Generator installation - requirements and features. Where to install a generator in the country house Installing a domestic generator indoors

Recently, by mail, by phone, they often began to ask, how to install a generator?

We have shown an example earlier.

It would seem that it could be simpler, put it on, screwed it to the floor and that's it ... But at the same time, many people forget that the generator needs regular maintenance, even if it did not work. In this article, we will consider several options for installing baby generators up to 5-6 kW. Questions supply and exhaust ventilation will not be considered, this is a topic for the next article ...

How often to do maintenance (TO) the generator? For each generator in the passport, the frequency of maintenance is indicated ( Maintenance). For example, Hyundai generator manufacturers (Korea?) recommend maintenance every three months, otherwise

the generator loses its warranty ... But in my opinion they are reinsured ...

As for me, after running in the generator, maintenance should be carried out every 70-80 hours of operation of the mini-power plant, but at least once a year. If the generator is operated in "hard" conditions (construction, operation of the generator at full load, etc.), then, of course, it is worth taking pity on the generator and you can change the oil more often - every 50 hours. Maintenance costs are not so big, but timely maintenance will significantly extend the “life” of the generator.

Let's calculate how much it costs to maintain a 5-6 kW gasoline generator, it is this generator power that is most optimal for reserving a medium-sized house.

Mini power station maintenance.

So, when carrying out maintenance, it is necessary to change the oil, check the oil filter, the candle.

1)Generator Oil. The passport for the product (gasoline, diesel generator) indicates the brand of recommended oil. As a rule, standard automotive semi-synthetics 10W40 are suitable for most generators. The cost of 1 liter of high-quality oil is up to 100 gr;

2)Air filter for generator. If there is an ordinary foam rubber filter and it is without visible defects, then you can simply rinse it with gasoline, dry it, pour 20-40 grams of oil on it, knead it well and put it back. If a paper filter is installed on the generator, then the cost, depending on the type of generator, can range from 100 g (KAMA, KIPOR) to 450 g (Honda-original).

3) Spark plug for gasoline generator. Candle cost good quality can be up to 10 ye, but it is quite possible to put an inexpensive NGK candle for 25 gr. When choosing a candle, it is necessary to take into account the glow number. The most correct decision when buying a candle is to come with a sample. Also, as a recommendation, if you purchased an inexpensive Chinese generator, then 99% of it will contain the cheapest and not the highest quality candle. Change it right away. Alternatively, you can ask to change the candle during the purchase of the generator directly in the store.

Total, average self service gasoline or diesel generator will cost you about 300-350 gr.

But we have deviated a little from the topic of this post. So, how to properly install a gasoline or diesel generator, so that it is convenient to maintain it in the future?

Most often, some unnecessary corner is allocated for the generator in the garage or shed, so that it does not interfere with anyone, while forgetting that this same generator needs to be serviced sometimes ...

First of all, it is necessary to leave as much free space around the generator as possible, sufficient so that, if necessary, you can have free access to the generator components for inspection and replacement. So, for example, in order to change the spark plug, the air filter on the generator and the like, it takes at least 25-30 cm. In addition, large space around the generator allows the generator to cool better.

Changing the oil on a gasoline and diesel generator

In order to change the oil, you need to raise the generator from the floor level by at least 25-30 cm. Well, if you are enough the strong man or you have a small ... generator))), but in any case, keeping an 80-kilogram generator, about the weight of a 5 kW generator, and trying to drain the oil so as not to spill it is quite problematic.

Stand for a generator.

In order to avoid dancing with the generator, even at the stage of installing the generator, it is necessary to make a frame for the generator. As a rule, the leg height of 20-25 cm is sufficient for normal generator maintenance. As for the size of the bed itself. For example, for the Honda-elemax sh 7600 generator, the frame size is approximately 50 * 55 cm, the height of the legs is 20-25 cm. We weld a corner at the base of the legs, make holes in it through which we will later attach our generator to the floor.

I personally know several cases when a person turned the generator on its side for several years in order to drain the oil through the filler neck. It was a discovery for him that the oil can be drained without turning the generator over))).

The entire power part of the generator - the engine and the alternator (generator) are attached to the generator frame by means of special rubber shock absorbers that dampen the engine vibration. But if you attach the generator rigidly to the base, part of the vibration is still transmitted. In order to dampen this vibration a little, we put rubber inserts between our frame and the base (floor).

As rubber bushings-inserts, VAZ bushings from transverse thrust have proven themselves well. We just put them under our corners. Next, we drill holes in the floor and fasten the entire structure with dowels and bolts. Cheap and cheerful...

If there is a desire to make a more durable structure, Volgov pillows installed under the engine can be used as a shock-absorbing spacer. But here, unlike the previous design, you need to more accurately calculate the dimensions, and the cost is a little more expensive than with VAZ rubber bands.

Well, the most cheap option to reduce the transmission of vibration from the generator to the base of the building, this is the use of old car tires. Just make a small wooden shield suitable sizes, fasten to the tires. Then you install a generator on this whole structure and enjoy the money saved.

About five years ago, one of our customers independently made such a structure as a temporary stand for the generator, everything is still in place. Looks like that temporary state has not yet passed))).

To order generator installation turnkey can be with me, everything will be done quickly-high-quality-with a guarantee!!!

When installing electric generators that are installed permanently, it is necessary to comply with a number of requirements that ensure the efficiency, reliability and safety of operation. Installing a generator involves choosing optimal location for operation, which must meet a number of fundamental conditions, which will be discussed in this article.

The generator must be reliably protected from impact on it. aggressive environments: the room must be completely isolated from any chemical, mineral or organic compounds that could penetrate in the form of dust, aerosol, suspension and dust.

The generator must not be leaned against any of the walls, or the free circulation of air flows around it must not be disturbed in any other way. The minimum free space above it must be at least 1.5 meters, and along the perimeter of the generator installation - at least 1 meter (the requirement is not met in the picture, the width of the container is 2.35 m, the distance from the walls to the generator is 40-50 cm).

In addition to all other requirements, access by unauthorized persons to the place where the generator is installed must be limited. It is unlikely that you will be inspired to discover one day in the immediate vicinity of the installed generator of yours or a neighbor's child.

Generator base

The first step in the installation of the generator base is the preparation of a foundation for it, the arrangement project of which must be carried out in strict accordance with building codes. The best option in this case is a reinforced concrete pillow. Thanks to this installation solution, the generator will be provided not only with the support rigidity necessary for it, but also with one of the ways to combat vibration.

It is quite simple to calculate and mount the base for a reinforced concrete base if you know a simple formula: the weight of a reinforced concrete pillow should be twice the weight of the device itself. If there is concern that water may enter the selected room, the base must be installed at a safe height above the floor.

Vibration control measures

In many models of electric generators, shock absorbers are provided in the design. Thanks to the shock absorbers, such a phenomenon during the operation of the generator as mechanical vibration can be significantly reduced. During the installation of special shock absorbers, the base of the generator must be firmly fixed to the foundation.

This fixation eliminates the possibility of displacement of the base of the unit. Do not forget that, unlike portable power generators, the weight of stationary power plants reaches from several hundred kilograms to a ton.

Air intake system

In most situations, when a room is set up where a generator is to be installed, the air for its engine is taken through an air filter, directly from the room itself. The air that enters the internal combustion chamber of the engine must be extremely clean in terms of the absence of various kinds of suspensions, and it is desirable that it be cold.

If the room equipped for the installation of the generator has unavoidable characteristics, such as increased temperature and a high degree of dust, it is necessary to treat the air before it enters the engine.

Cooling and ventilation systems

During the operation of the generator, the release of a large number heat. Its main source is the generator itself, in addition, the exhaust manifold and the generator engine play a role. In order to compensate for the increase in temperature in the room where the generator is installed and to provide acceptable conditions for all the mechanisms of the unit, it must be equipped with a ventilation system.

In order to properly design ventilation system rooms, it is necessary to take into account how the air flow is organized and oriented. The correct air movement pattern is as follows: it enters from the side of the generator, passing along the heated engine, enters the radiator of the cooling system, and then is removed. In order for this scheme to be fully implemented, ventilation systems with forced air flow are used. This is the only way to ensure efficient heat removal from the room.

The ventilation system must have openings - inlet and outlet with a diameter that will be sufficient for the intake and removal of the required level of air flow. The reference point here is the generator radiator: according to the rules, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsuch holes should be no less than 1.5 times the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe generator radiator itself. In addition, it is recommended to install special blinds on the openings, which will allow maintaining indoor comfortable temperature with the generator stopped.

Exhaust gas outlet

An indispensable part of the exhaust system of an electric generator should be a muffler designed to reduce noise levels. The design of the system must provide for the removal of exhaust gases generated during the operation of the installation to a place intended for this.

In the case of generators with a protective casing, the exhaust system of the electric generator can be built-in or external, as in generators in an open design. Depending on the type of generator, the scope of supply may include Various types exhaust system mountings. In most cases, the installation of a gas exhaust system requires additional work - the installation of a protective visor, the completion of an exhaust silencer and other equipment that was not included in the list.

Exhaust system design is one of the most important points arrangement of the premises. Structural and functional characteristics exhaust system must comply with the requirements of the device manufacturer. For example, one of them is such a factor as the magnitude of the exhaust back pressure - it is unacceptable to exceed the engine load limits.

When designing an exhaust system, it must be ensured that its design and performance meet certain requirements. In particular, the exhaust gas back pressure must not be higher than the allowable value set for a particular engine. Otherwise, exceeding this parameter significantly reduces its output power. This suggests that the top priority for the exhaust system is the minimum length and number of bends.

Brief conclusions

Despite the apparent simplicity of the procedure for installing an electric generating plant, even at the design stage, it is necessary to simultaneously take into account many factors, some of which we have outlined in the article. Without proper professional training and experience, this occupation is unlikely to be available to an ordinary homeowner.

We believe that in such an important matter as the energy security of a home, it makes sense, in addition to the purchase costs, to provide for additional costs for installing a generator and subsequent commissioning. Believe me, these costs will pay off very quickly with the comfort and reliability of your home.

A spare source of electricity will never interfere in the house in case emergencies. Unscheduled and indefinite or emergency shutdown of light can adversely affect electrical appliances. And if your heating system depends on electricity supply, then in winter there is a risk of cooling down the house and freezing its owner.

Buying a generator is not an option. But the correct connection will guarantee the safe use of the device and provide power during a failure.

There are two main schemes for connecting a generator to a house. Both methods are for self installation without calling the master. Which method is simpler, lighter and fits the type of generator is up to you:

1. Toggle switch method;
2. Through automatic control.

Connection with changeover switch

Two types of switches are applicable here: either changeover or reversible (with 3 moves-positions). They simply switch the home network to different sources nutrition. Both have 3 branches:

• the first is from the main power grid to the generator,
• the second - from the house to the generator,
• the third - from the generator to the instruments.

To correctly account for the electricity consumed at home, it is very useful to know. You just need to stick to general scheme installation and take into account the different parameters of the device when choosing it.

The principle of operation of an electric generator is that it will be in operation when the main network is turned off (de-energized). If the current supply from the general electrical network is normal, then the generator cannot function. That is, one thing is active or both sources of electricity are turned off.

To connect a generator in a private house, it is better to use cables with copper wire inside. As a rule, it looks like a cord with two plugs at the edges.

Contact mounting scheme:

• upper contacts - a cable is attached from the main network;
• contacts in the middle - a private circuit at home;
• lower contacts - designed for power plant (grounding).

It is important to connect the entire circuit, and then start the generator!

How to start the generator:

1. it takes a couple of minutes to warm up the generator;
2. turn the switch on the shield down.

Connecting a generator with automatic start

There are stations that are equipped automatic maintenance. The automatic unit is connected to the generator and to the mains. When the power goes out in the house, the generator system automatically kicks in, replacing the main power source. When the power supply is restored, the station also switches itself off.

Such a unit can be purchased separately from electrical stores.


AVR connection principle:

• the AVR system is connected to the mains;
• ATS and generator connects the control cable;
• a cable comes out of it, which is attached to the contacts of the generator and already from it conducts electricity to the house.

Important! Any work on connecting generators must be carried out when the house or apartment is de-energized by you personally! This ensures that you are not accidentally struck by an electrical discharge.

Safety Rules When Using Home Power Plant

Compliance with the rules will protect against short circuits, injury, etc.:

1. If the station is located in a residential area, then good ventilation is the first thing to ensure. If the generator is of high power, then it should be put outside.
2. It is better to hide the station from the adverse effects of the weather, in particular, precipitation and humidity.
3. When attaching contacts, do not leave bare sections of wires.
4. Fuel-powered generators should not be located near high temperatures.

Spilled fuel is thoroughly wiped up. Switch off the unit before refueling.

5. Avoid contact with a running generator. Do not approach in developing clothes, because the fan inside can draw fabric, oilcloth, etc.
6. Grounding is mandatory for diesel and gasoline generators.

How to properly ground the generator

To ground a home power plant, you only need a small metal rod (diameter -15 mm) and the same tube (diameter - 50 mm, both products are 1.5 m long), as well as galvanized iron sheet (500 mm * 1000 mm).

Having previously understood the features different types soldering irons, solders, making necessary training to the soldering process and adhering to all safety measures - only then can the amateur master safely claim that he knows.

Soldering is still the main method for creating various circuits. How not to make a mistake with the choice of the right soldering iron - will help. And you can learn how to assemble such a tool at home.

Strong fastenings at both ends of the rod from the generator to the pipe in the ground ensure that, with a possible voltage, they will not be torn off by the power flow. The tube is stuck deep into the ground, which must be constantly wet, for its entire length. We leave only 7-10 cm on top.

enjoy electrical appliances right!

Video on how to connect a generator to a house or apartment

In the absence of electricity or failures in its supply, a private house needs backup power. Many homeowners are often puzzled by the problem of how to connect a generator to the mains at home. The scheme must be first and foremost secure. First of all, you need to figure out what not to do.

Errors when connecting a reserve

It is not allowed to connect a mini-power station to an outlet in the house when the machines in the input panel are turned off, which is often done by the owners. The power of the generator can be several times greater than the capacity of the wiring. For an outlet, it is no more than 3.5 kW. As a result, the wires will overheat, which threatens with a short circuit or fire. If someone accidentally turns on the machine when the power is restored, the backup power source will immediately fail. But there is still a solution to the question of how to connect the generator to the house network through an outlet. The mini power plant can be connected to the home switchboard if it matches the load power and is connected only to the switch contacts on the generator side. The right decision will also connect an extension cord to it, and then - necessary appliances. In this case, the backup source will not be connected to the home network.

With frequent power outages in the country or in country house it is recommended to connect the reserve using a toggle switch, a reversing switch or an automatic reserve start (ATS).

Generator selection

A home power plant is an internal combustion engine (ICE) that spins a generator that produces electricity. Typically, four-stroke models are used with a frequency of up to 3 thousand revolutions per minute. Household models are supplied with fuel tanks with a capacity of 10-15 liters.

The main issue when choosing is the purpose of the application. The generator can be the main source of electricity, but it is most often used as a backup when there is a problem. emergency situation on line.

The main parameters are power, motor resource and economy. It is also important that the device is reliable and easy to use.

Connecting a gas generator requires the coordinated work of three elements:

• reserve cable;
• centralized power supply chain;
• home consumption network.

Main tasks

When connecting, determine the following:

• location in terms of economy and safety;
• how often does a power failure occur and whether automation is needed;
• power consumption, taking into account losses and the choice of stock.

It is important to create a suitable connection scheme for your home network. Process automation is expensive and requires skilled maintenance. The most sparing mode for an individual house is manual connection. It also makes sense to use partial automation here, since semi-automatic devices will be inexpensive. Whatever the connection option, supervision of the system operation is required everywhere. Uninterrupted power supply is expensive and is not necessary for a private house. As a last resort, you can install an uninterruptible power supply on a computer or other important consumers.

First of all, you should calculate the required power of an additional source of electricity. To do this, the power of all loads that should be connected is summed up, after which a margin of up to 30% should be added to it. This takes into account the starting currents of home appliances motors, which are several times higher than the permissible ones. After that, the unit is selected to the rated power.

Example: washing machine consumes 2 kW per hour, an electric stove - 3 kW, a refrigerator - 0.5 kW, a TV with a computer - 0.5 kW, lighting - 0.5 kW. In total, 6.5 kW comes out, and taking into account the margin - 8.5 kW. Provides generator operation Negative influence no load. It must be at least 30% of the nominal value.

When deciding how to connect the generator to the network at home, the diagram is very important and must be drawn up correctly. For a minimum number of consumers, compact models with a capacity of 2-3 kW are used as a temporary measure until the main network is restored.

The scheme for connecting a gasoline generator to the network at home can be the simplest. It is important that it is drawn up correctly and ensures that the unit complies with the current load.

Types of generators

As domestic sources of electricity, the most common gasoline generators. Their features are as follows:

• a large selection of prices;
• low power - 0.8-12 kW;
• compact mobile and stationary models;
• there is a generator 3-phase and single-phase;
• predominantly four-stroke internal combustion engines are used.

Choosing the option of how to connect the generator to the network at home, the internal combustion engine cooling scheme depends on whether the unit is used permanently or temporarily. Usually devices are supplied with air radiators. Industrial models are capable of running around the clock on liquid cooling. They are produced mainly three-phase. They are larger in size but more economical.

Connecting a diesel generator to the network in the house is less common due to the high price. But still, its use is advisable because of the large resource.

Model types

Plants generating electricity are divided into types.

1. Asynchronous. The design is simple and reliable. Important components are protected from moisture and dust. It is preferable to use devices for active loads. It is not recommended to use asynchronous generators to power electric motors.
2. Synchronous. Aggregates do not have the disadvantages of asynchronous ones. In addition, they provide a more accurate voltage. You need to choose a brushless design, which has significantly better performance current and less radio interference.
3. Inverter models are more expensive and have less power. The characteristics of single-phase devices are worse, especially for cheap models. A 3-phase generator is somewhat better. Other disadvantages are high cost and less reliability.

Single-phase and three-phase generators

If there are no three-phase consumers, it is advisable to choose a simpler model so that the power is used rationally. Connecting a single-phase generator to a three-phase network at home is not so difficult to do. In addition, a three-phase unit is more expensive and all phases should be evenly loaded. If the difference exceeds 25%, the device may fail.

For the reserve of a private house, a single-phase current source is preferable for any input.

Wiring diagrams

You can choose from several ways to use additional sources nutrition.

1. Connecting the reserve to a dedicated consumer group according to a separate scheme.
2. The use of a toggle switch or a three-position switch, on which jumpers are made at the input from the generator side. In this case, the entire home network will be powered. The disadvantage is that three-phase consumers will not work here.
3. Installation of two contactors, where one connects power from the city network, and the other from a backup source. The method is used in schemes with ATS. It also requires jumpers between inputs on the redundant side.

Connecting a three-phase generator to a three-phase network at home must be done if there are appropriate electrical receivers, for example, electric motors of machine tools.

Generator auto start

The most complete way to switch the load is made using ATS. The system is equipped with an electric starter. The autorun device controls the external network immediately after power is supplied to it. Before connecting the generator to the network of a house with auto start, the automation waits 10 seconds after a power failure. Then the external network is turned off and the start of the diesel generator begins. After a set of revolutions for 20 seconds, the generator is connected to the network of the house.

When the voltage in the external network is restored, the reserve is turned off and the home network switches to normal operation. Then the generator engine is turned off.

Connecting a generator with an ATS to your home is a convenient, albeit expensive, solution.

The use of a toggle switch

If the middle contacts of the switch are connected to the consumer, and the extreme contacts to the power plant cable and to the power supply input, the power supply circuits will never intersect. It will be even better if the knife switch has another intermediate neutral position.

The initial state of the switch is considered when the main network is connected. When it is switched on, power begins to flow from the generator.

The disadvantage of the old-style toggle switch is sparking and openness of current-carrying parts. Modern designs equipped with a protective cover that covers moving parts. The switch is fixed in the control panel. The starting position is the connection to the main network. In the event of a power failure, the shift lever is set to the neutral position, and then the generator is started, warmed up and connected to the loads in the house.

Separate load connection

Generators usually do not provide power to the entire household network. It is enough to connect the main consumers: lighting and some household appliances. It is advisable to rewire the wiring so as not to make many switchings. To do this, it is enough to draw a separate line to the emergency lighting and the outlets of the refrigerator, TV, computer, separate from the home network. A terminal block is installed in the shield, to which the cable from the generator output is connected.

Reversing switch

Switching to a power supply from a gas generator is carried out using a reversing knife switch. The device usually has 3 handle positions, where the extreme ones close the circuits, and the middle one opens.

A single-phase circuit is suitable for connecting a backup generator to the network of a house with a small power consumption, for example, in a country house.

The input terminals are on the top and the output terminals are on the bottom. Indicator lamps are installed on the shield, signaling the inclusion of a network or generator.

Application of the ATS system

An automatic start system is much more expensive than a manual start system. In this case, external control is still necessary, since when starting the internal combustion engine, it is necessary to control the throttle. After starting, the engine should warm up.

Many prefer to use partial automation, with the main power connected through a contactor that opens when the input is turned off. The generator is then started manually. A time relay is built into it to warm up the engine and automatically switch to connecting a reserve to the house.

When the electricity supply is restored, the contactor is disconnected and the load is again supplied to the general electrical network.

The reserve with full automation of power supply contains microprocessor control of the operation of powerful generators.

Features of connecting generators

1. The standby generator should be adequately protected from rain. This can be a canopy on the site or a separate room with exhaust gases.
2. Installation after the meter, so as not to pay for your own electricity generation.
3. It is possible to use the reserve as make-up during peak loads.
4. The choice of an economical scheme so that there are no extra costs.

Conclusion

With an unstable power supply to a private house, a problem arises regarding how to connect the generator to the house network. The scheme should be simple and secure. The most convenient source of backup energy for an individual house or cottage is a generator with an internal combustion engine. The unit is convenient to transport and operate, it is not very expensive. To select the optimal connection scheme, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the features of the device and switching equipment.

When installing a gas generator indoors, the following conditions must be observed:

1. The room must meet the necessary requirements for the operation of a gas generator.
2. Installation of a high-quality gas exhaust system.
3. Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation system.

Required room parameters

The room must be heated, the temperature inside must not be less than +5°C. The room must be equipped with electrical and fire safety measures, and must also be observed sanitary norms. There should be no condensation.

The size of the room itself should allow for oil changes, refueling, repairs and maintenance. At overhaul for installation and dismantling, the doorway must be of sufficient size.

The gas generator can be located on the balcony, on any floor of the building or in the basement, in an extension in the attic or in separate room. Most often, for the convenience of staff and economy, the gas generator is located in the basement. The generator room must be large to allow air exchange, as well as clearance around the engine and generator for maintenance.

exhaust system

An exhaust system is installed to remove exhaust gases from a room. It must be connected to the muffler of the power plant. The system consists of an adapter for a muffler opening of the required length to a thermally insulated corrugated hose that goes outside the room to remove harmful exhaust gases. The pipe should go beyond the side chapels of the building and be located above the visor of the house, to prevent the introduction of gases into the windows.

Supply and exhaust ventilation system

The room for the installation of a gas generator must have a large area and inflow fresh air for engine cooling. Installing a gas generator in a room with insufficient space is possible only when installing forced ventilation power station with inflow and outflow of cold fresh air. Openings must be well protected from snow and rain.

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