Calculation of an electric boiler for home heating calculator online. Calculation of heating by area of the room

20.06.2020

Power calculation heating boiler, in particular gas boiler, it is necessary not only to select boiler and heating equipment, but also to ensure comfortable functioning heating system in general and the elimination of unnecessary operating costs.

From the point of view of physics, only four parameters are involved in the calculation of thermal power: the air temperature outside, the required temperature inside, the total volume of the premises and the degree of thermal insulation of the house, on which heat losses depend. But in fact, everything is not so simple. The outdoor temperature varies with the seasons, the indoor temperature requirements are determined by the mode of living, the total volume of the premises must first be calculated, and the heat loss depends on the materials and construction of the house, as well as the size, number and quality of windows.

Calculator of gas boiler power and gas consumption for the year

The calculator presented here for the power of a gas boiler and gas consumption for a year can greatly facilitate your task of choosing a gas boiler - just select the appropriate field values and you will get the required values.

Please note that the calculator calculates not only the optimal power of a gas boiler for heating a house, but also the average annual gas consumption. That is why the “number of residents” parameter was introduced into the calculator. It is necessary in order to take into account the average gas consumption for cooking and receiving hot water for household needs.

This parameter is relevant only if you also use gas for the stove and water heater. If you use other appliances for this, for example, electrical ones, or even don’t cook at home and do without hot water, put zero in the “number of residents” field.

The following information was used in the calculation:

duration heating season- 5256 h;
duration of temporary residence (summer and weekends 130 days) - 3120 hours;
the average temperature for the heating period is minus 2.2°C;
the air temperature of the coldest five-day period in St. Petersburg is minus 26°C;
soil temperature under the house during the heating period - 5 ° C;
reduced room temperature in the absence of a person - 8.0 ° C;
insulation of the attic floor - a layer of mineral wool with a density of 50 kg / m³ and a thickness of 200 mm.

Creating a heating system in your own home or even in a city apartment is an extremely responsible task. At the same time, it would be completely unreasonable to purchase boiler equipment, as they say, “by eye”, that is, without taking into account all the features of housing. In this, it is quite possible to fall into two extremes: either the power of the boiler will not be enough - the equipment will work “to its fullest”, without pauses, but will not give the expected result, or, conversely, an overly expensive device will be purchased, the capabilities of which will remain completely unclaimed.

But that's not all. It is not enough to purchase the necessary heating boiler correctly - it is very important to optimally select and correctly place heat exchange devices in the premises - radiators, convectors or "warm floors". And again, relying only on your intuition or the "good advice" of your neighbors is not the most reasonable option. In a word, certain calculations are indispensable.

Of course, ideally, such heat engineering calculations should be carried out by appropriate specialists, but this often costs a lot of money. Isn't it interesting to try to do it yourself? This publication will show in detail how heating is calculated by the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, taking into account many important nuances. By analogy, it will be possible to perform, built into this page, will help you perform the necessary calculations. The technique cannot be called completely “sinless”, however, it still allows you to get a result with a completely acceptable degree of accuracy.

The simplest methods of calculation

In order for the heating system to create comfortable living conditions during the cold season, it must cope with two main tasks. These functions are closely related, and their separation is very conditional.

The first is maintaining an optimal level of air temperature in the entire volume of the heated room. Of course, the temperature level may vary slightly with altitude, but this difference should not be significant. Quite comfortable conditions are considered to be an average of +20 ° C - it is this temperature that, as a rule, is taken as the initial temperature in thermal calculations.

In other words, the heating system must be able to heat a certain volume of air.

If we approach with complete accuracy, then for individual rooms in residential buildings the standards for the required microclimate have been established - they are defined by GOST 30494-96. An excerpt from this document is in the table below:

Purpose of the premises	Air temperature, °С		Relative humidity, %		Air speed, m/s
	optimal	admissible	optimal	admissible, max	optimal, max	admissible, max
For the cold season
Living room	20÷22	18÷24 (20÷24)	45÷30	60	0.15	0.2
The same, but for living rooms in regions with minimum temperatures from -31 ° C and below	21÷23	20÷24 (22÷24)	45÷30	60	0.15	0.2
Kitchen	19:21	18:26	N/N	N/N	0.15	0.2
Toilet	19:21	18:26	N/N	N/N	0.15	0.2
Bathroom, combined bathroom	24÷26	18:26	N/N	N/N	0.15	0.2
Premises for rest and study	20÷22	18:24	45÷30	60	0.15	0.2
Inter-apartment corridor	18:20	16:22	45÷30	60	N/N	N/N
lobby, stairwell	16÷18	14:20	N/N	N/N	N/N	N/N
Storerooms	16÷18	12÷22	N/N	N/N	N/N	N/N
For the warm season (The standard is only for residential premises. For the rest - it is not standardized)
Living room	22÷25	20÷28	60÷30	65	0.2	0.3

The second is the compensation of heat losses through the structural elements of the building.

The main "enemy" of the heating system is heat loss through building structures.

Alas, heat loss is the most serious "rival" of any heating system. They can be reduced to a certain minimum, but even with the highest quality thermal insulation, it is not yet possible to completely get rid of them. Thermal energy leaks go in all directions - their approximate distribution is shown in the table:

Building element	Approximate value of heat loss
Foundation, floors on the ground or over unheated basement (basement) premises	from 5 to 10%
"Cold bridges" through poorly insulated joints of building structures	from 5 to 10%
Places of entry of engineering communications (sewerage, water supply, gas pipes, electrical cables, etc.)	up to 5%
External walls, depending on the degree of insulation	from 20 to 30%
Poor quality windows and exterior doors	about 20÷25%, of which about 10% - through non-sealed joints between the boxes and the wall, and due to ventilation
Roof	up to 20%
Ventilation and chimney	up to 25 ÷30%

Naturally, in order to cope with such tasks, the heating system must have a certain thermal power, and this potential must not only correspond to the general needs of the building (apartment), but also be correctly distributed over the premises, in accordance with their area and a number of other important factors.

Usually the calculation is carried out in the direction "from small to large". Simply put, the required amount of thermal energy for each heated room is calculated, the obtained values are summed up, approximately 10% of the reserve is added (so that the equipment does not work at the limit of its capabilities) - and the result will show how much power the heating boiler needs. And the values for each room will become Starting point to calculate the required number of radiators.

The most simplified and most commonly used method in a non-professional environment is to accept a norm of 100 watts of thermal energy for each square meter area:

The most primitive way of counting is the ratio of 100 W / m²

Q = S× 100

Q- the required thermal power for the room;

S– area of the room (m²);

100 — specific power per unit area (W/m²).

For example, room 3.2 × 5.5 m

S= 3.2 × 5.5 = 17.6 m²

Q= 17.6 × 100 = 1760 W ≈ 1.8 kW

The method is obviously very simple, but very imperfect. It should be noted right away that it is conditionally applicable only when standard height ceilings - approximately 2.7 m (permissible - in the range from 2.5 to 3.0 m). From this point of view, the calculation will be more accurate not from the area, but from the volume of the room.

It is clear that in this case the value of specific power is calculated per cubic meter. It is taken equal to 41 W / m³ for reinforced concrete panel house, or 34 W / m³ - in brick or made of other materials.

Q = S × h× 41 (or 34)

h- ceiling height (m);

41 or 34 - specific power per unit volume (W / m³).

For example, the same room panel house, with a ceiling height of 3.2 m:

Q= 17.6 × 3.2 × 41 = 2309 W ≈ 2.3 kW

The result is more accurate, since it already takes into account not only all linear dimensions rooms, but even, to a certain extent, the features of the walls.

But still, it is still far from real accuracy - many nuances are “outside the brackets”. How to perform calculations closer to real conditions - in the next section of the publication.

You may be interested in information about what they are

Carrying out calculations of the required thermal power, taking into account the characteristics of the premises

The calculation algorithms discussed above are useful for the initial “estimate”, but you should still rely on them completely with very great care. Even to a person who does not understand anything in building heat engineering, the indicated average values \u200b\u200bmay seem doubtful - they cannot be equal, say, for the Krasnodar Territory and for the Arkhangelsk Region. In addition, the room - the room is different: one is located on the corner of the house, that is, it has two external walls, and the other is protected from heat loss by other rooms on three sides. In addition, the room may have one or more windows, both small and very large, sometimes even panoramic. And the windows themselves may differ in the material of manufacture and other design features. And this is not a complete list - just such features are visible even to the "naked eye".

In a word, there are a lot of nuances that affect the heat loss of each particular room, and it is better not to be too lazy, but to carry out a more thorough calculation. Believe me, according to the method proposed in the article, this will not be so difficult to do.

General principles and calculation formula

The calculations will be based on the same ratio: 100 W per 1 square meter. But that's just the formula itself "overgrown" with a considerable number of various correction factors.

Q = (S × 100) × a × b × c × d × e × f × g × h × i × j × k × l × m

The Latin letters denoting the coefficients are taken quite arbitrarily, in alphabetical order, and are not related to any standard quantities accepted in physics. The meaning of each coefficient will be discussed separately.

"a" - a coefficient that takes into account the number of external walls in a particular room.

Obviously, the more external walls in the room, the larger the area through which heat loss occurs. In addition, the presence of two or more external walls also means corners - extremely vulnerable places in terms of the formation of "cold bridges". The coefficient "a" will correct for this specific feature of the room.

The coefficient is taken equal to:

- external walls No(indoor): a = 0.8;

- outer wall one: a = 1.0;

- external walls two: a = 1.2;

- external walls three: a = 1.4.

"b" - coefficient taking into account the location of the external walls of the room relative to the cardinal points.

You may be interested in information about what are

Even on the coldest winter days, solar energy still has an effect on the temperature balance in the building. It is quite natural that the side of the house that is facing south receives some heating from the sun's rays, and heat loss through it is lower.

But the walls and windows facing north never “see” the Sun. The eastern part of the house, although it "grabs" the morning sun's rays, still does not receive any effective heating from them.

Based on this, we introduce the coefficient "b":

- the outer walls of the room look at North or East: b = 1.1;

- the outer walls of the room are oriented towards South or West: b = 1.0.

"c" - coefficient taking into account the location of the room relative to the winter "wind rose"

Perhaps this amendment is not so necessary for houses located in areas protected from the winds. But sometimes the prevailing winter winds can make their own “hard adjustments” to the thermal balance of the building. Naturally, the windward side, that is, "substituted" to the wind, will lose much more body, compared to the leeward, opposite side.

Based on the results of long-term meteorological observations in any region, the so-called "wind rose" is compiled - a graphic diagram showing the prevailing wind directions in winter and summer time of the year. This information can be obtained from the local hydrometeorological service. However, many residents themselves, without meteorologists, know perfectly well where the winds mainly blow from in winter, and from which side of the house the deepest snowdrifts usually sweep.

If there is a desire to carry out calculations with higher accuracy, then the correction factor “c” can also be included in the formula, taking it equal to:

- windward side of the house: c = 1.2;

- leeward walls of the house: c = 1.0;

- wall located parallel to the direction of the wind: c = 1.1.

"d" - correction factor that takes into account the features climatic conditions home building region

Naturally, the amount of heat loss through all the building structures of the building will greatly depend on the level of winter temperatures. It is quite clear that during the winter the thermometer indicators “dance” in a certain range, but for each region there is an average indicator of the lowest temperatures characteristic of the coldest five-day period of the year (usually this is characteristic of January). For example, below is a map-scheme of the territory of Russia, on which approximate values are shown in colors.

Usually this value is easy to check with the regional meteorological service, but you can, in principle, rely on your own observations.

So, the coefficient "d", taking into account the peculiarities of the climate of the region, for our calculations in we take equal to:

— from – 35 °С and below: d=1.5;

— from – 30 °С to – 34 °С: d=1.3;

— from – 25 °С to – 29 °С: d=1.2;

— from – 20 °С to – 24 °С: d=1.1;

— from – 15 °С to – 19 °С: d=1.0;

— from – 10 °С to – 14 °С: d=0.9;

- not colder - 10 ° С: d=0.7.

"e" - coefficient taking into account the degree of insulation of external walls.

The total value of the heat loss of the building is directly related to the degree of insulation of all building structures. One of the "leaders" in terms of heat loss are walls. Therefore, the value of the thermal power required to maintain comfortable living conditions in the room depends on the quality of their thermal insulation.

The value of the coefficient for our calculations can be taken as follows:

- external walls are not insulated: e = 1.27;

- medium degree of insulation - walls in two bricks or their surface thermal insulation with other heaters is provided: e = 1.0;

– insulation was carried out qualitatively, on the basis of heat engineering calculations: e = 0.85.

Later in the course of this publication, recommendations will be given on how to determine the degree of insulation of walls and other building structures.

coefficient "f" - correction for ceiling height

Ceilings, especially in private homes, can have different heights. Therefore, the thermal power for heating one or another room of the same area will also differ in this parameter.

It will not be a big mistake to accept the following values of the correction factor "f":

– ceiling height up to 2.7 m: f = 1.0;

— flow height from 2.8 to 3.0 m: f = 1.05;

– ceiling height from 3.1 to 3.5 m: f = 1.1;

– ceiling height from 3.6 to 4.0 m: f = 1.15;

– ceiling height over 4.1 m: f = 1.2.

« g "- coefficient taking into account the type of floor or room located under the ceiling.

As shown above, the floor is one of the significant sources of heat loss. So, it is necessary to make some adjustments in the calculation of this feature of a particular room. The correction factor "g" can be taken equal to:

- cold floor on the ground or over an unheated room (for example, basement or basement): g= 1,4 ;

- insulated floor on the ground or over an unheated room: g= 1,2 ;

- a heated room is located below: g= 1,0 .

« h "- coefficient taking into account the type of room located above.

The air heated by the heating system always rises, and if the ceiling in the room is cold, then increased heat losses are inevitable, which will require an increase in the required heat output. We introduce the coefficient "h", which takes into account this feature of the calculated room:

- a "cold" attic is located on top: h = 1,0 ;

- an insulated attic or other insulated room is located on top: h = 0,9 ;

- any heated room is located above: h = 0,8 .

« i "- coefficient taking into account the design features of windows

Windows are one of the "main routes" of heat leaks. Naturally, much in this matter depends on the quality of the window construction. Old wooden frames, which were previously installed everywhere in all houses, are significantly inferior to modern multi-chamber systems with double-glazed windows in terms of their thermal insulation.

Without words, it is clear that the thermal insulation qualities of these windows are significantly different.

But even between PVC-windows there is no complete uniformity. For example, a two-chamber double-glazed window (with three glasses) will be much warmer than a single-chamber one.

This means that it is necessary to enter a certain coefficient "i", taking into account the type of windows installed in the room:

— standard wooden windows with conventional double glazing: i = 1,27 ;

– modern window systems with single-chamber double-glazed windows: i = 1,0 ;

– modern window systems with two-chamber or three-chamber double-glazed windows, including those with argon filling: i = 0,85 .

« j" - correction factor for the total glazing area of the room

No matter how high-quality the windows are, it will still not be possible to completely avoid heat loss through them. But it is quite clear that there is no way to compare a small window with panoramic windows almost the whole wall.

First you need to find the ratio of the areas of all the windows in the room and the room itself:

x = ∑SOK /SP

∑ SOK- the total area of windows in the room;

SP- area of the room.

Depending on the value obtained and the correction factor "j" is determined:

- x \u003d 0 ÷ 0.1 →j = 0,8 ;

- x \u003d 0.11 ÷ 0.2 →j = 0,9 ;

- x \u003d 0.21 ÷ 0.3 →j = 1,0 ;

- x \u003d 0.31 ÷ 0.4 →j = 1,1 ;

- x \u003d 0.41 ÷ 0.5 →j = 1,2 ;

« k" - coefficient that corrects for the presence of an entrance door

The door to the street or to an unheated balcony is always an additional "loophole" for the cold

The door to the street or to an open balcony is able to make its own adjustments to the heat balance of the room - each opening of it is accompanied by the penetration of a considerable amount of cold air into the room. Therefore, it makes sense to take into account its presence - for this we introduce the coefficient "k", which we take equal to:

- no door k = 1,0 ;

- one door to the street or balcony: k = 1,3 ;

- two doors to the street or to the balcony: k = 1,7 .

« l "- possible amendments to the connection diagram of heating radiators

Perhaps this will seem like an insignificant trifle to some, but still - why not immediately take into account the planned scheme for connecting heating radiators. The fact is that their heat transfer, and hence their participation in maintaining a certain temperature balance in the room, changes quite noticeably when different types tie-in supply and return pipes.

Illustration	Radiator insert type	The value of the coefficient "l"
	Diagonal connection: supply from above, "return" from below	l = 1.0
	Connection on one side: supply from above, "return" from below	l = 1.03
	Two-way connection: both supply and return from the bottom	l = 1.13
	Diagonal connection: supply from below, "return" from above	l = 1.25
	Connection on one side: supply from below, "return" from above	l = 1.28
	One-way connection, both supply and return from below	l = 1.28

« m "- correction factor for the features of the installation site of heating radiators

And finally, the last coefficient, which is also associated with the features of connecting heating radiators. It is probably clear that if the battery is installed openly, is not obstructed by anything from above and from the front part, then it will give maximum heat transfer. However, such an installation is far from always possible - more often, radiators are partially hidden by window sills. Other options are also possible. In addition, some owners, trying to fit heating priors into the created interior ensemble, hide them completely or partially with decorative screens - this also significantly affects the heat output.

If there are certain “baskets” on how and where the radiators will be mounted, this can also be taken into account when making calculations by entering a special coefficient “m”:

Illustration	Features of installing radiators	The value of the coefficient "m"
	The radiator is located on the wall openly or is not covered from above by a window sill	m = 0.9
	The radiator is covered from above by a window sill or a shelf	m = 1.0
	The radiator is blocked from above by a protruding wall niche	m = 1.07
	The radiator is covered from above with a window sill (niche), and from the front - with a decorative screen	m = 1.12
	The radiator is completely enclosed in a decorative casing	m = 1.2

So, there is clarity with the calculation formula. Surely, some of the readers will immediately take up their heads - they say, it's too complicated and cumbersome. However, if the matter is approached systematically, in an orderly manner, then there is no difficulty at all.

Any good homeowner must have a detailed graphical plan of their "possessions" with dimensions, and usually oriented to the cardinal points. It is not difficult to specify the climatic features of the region. It remains only to walk through all the rooms with a tape measure, to clarify some of the nuances for each room. Features of housing - "neighborhood vertically" from above and below, location entrance doors, the proposed or already existing scheme for installing heating radiators - no one except the owners knows better.

It is recommended to immediately draw up a worksheet, where you enter all the necessary data for each room. The result of the calculations will also be entered into it. Well, the calculations themselves will help to carry out the built-in calculator, in which all the coefficients and ratios mentioned above are already “laid”.

If some data could not be obtained, then, of course, they can not be taken into account, but in this case, the “default” calculator will calculate the result, taking into account the least favorable conditions.

It can be seen with an example. We have a house plan (taken completely arbitrary).

The region with the level of minimum temperatures in the range of -20 ÷ 25 °С. Predominance of winter winds = northeasterly. The house is one-story, with an insulated attic. Insulated floors on the ground. The optimal diagonal connection of radiators, which will be installed under the window sills, has been selected.

Let's create a table like this:

The room, its area, ceiling height. Floor insulation and "neighborhood" from above and below	The number of external walls and their main location relative to the cardinal points and the "wind rose". Degree of wall insulation	Number, type and size of windows	Existence of entrance doors (to the street or to the balcony)	Required heat output (including 10% reserve)
Area 78.5 m²				10.87 kW ≈ 11 kW
1. Hallway. 3.18 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Warmed floor on the ground. Above is an insulated attic.	One, South, the average degree of insulation. Leeward side	Not	One	0.52 kW
2. Hall. 6.2 m². Ceiling 2.9 m. Insulated floor on the ground. Above - insulated attic	Not	Not	Not	0.62 kW
3. Kitchen-dining room. 14.9 m². Ceiling 2.9 m. Well insulated floor on the ground. Svehu - insulated attic	Two. South, west. Average degree of insulation. Leeward side	Two, single-chamber double-glazed window, 1200 × 900 mm	Not	2.22 kW
4. Children's room. 18.3 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Well insulated floor on the ground. Above - insulated attic	Two, North - West. High degree of insulation. windward	Two, double glazing, 1400 × 1000 mm	Not	2.6 kW
5. Bedroom. 13.8 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Well insulated floor on the ground. Above - insulated attic	Two, North, East. High degree of insulation. windward side	One, double-glazed window, 1400 × 1000 mm	Not	1.73 kW
6. Living room. 18.0 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Well insulated floor. Top - insulated attic	Two, East, South. High degree of insulation. Parallel to wind direction	Four, double glazing, 1500 × 1200 mm	Not	2.59 kW
7. Bathroom combined. 4.12 m². Ceiling 2.8 m. Well insulated floor. Above is an insulated attic.	One, North. High degree of insulation. windward side	One. wooden frame with double glazing. 400 × 500 mm	Not	0.59 kW
TOTAL:

Then, using the calculator below, we make a calculation for each room (already taking into account a 10% reserve). With the recommended app, it won't take long. After that, it remains to sum the obtained values \u200b\u200bfor each room - this will be the required total power of the heating system.

The result for each room, by the way, will help you choose the right number of heating radiators - it remains only to divide by specific thermal power one section and round up.

In the process of building any house, sooner or later the question arises - how to calculate the heating system correctly? This actual problem will never exhaust its resource, because if you buy a boiler of less power than necessary, you will have to spend a lot of effort to create secondary heating with oil and infrared radiators, heat guns, and electric fireplaces.

In addition, monthly maintenance, due to expensive electricity, will cost you a pretty penny. The same thing will happen if you buy a high-power boiler that will work at half strength, and consume no less fuel.

Our calculator for calculating the heating of a private house will help you prevent common mistakes novice builders. You will receive as close to reality the value of heat losses and the required heat output of the boiler according to the current data of SNiPs and SPs (sets of rules).

The main advantage of the calculator on the site is the reliability of the calculated data and the absence of manual calculations, the whole process is automated, the initial parameters are maximally generalized, you can easily see their values \u200b\u200bin your home plan or fill in based on your own experience.

Calculation of a boiler for heating a private house

With the help of our calculator for calculating heating for a private house, you can easily find out the required boiler power to heat your cozy "nest".

As you remember, in order to calculate the heat loss rate, you need to know several values \u200b\u200bof the main components of the house, which together account for more than 90% of the total losses. For your convenience, we have added to the calculator only those fields that you can fill out. without special knowledge:

glazing;
thermal insulation;
the ratio of the area of windows and floor;
outside temperature;
the number of walls facing the outside;
which room is above the calculated one;
room height;
room area.

After you get the value of the heat loss of the house, a correction factor of 1.2 is taken to calculate the required boiler power.

How to work on the calculator

Remember that the thicker the glazing and the better the thermal insulation, the less heating power will be required.

To get results, you need to answer the following questions:

Choose one of the proposed types of glazing (triple or double glazing, conventional double glazing).
How are your walls insulated? Solid thick insulation from a couple of layers of mineral wool, polystyrene foam, EPPS for the north and Siberia. Maybe you live in Central Russia and one layer of insulation is enough for you. Or are you one of those who builds a house in the southern regions and a double hollow brick is suitable for him.
What is your window-to-floor area ratio, in %. If you do not know this value, then it is calculated very simply: divide the floor area by the window area and multiply by 100%.
Enter the minimum temperature in winter period for a couple of seasons and round up. Do not use the average temperature for winters, otherwise you risk getting a smaller boiler and the house will not be heated enough.
Do we calculate for the whole house or just for one wall?
What is above our room. If you have a one-story house, select the type of attic (cold or warm), if the second floor, then a heated room.
The height of the ceilings and the area of the room are necessary to calculate the volume of the apartment, which in turn is the basis for all calculations.

Calculation example:

one-story house in the Kaliningrad region;
wall length 15 and 10 m, insulated with one layer of mineral wool;
ceiling height 3 m;
6 windows of 5 m2 from a double-glazed window;
the minimum temperature for the last 10 years is 26 degrees;
we calculate for all 4 walls;
from above a warm heated attic;

The area of our house is 150 m2, and the area of windows is 30 m2. 30/150*100=20% window to floor ratio.

We know everything else, we select the appropriate fields in the calculator and we get that our house will lose 26.79 kW of heat.

26.79 * 1.2 \u003d 32.15 kW - the required heating capacity of the boiler.

DIY heating system

It is impossible to calculate the heating circuit of a private house without assessing the heat loss of the surrounding structures.

In Russia, as a rule, long cold winters, buildings lose heat due to temperature differences inside and outside the premises. The larger the area of the house, enclosing and through structures (roof, windows, doors), the greater value heat loss comes out. The material and thickness of the walls, the presence or absence of thermal insulation have a significant impact.

For example, walls made of wood and aerated concrete have a much lower thermal conductivity than brick. Materials with maximum thermal resistance are used as insulation ( mineral wool, expanded polystyrene).

Before creating a heating system at home, you need to carefully consider all the organizational and technical aspects, so that immediately after the construction of the “box”, you can proceed to the final phase of construction, and not postpone the long-awaited settlement for many months.

Heating in a private house is based on the "three elephants":

heating element (boiler);
pipe system;
radiators.

Which boiler is better to choose for a house?

Heating boilers are the main component of the entire system. It is they who will provide heat to your home, so their choice should be treated with particular care. According to the type of food they are divided into:

electrical;
solid fuel;
liquid fuel;
gas.

Each of them has a number of significant advantages and disadvantages.

Electric boilersdid not gain great popularity, primarily because of the rather high cost and high cost of maintenance. Electricity tariffs leave much to be desired, there is a possibility of a power line break, as a result of which your home may be left without heating.
Solid fuelboilersoften used in remote villages and towns where there are no centralized communication networks. They heat water with firewood, briquettes and coal. An important disadvantage is the need for constant monitoring of fuel, if the fuel burns out and you do not have time to replenish supplies, the house will stop heating. IN modern models this problem is solved, due to the automatic feeder, but the price of such devices is incredibly high.
Oil boilers, in the vast majority of cases, run on diesel fuel. They have excellent performance due to the high efficiency of the fuel, but the high cost of raw materials and the need for diesel tanks limit many buyers.
The best solution for country house are gas boilers . Because of small size, low gas prices and high heat output, they have won the trust of most of the population.

How to choose pipes for heating?

Heating mains supply all heating devices in the house. Depending on the material of manufacture, they are divided into:

metal;
metal-plastic;
plastic.

Metal pipes the most difficult to install (due to the need for welding seams), are susceptible to corrosion, are heavy and expensive. The advantages are high strength, resistance to temperature extremes and the ability to withstand high pressures. They are used in apartment buildings, in private construction it is not advisable to use them.

Polymer pipes from metal-plastic and polypropylene are very similar in their parameters. The lightness of the material, plasticity, no corrosion, noise suppression and, of course, low price. The only difference between the former is the presence of an aluminum layer between two layers of plastic, due to which the thermal conductivity increases. Therefore, metal-plastic pipes are used for heating, and plastic pipes for water supply.

Choosing radiators for the home

The last element of a classic heating system is radiators. They are also divided according to the material into the following groups:

cast iron;
steel;
aluminum.

Cast iron batteries are familiar to everyone since childhood, because they were installed in almost all apartment buildings. They possess high rates heat capacity (cool down for a long time), resistant to temperature and pressure drops in the system. The downside is the high price, fragility and complexity of installation.

They were replaced steel radiators. A wide variety of shapes and sizes, low cost and ease of installation have influenced the ubiquitous distribution. However, they also have their drawbacks. Due to the low heat capacity, the batteries cool down quickly, and the thin case does not allow them to be used in networks with high pressure.

Recently, heaters from aluminum. Their main advantage is high heat transfer, this allows you to warm up the room to an acceptable temperature in 10-15 minutes. However, they are demanding on the coolant, if alkalis or acids are contained in large quantities inside the system, then the life of the radiator is significantly reduced.

Use the proposed tools for calculating the heating of a private house and design a heating system that will heat your home efficiently, reliably and for a long time, even in the harshest winters.

Autonomous heating for a private house is affordable, comfortable and varied. You can install a gas boiler and not depend on the vagaries of nature or failures in the central heating system. The main thing is to choose the right equipment and calculate the heat output of the boiler. If the power exceeds the heat needs of the room, then the money for installing the unit will be thrown to the wind. In order for the heat supply system to be comfortable and financially profitable, at the design stage it is necessary to calculate the power of the gas heating boiler.

The main values \u200b\u200bof calculating the heating power

The easiest way to get data on the heat output of the boiler by area of the house: taken 1 kW of power for every 10 sq. m. However, this formula has serious errors, because it does not take into account modern building technologies, the type of terrain, climatic temperature changes, the level of thermal insulation, the use of double-glazed windows, and the like.

To make a more accurate calculation of the heating power of the boiler, you need to take into account whole line important factors affecting the final result:

dimensions of the dwelling;
the degree of insulation of the house;
the presence of double-glazed windows;
thermal insulation of walls;
building type;
air temperature outside the window during the coldest time of the year;
type of wiring of the heating circuit;
the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bbearing structures and openings;
building heat loss.

In houses with forced ventilation the calculation of the boiler heat output must take into account the amount of energy needed to heat the air. Experts advise making a gap of 20% when using the result of the thermal power of the boiler in case of unforeseen situations, severe cooling or a decrease in gas pressure in the system.

With an unreasonable increase in thermal power, it is possible to reduce the efficiency of the heating unit, increase the cost of purchasing system elements, and lead to rapid wear of components. That is why it is so important to correctly calculate the power of the heating boiler and apply it to the specified dwelling. You can get data using a simple formula W \u003d S * W beats, where S is the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, W is the factory power of the boiler, W beats is the specific power for calculations in a certain climate zone, it can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the user's region. The result must be rounded up to a large value in terms of heat leakage in the house.

For those who do not want to waste time on mathematical calculations, you can use the gas boiler power calculator online. Just keep the individual data on the features of the room and get a ready answer.

The formula for obtaining the power of the heating system

The online heating boiler power calculator makes it possible in a matter of seconds to obtain the necessary result, taking into account all of the above characteristics that affect the final result of the data obtained. In order to use such a program correctly, it is necessary to enter the prepared data into the table: the type of window glazing, the level of thermal insulation of the walls, the ratio of floor and window opening areas, the average temperature outside the house, the number of side walls, the type and area of the room. And then press the "Calculate" button and get the result of the heat loss and heat output of the boiler.

Cosiness and comfort of housing do not begin with the choice of furniture, decoration and appearance generally. They start with the heat that heating provides. And just buying an expensive heating boiler () and high-quality radiators for this is not enough - you first need to design a system that will maintain the optimum temperature in the house. But to get a good result, you need to understand what and how to do, what are the nuances and how they affect the process. In this article, you will get acquainted with the basic knowledge about this case - what are heating systems, how it is carried out and what factors influence it.

Why is thermal calculation necessary?

Some owners of private houses or those who are just going to build them are interested in whether there is any point in the thermal calculation of the heating system? After all, it is a matter of simple country cottage and not about apartment building or industrial plant. It would seem that it would be enough just to buy a boiler, install radiators and run pipes to them. On the one hand, they are partially right - for private households, the calculation of the heating system is not such a critical issue as for industrial premises or multi-unit residential complexes. On the other hand, there are three reasons why such an event is worth holding. , you can read in our article.

Thermal calculation greatly simplifies the bureaucratic processes associated with the gasification of a private house.
Determining the power required for home heating allows you to select a heating boiler with optimal performance. You will not overpay for excessive product features and will not experience inconvenience due to the fact that the boiler is not powerful enough for your home.
Thermal calculation allows you to more accurately select pipes, valves and other equipment for the heating system of a private house. And in the end, all these rather expensive products will work for as long as is laid down in their design and characteristics.

Initial data for the thermal calculation of the heating system

Before you start calculating and working with data, you need to get them. Here for those owners country houses who have not previously been involved project activities, the first problem arises - what characteristics should you pay attention to. For your convenience, they are summarized in a small list below.

Building area, height to ceilings and internal volume.
The type of building, the presence of adjacent buildings.
The materials used in the construction of the building - what and how the floor, walls and roof are made of.
The number of windows and doors, how they are equipped, how well they are insulated.
For what purposes will certain parts of the building be used - where the kitchen, bathroom, living room, bedrooms will be located, and where - non-residential and technical premises.
The duration of the heating season, the average minimum temperature during this period.
"Wind rose", the presence of other buildings nearby.
The area where a house has already been built or is just about to be built.
Preferred room temperature for residents.
Location of points for connection to water, gas and electricity.

Calculation of the heating system power by housing area

One of the fastest and easiest to understand ways to determine the power of a heating system is to calculate by the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. A similar method is widely used by sellers of heating boilers and radiators. The calculation of the power of the heating system by area takes place in a few simple steps.

Step 1. According to the plan or already erected building, the internal area of \u200b\u200bthe building in square meters is determined.

Step 2 The resulting figure is multiplied by 100-150 - that is how many watts of the total power of the heating system are needed for each m 2 of housing.

Step 3 Then the result is multiplied by 1.2 or 1.25 - this is necessary to create a power reserve so that the heating system is able to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house even in the most severe frosts.

Step 4 The final figure is calculated and recorded - the power of the heating system in watts, necessary to heat a particular housing. As an example, to maintain comfortable temperature in a private house with an area of 120 m 2, approximately 15,000 watts will be required.

Advice! In some cases, cottage owners divide the internal area of \u200b\u200bhousing into that part that requires serious heating, and that for which this is unnecessary. Accordingly, they apply different odds- for example, for living rooms it is 100, and for technical rooms - 50-75.

Step 5 According to the already determined calculated data, a specific model of the heating boiler and radiators is selected.

It should be understood that the only advantage of this method thermal calculation heating system is speed and simplicity. However, the method has many disadvantages.

The lack of consideration of the climate in the area where housing is being built - for Krasnodar, a heating system with a power of 100 W per square meter will be clearly redundant. And for the Far North, it may not be enough.
The lack of consideration of the height of the premises, the type of walls and floors from which they are built - all these characteristics seriously affect the level of possible heat losses and, consequently, the required power of the heating system for the house.
The very method of calculating the heating system in terms of power was originally developed for large industrial premises and apartment buildings. Therefore, for a separate cottage it is not correct.
Lack of accounting for the number of windows and doors facing the street, and yet each of these objects is a kind of "cold bridge".

So does it make sense to apply the calculation of the heating system by area? Yes, but only as a preliminary estimate, allowing you to get at least some idea of the issue. To achieve better and more accurate results, you should turn to more complex techniques.

Imagine next way calculating the power of the heating system - it is also quite simple and understandable, but at the same time it has a higher accuracy of the final result. In this case, the basis for the calculations is not the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, but its volume. In addition, the calculation takes into account the number of windows and doors in the building, the average level of frost outside. Let's imagine a small example of the application of this method - there is a house with a total area of 80 m 2, the rooms in which have a height of 3 m. The building is located in the Moscow region. In total there are 6 windows and 2 doors facing the outside. The calculation of the power of the thermal system will look like this. "How to do , you can read in our article".

Step 1. The volume of the building is determined. This can be the sum of each individual room or the total figure. In this case, the volume is calculated as follows - 80 * 3 \u003d 240 m 3.

Step 2 The number of windows and the number of doors facing the street are counted. Let's take the data from the example - 6 and 2, respectively.

Step 3 A coefficient is determined depending on the area in which the house stands and how severe frosts are there.

Table. Values of regional coefficients for calculating the heating power by volume.

Since in the example we are talking about a house built in the Moscow region, the regional coefficient will have a value of 1.2.

Step 4 For detached private cottages, the value of the volume of the building determined in the first operation is multiplied by 60. We make the calculation - 240 * 60 = 14,400.

Step 5 Then the result of the calculation of the previous step is multiplied by the regional coefficient: 14,400 * 1.2 = 17,280.

Step 6 The number of windows in the house is multiplied by 100, the number of doors facing the outside by 200. The results are summed up. The calculations in the example look like this - 6*100 + 2*200 = 1000.

Step 7 The numbers obtained as a result of the fifth and sixth steps are summed up: 17,280 + 1000 = 18,280 W. This is the capacity of the heating system required to maintain the optimum temperature in the building under the conditions indicated above.

It should be understood that the calculation of the heating system by volume is also not absolutely accurate - the calculations do not pay attention to the material of the walls and floor of the building and their thermal insulation properties. Also, no correction is made for natural ventilation characteristic of any home.