed in pre-dug holes. For greater strength, it is better to concrete the holes.
• We mount the second transverse beam to the installed columns.
• We cut the longitudinal beams, in accordance with the drawing. It should be noted that the length of the beams should protrude somewhat outward, as if hanging over the outer transverse beam.
• We measure the places of their installation to the transverse bars and mark them.
• We mount the beams, after which you can additionally attach other decorative elements made of wood. But this is already optional.

Example of a pergola over a terrace

In any case, this is just one of the many options for how to build a pergola yourself. You can get some ideas by watching the video instruction with a step-by-step guide:

After completion of the work, you can do additional arrangement and decoration of the resulting gazebo. So, one of the most attractive options is a white pergola. By the way, for a long service life, as well as for a pleasant and attractive appearance, it is desirable to paint wooden elements designs with varnish or paint.

Gravel on the ground is a great solution as it quickly absorbs moisture after rain.

Choice of colors

Brown color goes well with the greenery of grass and shrubs.

The creation of a pergola in a country house or suburban area does not end with the construction of the main structure and its painting. Not all, but very many such designs are initially, as planned, or later decorated with flowers or other plants. It can be a "hedge" or just individual flowers in decorative pots. It is necessary to select plants for pergolas with the expectation that in different times year, spring, summer and autumn, they will look different. Thus, the whole appearance of this pergola canopy will vary significantly, depending on the time of year.

Looks great wooden furniture: table and chairs

So here are a few short rules to keep in mind:

1. There is no need to select too many types of plants (lianas, flowers, etc.), as this will complicate their care.
2. It is advisable to choose flowers with similar growth periods.
3. It is best to choose perennials that would be unpretentious and resistant to not the most simple conditions cultivation.
4. Those plants that do not tolerate winter well, it is advisable to cover, or take care of their transfer in advance to a place more suitable for this time of year.

Evening illumination with natural fire

One of the classic pergola climbing plants is parthenocissus. It curls well, and quickly enough forms a kind of green "tent", providing a pleasant stay. Landscape designers recommend it, among other things, because in the autumn months it changes its color, becoming crimson red. It looks very nice.

Potted flowers can also be used.

In addition to it, you can also plant wild or cultivated grapes (different varieties). However, the grape pergola is not the only options. Honeysuckle, climbing roses or honeysuckle are also beautiful and easy-care plants for such canopies and arches.

Having familiarized yourself with the theoretical part of what a pergola is, types, shapes and styles, you can proceed directly to the practical part - how to make a pergola with your own hands for a summer residence.

Depending on the type of pergola and the complexity of the design, the work can take from one to several days, and is carried out in several successive stages, from the idea to planting and decoration.

How to make a wooden pergola with your own hands - step by step instructions

Stage 1 - design

The design of the pergola itself is not complicated, because their diversity does not affect the stylistic decisions, the pergola device includes support posts, decorative sections and a roof. When developing a wooden pergola project, you need to take into account:

• the roof and walls are thought out in such a way as to provide maximum shade in the midday heat. Here it is important to take into account the location of the pergola, the presence of a number of trees and buildings;

• sufficiency of lighting. The pergola creates a pleasant shade, and does not hide part of the site from the sun. Therefore, the design of the pergola should provide sufficient light to ensure the vital activity of plants and a pleasant stay in the pergola;

Advice. It is better to have a pergola entrance group from North to South. This allows you to reduce the intensity of daylight due to the width of the slats, and provide evening and morning lighting due to the gaps between the slats.

• lot size and purpose. Pergola for roses, grapes or for relaxation - different in design and functionality;

Note. The size of a pergola is determined by the size of its roof. When they say “the size of the pergola is 2,000 by 2,000,” they mean exactly the dimensions of the roof slope.

• manufacturability pergola. At the design stage, it is decided whether it will have lighting, a fountain, a barbecue, a kitchen, etc. Pergolas for summer cottages are usually made light and small, for country houses - larger and more functional;

• take into account the design of other buildings on the site. The stylistic unity of all components emphasizes the thoughtfulness of landscape design and the sense of style of the owners of the house.

Stage 2 - the cost of purchasing a pergola

At this stage, we will consider how the price is formed and what makes up the cost of the pergola.

The easiest and fastest solution would be to purchase a finished structure. Moreover, you can buy a pergola both as a whole and section by section, and you can also order the manufacture of a pergola according to a drawing.

The price of a pergola is determined by many factors, their importance is given in descending order:

• making a pergola according to a drawing is the most expensive option. The cost depends on the material of manufacture, timing, complexity of the drawing, etc.;

• acquisition of a finished structure with subsequent installation. The kit is good because it contains all the necessary components. So, the leader of sales is a pergola metal team for plants;

• buying a drawing and making a pergola with your own hands;

• drawing development and phased production. In this case, work is carried out depending on the frequency of receipt of funds. This option is the most budgetary.

Stage 3 - making a wooden pergola with your own hands

Pergola drawing

Having chosen a place and decided on the purpose of the pergola, a drawing is being prepared. The correct scheme will make it possible to accurately determine the amount of material required, think over the connection points, take into account nearby buildings and trees, and visualize the project as a whole.

According to professionals, the only static parameter of pergolas is their height, for example:

• garden pergola for climbing plants ( optimal height up to 1 500 mm)

• pergola for relaxation - up to 2,500 mm.

The rest (width, length) - at the discretion of the owner. Here it is important to provide for: the width, length of the pergola, the dimensions of the supports, the distance between the supporting pillars, between the horizontal bars, determine the size of the roof and the amount of its overlap (hanging).

Note. It is advisable to make the design of the arch proportional, and also take the width of the pergola equal to or greater than its height - this will give the structure stability.

The scheme of the pergola, with the dimensions printed on it, serves as a starting point for starting work.

Consider how to make a pergola with your own hands using the example of a country pergola for relaxation.

What to make a pergola for grapes and climbing flowers?

Depending on the material used, there are:

• wooden;
• forged;
• metal;
• plastic;
• stone or brick;
• combined.

Building material for wood pergola

The material for the pergola must be chosen based on the style of the site. Regardless of the material, the design should look light and elegant.

To build a wooden pergola 3000x4200, 2500 mm high. you need to prepare:

• timber 100 * 100 * 3 300 mm - 4 pcs.;

• longitudinal beams 50 * 150 * 4 500 mm - 4 pcs.;

• cross beams 40 * 100 * 3,000 mm - 7 pcs.;

• rail 40 * 40 * 4000 mm - 10 pcs.;

• rail 20 * 40 mm for lathing (trellis);

• crushed stone, sand, cement, water - for foundation mortar (screw piles or metal supports can be used);

• fire retardants (protect from fire), antiseptics (protect from decay and pests), waste oil, resin or roofing material (for processing the lower part of the supports), varnish or paint;

• self-tapping screws, nails, screws, metal corners 40*40.

Tool: solution container, shovel, level, plumb line, trowel, chisel, hammer, hacksaw, jigsaw, planer, tape measure, rope and pegs, garden drill, drill.

Note. All lumber needs to be processed prior to manufacturing.

Foundation for a pergola

Preparation of the base for the construction of a pergola includes leveling the surface, marking the place in accordance with the drawing, digging a trench for shallow strip foundation. In practice, the construction of pergolas is not always accompanied by pouring the foundation. When choosing how to fix the pergola on the ground (in the ground), you need to know that there are 4 ways to make a reliable foundation:

1 way - pergola without foundation

This method is suitable for those who make a pergola for flowers. The lightweight construction of a wooden garden pergola is designed to support climbing plants that are light in weight. To install it, it is enough to prepare two supporting pillars and securely strengthen them.

2 way - pergola with strip foundation

To install a strip foundation on the site, you need to make markings, dig a trench for pouring concrete. The depth of the trench depends on the type of soil, but rarely exceeds 400 mm. A gravel-sand cushion must be laid at the bottom of the trench and carefully rammed. Next, a formwork is constructed, into which concrete is then poured. Until the concrete has completely dried, work should be stopped.

3 way - pergola with a columnar or pile foundation

The easiest, fastest and most rational way to make a pergola base. The use of a columnar or pile foundation allows you to install a pergola anywhere, regardless of the terrain, does not require long preparatory work, does not violate the integrity of the lawns, has a long period of operation.

This method is ideal for those who are engaged in decorating the garden at the time of its flowering and are deciding how to install the pergola in the ground without harming the plants. Pointed anchors make it possible to install pergola supports anywhere. However, their disadvantage is their low bearing capacity. For example, a metal pergola for grapes will require additional reinforcement.

Advice. When arranging the foundation for a pergola, you need to remember the rule that the deeper the base of the foundation is, the greater its bearing capacity will be.

4 way - pergola on anchors

The choice in favor of this method is often made by those who install the pergola on an existing base.

At the same time, the installed metal anchors are able to withstand the weight of the pergola, taking into account the load created by the weight of the plants and the wind load.

Installation of pergola supports

The frame for the pergola consists of vertical supports, horizontal beams and crossbeams. The reliability and maintainability of the entire structure directly depends on the installation of supports.

How to install vertical pergola posts

To install vertical supports, a garden drill prepares a recess in the soil. Sufficient depth depends on the height of the pergola and is equal to 1/3 of it. That is, at a height of 2,500, you need to deepen the timber by 800 mm.

During installation, the following rules must be observed:

• process the timber in any way that excludes the possibility of damage to the wood (most often it is used machine oil, resin, roofing material or special impregnations);

• make special grooves in the upper part of the support. They are necessary in order to install the roof;

• arrange a sand cushion at the bottom of the recess. The stronger the base of the support, the less likely it is to sag and the entire structure to squint;

• install the support and check its verticality using a level;

• concrete the support and continue work only after the concrete has gained strength;

• supports should be installed at the same distance from each other (but the pitch of the pillars is not more than 1,500 mm). So the design of the pergola will look more harmonious.

Note. If a gate is supposed to be in a pergola, it is necessary to provide for the installation of additional supports, as well as mark the place for installing hinges (canopies). According to users, it is advisable to give preference to hinges that open in both directions.

Installation of horizontal beams

Horizontal beams serve to support the crossbeams. The beams are attached to the supports using steel angles 40x40 mm.

Note. Some craftsmen, even in this case, advise strengthening the junction with brackets, brackets, or self-tapping screws.

Installation of crossbeams (roofs)

The crossbeams that form the roof of the pergola are mounted on horizontal beams. Outwardly, they are a set of wide lamellas, which are arranged vertically at the same distance. They look like blinds. The crossbars are fixed with nails “on an oblique”. Thus, their fastening resistance to wind loading increases.

Straight crossbars are easier to manufacture, pergolas and arches made of wood look more spectacular in the landscape design of the site.

Note. The roof can be covered with a tarpaulin to protect the pergola seating area from rain.

Installation of trellis panels

Tapestry panels are sections that form the walls of the pergola (if any). As a rule, they are wooden sections stuffed with thin slats. Less commonly used are panels with stretched wire or rope.

Tapestry panels are attached to the support posts with self-tapping screws.

Note. Tapestries are installed at a distance of at least 150 mm. from the ground surface, this will prevent the bottom of the panel from rotting from moisture.

Stage 4 - decoration of the pergola

The final stage of construction is the floristry of the pergola.

As decorative elements are used:

• paint or varnish;

• lighting;

• fabric canvases that give additional shade or privacy;

• decorative figures;

• fireplace, barbecue;

• climbing plants and flowers;

• fountain and more.

It should be noted that wooden pergolas need constant care, which consists in the timely tinting of frame elements.

Stage 5 - plants for pergola

Despite the fact that the classic wooden pergola for roses or grapes was conceived specifically to support climbing plants, it has long expanded its functions and today has become a full-fledged element of landscape design and a place for summer holidays.

Nevertheless, floristry is its integral attribute. The design of the pergola without fail includes the planting of ampelous plants. These are plant species that have creeping or creeping stems.

Climbing plants and flowers for pergolas in the country:

• pelargonium (geranium). Sun resistant, can go without watering for a long time;

• hanging begonia. Feels good in shaded corners;

• lobelia. Likes wet places;

• ampelous petunia. Likes sunny damp places;

• bacopa. Blooms throughout the season;

• climbing roses. Favorite flowers of almost every woman. Roses, quite unpretentious in care, bloom during the season.

In addition, you can decorate the pergola with flowers in pots or palm trees, which can be brought indoors during the cold season.

As you can see, each of the plants has its own preferences, which means that when choosing them, the location of the pergola and the possibility of organizing irrigation are taken into account.

Note. By installing hooks on pergola sections, you can avoid tying climbing plants, it will be enough to guide young shoots and fix them with hooks.

What climbing plants to choose for a pergola?

• to decorate the pergola, you should use local plants that have proven themselves well in the local climate;

• It is better to use plants that bloom for a long time. Or combine in such a way that they bloom in turn. Then the pergola will be transformed depending on the season;

• different plants should have the same development time. This will create hedge and prevent the option when some plants drown out others;

• no more than 4 types of plants should be used. The more varieties, the more difficult it is to care for them. Again - the motley pergola does not have an entirely aesthetic appearance;

• if the plants need to be transplanted for the winter, care should be taken to remove them from the trellis or shelter them for the winter. In general, it is better not to use such plants;

• grapes (girlish or five-leafed) are great for creating a monolithic wall on a pergola. It grows fast and is great for planting in a shady or sunny location. The peculiarity of girlish grapes is that in autumn it changes color: bright greens are replaced by crimson autumn colors.

• the closer the transverse beams of the roof are located, the more shade the pergola will give, but the less light will fall on the plants;

• when installing a pergola along the walls, care must be taken that the plants do not weave along the wall (especially along the southern one), otherwise they are provided with overheating;

• the construction of a pergola in the same style with other buildings on the site will create a harmonious ensemble;

• the size of the pergola must be correlated with other buildings. Otherwise, it will shift the focus on itself and stand out against the background of the house or simply get lost;

• you should create a pergola with a margin of safety, because as the plants grow, they will begin to exert additional load on the frame. Do not forget that the pergola, braided with plants, has a large windage compared to an open gazebo;

• regular care is the key to a long service life of the pergola. A wooden or metal pergola is repainted from time to time. This will improve the appearance and protect the structure of metal and wood from destruction;

• The choice of color has a significant impact on the appearance of the pergola. Variegated - will become a bright spot against the background of the greenery of the garden, white - will create the illusion of airiness, and brown - will merge with the surrounding greenery and give the feeling of being in the forest;

• must be remembered that in winter time when the green cover is not so monolithic, all the flaws of the pergola will come out, so you need to think through the connection options during the construction process so that they are reliable and accurate.

Conclusion

A DIY garden pergola is a fashionable, beautiful and spectacular element of landscape design of the site, as well as a way to create an extraordinary and stylish vacation spot for the whole family.

Landscaping always occupies one of the main places in the thoughts of the owner. When the house is built and planted, I want to have a place where you can have a great rest. Here buildings come to the rescue, which you can create in a short period of time and do it yourself. Consider how a pergola is built with your own hands, get acquainted with step-by-step instructions and photos of the most beautiful designs.

What is a pergola

Pergola literally means an outbuilding or shed, which fully reflects its content. It is a structure of sections that are interconnected by crossbars. It can be made free-standing or stationary, in the form of a terrace.

Did you know? The first pergolas appeared in southern Italy in the 19th century. They were used to support the vines and thus create a place for daytime relaxation.

Despite the variety of species, pergola has distinctive features:

• Repeating sections.
• Supports and arc elements.
• Lattice cover.

Types of canopies

Garden pergolas are used to support various climbing plants. Despite the huge number of known forms and types, there are only a few "official": awning, screen, visor, arch or tunnel.

Important! To prevent the building from being blown away by the wind, it must be installed in accordance with the wind rose. In addition, its height cannot be higher than 2.5 meters.

By size and shape

Pergolas are available in the following sizes:

• Sadovaya. Provided with a lightweight design small size, which is placed on the site to create a support for climbing plants or grapes.
• Arched. Similar structures are built near the gate or porch, thus emphasizing the entrance.
• Small. It looks like a visor and is used for small areas.
• Big. It is considered a full-fledged architectural element. Often have a complex roof and several sections.

According to the forms of the building there are round, square and broken lines.

Based on materials

Pergola material is of the following types:

• Wooden. The most popular material for the construction of such structures. All thanks to the availability and ease of processing.
• Forged. They are made for decoration, but such structures require some metalworking skills.
• metal. Most often, steel is used as the most durable material. Requires good foundation and experience with welding equipment.
• plastic. Such designs are modular and affordable. However, they have a short lifespan.
• Stone or brick. They look solid, but they need a large area.
• Combined. The structure is created using two or more types of materials. The most popular are wood-stone, wood-metal.

The best place to place a structure in the country

Having decided to build a pergola in the country with your own hands, it is important not only to familiarize yourself with the creation instructions, but also to decide on the place of its deployment.

This decision has not only aesthetic, but also practical significance. Since the main the purpose of this building- creating an atmosphere of peace and relaxation, then most often such canopies are located at the maximum allowable distance from the road and other restless objects.

In order to properly place the pergola, you should consider some tips from professional landscape designers:

• On the small plot it is recommended to break, lay a circular path, and this building is best placed in the far corner. In this case, covering the territory will help.
• An alternative would be to install a canopy at a distance of a couple of meters from the entrance to the house. With this arrangement, the building is better to choose in the form of a veranda.
• With close placement of neighboring buildings, it is recommended to build a pergola with closed sides. front side placed right in front of the house.
• When the plot is more than ten acres, the scope for creativity increases. The canopy is recommended to be located in the center in an open sunny area. Around you can plant or weaving plants.

Important! Wanting to emphasize the elegance of the canopy, you can place it in an empty corner area, close to the entrance to the site, on the border of the garden strip or against the backdrop of a pond. In these places, he certainly will not go unnoticed.

Using these rules, you can successfully place not only a canopy, but also other objects on your site.

How to make a pergola with your own hands: diagrams and drawings

After getting acquainted with the features and types of pergolas, you need to have information on how to make a pergola with your own hands, and the proposed step-by-step instructions will become an indispensable assistant.

from wood

To build a classic wooden pergola, you will need the following materials: support and cross beams, crossbars, posts, adjustable anchors, tubular formwork, self-tapping screws of various sizes, cement, sand, gravel.

• Work starts with contour designations future pergola. In the corners, formwork is buried in pre-prepared pits so that they are all on the same level. Pits are filled with a small amount of concrete. Until he fully grasped, install the anchors.
• After the concrete has completely cured, they begin to install wooden racks. They take bars for them right size and with the help of a level they are placed vertically, fixed in two directions with screws with hexagonal heads made of wood.
• Then start installing support beams. Here you will need to purchase boards, the size of which depends on tastes. It is important to consider that they should protrude 30 cm beyond the perimeter of the building. Before fixing, they are aligned horizontally and only then fixed with clamps. At the end, drill through holes at the junction of the beam and rack and insert the bolts.
• Install transverse plank beams. They must be straight. The amount of light depends on the distance between them. Most often, the gaps are 30 cm. For fastening, two cutouts and pilot holes are made at both ends. Now everything is fixed with long screws.
• Finally, cross beams are attached, which increase rigidity designs. Holes are also drilled on them and fixed.

Important! To build a correct design, you need to know that in order to check that all corners are right, one rule should be taken into account: “3-4-5” (32 + 42 = 52). In which case, you need to immediately make adjustments.

After all the work, the structure is covered with several layers of varnish.

Made of metal and plastic

Do-it-yourself pergola arches can be made of metal. Like wood, metal is made only after a preliminary drawing of the future structure and designation of the contours of the building.

In addition, working with metal requires some skills in working with a welding machine. You will need profile pipe, cement, building level, welding material, paintwork materials.
All work is divided into several stages:

• Detail cutting. Details are cut from profile pipes, the diameter of which varies depending on the length of the product. You need to make all the details that will be needed for construction. So that the parts do not corrode in the future and the whole structure does not collapse, everything is treated with paint.
• Fixing supports and installing rafters. The support pillars must be fixed in the ground, the depth of the pits must be at least 50 cm. A gravel cushion is poured into the bottom of the recess, and then a small amount of concrete is poured. After it dries, a support is installed and concrete is poured to the edges of the pit. Rafters and crossbars are welded to the top of the support only after the concrete has completely dried. The last to install stiffeners, which will ensure the strength of the structure.

Plastic can be used for the roof, it is easily attached to any structure and thus creates not only a shadow, but also protection from precipitation.
A small pergola can be made of plastic, most often such structures are created to support light curly flowers.

Arrangement of the building

Creating a pergola in the country with your own hands according to the instructions ends only after decorating. Most often decorate the canopy alive