Greetings, dear friends! I don’t know about you, but in Novosibirsk we have a relatively cold period for November. It seems sunny, dry, but due to humidity and a northeast breeze, it is quite cold.

I think that work at low temperatures can be tried to reduce. How to do this, you will learn from this note.

The main thing here is to understand at what temperatures it becomes possible to shorten the working day.

Taking into account the requirements of the Labor Code, the hygiene standards contained in the sanitary rules and regulations ("R 2.2.2006-05. Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of factors in the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions" and "SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 2.2.4 Physical factors production environment. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate industrial premises. Sanitary Rules and Norms”, which establish, among other things, optimal and permissible temperature indicators for workplaces), the head of the company may decide to reduce the working day or to stop working at extremely low or high temperatures.

But this may be required by the employees themselves. According to Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee has the right to a workplace that meets the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and the conditions stipulated by the collective agreement. According to the law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population”, working conditions, the workplace and the labor process should not have a harmful effect on a person. And what if not cold in the workplace can lead to hypothermia and human illness?

Thus, the employer is obliged to control the microclimate at the enterprise, including the temperature in the workplace. Temperature measurement at workplaces is carried out using a thermometer or psychrometer at least 3 times per working day (shift).

After measurements, it is necessary to draw up a protocol in which to substantiate and evaluate the measurements performed for compliance with the regulatory requirements of the Sanitary Rules. Only after carrying out all the necessary measurements, the employer can decide to reduce the working day of employees on the basis of the norms of the Sanitary Rules and keep the employees full wages given that the temperature environment does not correspond to the allowed values.

If the work is related to the implementation of labor activity on outdoors, then Article 109 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for special breaks for heating at low temperatures. These breaks are included in the total working time.

And in judicial practice there were precedents when employees defended their right to a warm workplace.

In Ruling of the St. Petersburg City Court dated October 25, 2010 No. 14529, a state-owned enterprise was issued an order to eliminate violations, including non-compliance with the temperature regime in the premises of the enterprise and at workplaces.

And in the Decree of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Volga-Vyatka District of December 11, 2008 No. A82-653 / 2008-9, the court indicated that the employer did not provide safe conditions work for his employee, which led to an accident at work during the winterization of windows by the employee due to the unsatisfactory maintenance of the building, expressed in the non-insulation of window casings for work in autumn-winter period as a result of which the air temperature in the workplace was below normal.

For reference:

At what temperatures in the office is a shortened working day possible?

Working conditions are regulated by sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises".

According to the document, those who work indoors are conditionally divided into five categories:

• sedentary work. This includes managers, office workers, workers in the clothing and watch industries. For them, the most comfortable room temperature is + 22 ° С - + 24 ° С.
• if you spend the whole day on your feet. For example, these are controllers, sales consultants. They should work at +21°С - +23°С.
• work involves some physical stress. For example, tour guides, employees of cleaning shops at machine-building enterprises. The optimum temperature for them is + 19 ° С - + 21 ° С.
• work associated with walking and carrying loads up to ten kilograms. Basically, these are factory workers - locksmiths, welders. For them, the temperature in the room should be + 17 ° С - +19 ° С.
• involves heavy physical labor, for example, in foundries and blacksmith shops. The same category includes loaders who carry furniture and equipment heavier than ten kilograms. For them, the temperature is somewhat lower - + 16°C - + 18°C.

If the temperature at the workplace drops by 1 degree below normal, the working time is reduced by 1 hour.

Thus, at a temperature of +19°C, the working day of an office worker will be 7 hours, +18°C - 6 hours, and so on. At a temperature of + 12 ° C and below, work stops and, in accordance with Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, working hours in this case are paid by the employer in the amount of at least two-thirds of the tariff rate.

However, I want to note that SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 do not have the status of regulatory legal acts, and therefore, the requirements established by these acts cannot be considered mandatory, and are only advisory in nature.

If the workplace is located in unheated premises or work is carried out in the open air, one can be guided by “MP 2.2.7.2129-06. Work and rest regimes for workers in cold weather in an open area or in unheated premises, as well as regulatory documents of the regional and / or municipal level.

1. Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation - the employee has the right to a workplace that meets the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and the conditions provided for by the collective agreement.

2. At the same time, Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation obliges the employer, among other things, to ensure that labor conditions comply with labor protection requirements at each workplace; organization of control over the state of working conditions at workplaces, as well as over the correct use of personal and collective protective equipment by employees.

3. Based on Article 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, each employee has the right, including the right to a workplace that meets the requirements of labor protection.

4. At the federal level, requirements for working conditions are regulated federal law dated March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population” (hereinafter - Law No. 52-FZ).

4.1. In particular, paragraph 1 of Art. 25 says that working conditions, the workplace and the labor process should not have a harmful effect on a person. Requirements for ensuring safe working conditions for humans are established by sanitary rules and other regulatory legal acts. Russian Federation.

4.2. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 25 of Law No. 52-FZ, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities are required to take sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures to ensure safe working conditions for humans and comply with the requirements of sanitary rules and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation for production processes and technological equipment, organization of workplaces, collective and individual means of protection for workers, the regime of work, rest and consumer services for workers in order to prevent injuries, occupational diseases, infectious diseases and diseases (poisoning) associated with working conditions.

5. In accordance with clause 4.2 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. “2.2.4. Physical factors of the production environment. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises. Sanitary Rules and Norms” indicators of the microclimate should ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

5.1. Based on clause 4.3 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, indicators characterizing the microclimate in industrial premises are, among other things, air temperature, air speed.

6. “MR 2.2.7.2129-06. Work and rest regimes for workers in cold weather in an open area or in unheated premises, as well as on regulatory documents of the regional and / or municipal level.

That's all for me. Until new notes!

19.07.2010

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation obliges the employer to ensure safety and working conditions that comply with state regulatory requirements for labor protection

1. Articles 209 and 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establish that one of the obligations of the employer is to carry out sanitary, sanitary, preventive, rehabilitation and other measures in accordance with the requirements of labor protection. Currently, among the sanitary requirements for the working conditions of workers, the requirements for the temperature regime and humidity of industrial premises, which are established by SanPiN 2.2.4.548962 (hereinafter - SanPiN), are highlighted.

High air temperature is one of the factors that affects the decrease in performance. From the text of SanPiN it follows that in summer time the air temperature in the room should not exceed 25°C, and its relative humidity should not be less than 40%. Such values ​​provide a feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour working day (shift), do not cause deviations in the health status of employees, and also create prerequisites for high level their performance and are preferred in workplaces.
Since the employer needs to ensure optimal microclimate conditions in industrial premises, they must be equipped with heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The absence of an air conditioner, fan or their faulty condition will lead to an increase in temperature at the workplaces of employees. In other words, non-compliance established requirements will violate the law and pose a threat to the health of workers.
Office workers are included in category a. If the air temperature at the workplace is 30 ° C, then the duration of their working day cannot exceed 5 hours, 31 ° C - 3 hours, 32 ° C - 2 hours, and 32.5 ° C - 1 hour.

The basis for reducing working hours are microclimate indicators, which are determined in the manner prescribed by Section 7 of SanPiN. The employer needs to create a commission that will measure the temperature at the workplace. Based on the results of the examinations, a protocol is drawn up. In it, the commission reflects the measurements received and evaluates them for compliance with regulatory requirements.

If the temperature exceeds the permissible values, the employer must reduce the working hours of employees in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN. To do this, he needs to issue an order (with reference to the protocol on measuring air temperature at workplaces).

Lawyer comment:

SanPiN 2.2.4.54896 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises" states that in order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature at the workplace is above or below the permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total for the working shift) should be limited.

The specified SanPiN, of course, refers to the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and primarily addresses issues of labor protection. It refers to the limitation of the time spent by employees in the workplace when the maximum permissible temperatures are exceeded on a working day (shift). However, the concept of “stay time” is not identical to the concept of “duration of working time”.

This SanPiN establishes an obligation for the employer to modify the mode of work and rest of work, as required by Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, so that the time spent at the workplace with adverse production factors meets hygienic requirements. It seems that this duty can be fulfilled different ways(let workers go home earlier, introduce additional breaks, equip a rest room, move to another workplace, etc.).

If the employer does not fulfill this obligation, he simultaneously commits two offenses:
- violation of sanitary rules, as workplaces do not comply with these rules in terms of temperature indicators;
- violation labor law, namely the norms on labor protection, as employees work in adverse conditions.

This means that if the employer does not limit the time spent at the workplace at elevated temperatures, does not provide the employee with another job, then it turns out that the time spent at the workplace6 becomes equal to the duration of the daily work/shift7.

Consequently, in this case, indeed, overtime hours arise for employees, since they work on the initiative of the employer outside the working hours established for them.

Thus, employees can be advised to file complaints with both the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor) and labor inspectorates. The fine established by the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for legal entities for violations of sanitary rules, comparable to the cost of purchasing and installing air conditioners and fans.

A person spends almost the entire conscious part of his life in the workplace. It is for this reason that the requirements that regulate the hygienic requirements of the microclimate in the premises where people work are natural. It is very important to comply with all these norms and rules in office-type premises, where a person uses mainly mental activity. And for this type of work is characterized by relative physical inactivity. This leads to the fact that the negative consequences of an incorrect operating mode are even more aggravated.

The legislation provides for a number of laws regarding the temperature regime in office-type premises, as well as the responsibility of the owner (employer) for their non-compliance and violation.

Temperature regime and microclimate very strongly affects the performance and well-being of a person. Low or high air temperature, which has a long-term effect on a working person, not only negatively affects human health, but also greatly reduces the productivity of his work. People working in office space, perform a wide variety of actions, most of which require being in one specific position for a long period. Basically it is a sedentary and sitting position:

1. Making decisions.
2. Communication with customers.
3. Paperwork.
4. Working at a computer and other similar professions.

Physical inactivity and mental labor do not coexist very well with the uncomfortable temperature conditions of the air in an office-type room.

After conducting many experiments, the researchers found that even slight deviations in air temperature have such a strong effect on the efficiency of work in the office that if it is impossible to provide the desired microclimate, it makes sense to shorten the working day.

It is very important to ensure the appropriate temperature conditions in the office. This is the obligation of the employer under the law, regardless of the level of subordination and form of ownership of the organization.

Optimum or comfort

Every person who works in the office wants to carry out their activities in conditions of maximum comfort. But this concept is highly subjective, as it is tied to the personal feelings of each individual. And these feelings, as you know, are different for everyone. What is an excellent option for one individual may be simply unacceptable for another. It is precisely because of this that such a concept as “ comfortable conditions».

Instead of the term subjective "comfort" is used in professional vocabulary a more definite and precise parameter "optimum conditions". As for the optimum air temperature, this value is determined by complex calculations and physiological studies. The calculation takes into account the average needs of a person.

The requirement for optimal temperature conditions belongs to the legislative area. This is fixed in certain normative documents.

SanPiN for the protection of human health

All standards are collected in a special code of the Russian Federation. This code defines optimal health and hygiene standards for different areas human activities, including employment. These documents relate to the technical and medical fields. At the same time, it is also legislative, and it is for this reason that it is necessary to comply with all these norms.

The abbreviation SanPiN is deciphered as follows - sanitary rules and norms. The document that regulates optimal conditions at the workplace is called SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 and is as follows: hygienic requirements for the microclimate in industrial premises. These SanPiN provides labor protection regulations for office employees and workers in production. These SanPiN were adopted within the framework of Federal Law No. 52 of March 30, 1999 "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population."

Compliance with SanPiN requirements by the employer supported by articles Labor Code of the Russian Federation No. 209 and 212. They deal with liability in case of non-compliance by the employer with the rules of labor protection and health, as well as timely measures taken for rehabilitation, treatment and prevention, sanitary and other similar activities. Article No. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes that the employer must carry out a set of measures in order to ensure an optimal working microclimate.

What measures can be taken

The solution to this problem can be the following options:

1. Equipment for recreation of a special room.
2. Transfer of a worker to another workplace.
3. Earlier dissolution of those working from home.
4. Additional breaks.

If the employer refuses to comply with the requirements for providing optimal performance, then he can be charged with two offenses at the same time.

1. Violation of sanitary norms and rules (temperature standards in the room do not correspond to standard indicators).
2. Ignoring labor legislation due to the fact that people work in inappropriate conditions.

If the boss is inactive in this situation and does not agree to provide employees with another workplace, then the time that he was in unfavorable conditions is equal to the shift (daily working day) in duration. In other words, one can freely talk about the processing of an employee at the initiative of the boss, with all the ensuing financial and legal consequences.

Seasonal requirements for air temperature in office premises

In the warm and cold seasons, the optimal indoor air temperature conditions are achieved different ways. Based on this, we can conclude that the requirements for the microclimate in the room will be different. Accordingly, the measures provided for by SanPiN, in the event that it is impossible to ensure the optimal temperature regime or it is violated, will also have differences.

To not be too hot

For health and performance, a long stay in a room where the air temperature is very high is especially detrimental. In a working indoor environment, this heat and stuffiness can be exacerbated by a large crowd of people, the presence of office equipment in operation, and compliance with a specially introduced dress code.

It is because of this that the optimal temperature values ​​\u200b\u200band permissible maximum values ​​\u200b\u200bin the hot season were established by law. For office workers with air humidity of 40–60%, they are 23–25 degrees. The temperature can rise up to 28 degrees.

Exceeding the air temperature in the office in the summer

If inside the office the thermometer deviates from the optimum by at least 2 degrees, then it becomes much more difficult to work. The employer will need to install air conditioning in the employee room and provide it Good work and timely service.

If suddenly, for some reason, this is not done, then the employee should not meekly endure the unbearable heat, while still trying to comply with all professional requirements. SanPiN allow with good reason to shorten the standard working eight-hour day for the employee, for which they were calculated the following temperature requirements:

Many workers say Negative influence air conditioner on your health, which is compared to stuffiness and heat in terms of harm. According to the same requirements of SanPiN, together with humidity and temperature indicators, the speed of movement of air in the room is limited, which should be in the range from 0.1 to 0.3 m / s. From these requirements of SanPiN, it follows that an employee should not be under the jet of a blowing air conditioner.

Cold is the enemy of work

No work can be argued in a cold room, especially in an office, when the body cannot warm itself with movement. There are such categories of working professions in which for a short time it is permissible to lower the temperature of the air to 15 degrees, but this does not apply to those people who work in the office.

Inside the office space in cold weather, the temperature regime must be observed in the range from 22 to 24 degrees. It is possible to fluctuate these values, but not more than 2 degrees. For a short period of time, the thermometer may deviate from allowable rate 4 degrees max.

What to do if the office space is cold

Only in the event that the air temperature does not drop below 20 degrees, the working staff is required to be at the workplace full time (8 hours). With each lower degree, the norm of working hours is reduced:

Temperature measurements and their features

Observe the accuracy of temperature measurements. This is due to the fact that each degree plays a special role in the duration of working time.

If employees or the employer are unscrupulous, then it may be tempting to underestimate or overestimate the true temperature values. It is possible that an error is made due to the fact that the instrument you are measuring is incorrectly placed or defective.

To avoid complications with the determination of air temperature indicators, SanPiN is required to place the device at a distance of 1 meter above the floor.

What is the responsibility of the employer if he does not comply with the requirements of the office microclimate

If for some reason the employer refuses to install an air conditioner (fan) in the summer and a heater in the winter, thereby maintaining the optimal temperature regime in the norm, then his subordinates should not tolerate this because they might get fired. You can contact the sanitary and epidemiological service. She will definitely come to your enterprise with a check. If during the inspection the complaint is confirmed, then the authorities cannot avoid responsibility for failure to comply with the requirements of SanPiN.

And also for non-compliance with the requirements, the employer faces a fine of approximately 12 thousand rubles. If, after a re-inspection, the same violations are again revealed, then its activities will be suspended for 3 months in accordance with Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Temperature in the workplace: sanitary norms and rules from 2016

From 1.01.2017 all employers and employees must comply with the new requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service, which are related to physical factors in the workplace. This was approved by the decision of the Chief Sanitary State Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016 Order No. 81. The updated sanitary standards and rules define the impact on the human body and its activities of such indicators as:

It is customary to call the standards the maximum permissible level of a particular factor, as well as its impact on a person who is at least 8 hours at the workplace, within the permissible limits. This impact should not lead to deviations in the state of health or diseases (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 clause 1.4).

Due to the fact that new sanitary requirements have been introduced, some of the old ones have ceased to operate since January 2017. One of these is SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 about " electromagnetic fields in production conditions".

Today, the question of what should be the temperature in the workplace according to sanitary rules is relevant for workers and employers.

Sanitary rules for air temperature in the workplace

Sanitary rules establish optimal temperature indicators in the workplace. These indicators include:

1. The speed of air movement.
2. Relative air humidity.
3. surface temperature.
4. Air temperature.

Normal sanitary indicators for cold and warm seasons are determined separately. The cold season is considered to be the period when the average daily outdoor air temperature has approached 10 degrees and below. If outside the window is more than this value, then it can be considered a warm season.

The temperature readings in an office space are slightly different in winter and summer. In any period a person needs a thermal balance with the environment.

In addition to all this, depending on the energy consumption of a person, there are different indicators thermometer in various fields activities.

Requirements for measurement methods and organization of microclimate control in accordance with sanitary standards

Measurements of microclimatic indicators in order to control their compliance with sanitary standards should be carried out during the warm season- on those days when the outside air temperature differs from the maximum average temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 degrees, and in cold weather - when the difference from the coldest month is not more than 5 degrees. The frequency of such measurements is determined by the functioning of the sanitary and technological equipment, as well as the stability of the production process.

When choosing the time and sites for measurements, it is worth considering all the factors that affect the microclimate of the workplace (functioning heating and ventilation systems, phases technological process and others). It is worth measuring microclimatic indicators at least 3 times per shift. If the indicators associated with technological and other reasons fluctuate, then it is necessary to carry out additional measurements at the lowest and highest values ​​of the thermal load on the employee.

Measurements should be taken at the workplace. If your place of work is several production sites, then the indicators should be measured at each separately.

If there is a source of local moisture release, cooling or heat release (open baths, heated units, gates, doorways, windows and others like them), then you need to measure the indicators at points that maximum and minimum distance from the thermal source of exposure.

In those premises where there is a high density of jobs, but there are no sources of moisture release, cooling and heat release, the places for measuring microclimatic indicators, relative to the speed of movement and air humidity, should be evenly distributed over the area of ​​​​the room according to the following principle:

1. The area of ​​the room is up to 100 square meters - the number of measured sections is 4.
2. From 100 to 400 meters - 8.
3. Over 400 - the distance between the sections should not be more than 10 meters.

During sedentary work movement speed and temperature indicators should be measured at heights of 0.1 and 1 meter from the floor, and relative air humidity - 1 meter from the working platform or floor. When standing still, the speed and temperature are measured at heights of 1 and 1.5 meters, and the relative humidity is 1.5 meters.

If there is a radiant heat source, then at the workplace, thermal exposure is measured from each source, placing the device perpendicular to the incident stream. Carry out these measurements at heights of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 meters from the working platform or floor.

The temperature on the surfaces is measured in cases where the place of work is removed from them at a distance of no more than 2 meters.

Relative humidity and air temperature in the presence of sources of air currents and thermal radiation at workplaces measured with aspiration psychrometers. If such sources are not available, then the relative humidity and temperature regime of the air can be measured with psychrometers, which are not protected from the effects of the speed of movement and thermal radiation of the air. You can also use those devices that separately measure humidity and air temperature.

The speed of air movement is measured by rotary anemometers (cup, vane and others). Small values ​​​​of air movement speed (less than 0.5 meters per second), especially if there are multidirectional flows, are measured by hot-wire anemometers, as well as ball and cylindrical catathermometers, if they are protected from thermal radiation.

The temperature on the surfaces measured by remote (pyrometers) or contact (electrothermometer) devices.

The intensity of thermal irradiation is measured by instruments that provide the sensor's visibility angle as close as possible to the hemisphere (at least 160 degrees), sensitive in the visible and infrared spectral regions (radiometers, actinometers, and others).

The permissible error of measuring instruments and the measuring range must comply with the following criteria:

Based on the results of the study, a protocol is drawn up, which reflects general information about the production facility, placement of sanitary and technological equipment, sources of moisture release, cooling, heat release; all schemes for the placement of measurement sites for all necessary microclimate parameters and other data are given.

Ultimately, at the end of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be evaluated in accordance with regulatory sanitary requirements.

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25.06.2018, 18:36

The employer must provide employees normal conditions labor. One of them is the acceptable temperature in the workplace. SanPiN 2018 installs regulatory requirements to the organization of the work process in enterprises.

The fact is that the temperature in the office or production premises, as well as other factors of the working environment and the labor process, directly affects the performance of the staff and the well-being of each individual employee (part 2 of article 22, part 2 of article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) .

We monitor working conditions

A special state regulatory body, the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia, has developed a document containing permissible microclimate conditions in organizations (SaPiN 2.24.548-96.2.2.4, approved by Decree No. 21 of 01.10.1996).

In addition to indicators such as relative humidity and air velocity, as well as the intensity of thermal radiation, it contains restrictions on air and surface temperatures. Thus, SanPiN control over the temperature in the room at the workplace is established at the legislative level.

Adhering to these rules is the direct responsibility of every employer. Moreover, for violation of these norms of the organization and its officials, as well as individual entrepreneurs who are employers face administrative liability (Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Employer actions

take care of the creation suitable conditions labor administration of the organization must advance. For these purposes, legislators recommend installing air conditioning systems and coolers in companies (clauses 15, 18 of the Standard list of measures to improve working conditions and labor protection, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated March 1, 2012 No. 181n).

If the temperature regime is not observed, the efficiency of the personnel is reduced. In addition, working at elevated air temperatures can lead to an exacerbation of chronic diseases. This automatically increases the risk of an accident at work.

If, nevertheless, despite the measures taken, the temperature at the workplace (SanPiN 2.24.548-96.2.2.4) exceeds the permissible values, the working day must be reduced. Also, to protect personnel from overheating, the employer must:

• establish additional breaks in work;
• equip rest rooms;
• provide short-term vacations outside the approved schedule at the request of employees.

For different categories of work, the maximum possible temperatures differ. So, for example, for office employees, the following maximum working hours are set depending on temperature:

These are the rules established for all employers (Rostrud information dated 06/21/2018).

Violation of these regulations may result in liability. For example, an organization can:

• issued a warning;
• a fine from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles was imposed;
• issued an order to suspend activities for up to 90 days.

If the violation of SanPiN resulted in serious bodily harm or death of an employee, then the employee responsible for observing labor protection rules may be held criminally liable (Article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

State system of sanitary and epidemiological
regulation of the Russian Federation

Federal Sanitary Rules, Norms and Hygiene
standards

2.2.4. PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for the microclimate
industrial premises

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

Russian Ministry of Health

Moscow 1997

1 . Developed by: Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Afanas'eva R.F., Repin G.N., Mikhailova N.S., Bessonova N.A., Burmistrova O.V., Losik T.K.); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman (Ustyushin B.V.); with the participation of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases (Sinitsina E.V., Chashchin V.P.); Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia (Lytkin B.G., Kucherenko A.I.).

2 . Approved and put into effect by the Decree of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21.

3 . Introduced to replace Sanitary standards microclimate of industrial premises”, approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR dated March 31, 1986, No. 4088-86.

Law of the RSFSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population"

“Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) are regulations that establish criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for a person and requirements for ensuring favorable conditions for his life.

Sanitary rules are obligatory for observance by all state bodies and public associations, enterprises and other economic entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and form of ownership, by officials and citizens” (Article 3).

“A sanitary offense is an unlawful, guilty (intentional or careless) act (action or inaction) associated with non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including the current sanitary rules¼

Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who have committed a sanitary offense may be subject to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability” (Article 27).

APPROVED

Date of introduction: from the moment of approval

2.2.4 . PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for the microclimate
industrial premises

Hygienic requirements for occupational microclimate

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 . These Sanitary Rules and Norms (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) are intended to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces, industrial premises on well-being, functional state, performance and human health.

1.2 . These Sanitary Rules apply to microclimate indicators at workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. References to the obligation to comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules should be included in regulatory and technical documents: standards, building codes and rules, specifications and other regulatory and technical documents regulating performance characteristics production facilities, technological, engineering and sanitary equipment, which determine the provision of hygienic microclimate standards.

1.3 . In accordance with Articles 9 and 34 of the Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population", organizations must carry out production control over compliance with the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and the implementation of preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases working in production premises, as well as monitoring compliance with working conditions and recreation and the implementation of measures for the collective and individual protection of workers from the adverse effects of the microclimate.

1.4 . Heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of the form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces in line with the requirements for the microclimate provided for by these Sanitary Rules.

1.5 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over the implementation of these Sanitary Rules is carried out by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control - by bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of the relevant ministries and departments.

1.6 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the construction of new and reconstruction of existing industrial premises is carried out at the stages of project development and commissioning of facilities, taking into account the nature of the technological process and the compliance of engineering and sanitary equipment with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules and Building Codes and Rules "Heating, ventilation and conditioning".

1.7 . Project documentation for the construction and reconstruction of industrial premises must be agreed with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia.

1.8 . The commissioning of industrial premises in order to assess the compliance of the hygienic parameters of the microclimate with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules must be carried out with the mandatory participation of representatives of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Russian Federation.

2. Normative references

2.1 . Law of the RSFSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population".

2.2 . The Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Regulation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994, No. 625.

2.3 . Management " General requirements to the construction, presentation and execution of sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological regulatory and methodological documents "of February 9, 1994 R 1.1.004-94.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1 . Production premises- enclosed spaces in specially designed buildings and structures, in which constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day) labor activity people.

3.2 . Working place- the section of the premises on which during work shift or part of it is carried out labor activity. A workplace can be several sections of a production facility. If these areas are located throughout the premises, then the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises is considered the workplace.

3.3 . Cold period of the year - the period of the year, characterized by an average daily temperature of the outside air, equal to +10 °C and below.

3.4 . Warm period of the year- the period of the year, characterized by an average daily temperature of the outside air above +10 °C.

3. 5 . Average daily temperature outdoor air- the average value of the outdoor air temperature, measured at certain hours of the day at regular intervals. It is taken according to the meteorological service.

3.6 . delimitation works on categories is carried out on the basis of the intensity of the total energy consumption of the body in kcal / h (W). Characteristics of individual categories of work ( I a, Ib, II a, II b, III ) is presented in the appendix .

3.7 environments (TNS) - the combined effect on the human body of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity, thermal radiation), expressed as a single-number indicator in ° C.

4. General requirements and microclimate indicators

4.1 . The sanitary rules establish hygienic requirements for the indicators of the microclimate of workplaces in industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, the time of work, periods of the year, and contain requirements for methods for measuring and controlling microclimatic conditions.

4.2 . Microclimate indicators should ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

4.3 . The indicators characterizing the microclimate in industrial premises are:

· air temperature;

· surface temperature*;

· relative humidity;

· air speed;

· intensity of thermal radiation.

* The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceiling, floor), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or its enclosing devices, is taken into account.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1 . Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria for the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on thermoregulatory mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health status, create prerequisites for a high level of performance and are preferred in the workplace.

5.2 . The optimal values ​​of the microclimate indicators must be observed at the workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work associated with neuro-emotional stress is performed (in cabins, on consoles and control posts for technological processes, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other jobs and types of work in which optimal microclimate values ​​must be ensured are determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed with the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in the prescribed manner.

5.3 . The optimal parameters of the microclimate at the workplace should correspond to the values ​​​​given in Table. , in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

5.4 . Changes in air temperature along the height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during the shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​at workplaces, should not exceed 2 ° C and go beyond the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table. for certain categories of work.

Table 1

Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators at workplaces of industrial premises

		Air temperature, ° WITH	surface temperature, ° WITH	Relative humidity, %	Air speed, m/s
Cold
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)						Air temperature, ° WITH		surface temperature, ° WITH	Relative humidity , %	Air speed, m/s
range below optimal values	range above optimal values	for a range of air temperatures below the optimum values , no more	for a range of air temperatures above the optimum values , no more**
Cold		20,0 - 21, 9				0, 1
	Ib (140 - 174)		23,1 - 24, 0
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)	15,0 - 16, 9
	III (more than 290)						0, 4
		21, 0 - 22,9	25, 1 - 28,0
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)	18,0 - 19, 9	22,1 - 27, 0
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)

*At temperatures air 25 ° WITH and above maximum quantities relative humidity air must accepted v accordance With requirements P. .

** At temperatures air 26 - 28 ° WITH speed movements air v warm period of the year should accepted v accordance With requirements P. .

6.4 . When ensuring acceptable microclimate values ​​at workplaces:

· the air temperature difference along the height should be no more than 3° WITH ;

· horizontal air temperature difference, as well as its changes during the shift should not exceed:

In this case, the absolute values ​​of the air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table. for certain categories of work.

Number of measurement sites

100 to 400

The number of sections is determined by the distance between them, which should not exceed 10 m.

measurement range

Limit deviation

Air temperature according to dry bulb, °С

-30 to 50

± 0, 2

Wet bulb temperature, ° WITH

± 0,2

surface temperature, ° WITH

± 0,5

Relative humidity, %

± 5,0

Air speed, m/s

± 0, 05

± 0,1

Intensity of thermal irradiation, W / m 2

from 10 to 350

± 5,0

± 50,0

7.14 . Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information about the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat release, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data.

7.15 . At the conclusion of the protocol, an assessment of the results of the performed measurements for compliance with regulatory requirements should be given.

Annex 1
(reference)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

1 . Categories of work are delimited on the basis of the intensity of energy consumption of the body in kcal / h (W).

2. Category I and include work with an intensity of energy consumption up to 120 kcal / h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by slight physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.) .

3 . Category I b include work with an intensity of energy consumption of 121 - 150 kcal / h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing, or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, in communication enterprises, controllers, masters in various types production, etc.).

4 . Category II a includes work with an intensity of energy consumption of 151 - 200 kcal / h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving, etc.).

5 . Category II b includes work with an intensity of energy consumption of 201 - 250 kcal / h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying loads up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundry, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. Category III include work with an energy intensity of more than 250 kcal / h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, moving and carrying significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in blacksmith shops with manual forging, foundries with manual stuffing and casting molding boxes of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (TNS index)

1 . The thermal load index of the environment (THS-index) is an empirical indicator that characterizes the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2 . The THC index is determined on the basis of the wet bulb temperature values ​​of the aspiration psychrometer ( t ow ) and temperature inside the blackened sphere ( t w ).

3 . The temperature inside the blackened sphere is measured by a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow sphere; t w reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air velocity. The blackened sphere shall have a diameter of 90 mm, the smallest possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. Temperature measurement accuracy inside the ball± 0.5 °C.

4 . TNS-index is calculated according to the equation:

5 . The THC-index is recommended to be used for an integral assessment of the thermal load of the environment at workplaces where the air velocity does not exceed 0.6 m/s, and the intensity of thermal radiation is 1200 W/m 2 .

6 . The method for measuring and controlling the THC index is similar to the method for measuring and controlling air temperature (p.p. - of these Sanitary Rules).

7 . The values ​​of the THC index should not go beyond the values ​​recommended in Table. .

	The values ​​of the integral indicator, ° WITH
Ib (140 - 174)
IIa (175 - 232)
IIb (233 - 290)	19,5 - 23, 9
III (more than 290)	18,0 - 21, 8

Operating time at tempera Tair pressure at the workplace is above or below the permissible values

1 . In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature at the workplace is higher or lower than the permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total per shift) should be limited to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table. and tab. of this application. At the same time, the average shift air temperature at which workers are during the work shift at workplaces and places of rest should not go beyond the allowable air temperature values ​​​​for the corresponding categories of work indicated in Table. 1

5, 5

Average shift air temperature ( t in ) calculated by the formula:

where

t in1, t in2, … t in n - air temperature (°C) in the relevant areas of the workplace;

τ 1 , τ 2 , …, τ n - time (h) to perform work in the relevant areas of the workplace;

8 - duration of the work shift (h).

Other indicators of the microclimate (relative air humidity, air velocity, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the allowable values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

one . P Guide 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and environment (under approval).

2 SNiP 2.01.01 . "Construction climatology and geophysics".

3 . Guidelines "Assessment of the thermal state of a person in order to justify hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating" No. 5168-90 dated 05.03.90. In: Hygienic bases for the prevention of the adverse effects of the industrial microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

4 . Guide P 2.2.013-94. Labor hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

5 . GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area."

6 . building codes and rules. SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".