Sanpin for office workers. Sanitary requirements for the organization of the workplace

10.10.2019

Requirements for the workplace

Consider what are the requirements for a modern workplace.

The main concepts that characterize workplace and are used in labor legislation are given in Article 209 of the Labor Code.

Thus, the workplace is a place equipped with the necessary means to complete the production task, in which the employee must be to perform his official duties. It is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer.

Under the organization of the workplace, it is customary to understand its equipment and layout. Full and complete equipment of the workplace, as well as its rational layout, allow the best way organize the work process and improve its efficiency.

Working conditions - ϶ᴛᴏ set of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of the employee. Article 46 of the Labor Code contains recommendations to reflect them in the labor agreement.

The basis of the system legal regulation conditions and labor protection constitute the Constitution, the Labor Code, the Law of July 17, 1999 ᴦ. No. 181-FZ ʼʼOn the basics of labor protection in Russian Federationʼʼ, regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, various standard rules on labor protection, which are issued by federal executive authorities.

Labor law imposes on the employer the obligation to ensure safe conditions labor, labor protection in their organization. These requirements are binding on all legal and individuals when they carry out any type of activity (Article 211 of the Labor Code). Article 212 of the Labor Code, as well as Article 14 of Law No. 181-FZ, provides an exhaustive list of the obligations that an employer must fulfill. These include:

– providing employees with special clothing, footwear and other means at the expense of the employer personal protection(in hazardous production);

– creation of working conditions corresponding to the requirements of labor protection at each workplace;

- Carrying out certification of workplaces.

Assessment of workplaces

The employer is obliged to ensure that workplaces comply with labor protection requirements. Location and organization of workplaces, equipment and tools for work, air environment and other conditions must be safe and not endanger the life of the worker.

In order to implement the norms labor law aimed at creating healthy and safe working conditions, a system of certification of work on labor protection was created. It was approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of April 24, 2002 ᴦ. No. 28. key element certification are works on attestation of workplaces, i.e. assessment of working conditions at workplaces in order to identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and implementation of measures to bring working conditions in line with state regulatory requirements. Certification is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of labor.

In the course of certification, they check to what extent the activities of the employer to ensure labor protection in organizations comply with state regulatory requirements in certain sectors of the economy (clause 6 of Appendix 2 to the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of April 24, 2002 ᴦ. No. 28).

The normative basis for the certification of workplaces are the standards of the labor safety system (GOSTs), sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards and other documents. In particular, certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions is included in General requirements to the labor protection management system, defined by GOST R 12.0.006-2002.

Based on the results of certification of the organization, a so-called security certificate is issued. It certifies the compliance of the work carried out by the employer on labor protection with state regulatory requirements.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements

The Labor Code imposes on the employer the provision of sanitary and preventive services for employees in accordance with the requirements of labor protection. For these purposes, according to the established norms, sanitary facilities for eating, providing medical care, rooms for rest during working hours and psychological unloading should be equipped. Sanitary posts are created with first-aid kits equipped with a set of medicines and drugs for first aid; devices (devices) are installed to provide workers in hot shops and areas with carbonated salt water, etc. (Article 223).

To provide normal conditions human activities, microclimate parameters are normalized. The norms of the industrial microclimate are established by GOST 12.1.005-88 SSPT. ʼʼGeneral sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working areaʼʼ. Οʜᴎ are the same for all industries and all climatic zones. Microclimate parameters in working area must comply with optimal or permissible microclimatic conditions.

The level of temperature, humidity and air speed is regulated taking into account the severity of physical labor: ʼʼeasyʼʼ, ʼʼmediumʼʼ and ʼʼhardʼʼ work. At the same time, the season of the year is taken into account: the cold period of the year (the average daily temperature of the outside air is below + 10 ° C) and the warm period (temperature + 10 ° C and above).

No less attention should be paid to the ventilation system. First of all, it is extremely important to ensure the equality of the volume of supply and exhaust air; air flows should not raise dust and cause hypothermia of workers. Secondly, you need to minimize the noise coming from the fans.

Lighting, according to ʼʼ building codes and the rules of ʼʼ SNiP 23-05-95, should ensure uniform brightness in the field of view, the absence of sharp shadows and glare, constancy in time and the correct direction of the light flux. Please note that it is necessary to control the illumination in workplaces and industrial premises at least once a year.

By the way, the organization can take into account the costs of ensuring normal working conditions provided for by law when calculating income tax as part of other expenses associated with production and sales (subclause 7, clause 1, article 264 of the Tax Code). After all, the decision of the chief state sanitary doctor of April 22, 2003 ᴦ. No. 64, which provides for sanitary rules and regulations - SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03, approved on the basis of the Law of March 30, 1999 ᴦ. No. 52-FZ ʼʼOn the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the populationʼʼ.

Liability for violation

Heads and other officials of organizations guilty of violating the rules and norms of labor protection are held administratively liable in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses (CAO):

- in the form of a fine in the amount of 500 to 5000 rubles (Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses);

- in the form of disqualification for a period of one to three years for a repeated violation;

- for violation of fire safety requirements established by standards, norms and rules (Article 20.4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses), ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ is fraught with a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (for officials - from 1000 to 2000 rubles, for legal entities- from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles;

- for violation of the legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses), expressed in non-compliance with the current sanitary rules and hygiene standards, failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (on officials - from 500 to 1000 rubles, for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles).

Psychological aspect

The economic benefit from compliance with legal requirements for the organization of the workplace lies not only in the absence of fines and the ability to accept these costs as a reduction in taxable profits. A well-thought-out layout of workplaces can significantly increase labor productivity and, as a result, increase the company's profit.

It is extremely important for management to correctly place not only their own desktop, but also the workplaces of subordinates, since the progress of work in the team depends on this. Obviously, in order to take into account many options and undesirable aspects of the behavior of employees during work, you need to think through and foresee many nuances and subtleties. At the same time, there are general points that it would be nice to observe for everyone in order to feel confident and free at work:

- you can not sit with your back to the door;

- do not arrange tables so that two employees sit face to face;

- it is undesirable to sit with your back to the window;

It is very important to keep order in the workplace.

At the same time, color also affects a person’s performance, fatigue, orientation, and reaction. Cool colors (blue, green, yellow) have a calming effect; warm colors(red, orange) - exciting. dark colors have a depressing effect on the psyche.

To improve work efficiency, the Japanese have developed a way to organize the workspace, known as the ʼʼmethod 5Sʼʼ. Its goal is to create optimal conditions for performing operations, maintaining order, cleanliness, accuracy, saving time and energy. arose this method in Japan in the middle of the twentieth century and consists of five steps, named after the first letters of five Japanese words, which in translation mean: ʼʼsortingʼʼ, ʼʼself-organizationʼʼ (ordering), ʼʼsystematic cleaningʼʼ, ʼʼstandardizationʼʼ, ʼʼimprovementʼʼ (improvement).

As the experience of corporations that have adopted the practice of the Japanese shows, after eliminating all inconsistencies, optimal working conditions are created, productivity increases, injuries and the number of occupational diseases decrease, corporate culture rises, the quality of basic and auxiliary operations improves, and the negative impact on environment. Russian corporations are also adopting the 5S method. Thus, PJSC (until 2015 OJSC) ʼʼRZDʼʼ began to apply this method as part of the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) for international standard ISO-9000.

Industrial aesthetics defines the requirements for introducing an artistic principle into the environment in which the production is carried out. labor activity of people. She is meant to evoke positive emotions and improve human performance. Industrial aesthetics involves the appropriate external and internal design of buildings. Operating enterprises, during the construction of which aesthetic requirements were not observed at one time, should be subjected to reconstruction and modernization, taking into account modern requirements of industrial aesthetics. The external design of buildings and structures provides for the rational architecture of their facades, roofs, gutters and cornices, walls and foundations, as well as entrances and entrances. The internal and external territory of the enterprise must also comply with the requirements of aesthetics: the arrangement of convenient approaches and entrances to the enterprise, walkways, paved paths safe for pedestrians throughout the territory, landscaping of the territory, including the arrangement of lawns, flower beds; construction of fountains, pools, sculptural decorations, etc.

Interior industrial premises or their internal design covers all those premises where workers spend time at work or relaxing: workshops, laboratories, departments, auxiliary services for industrial and domestic purposes, warehouses, rest rooms. When organizing the interior, first of all, it is extremely important to proceed from labor safety, the convenience of the working posture (including the features of visual perception). It is necessary to take into account the psychological needs of a person during work. So, it is psychologically extremely important that a person in the workplace can see the external environment, nature. In this regard, wherever it is permissible, instead of blank walls in buildings, it is advisable to arrange transparent stained-glass windows through which a view of greenery, trees, etc. would open.

Summary

Office space largely determines the perception of the company's philosophy. It is also very important that people who spend half their lives in the office identify with the company, its direction, its goals, and feel at home in the workplace. Only then will they be able to work with full dedication and as efficiently as possible. And the enterprise, taking care of the working conditions of its employees, will be able not only to protect itself from possible fines, but also to increase its income.

Requirements for the workplace - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Requirements for the workplace" 2017, 2018.

The workplace is an organizationally indivisible element in specific conditions production process. It is serviced by one or several people, designed to carry out various operations, equipped with appropriate devices and equipment, depending on the specifics of the activity. In the Russian Federation, there are certain regulatory requirements for the organization of jobs. Let's consider them in more detail.

Legal aspect

The requirements for the organization of the workplace are established in:

TK RF.
Legislative acts of subjects.
International and state standards.
Labor contract.
collective agreement.

These acts contain rules, procedures, establish criteria that ensure the preservation of the health and life of people in the course of their professional activities. Compliance with the requirements of the organization of workplaces is the responsibility of each employer.

Classification

Jobs are differentiated depending on the degree of automation. In accordance with this criterion, jobs are allocated:

Organization of the workplace: labor safety requirements

Areas for the implementation of professional activities are located outside the zone of movement of mechanisms, containers, goods, movement of goods. At the same time, convenient monitoring of ongoing processes and management of operations should be provided. The main requirements for the organization of workplaces include an order to create free space between the areas where employees carry out activities. It is necessary for the free movement of people during the operation of the equipment. Labor protection requirements for the organization of workplaces include the obligation to place them in the course of the technological process. At the same time, counter flows should be excluded when moving containers, products, waste. The path of movement of products should be as short as possible, and the transitions of employees are minimized. The general requirements for the organization of the workplace of a locksmith and other specialists employed at the machine, thus, provide for the establishment of such a state of the sites, as well as the distance between them, so that free movement of people and vehicles is ensured, normal Maintenance, repair and cleaning equipment.

The position of employees in the course of operations

The requirements for the organization of the workplace provide for the need to provide sufficient space for the rational placement of additional inventory, containers, equipment. The site of professional activity should be convenient for a person. We are also talking about the postures of the employee in which operations are performed. They should not create difficulties for a person. The requirements for the organization of the workplace include a provision on the possibility of performing operations in a sitting position or when alternating standing and sitting positions. This is provided if the activity does not require constant movement. When performing operations in a sitting position, people should be provided with comfortable chairs.

The requirements for the organization of the workplace, where the employee performs activities while standing, include certain parameters of the site. In particular, the width must be at least 600 mm, length - 1600 mm. The space for the feet has the following parameters: 530 mm wide, 150 mm each - in height and depth. The table installed on the workplace should be at a height of 955 mm from the floor. Required Tools, inventory, dishes are placed in drawers, wall cabinets, racks within reach. The key requirement for the safety of the organization of workplaces is to prevent blocking of aisles and areas for the direct performance of production operations with containers and products. Their mutual location and layout should provide free access and quick evacuation in case of an emergency.

Sellers activity

The following requirements for the organization of the workplace of an employee of a trading enterprise are provided for:

The placement of inventory and goods should provide convenience when performing actions. It is necessary to exclude unnecessary transitions, movements of the torso and arms. Inventory and products must be in permanent places assigned to them.
At the trading area, comfortable chairs or folding seats are installed for relaxation during the absence of buyers. It is not allowed to use boxes and other items for this purpose. There should be a wooden floor between the wall equipment and the counter. This is necessary to prevent hypothermia of the legs.

Sanitary requirements have been established for trading areas. When selling food products, there must be containers with special markings (jars with lids, buckets, etc.). As they are filled, but not more than 2/3, it must be cleaned. Upon completion of work, all tanks and buckets, regardless of their fullness, must be washed with a 1-2% soda solution or other detergents.

Packing, packaging, packing of products

Special chests and tables should be used at workplaces. Equipment dimensions must take into account anthropometric parameters. The working surface is located at the height established in GOSTs 12.2.032 and 12.2.033. The premises where the packaging of flour and flour products is carried out are equipped with a local exhaust. Packing of products with a large weight is carried out on tables of increased strength. These surfaces should be provided with containers for materials: paper, boxes, bags, and so on. Postures recommended for stackers-packers performing various operations:

The workplaces of employees who perform operations mainly in a sitting position with limited mobility should be equipped with adjustable inclination angle, height, distance from the table, footrests and comfortable seats.

Space for the controller-cashier

A chair with a lift-and-swivel mechanism is installed at the employee's workplace. The seat surface should be slightly curved and adjustable in height within 0.4-0.45 m, have a width of 0.42 m and a depth of 0.41 m. The coatings are made of a material that provides low thermal conductivity and the ability to carry out wet cleaning. For convenience when working in a sitting position, the place is equipped with a footrest. It must have a regulating mechanism for the angle of inclination and the height of the support platform. One of the main requirements for ensuring optimal working conditions for cashiers is high level illumination. At the same time, sources of direct and reflected brilliance are excluded from the field of view of workers. Lamps are located directly above the place of work of the employee.

Protection of controllers-cashiers from criminal encroachments

It is provided by the equipment of the premises with emergency lighting and the installation of a "panic button". In the process of transferring funds to a banking organization or during their transportation from it, the employer is obliged to provide the employee with security, and, if necessary, a car. The cashier and persons accompanying him, as well as the driver of the transport, are prohibited from:

Disclose the route of movement and the amount of funds transported.
Allow unauthorized persons to enter the vehicle.
transport cash by public or passing transport, as well as carry them on foot.
Fulfill other orders, be distracted from the delivery of cash to the destination.

Operations for wet-heat treatment of products

Workplaces of ironers are located in premises intended for receiving, maintaining and preparing goods for sale. Special surfaces are equipped with a curly removable wooden board. On both sides it is covered with cloth. On the right, at a slight inclination to the surface, a metal iron stand is installed on the table. On three sides, it should be provided with sides, the height of which is 30-40 mm. They are necessary to prevent the iron from falling. In the right corner in the upper part of the surface, a rack with a height of 800 mm is mounted. It is used to hang the cord of the iron. The ironing table must also have a device for attaching a fan, a trough to prevent products from hanging on the floor during processing. In addition, a retractable arm for hanging the iron, a hinged fan, on/off buttons, a frame for a piece of cloth is installed on the surface, with the help of which the cleanliness of the sole of the iron is checked. The design of the desktop provides for drawers for storing accessories, tools, a cabinet for storing personal items, a shelf for special pads, brushes, etc. There must be a dielectric mat on the floor. The workplace is also equipped with a chair with a lifting and turning mechanism, a semi-soft seat for a short rest.

Storeroom

The area of the workplace must be at least 6 square meters. m. To ensure normal conditions for the implementation of the professional activities of the storekeeper, insulated cabins are installed. The workplace can be fenced off with a glass partition, the height of which is 1.8 m. The workplace is equipped with a table and a swivel chair. The storekeeper must have at his disposal the tools necessary to open the container (pliers, scissors, pliers, knives, etc.). Lamps are installed above the employee's desk, where he completes the paperwork, and next to the file cabinets.

Space for picker

The workplace is equipped with appropriate inventory, mechanisms and materials depending on the categories of goods. When picking large-sized products (refrigerators, furniture, etc.), the workplace occupies the entire warehouse area. In this case, operations are carried out using autocars or cargo carts equipped with lifting devices. The activities of the picker associated with weighing are carried out using scales with a load capacity of 5-2000 kg. Studio should be installed at the workplace. The height of its seat is 400-450 mm, the depth is 410-500 mm. In addition, the workplace is equipped with local lighting.

Premises for an employee serving a freight elevator

The workplace is located on the site on the main loading floor. If the duties of the elevator operator include escorting the load, then the area of \u200b\u200bhis activity extends to the cabin where objects are transported. At the workplace, a bedside table is installed for storing documentation and a first-aid kit, a telephone or other means of communication, a stool, an internal or external push-button system for controlling sound and light alarms. In the machine room of the elevator, there must be a dielectric mat and gloves, as well as a protective helmet. The key to this room is given to the elevator operator.

Janitor's area

The workplace of this employee is located directly near the area that he serves. When planning the premises, it is necessary to provide passages for cleaning machines and passages for employees. The workplace is equipped with a cabinet with compartments that house detergents, overalls, inventory.

Equipping spaces for VDT and PC users

For employees whose work is related to the use of personal electronic computers and video display terminals, desktops are equipped, the height of which is adjustable within 680-800 mm. If there is no appropriate mechanism, the surface is placed at a distance of 725 mm from the floor. The height of the legroom is not less than 600 mm, the width is not less than 500, and the depth at the level of the knees is 450 mm and the extended legs are 650 mm. This is where the stand should be installed. Its width is not less than 300, and its depth is 400 mm. The stand should be adjustable in tilt angle up to 20 degrees. and height - up to 150 mm. Along the front edge, a side is provided, the height of which is 10 mm. The stand must have a corrugated surface. In the working cross (chair) of the user of the PC and VDT, a lifting and turning mechanism is provided, the back and seat are adjustable in tilt angle and height. Changing parameters should be easy. All mechanisms are performed independently and securely fix the selected position of the elements. The surface of the backrest, seat and other parts with which the employee is in direct contact should have a semi-soft, non-electrifying, non-slip, breathable coating that can be easily cleaned from dirt. The monitor should be located at a distance of 600-700 mm from the employee's eyes, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and signs.

Additionally

To prevent drafts in rooms located near doors, technological openings, gates, screens or partitions are installed. Preparation of the workplace is carried out at the end of the shift. The employee cleans mechanisms, tools, auxiliary inventory, equipment. If necessary, wet cleaning is carried out.

Conclusion

Until 2013, in accordance with the requirements of the legislation, regular certification of workplaces was carried out. It included an assessment, verification of compliance with the requirements, the quality of equipping the areas for the implementation of the professional activities of employees. Particular attention was paid to enterprises engaged in the field of catering and food trade. Special commissions were created, which first of all checked whether the sanitary requirements for the premises were met. A new procedure has now been introduced. Certification of workplaces has been replaced by an assessment of the conditions for the implementation of professional activities by employees. This procedure has been introduced since 2014. Corresponding amendments were made to the Labor Code.

Consider what are the requirements for a modern workplace.

The basic concepts that characterize the workplace and are used in labor legislation are given in article 209 of the Labor Code.

So, the workplace is a place equipped with the necessary means to complete the production task, in which the employee must be in order to perform his official duties. It is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer.

The organization of the workplace refers to its equipment and layout. Full and complete equipment of the workplace, as well as its rational layout, make it possible to organize the work process in the best possible way and increase its efficiency.

Working conditions are a combination of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of an employee. Article 46 of the Labor Code contains recommendations to reflect them in the labor agreement.

The basis of the system of legal regulation of conditions and labor protection is the Constitution, the Labor Code, the Law of July 17, 1999 No. 181-FZ “On the Basics of Labor Protection in the Russian Federation”, regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, various standard rules on labor protection, which published by the federal executive authorities.

Labor legislation imposes on the employer the obligation to ensure safe working conditions, labor protection in his organization. These requirements are obligatory for all legal entities and individuals when they carry out any type of activity (Article 211 of the Labor Code). Article 212 of the Labor Code, as well as Article 14 of Law No. 181-FZ, provides an exhaustive list of the obligations that an employer must fulfill.

These include:

Provision of employees at the expense of the employer with special clothing, footwear and other personal protective equipment (in hazardous production);

Creation of working conditions that meet the requirements of labor protection at each workplace;

Carrying out certification of workplaces.

Assessment of workplaces

The employer is obliged to ensure that workplaces comply with labor protection requirements. The location and organization of workplaces, equipment and tools for work, the air environment and other conditions must be safe and not endanger the life of the employee.

In order to implement the norms of labor legislation aimed at creating healthy and safe working conditions, the System of Certification of Labor Protection Works was created. It was approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of April 24, 2002 No. 28. A key element of certification is work on attestation of workplaces, i.e. assessment of working conditions at workplaces in order to identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and take measures to bring conditions labor in accordance with government regulations. Certification is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of labor.

During certification, they check to what extent the employer's activities to ensure labor protection in organizations comply with state regulatory requirements in certain sectors of the economy (clause 6 of Appendix 2 to the Decree of the Ministry of Labor dated April 24, 2002 No. 28).

The normative basis for the certification of workplaces are the standards of the labor safety system (GOSTs), sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards and other documents. In particular, certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions is included in the general requirements for the labor protection management system, defined by GOST R 12.0.006-2002.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements

The Labor Code imposes on the employer the provision of sanitary and preventive services for employees in accordance with the requirements of labor protection. For these purposes, according to the established norms, sanitary facilities for eating, providing medical care, rooms for rest during working hours and psychological unloading should be equipped. Sanitary posts are being created with first aid kits, equipped with a set of medicines and preparations for first aid; devices (devices) are installed to provide workers in hot shops and areas with carbonated salt water, etc. (Article 223).

To ensure normal conditions for human activity, microclimate parameters are normalized. The norms of the industrial microclimate are established by GOST 12.1.005-88 SSPT. "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area." They are the same for all industries and all climatic zones. The microclimate parameters in the working area must correspond to the optimal or permissible microclimatic conditions.

The level of temperature, humidity and air speed is regulated taking into account the severity of physical labor: “light”, “medium” and “heavy” work. In addition, the season of the year is taken into account: the cold period of the year (average daily outdoor temperature is below +10°C) and the warm period (temperature +10°C and above).

No less attention should be paid to the ventilation system. Firstly, it is necessary to ensure the equality of the volume of supply and exhaust air; air flows should not raise dust and cause hypothermia of workers. Secondly, you need to minimize the noise coming from the fans.

Lighting, in accordance with the "Building Norms and Rules" SNiP 23-05-95, should provide uniform brightness in the field of view, the absence of sharp shadows and glare, constancy in time and the correct direction of the light flux. Please note that it is necessary to control the illumination in workplaces and industrial premises at least once a year.

By the way, the organization can take into account the costs of ensuring normal working conditions provided for by law when calculating income tax as part of other expenses associated with production and sales (subclause 7, clause 1, article 264 of the Tax Code). After all, the decision of the chief state sanitary doctor of April 22, 2003 No. 64, which provides for sanitary rules and regulations - SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03, was approved on the basis of the Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ "On sanitary and epidemiological well-being population".

Liability for violation

Heads and other officials of organizations guilty of violating the rules and norms of labor protection are held administratively liable in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses (CAO):

In the form of a fine in the amount of 500 to 5000 rubles (Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses);

In the form of disqualification for a period of one to three years for a repeated violation;

For violation of fire safety requirements established by standards, norms and rules (Article 20.4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses), which is fraught with a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (for officials - from 1,000 to 2,000 rubles, for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles;

For violation of the legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses), expressed in non-compliance with the current sanitary rules and hygiene standards, failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (for officials - from 500 to 1000 rubles, for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles).

Psychological aspect

However, there are also general points that it would be nice to observe for everyone in order to feel confident and free at work:

You can not sit with your back to the door;

Do not arrange tables so that two employees sit face to face;

It is undesirable to sit with your back to the window;

It is very important to keep order in the workplace.

In addition, a person's performance, fatigue, orientation, and reaction are also affected by color. Cold colors (blue, green, yellow) have a calming effect; warm colors (red, orange) - exciting. Dark colors have a depressing effect on the psyche.

To improve work efficiency, the Japanese have developed a way to organize the workspace, known as the “5S method”. Its goal is to create optimal conditions for performing operations, maintaining order, cleanliness, accuracy, saving time and energy. This method arose in Japan in the middle of the twentieth century and consists of five steps, named after the first letters of five Japanese words, which in translation mean: “sorting”, “self-organization” (ordering), “systematic cleaning”, “standardization”, “ improvement" (improvement).

As the experience of corporations that have adopted the practice of the Japanese shows, after eliminating all inconsistencies, optimal working conditions are created, productivity increases, injuries and the number of occupational diseases decrease, corporate culture rises, the quality of main and auxiliary operations improves, and the negative impact on the environment decreases. Russian corporations are also adopting the 5S method. Thus, Russian Railways began to apply this method as part of the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) in accordance with the international standard ISO-9000.

Industrial aesthetics defines the requirements for introducing an artistic principle into the environment in which people work. It is designed to evoke positive emotions and improve human performance. Industrial aesthetics involves the appropriate external and internal design of buildings. Operating enterprises, during the construction of which aesthetic requirements were not observed at one time, should be subjected to reconstruction and modernization, taking into account modern requirements of industrial aesthetics.

The external design of buildings and structures provides for the rational architecture of their facades, roofs, gutters and cornices, walls and foundations, as well as entrances and entrances. The internal and external territory of the enterprise must also comply with the requirements of aesthetics: arrangement of convenient approaches and driveways to the enterprise, walkways, paved paths safe for pedestrians throughout the territory, landscaping of the territory, including the arrangement of lawns, flower beds; construction of fountains, pools, sculptural decorations, etc.

The interior of industrial premises or their internal design covers all those premises where workers spend time at work or relaxing: workshops, laboratories, departments, auxiliary services for industrial and domestic purposes, warehouses, rest rooms. When organizing the interior, first of all, it is necessary to proceed from labor safety, the convenience of the working posture (including the features of visual perception). It is necessary to take into account the psychological needs of a person during work. So, it is psychologically necessary that a person in the workplace can see the external environment, nature. In this regard, wherever it is permissible, instead of blank walls in buildings, it is advisable to arrange transparent stained-glass windows through which a view of greenery, trees, etc. would open.

Summary

Requirements for air temperature and humidity, illumination office space and sometimes even the furniture is strictly regulated. So, if the average daily temperature outside the window is above 10 ° C, the office should have general rule 23-25°С, and if below this limit - 22-24°С. It is also determined how the working day is reduced if the room is colder than the permissible one, or vice versa, it is very hot. For example, if the air temperature in the office is 19 ° C, then you can stay in it for no more than seven hours, and if 18 ° C - no more than six hours, etc. (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 "", approved. Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016 No. 81).

Separate rules exist for those who use computers in their work. The area of the workplace of such employees cannot be less than 4.5 sq. m (if a flat monitor is installed) or less than 6 sq. m (if the workplace is equipped with an old-type monitor, with a kinescope). And after each hour of work, the room should be ventilated (Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 ""; approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on May 30, 2003).

Some situations are not directly regulated by sanitary standards, but in practice they occur regularly. These include, for example, the failure of the toilets in the building. In this case, according to Rostrud, the employee has the right to refuse work, and the employer must provide him with another job that does not threaten health until the problem is eliminated. If this is not possible, a downtime is declared, and the employee can count on downtime for wages in the amount of at least 2/3 of his average salary ().

About what else sanitary norms and the rules apply to office workers, as well as the responsibility of the employer for non-compliance, learn from our infographic.

Do you want to improve work efficiency? Create safe and comfortable conditions labor. Find out how to do this with the help of the correct organization of the workplace and take into account all the requirements of the law?

From the article you will learn:

The organization of the workplace at the enterprise is an integral part of the production process. To increase the efficiency of labor, the employer needs to determine in advance the circle of people who will serve him, the list of operations performed by them, the equipment and devices needed, depending on the specifics of the work performed.

Requirementslegislation on the organization of the workplace

In order to identify the compliance of working conditions with current standards and legal requirements, it is necessary to regularly conduct their certification. It involves a set of measures to assess working conditions, identify hazardous production factors. It is carried out by specialized accredited organizations together with the company's management. A scheduled assessment of working conditions is carried out once every 5 years and is mandatory for the employer. Failure to comply with these rules threatens him with a fine or temporary suspension of activities.

There are a number of requirements for the organization of the workplace, provided for by the current normative documents. These include:

Labor Code;
Federal Law N 426-FZ “On Special Assessment of Working Conditions”;
Order of the Ministry of Labor N 33n "On approval of the Methodology for conducting a special assessment of working conditions";
Government Decree N 787 "On the procedure for approving the Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions";
R 2.2.2006-05 Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of factors in the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions;
Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development N 302n "On approval of the lists of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and work, during the performance of which mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out";

In addition, the rules for organizing a workplace are regulated by legislative acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, international and state standards, and labor agreements.

Job classification

The workplace is a limited part of the space in which labor activity takes place. It is the primary link organizational structure companies. Proper organization of workplaces in the enterprise allows you to form positively affect the well-being of employees and their performance.

There is a classification of jobs depending on a number of factors:

	Employees, leaders
Degree of specialization	Specialized, universal
Number of employees	Collective and individual
Degree of mechanization	Manual, automated, mechanized
Quantity of main technological equipment	Without equipment, single-station, multi-station
Degree of mobility	Mobile, stationary
Location	room, open air, high, underground
Working conditions	Normal, harmful, severe, monotonous
Number of shifts	Multi-shift and single-shift
By time of use	Permanent, temporary, seasonal

Directions for organizing jobs at the enterprise

The organization of labor includes a set of measures that allow creating optimal conditions for increasing the productivity and content of labor, ensuring its safety.

There are three main areas of these activities:

Equipment- acquisition of the main technological and auxiliary equipment, organizational and technological equipment.
Service- , electricity and other types of services that allow you to maintain a continuous labor process; maintenance of the place in all its functions.
Seat layout- placement of equipment, tooling, objects and subjects of labor, taking into account the principle of rationality, identifying optimal reach areas during work.

Read also:

Modern rules for the adaptation of new employees in the workplace

Safe organization of the workplace: labor protection rules

Compliance with labor protection rules - necessary condition effective work. The factors that affect the quality of work include the equipment of the site, its maintenance and layout. Any shortcoming in the organization can negatively affect the efficiency of the labor process, lead to , reducing product quality.

To reduce the risk, the following are checked for compliance with sanitary and epidemiological conditions: premises, ventilation and heating systems, lighting, equipment. The purpose of such a check is to minimize all factors that negatively affect human health. These include: high noise levels, polluted air, insufficient lighting.

Another important factor to consider is safety. For example, not only the health, but also the life of the employee depends on the safe organization and proper maintenance of the workplace in the production workshop. That is why labor protection is one of the most important tasks of the employer. According to the law, it must provide:

safe working conditions;

compliance with the regime of work and rest;

control and regular assessment of working conditions;

providing information and documents on the compliance of working conditions with the level specified in the legislation to supervisory and regulatory authorities;

timely familiarization of employees with the requirements of labor protection;

development of rules and instructions for labor protection in the manner determined Labor Code(art. 372);

Requirements for organizing a workplace at a computer

Regular work at the computer involves the constant influence of many unhealthy factors. Not surprisingly, professionals who spend more than 12 hours a day in front of a monitor screen eventually begin to suffer from occupational diseases. That's why proper organization workplace at the computer is very important for all office workers without exception.

Before inviting an employee to take a seat at a computer desk, the employer must bring the following factors into compliance with all standards:

Microclimate

According to the requirements of SanPin 2.2.4.548-96, for work in this category, it is necessary to maintain certain temperature air: 22-24оС in the cold period and 20-25оС in the warm one. Relative humidity in the room should be in the range of 40-60%, the air velocity should be 0.1 m/s.

Lighting

Special requirements are also imposed on the lighting of computer rooms. They must be provided with natural light with a KEO coefficient of at least 1.5%. Using artificial lighting it is necessary to organize a uniform light with a brightness of 300-500 lux. on the surface of the table. SanPin contains requirements for the brightness of luminous surfaces, the blindness of light sources, and the brilliance of the table surface. A certain type of luminaires and the way they are placed is recommended.

Equipment

When placing computer tables it is necessary to adhere to the following scheme: the distance between the sides of the monitors should not be less than 120 cm, and between the screen and the back of the adjacent monitor - less than 200 cm. The allowable depth of the table should be at least 60 cm, and its width - at least 120 cm .

Organization of work in the workplace: the mode of work and rest

The current regulations provide for a certain mode of work on the computer with breaks, the frequency and duration of which depends on the type of work performed, its category, as well as the duration of the shift.

With an eight-hour week, these breaks are:

15 minutes 2 hours after the start of work and 2 hours after the lunch break for employees whose activities are related to reading information from the screen;
10 minutes every hour of work for data entry employees;
15 minutes every hour for creative professionals whose work involves constant dialogue with a PC;

Organization of the secretary's workplace

The secretary, like many office workers, spends most of his time at a PC, i. it is directly related to the requirements for organizing a workplace at a computer.

However, the work of a secretary has a number of nuances that distinguish him from other employees. Most often, his work combines the functions of an administrator, personal assistant, manager, and even supply manager. That is why he should spend as little time and energy as possible on involuntary movements and extraneous stimuli. Hence the main thing . This, by the way, is the similarity between the organization of the workplace of the head and the secretary. Any office manager is also a leader in his segment and performs a number of administrative functions.

For maximum convenience in work, we suggest listening to the following tips for organizing an effective space:

Always keep a pen handy and notebook. They will come in handy when planning the day and will help get rid of the need to remember large amounts of information.
For the initial level of planning, use stickers and “reminders”.
Divide into “in” and “out” and keep them empty. Clearing them every day, you will not miss anything important.
Keep your desk tidy: The cleaner your desk, the better your productivity.
Leave a few trinkets on the table that are not directly related to work. This not only creates coziness, but also increases your creativity.
Use .
Get a trash can next to the table and send everything superfluous there without pity.

The rational organization of labor is always based on the organization of the workplace. We spend over a third of our lives at work. That is why it is worth paying attention to the space in which you work in order to feel comfortable, work efficiently and not be distracted by extraneous matters.