05.05.2016 105 330

How to grow large garlic in the garden?

All summer residents and gardeners grow a valuable vitamin, but only a small part knows how to grow large garlic so that the harvest will please not only the owners, but also surprise the neighbors. Known methods of planting and proper care sometimes do not bring the desired results, despite all the efforts and efforts. Is there a special secret of growing or is it enough to follow certain rules, we will figure it out in this article ...

Spring or winter garlic?

Beginning vegetable growers often confuse winter garlic with spring garlic, an important feature is planting, the first is planted in the fall, the last in the spring. It is worth confusing and you can not wait for the harvest. Winter garlic is characterized by the presence of a small even number of aligned cloves (4,6,8) and a central stem, which spring does not have. Spring garlic cloves are usually different sizes and may differ in shape.

A spring vegetable is well stored in winter, a winter vegetable is more suitable for fresh consumption, while young, subject to storage conditions, it can lie for a long period of time. It should be taken into account that the yield of spring garlic is relatively lower than that of winter garlic.

in the photo - winter garlic
in the photo - spring garlic

characteristic feature vegetable is poor adaptability to changing climatic conditions of cultivation, it is necessary to constantly and carefully select planting material. When choosing garlic for growing in the country, pay attention to the variety. Breeders are constantly working to increase productivity, keeping quality, winter hardiness and early maturity.

The most successful varieties of winter garlic are Antonnik, Zaoksky, Zubrenok, Losevsky, Nadezhny, Yubileiny. There are not so many summer (spring) varieties, but it is possible to purchase, Abrek, Ershovsky, Sterlitokamsky, Moscow, Bronnitsky, Kalininsky white, Rostovsky are popular among them.

Fertilizer bed for a good harvest

It is advisable to place the garlic ridge in a sunny place, without stagnant water and close flow ground water. Excessive moisture accumulating in the ground leads to poor growth, in most cases, fungal diseases. A high bed can correct the situation. If everything is in order with the water in the garden, pay attention to the previous crops grown on the ridge before garlic.

All kinds of varieties and types of onions, garlic, potatoes, tomatoes, radishes, eggplants and beets are poor predecessors; agronomists consider the best (mustard, clover, alfalfa, oats), zucchini, strawberries (strawberries), cucumbers, peas, pumpkin. Planting after root crops and nightshades increases the risk of diseases, leading to a decrease in the size of the head of garlic.

in the photo - a bed of garlic was mulched for the winter

In the autumn months, the ground is prepared 10-14 days before the intended planting, the soil will settle and the teeth will not sink. Deep planting leads to small teeth, poor storage. It is recommended to prepare a bed for spring planting in the fall, fertilizers will have time to transform into a digestible form for plants, supplying garlic with nutrients in early spring already in the first days after landing. Dig the soil to the depth of the shovel bayonet, add either humus, at the rate of 5-8 kg / m².

Depending on the soil, sand, sod land, peat are additionally added, achieving water and air permeability. Light loose earth, seasoned, favorably affects cultivation large garlic. The impossibility of applying organic top dressings in the right amount can be replaced with mineral fertilizer complexes (30-40 g / m²).

How to prepare garlic for planting?

Growing large garlic is accompanied by the stage of preparing cloves for planting in open ground, regardless of the season. Preventive measures aimed at protecting the cloves from various pests and diseases during the growth process improve the protective properties of the plant and increase the quality of the future harvest.

Select planting material, discard diseased, rotten, moldy cloves. You can’t peel the garlic before planting, you just need to separate a couple of cloves and inspect for defects. If the head has a damaged tooth, do not use it for planting to avoid infection. It is recommended to divide the head of garlic into teeth immediately before planting in the garden, and not a month in advance, as many novice vegetable growers do.

After examining for diseases, select the largest teeth, only from them you can get a large good garlic. It is worth noting that a small number of cloves (2-3) in the head, the presence of fused (double) ones, indicates the degeneration of the vegetable, such planting material cannot be used for cultivation, the harvest from such plantings will be small and of poor quality.

in the photo - soaking winter garlic in potassium permanganate before planting

Disinfection of garlic before planting can be carried out different ways, one of them, soaking in an ash solution. To prepare, take 300 grams of wood ash, boil in two liters of water, cool, carefully separate the light part of the contents, immerse the cloves in it for one hour. Use potassium permanganate (1%), Fitosporin-M or solution blue vitriol(1%) by immersing the garlic in the liquid for 20-30 minutes.

Preparing spring garlic for spring planting has special requirements. If the storage conditions were not observed (plus temperature 5-8 ºС and optimum humidity 30-50%), a month before the proposed planting, the garlic is placed in the cold, where the air temperature will be in the range from -3 to +2 ºС. At home, a refrigerator can serve as such a place. During the day, the planting material is removed, heated to room temperature, dipped in a disinfectant solution, then dipped in a growth stimulator (, Potassium Humate) for 12 hours. Such cooling contributes to the cultivation of heads with a large mass.

Planting in spring and autumn

Planting garlic in early spring begins at a time different for all regions, but the months of April and May serve as a guideline, the main criterion for proper planting is the soil temperature exceeding zero degrees. As soon as the snow thawed, the sun warmed up - it's time to plant the cloves in moist soil without watering, it is recommended to water dry soil.

The distance between rows is 0.15-0.20 meters, between plants 9-10 centimeters, focusing on the subsequent ease of processing garlic. It is advisable to increase the openings and gaps between plants when combining plantings. The depth of spring placement of teeth is small, 2-3 centimeters. You can mulch garlic beds in the spring immediately after planting in the ground with peat, other materials - after germination.

in the photo - planting garlic

Autumn planting of garlic before winter is carried out in September or October, taking into account the regional affiliation of the cultivation zone. In the central and central parts of Russia, the season starts from the last week of September and the first days of October, in the southern regions and the Kuban, the dates are shifted closer to October 14-18. The cloves should take root before winter, but do not germinate, then the garlic will calmly winter and bring a big harvest.

Scheme autumn planting does not differ from spring, the difference is only in depth. It is necessary to plant to a depth of 3-5 centimeters from the top of the clove to the surface of the soil, shallow embedding increases the risk of freezing in the winter months, especially in snowy and frosty winters. Experienced gardeners recommend pouring sand or wood ash at the bottom of the furrows, adding at times reduces the likelihood of rotting of the bottom.

The soil on the beds is equal, the plantings are mulched with peat, rotted sawdust. The use of straw as mulch is recommended in areas where there are no rodents, otherwise they will winter there. The layer of mulching material should be at least 2-3 centimeters. Garlic planted in autumn is not watered. With the advent of sharp frosts without snow, it is necessary to cover the ridges with roofing material or a thick film, and remove it when snow appears.

Big Garlic Secrets

According to gardeners, simple tricks allow you to grow a wonderful healthy crop that will be perfectly stored. Let us dwell on the most significant points, the observance of which will invariably lead to garlic happiness:

• Planting rule - stick into the ground in time, you will always be with the harvest;
• The right choice of variety is a necessary important point, low-yielding varieties with poor resistance to diseases will never produce large heads, always remember this;
• Planting material update. After three years, garlic begins to shrink and degenerate, it is necessary to carry out rehabilitation by growing a vegetable through bulbs;
• (during the growing season no more than 3 times), the best fertilizer is organic, but in moderation. An excess of nutrients leads to yellowing of the foliage and diseases;
• Breaking out arrows in arrowed varieties speeds up the process of maturation of the head, and also makes it larger;
• Leaf tying is carried out in order to stimulate the outflow of nutrients from the leaves into the bulb. The method is rarely used for winter plantings, and spring garlic is tied to accelerate maturation and weight gain of the head, the garlic will grow larger;
• Water abundantly on early stages growth, in the second half of the growing season, irrigation is minimized;
• The use of mulch favorably affects the growth of the garlic head and garlic in general, especially on hot days (temperatures above +25 ºС inhibit the development of the vegetable). Mulch will save the root system from overheating, retain moisture for a longer period.

Perhaps, in Russia you will not find a garden plot where garlic is not grown. This culture, known since ancient times, does not lose its popularity. Which is not at all surprising, because garlic has absolutely original taste, a lot of vitamins and microelements.

The plant improves appetite and digestion, strengthens the immune system, is used as folk remedy with various diseases.

The technology for growing garlic is considered quite simple, however, it needs to be taken care of, properly looked after, observing the requirements of agricultural technology. In addition, its presence on the site benefits other plants.

General description of the crop, species and varieties

Garlic is a perennial herbaceous plant, its cultivation began in Central Asia. According to scientific data, it originates from the long-pointed onion and has been known for more than 5 thousand years.

Characteristic features of the plant:

The specific smell and pungent taste inherent only to this plant is due to the presence in its composition essential oils containing allicin and phytoncides. Because of this, it is very popular in cooking.

Garlic also contains carbohydrates, various mineral salts, nitrogenous and other useful substances, which allows it to be widely used in traditional medicine. Therefore, growing garlic at home has been popular for a long time.

There are two types of culture:

• Spring (planted in spring);
• Winter (planted before winter).

Agrotechnics of cultivation different types garlic is similar in many ways, but also somewhat different.

Winter varieties are larger, ripen earlier, but are not very well stored, prone to rot. Therefore, it is recommended to immediately use it for food and preservation. Popular winter varieties:

1. Komsomolets.
2. Petrovsky.
3. Losevsky.
4. Lyubasha.
5. Prometheus etc.

Spring varieties, subject to right conditions storage, differ in the best keeping quality.

The most common of them are:

1. Gafurian.
2. Yelenovsky.
3. Degtyarsky.
4. Gulliver.
5. Ershovsky and others.

Also, varieties are divided into shooters and non-shooters. In the first one, in the inflorescence, instead of seeds, small single-toothed bulbous bulbs are formed, which are often used for planting.

How to grow good harvest garlic? Almost everything depends on the observance of agricultural technology. For the most part, garlic cultivation is practiced in open ground.

The plant makes its own demands on the soil: it must be fertile, acidity - neutral, loam is perfect. Best Option there will be a choice of a well-lit, flat area in which water does not accumulate.

Usually, garlic is allocated a special bed. But, for lack of space, you can arrange a joint landing. Garlic, as a neighbor, is quite satisfied with the berries:

It also goes well with the following vegetables:

• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• potato.

It is very useful to plant garlic with roses, tulips and gladioli, as it frightens caterpillars, slugs, borer beetles with its smell. But there are vegetables, growing next to which is undesirable for garlic. These include beans and cabbage. Although they, along with pumpkin crops, are the best predecessors for the plant. Garlic and onions themselves are considered the worst: garlic agricultural technology recommends planting it in the same place no earlier than 4 years later.

Seed preparation and planting, cultivation and care

Experienced gardeners know that in order for good garlic to grow, you need to carefully select and process seed material.

The culture reproduces vegetatively. If spring varieties are grown with bulb cloves, then winter varieties are grown with bulbs and cloves. It takes two years to grow an onion from a bulb: first, an onion set is formed, or, in other words, a single tooth. And in the second year, a real multi-toothed onion is born. Their taste and composition are completely identical.

How to grow garlic so that it gives a full harvest?

• firstly, planting material needs to be improved;
• secondly, plant varieties should be periodically changed.

Recovery is carried out as follows: in preparation for planting, the cloves are calibrated, while rejecting the sick, soft, small, lost their shape and shell. To grow good garlic, you need exceptionally large, dense cloves with a whole shell. Then disinfection is carried out. To do this, 400 g of ash is dissolved in 2 liters of water, ash liquor is obtained.

It is boiled for 30 minutes, cooled and the teeth are soaked for 2-3 hours. You can also use a weak solution of manganese or 1% copper sulfate.

cultivation

How to grow large spring garlic? Agrotechnical rules recommend starting to plant it in the spring, when the snow melts and the earth warms up to 5-7 degrees. Usually it is April-May. If the winter was not snowy, and the land is dry, it must first be well watered. Then, grooves are made in the bed with a depth of 7-8 cm, at a distance of about 20 cm. The teeth are planted vertically, the planting depth is 5-6 cm.

Shoots begin to appear at 3-4 degrees, cold and spring frosts do not harm them. But mulching the soil after planting is necessary, especially in hot climates. In addition, it facilitates maintenance by reducing the frequency of watering, eliminating weeding and loosening. Frequent watering is necessary for garlic when it is actively growing. During the formation of the bulbs, watering should be moderated, with frequent rains, it should be completely stopped in order to prevent the bulbs from drying out and the development of various diseases.

Garlic per season needs two top dressings:

• before planting, a solution of mullein or bird droppings is added;
• in the middle of summer, an ash solution is used.

The task of how to grow large garlic winter variety, no less relevant for the gardener. Landing is carried out at the end of September or in October. The procedure is the same, but the bottom of the groove must be sprinkled with sand or ash, making a layer up to 3 cm so that the cloves do not come into contact with the soil, forming rot.

Since winter garlic is larger, it is planted at a greater distance - from 10 to 15 cm. Depth - 15-20 cm. Bulbs are also sown at the same time, to a depth of 3 cm. It is also possible to plant them in early spring.

Mulching winter garlic with peat or sawdust is a must. The thickness of the mulch is 2-3 cm, even more is better, because it protects the plantings from frost. Although winter varieties are very frost-resistant, in the case of a cold winter with little snow, it will be more reliable to cover the area with roofing felt or thick polyethylene. When it snows, it is removed.

How to grow winter garlic? They take care of him in exactly the same way as for spring. When the plant releases flowering arrows, they are pruned after reaching 10 cm, in order to increase the yield.

Diseases and insect pests annoy garlic mainly during the growing season. The most dangerous diseases are:

• various bacterial rots;
• fusarium;
• black mold;
• mosaic;
• rust, etc.

As a result of the defeat of these diseases, the leaves, stems and roots first of all suffer, then rotting and death of the whole plant may begin.

Of the insects, garlic is most harmed:

• stem nematode;
• onion secretive proboscis;
• bear;
• centipede;
• onion moth, etc.

Of course, you can use fungicides and insecticides, especially since now there is just a huge selection of such drugs, but do not forget that the head of the plant will absorb all the poisons that a person will then eat.

As folk methods are considered valid:

• spraying with infusion of tobacco (250 g) and ground pepper (2 teaspoons) with the addition of liquid soap (2 tablespoons). Tobacco and pepper are poured into a three-liter jar, poured hot water and insist in a warm place for 3 days. Then the infusion should be filtered, brought to 10 liters, add liquid soap and spray the plants with it once every two weeks, starting in spring and ending in mid-summer;
• pollination with a mixture of tobacco and pepper with wood ash. Processing times are the same as in the first recipe.

But the most important thing is to observe crop rotation and agricultural technology, carefully prepare the seed. Then the plants will have a much stronger immunity.

Spring varieties are harvested in August-September, and winter varieties - in July-August. By this time, the feathers turn yellow and lie down, the heads are fully formed. If you delay harvesting, the garlic will grow again, the head will fall apart, and it will become unsuitable for long-term storage.

The pulled crop is first allowed to dry in the garden, then the earth is shaken off and the heads are dried on outdoors or in a well-ventilated area for about 10 days.

Then pruning is done. In addition to the head, only a small neck is left: from 2 to 5 cm, it depends on the variety. It is useful to burn the bottom on fire. Now garlic can be sent for storage, the ways of which are great.

Each gardener has his own secrets of growing and storing. The recommended temperature for the preservation of spring garlic is 16-20 degrees, for winter - 2-4 degrees, the humidity is average. Now, having a lot of information on how to grow garlic, you can move on to practice and, having tried, achieve a good harvest of this wonderful crop on your own plot.

Not a single garden can do without a bed of garlic today. Everyone knows about healing properties this culture and grow it everywhere for themselves, as well as for sale. At the same time, every vegetable grower is puzzled by the question: “How to grow large garlic without resorting to growth stimulants and other chemical fertilizers?”. It should be said that this culture is already considered high-yielding. However, if it is grown correctly, in compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, the yield can be incredibly high, and the heads are large.

Which garlic to choose

It is known that garlic is spring (summer) and winter. The difference between them is not only in planting time, but also in the size of the bulbs. Winter varieties are distinguished by larger heads, while it is almost impossible to grow large garlic from spring varieties.

It is sometimes difficult for beginner gardeners to distinguish winter varieties from spring ones. And this is a very important point, since winter varieties are planted in the garden in the fall, and spring varieties in the spring. If the teeth are mixed up, you can not hope for a harvest at all. The main difference winter garlic is the rod to which the teeth are attached, and most often its heads have an even number of lobules. Spring garlic does not have a stem, and the number of teeth can be different, besides, they are much smaller in size than winter ones.

Of course, you can get a higher yield from winter varieties, but keep in mind that such garlic is stored for a short time - up to a maximum of February. summer varieties not so large, but their shelf life can reach two years. For sale, it is more profitable to grow winter garlic, as it has a good presentation. But in order to use the product until the next harvest, it is better to opt for summer varieties, among which there are also large heads.

For example, the Gulliver variety is a rather unusual representative of spring garlic - its heads with proper cultivation reach 90-115 g, moreover, it is prone to the formation of arrows, which is not typical for summer varieties. As for winter garlic, almost all of its varieties are distinguished by large heads: Sofievsky (90–110 g), Komsomolets (80–110 g), Losevsky (up to 75 g), Yubileiny (up to 80 g), Podmoskovny (from 60 g) other.

Video "Giant Garlic"

See what specimens you can grow on your own suburban area.

Preparing the beds and garlic

A bed for planting winter garlic should be prepared in a month, in extreme cases, in 2-3 weeks. For spring varieties, it is better to prepare the site in the fall. This is due to the fact that the culture does not really like fresh organic fertilizers, and besides, it is not easy to dig and feed the frozen soil in early spring.

First of all, you need to decide on a place for growing. It should be open, sunny, located on a flat surface. If the garden is in a lowland, it is better to make an elevation for the beds ( high bed) - this will help to avoid stagnation of moisture. It is bad if the garden is located on a slope. In this case, there is a possibility of washing off the soil, which is also not in the best way will affect productivity.

Garlic prefers loose sandy soil with neutral acidity. If your garden is not very fertile, suitable conditions must be created artificially. Acidic soil should be limed (1 glass of lime / 1 m²). To improve the drainage properties, you need to add sand, peat, sawdust. As top dressing, humus is introduced (1 bucket / 1 m²), plus litter 1 l / 1 m² and ash. Instead of litter, you can use superphosphate (30 g / 1 m²) with potassium salt (20 g / 1 m²).

The soil, together with fertilizers, should be dug to a depth of 20–25 cm. Then the bed should be leveled and disinfected - pour with a solution of manganese or salt (1 cup / 1 bucket of water). Next, cover the bed with a film and leave until planting.

Seeds (teeth) also need to be prepared before planting in the garden. It is very important to choose the healthiest and largest specimens. The preparation of winter varieties consists in disinfecting the teeth with a 1% solution of copper sulphate. The teeth are placed in the liquid for literally 1 minute - this time is enough to kill fungi and bacteria.

Summer garlic is often subjected to stratification (cooling). The teeth are kept for 2-3 weeks in the refrigerator, after which they are placed in a damp cloth and germinated. However, it often happens that by the spring the teeth themselves germinate. In this case, they can be immediately planted in the ground.

Planting garlic in spring and autumn

Planting time depends on the type of crop. Winter garlic is planted in autumn, from late September to mid-October - about 1.5 months before the onset of constant cold weather. During this time, the teeth will take root and take root, but the sprouts will not have time to germinate to the surface.

Spring garlic is planted in early spring, immediately after the snow melts - in early or mid-April, depending on the climate. Summer varieties tolerate cold well and are able to germinate at a soil temperature of 6 ° C, and in cold soil they grow more actively, and as the soil warms up, their growth slows down.

The earlier you plant a spring variety, the more likely it is to grow large heads.

Secrets of growing large garlic

There are several simple farming techniques that allow you to grow large garlic.

Timely landing

For planting winter varieties, you need to guess the time so that the teeth have time to take root before the onset of frost, but do not have time to grow. On average, this time period falls on the end of September - the beginning of October, but for each region it may be different. When sowing a spring variety, it must be taken into account that the bulb must have time to form before the onset of heat - only in this case can one count on large heads.

Crop rotation

illumination

The beds should be located in a place well lit by the sun. Otherwise, small bulbs will grow.

Soil quality

Neutral acidity and good drainage properties of the soil are very important for the culture. In heavy and acidic soil, garlic bulbs will certainly grow small, or even disappear altogether.

Planting material quality

For planting, you should choose varieties intended for your region. When buying imported varieties of white garlic, remember that for transportation they are treated with special solutions that inhibit the growth of roots, so it is almost impossible to grow good large bulbs from such material.

Removing arrows

Some varieties of winter garlic produce arrows with seeds. If they are not removed in time, the plant will direct all the juices to the ripening of the seed bulbs, which will affect the size of the heads. It is noticed that the plants on which the arrows remained form heads half as much.

Deep tooth setting

Experienced gardeners advise planting slices to a depth of 5–7 cm in order to prevent them from freezing in winter and premature warming up in spring. It is known that garlic increases its mass faster at cold temperatures, while in the heat the growth of the bulb stops.

Too tight fit

The optimal distance for planting a crop is 20 cm between rows, and 8–10 cm between teeth. If the distance is less, the bulbs will grow small.

Timely loosening

In the spring, when the snow has melted and the sun warmed up sharply, a crust forms on the surface of the soil, preventing oxygen from reaching the roots. If the surface is not loosened in time, then the bulbs may lag behind in development.

Correct watering

During its active growth, the plant needs to maintain high soil moisture. While during the period of maturation of the heads, on the contrary, high humidity harms him.

Mulching the beds

Mulch helps maintain soil moisture and eliminates the need for frequent watering in hot weather. If the summer turned out to be hot, it will not be possible to grow large heads without mulch.

Moderate top dressing

During the growing season, the plant should be fed three times. Whatever fertilizer you choose - mineral or organic, it is important not to exceed the amount. If plants are given a lot of organic matter, then the leaves will begin to turn yellow, and the heads will stop growing. If you feed in excessive quantities with mineral mixtures, the taste and quality of the bulbs will deteriorate.

And the last thing you should pay attention to. Garlic is considered a perennial, or rather a three-year plant, but most gardeners grow it as an annual. This leads to the fact that over time it becomes smaller - it simply degenerates.

Update planting material regularly. When planting winter varieties, leave a few arrows to get seeds, and then grow planting bulbs from them, consisting of one clove. In the third year, a large, full-weight garlic head can be grown from such a clove.

Video "How to grow large winter garlic in the country"

This video describes and demonstrates the technology for growing large garlic heads, which has shown itself perfectly and gives excellent harvest for many years.

A close relative of onions is garlic. Of course, he has features of planting, care, storage and preparation for planting, like any vegetable crop. But growing garlic is not difficult. We'll figure out. There are arrowing and non-shooting, winter and spring varieties of garlic - this depends on the biological characteristics of the plant. Non-shooting garlic reproduces only with cloves, arrowing - plus air bulbs (bulbs) to them.

Shooting varieties are winter varieties. They give a good harvest when planted before winter. Among non-shooting varieties there are winter and spring varieties. Planting spring garlic in the fall leads to poor rooting of cloves, thinning of crops, and crop shortages. However, there are varieties that grow well with autumn and spring planting.

The main thing when growing winter garlic is to create conditions for a good wintering. This is provided the right choice planting sites, sowing dates, seeding depth. Culture should be placed on fertile lands with flat surface, clean from weeds, not flooded by autumn or melt waters.

The best predecessors are crops that empty the field early, under which organic fertilizers are applied: cucumbers, zucchini, early cabbage, lettuce, legumes. Garlic is a good predecessor for all crops except onions, because they are affected by the same pests and diseases.

Preparing the garden for planting garlic

The soil in the garden is cultivated in advance so that it settles somewhat. Directly under plowing or digging, humus (40-60 t/ha), mineral fertilizers can be applied. The norm of mineral fertilizers per 1 weave: 30-40 g of ammonium nitrate, 50 g of superphosphate, 15-20 g of potassium chloride. Saltpeter is not applied in autumn, only in spring.

Preparation of planting material - garlic cloves, bulbs

For planting winter or spring garlic, three types of planting material are used:

• teeth,
• air bulbs (bulbs);
• sevok (single teeth grown from air bulbs).

Only garlic heads with healthy teeth are selected. All diseased, shriveled or sprouted bulbs are discarded. Large or medium-sized teeth are the most suitable material for planting.

The teeth prepared for planting are pickled, disinfected with a 1% solution of copper sulfate or a 3% suspension of TMTD for 10-15 minutes. If disinfection is not carried out, then it is useful to soak them for 12-24 hours in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Such preparation contributes to the improvement of planting material, protects it from diseases.

Planting garlic in the fall before winter - timing

In order for the garlic to take root, but not to germinate, it must be planted before winter two to three weeks before the onset of a steady cold snap. Optimal time planting winter varieties of garlic before winter is the third decade of October in the Kuban. With an earlier planting, for example, in September, sprouted teeth leave before winter with 2-3 true leaves. So that the leaves do not suffer from frost or cold winds, hilling of plants is carried out, and in early spring, transverse harrowing in order to free the neck of the plants.

With a later planting, the teeth do not have time to take root - there is a large sparseness of crops from the influence of cold winds and frosts.

Check the timing of planting garlic with.

Air bulbs are sown in autumn or early spring. The so-called sevok grows out of them - these are not cloves, but roundish small onions. If you plant air bulbs in the fall, then most of them will give arrows in the summer, and during spring planting there is no arrowing, but round single-toothed bulbs (apples) are formed. They are planted in the fall, as they do not store well until spring.

Spring varieties are planted in early spring, as soon as it is possible to enter the field, as they are very demanding on soil moisture, low temperature at the beginning of growth. With a delay in planting, the growth and development of plants is delayed, the yield is reduced, and the commercial quality of products is deteriorating.

Norm and scheme of planting garlic

Garlic is usually planted in rows, the distance between which is 20-30 cm. The teeth are placed at a distance of 6-8 cm, but this distance depends on their size: for large ones, the distance is greater, small ones are planted closer to each other. One or two days before planting, the heads should be disassembled into teeth. If this is done, for example, a week before sowing or even earlier, then they will lose some percentage of germination.

How many teeth will be needed in order to plant, for example, 1 sq. meter garden, hard to say. The planting rate depends on the size of the cloves that you plant. Usually, agronomists call the figure 130-380 cloves per 1 m 2. They get the first number based on their average weight of one clove of 3 g, and the second - if it weighs 7 g.

Larger heads grow from larger teeth. Planting cloves weighing less than 3 g is not worth it, as small heads will grow out of them.

How deep to plant? It depends, firstly, on the size of the teeth, and secondly, on the timing of planting.

In autumn, before winter, winter varieties are planted. Large teeth are planted no deeper than 5-7 cm. Smaller teeth - no deeper than 4-5 cm. layer (5-7 cm) of mulch - straw or dry grass.

Spring varieties are planted in spring. The depth of planting spring garlic is 4-5 cm. Also, make sure that the layer of earth above the teeth is at least 3-4 cm. This will provide optimal conditions for good rooting, for the formation of heads of the correct shape.

Caring for planting garlic, top dressing

One of the secrets of growing garlic is top dressing.

In early spring, after the snow melts, as soon as the first warm days come, it would be nice to feed the crops with nitrogen fertilizers, for example, urea (1 tablespoon / 10 l of water). Approximately 5 liters of solution should be used per 1 m 2.

In April, when the seedlings grow up, top dressing is carried out twice, for example, this is the middle and end of April. The first feeding should contain more nitrogen. Its composition may be as follows: half a liter chicken manure+ 1 tbsp. a spoonful of nitroammophoska in a bucket (10 l) of water. In the second feeding should be more phosphorus and potassium. The composition is: 1 tbsp. spoon of double superphosphate + 1 tbsp. spoon of potassium sulfate + 1 teaspoon of urea per bucket (10 l) of water. For 1 m 2 we also consume about 5 liters of solution.

Be sure to loosen the soil between the rows after top dressing the next day, after a week and a half, loosen again, if the soil is dry, water it. Garlic loves loose soil without - oxygen must be supplied to the roots and bulbs of the plant, so loosen the soil between rows after each watering or after rain. By the way, if there is no rain, then watering should be carried out at least weekly. Water abundantly - 12-15 liters per 1 m 2.

Mulching row spacing can facilitate the work of a gardener. Mulch will retain moisture, and the soil under the mulch will always remain loose.

In order for you to grow large heads, the arrows must be broken out in time. Try to break or cut them, and do not pull them up - this way you can inadvertently pull out the entire bulb or damage its root system. Break the arrows when they have reached a length of 12-15 cm, the breaking point should be as close as possible to the rosette of leaves. If you break it of a shorter length, then it will continue to grow - you will not get a large head.

Breaking out arrows is a special agricultural technique that allows not only to increase the size of the head, but also accelerates their maturation.

By the way, do not throw away the broken arrows - they can be used when canning blanks, as a seasoning for food.

For example, add finely chopped garlic cloves to boiled potatoes, after you have drained the water, slightly dried it. Add butter or sour cream, stir and serve. Once upon a time, I read this recipe - it was called "Phytoncide Potato". Since then, it has been one of our family's favorite dishes.

Finely chopped arrows can be added to boiled hot pasta or vermicelli - this is also tasty, healthy, especially in spring, when there are so few vitamins.

Harvesting garlic when it should be done

Usually at the end of July, the leaves of the garlic begin to turn yellow. This indicates that it is time to clean up. Gardeners have an unwritten rule: it is better to clean sooner than later. Even a delay of 5 days matters. With more early cleaning it is left outdoors under a canopy for ripening. Do not cut off the leaves just yet. At the same time, nutrients from the leaves enter the bulbs, which increase their mass. In this case, the heads are dense, covered with dry integumentary scales on top, of a good attractive appearance. And if you are literally 3-5 days late with cleaning, then the scales covering the heads burst, the teeth crumble, the head itself becomes loose. Such garlic will not be stored for a long time.

But I want to talk about the timing of cleaning separately. There are many varieties that different dates maturation - it means that they should not be removed all at once, but in turn. No matter how much I talked with my gardeners I know, almost no one knows what variety they grow. By the way, me too. But the differences of the variety can be seen by the color of the outer shell of the head, by the number of cloves in the bulb. I try to sort the heads before planting in order to at least approximately plant the varieties separately.

How do you know when it's time to remove the garlic from the beds?

Very simple. I always leave a few arrows, I don't cut them off when they start to grow. At first, during growth, the arrows are fancifully bent, curly. But as soon as I noticed that the arrow straightened up, stands vertically up - this is the first sign that it's time to dig out the garlic.

There is another sign - the flower heads, which have already formed bulbs, have burst - for now, clean them up.

Thus, knowing these signs of ripening, no matter where you live, you will never be late to harvest garlic on time. Although the timing of cleaning will be different for everyone.

Ripening and storage of air bulbs (bulbs)

So that next year you have your own garlic for planting, leave some part of the plants with arrows in the garden, do not break them out. These plants with left arrows should be left in the garden for another one to two weeks after harvesting the main crop. Then the arrows with air bulbs are cut off. You can tie them in small bunches, hang them under a canopy (not in the open sun) to dry. This is how garlic arrows with air bulbs are stored for 20-30 days. During this time, there is an outflow of nutrients from the arrows into the bulbs, they are covered with dense scales, become light straw or purple in color (the color depends on the variety). Bulbs are very large, the shell bursts. If you are going to plant them in the fall, before winter, then clean them, sort them by size. And if the bulbs are intended for spring-summer planting, then it is best to continue to store them in bunches until spring, since when cleaning, sorting in the fall, the bulbs are injured, they can dry out, lose their germination. They should be stored in a dark cool place.

Ripe, mature, well-dried heads with intact scales are selected for storage. The best temperature for storage at home is + 18 ° C. It is better to store garlic in mesh bags, pigtails or cardboard boxes.

How can you get single clove garlic?

Air bulbs can be planted in autumn or spring to obtain a single tooth. It should be remembered that when autumn sowing part of the bulbs freezes, rots. Therefore, sparse seedlings are obtained. With early spring sowing, seedlings appear on the 10-20th day, as a rule, friendly. Sowing scheme: distance between rows 20 cm, continuous planting of onions in a row. Care consists in watering followed by shallow loosening, fertilizing with complex fertilizers. Single-toothed bulbs are harvested as soon as the leaves begin to fall. After ripening (10-12 days), drying, cut off the roots, dried leaves. The single tooth is stored at a temperature of 16-18°C, relative humidity 70-75%.

One last thing… Avoid planting garlic from grocery stores or supermarkets as you risk introducing serious viral diseases into your yard by growing garlic.

Garlic is an indispensable product in the kitchen. Therefore, many gardeners are eager to grow this crop on their plots. But in order to achieve an excellent harvest, you need to know how garlic is grown.

Before you start growing garlic, you should know what types exist. Today, this culture is represented by the following types:

• winter. This variety has excellent resistance to cold and forms an arrow. Planting material is planted in autumn. As a result, the plant hibernates in the ground, and in the next season a large and full-fledged head sprouts. It contains a few aligned teeth. Also in the head there is a central trunk, which is not typical for the spring species. The crop is more suitable for fresh consumption;
• spring. This variety does not form an arrow. Planting material is planted in the spring. Such garlic can be stored for a long period of time. The harvest of this variety is not so plentiful.

The technique for growing garlic is selected based on the variety chosen. Gardeners, when growing this crop, often prefer arrowhead varieties. They are at proper care give an excellent harvest.

A distinctive feature of this crop is that garlic adapts very poorly to climatic changes during the growing process. Therefore, in order to increase the chances of success in obtaining an excellent harvest, it is important to select the highest quality planting material. The choice of variety in this case is the most important point. When deciding on a variety of this culture, it is necessary to pay attention to the following parameters:

• productivity;
• precocity;
• winter hardiness;
• keeping quality.

Gardeners note that the following varieties of winter garlic give an excellent harvest: Zaoksky, Nadezhny, Antonnik, etc. Among the spring varieties, Moskovsky, Ershovsky, Kalininsky white, etc. have proven themselves to be excellent.

To understand how to properly grow garlic, you need to understand not only the planting material, but also find out how to propagate it.

Reproduction methods

Reproduction of garlic is one of the stages of its cultivation. Garlic in the country can multiply in the following ways:

• vegetatively;
• seeds that form in the ejected arrow.

Spring garlic in the garden can be propagated with bulb cloves. For the propagation of winter varieties, seeds formed by air bulbs, as well as cloves, can be used. When using seeds, you should wait two years to get full-fledged bulbs.

Growing garlic in the first year allows you to get a small onion set, which consists of one clove. It is characterized by the same useful qualities as for an ordinary bulb. Already next year, it is possible to obtain a normal bulb, in which there are many cloves.

Growing methods do not differ much from what type of reproduction was chosen. Most often, the reproduction of this culture is carried out with the help of cloves. In this case, a full-fledged crop can be harvested in the year of planting. Before growing garlic, the healthiest and best seed should be selected.

When selecting planting material, the following steps should be taken:

• size calibration. You need to plant large cloves. Sick, small and deformed (having two peaks or doubled) specimens are not suitable for planting;
• density selection. The teeth should be fairly dense. At the same time, their outer shell should not contain cracks and holes;
• disinfection. All selected cloves must be disinfected in ash lye. This solution is prepared from 400 g of ash, which are diluted in two liters of water. For preparation, the solution is boiled for 30 minutes, then cooled and drained. The teeth in the resulting solution are kept for two hours.

Spring varieties should be germinated before planting. This will allow for faster growth. Germination is carried out as follows:

• cloves that have been moistened with water are laid out on a cloth napkin;
• planting material together with a napkin is placed in a plastic bag. In this form, they are stored for 2-3 days;
• germination is carried out at room temperature.

Before propagation, garlic bulbs are well dried. Here, too, only the largest bulbs should be selected. You can also plant the rest of the planting material, but in this case it will be problematic to get good garlic.

What does garlic love?

In order for the cultivation and care of garlic to be easy, you need to choose the right place for planting planting material. Since this culture allows planting seed both in spring (spring) and autumn (winter), then the choice of varieties should be based on climatic conditions places of growth. For example, winter varieties are grown in cold regions, and spring varieties are grown in warm regions. In the latter case, planting involves the use of germinated cloves.

In order for garlic to grow healthy and strong, and also give an excellent harvest, it cannot be planted for more than two years in one place. In general, it is better to choose a new place for the growth of this culture every year.

On the place where garlic grows, onions or potatoes should not have been planted last year. After growing these crops, in order to be able to plant garlic, at least four years must pass. It is during this period that the soil is completely renewed. The best result in terms of yield can be obtained when planting cloves after cabbage, cucumbers, beets, pumpkin and legumes. In this case, the soil after these crops will be optimally fertilized with organic matter. This means that planting care will be much easier. At the same time, the risk of disease is significantly reduced.

The bed for garlic should be well lit. Otherwise, the crop will consist of small bulbs. The best solution there will be cultivation of garlic on unshaded separate beds. It is allowed to place beds next to berry bushes (raspberries, gooseberries, black currants and strawberries) and vegetables (potatoes, carrots, cucumbers). We also grow garlic next to flowers: tulips, gladioli and roses. In this case, the plant will be reliably protected from black spot.

The choice of soil for planting

Many answer the question “how to grow garlic” that the main thing is to choose the right soil. In a situation where the soil is poor in nutrients, complex fertilizers are applied to it. Also in this case, potassium chloride can be used together with superphosphates (in a ratio of 1: 4).

Adding manure to the beds will achieve a significant increase in yield. 5 kg of manure is applied per 1 sq.m. If the soil is poor, you can increase the amount of manure applied.

Experienced gardeners do not advise getting carried away with top dressing, as garlic does not really like nutritious soil. Ideal for him would be loamy or sandy, light earth. Moreover, the acidity indicator should be at a neutral level. Also needed good drainage soil.

Therefore, the answer to the question “how to grow a good crop of garlic” will always contain recommendations for choosing the right soil.

Care after landing

To get large garlic, growing and caring for the crop should include all the agrotechnical measures necessary in this case. Particular attention should be paid to care, since the final result of the work directly depends on it.

Caring for garlic involves the following manipulations:

• watering;
• mulching;
• loosening;
• weeding;
• top dressing.

Irrigation for this crop requires little. Normally for 1 sq. m need to pour 10 liters of water. Watering is carried out at intervals of a week. In the process of growth and development of plantings, it should be reduced to 8-6 liters. This must be done so that the bulbs do not start to rot. If the summer turned out to be rainy, watering the beds can be stopped altogether. Approximately two weeks before harvesting, the introduction of water is completely stopped.

Many novice gardeners are wondering "how to care for garlic so that it does not rot"? To prevent rotting of the bulbs, the following watering rules exist:

• soil moisture should be carried out regularly;
• watering is especially important during the early growing season, when the garlic is just starting to grow. In the future, so that the plants grow with desired speed, it is necessary to gradually reduce the amount of water introduced;
• after each watering, loosening of the soil is carried out. Loosening depth - 2-3 cm. When using mulch, loosening can be omitted.

For winter varieties, watering should be more abundant. At the same time, in winter, the beds need to be covered with snow. In order to get a richer harvest, gardeners are advised to pluck arrows. Moreover, the arrows must be removed when they reach 5-8 cm.

Garlic growing in the garden must be fed without fail. The first time feeding is carried out when the plant has formed several leaves. In this case, urea (large spoon) should be diluted in a bucket of water. To fertilize 1 sq. m plantings you need to use 5 liters of the prepared solution. Also, at the first feeding, you can use a solution of bird droppings (ratio 1:12) and manure (ratio 1:10).

The second feeding is carried out 14 days after the first. A solution is prepared for her, which consists of urea (a teaspoon), double superphosphate (one large spoon), as well as potassium sulfate (one large spoon). It is allowed to use an ash solution (10 l of water and 200 g of ash).

The last third top dressing is made at the end of June. At this time, garlic, bulbs and arrows are formed. To feed the plants, you need to dissolve potassium sulfate (one large spoon) and double superphosphate (two large spoons) in a bucket of water.

The application of fertilizers should be combined with watering. Between dressings, plantings are sprinkled with wood ash. For 1 sq. m should go one glass of fertilizer.

When mulching, gardeners are advised to use straw. The beds are covered with it when the shoots grow by 10-15 cm. The straw prevents the evaporation of moisture, so the amount of watering can be reduced.

Periodically, beds with garlic need to be weeded. This is done as weeds develop.

Note to summer resident

In order to grow an excellent crop of garlic in a summer cottage or garden, you need to know some of the subtleties of growing and caring for this crop. Usually mistakes are made by novice gardeners who have not yet figured out all the nuances of interacting with garlic. To achieve the desired result, the cultivation of garlic contains the following rules:

• beds should not be covered with shade from neighboring plantings;
• excellent neighbors for this crop will be tomatoes and peppers;
• when planting planting material, it is imperative to adhere to the rules of crop rotation;
• do not plant garlic on acidic soils. To change the acidity of the earth, wood ash or chalk is added to it;
• You need to use only high-quality planting material. It is especially important to select it for the climatic conditions that exist in the growing region;
• loosening the soil will allow the underground part of the plants to receive oxygen. Without it, the garlic will start to turn yellow early. Loosening is carried out as soon as the first shoots appear. The procedure is carried out to a depth of 1-2 cm. After that, the bed is mulched and fertilizers are applied to it;
• without mulching, the crop will be small. Sawdust or peat can act as mulch;
• watering is carried out with dry soil. Otherwise, the crop will be bitter;
• strong overcrowding should be avoided. Between plants, a gap of 10 cm should be maintained, and between rows - 20 cm;
• it is recommended to detach the cloves from the head immediately before planting;
• garlic is placed in a previously dug hole. You can't push them into the ground.

Now you know how to grow your land plot garlic for a great harvest. Subject to simple agricultural practices, every gardener will be able to achieve a high-quality harvest of this crop.

Video “How to grow a rich harvest of garlic”

In this video, you will learn how to grow a rich harvest of garlic.