about me and my team

Stroganov Kirill

I have been in the renovation business for over 15 years. The most pleasant thing for me is a solid list of satisfied customers.

My main task is to organize the repair process in such a way that it would be easy and pleasant when interacting with me and my team. I am as open as possible to you.

I will help you choose modern material, both expensive and not expensive.
I'm optimizing the budget. Many years of experience allow me to offer you the best way to reduce the cost of repairs without loss of quality even in the premium class.

I managed to put together a great team that works well together. This allows you to clearly meet the deadlines for work, not go beyond the agreed estimate and save your time and effort.

We approach our work with pleasure, starting from the creation of a design project and ending with advice on arranging furniture and decorating a room.

Finishing work, how to do it correctly and inexpensively.

Finishing work (OP) is the process by which a protective layer is created for the structure. She receives protection from external negative influences. Also, the operational period of the surfaces is significantly developed, and a more attractive appearance is created. Thanks to competent finishing, such characteristics of the object as sound insulation and fire resistance are also improved.

Types of finishing works

Since they can be carried out from the outside and from inside premises, then their types are appropriate. A more detailed division is as follows:

1. Plastering.
2. Painting.
3. Glass work.
4. Facing.
5. Wallpaper pasting.
6. Stucco work.
7. Work on clean floors.

Before finishing work, the following stages must be completed:

1. Training.
2. Dismantling.
3. Draft OR.
4. Clean OR.
5. Electrical work.
6. plumbing operations.

Preparation stage

The main thing here is the preparation of the room. Furniture and other barriers to work are taken out of it. The creation of the necessary space is due to the plan of the planned work and the type of repair. If a major overhaul is planned, then all the furniture from all rooms is taken out.

At cosmetic repairs work furniture from one room can be deployed to another. Very massive furniture can remain in the room, but it should be moved to the center of the room.

It is also important to eliminate old wallpaper.

Replacement if necessary floor covering, the work is carried out in parts. Any change in the position of massive furniture after the final stage of repair is carried out very carefully.

It is possible to replace doors without changing blocks after repair. If it is necessary to replace the door blocks, these actions are performed before working with the walls.

Dismantling

Here, operations are carried out to eliminate old components: finishes, wiring, plumbing, etc.

The goal is to improve the quality of the upcoming repair, replacement of structures or redevelopment.

Dismantling can be done on your own. You can turn to professionals. One way or another, it can affect such objects:

Flooring,

Ceiling,

Wiring,

Detached commercial buildings.

Old wallpaper, paintwork, tiles and other finishes must be eliminated from the walls and ceiling. More modern materials will follow in their place. And also such dismantling allows to reveal different effects and to carry out high-quality leveling of surfaces.

Partitions may also fall under elimination. Cut out additional openings for windows and doors.

When dismantling the floor, its sheathing material is removed. Logs and boards can also be removed if a concrete base is being considered.

On the ceiling, plasterboard structures are removed.

How to remove windows, doors and wiring?

When windows and doors have solid thermal conductivity, they are replaced - they are completely dismantled.

Remove electrical wiring very carefully to avoid electric shock. Before this process, all electricity in the apartment / house is turned off. Then all the wires coming from the distributor, sockets and other current-carrying places are cut with wire cutters.

When the cable is located in the wall, it is better to extract it using a chisel, hammer, puncher, or drill. When removing it, it is important not to spoil the necessary electrical appliances.

They include the following:

1. Plaster. The goal is to close cracks and uneven areas larger than 5 mm. Work affects walls and ceilings. Cement compositions are used:

With lime

With sand

With plaster.

There are also stages of work here:

A) Surfaces are prepared for the base.

B) Beacon profiles are installed.

C) The walls are finally leveled.

1. Masonry stage. Systems are created from isolated building materials. Their assembly is obtained in a certain algorithm. They are reinforced with cement mortar.

Partitions, walls, columns, fireplaces can be installed. Of the materials worth using a natural stone, foam blocks, bricks, etc.

1. Drywall work. Walls, various partitions, arches, slopes, suspension mechanisms, etc. are installed.

1. Painting stage. Surfaces are treated, primed, reinforced (if necessary), ground and polished. The final phase is puttying with leveling agents.

1. Plumbing. Sewerage and water supply, communication systems are being arranged. Pipes are installed and bred. Their tightness is checked. Devices are installed that take into account the flow of water. On the floor, an area is being prepared for a bathtub, a shower cabin and other plumbing fixtures.
2. Electrical installation. Chasing walls. Installed wires and cables. Areas for sockets and switches are being prepared. Openings are created in the walls for shields and meters, fuses, adjustable blocks.

Ceilings are installed here. If necessary - and a variety of rack and other structures.

Walls and ceiling surfaces are painted. Mixtures for painting in several layers are applied to the treated surfaces (after priming and puttying).

Wallpaper is pasted. The walls are primed before this. Wallpapers are selected according to taste and for the tasks of the room, as well as for the type of wall surface. Glue is selected based on the type of wallpaper. For example, to glue non-woven wallpaper, you should not use glue for ordinary paper wallpaper.

In the kitchen, bathroom and toilet, you can glue tiles. The process can take place on:

cement compound,

adhesive solution,

Mastic.

The surface for tiles is prepared: it is plastered, leveled, a screed is made (if necessary).

The floors are being laid. It can be parquet, laminate, linoleum and other materials. Thresholds and skirting boards are installed.

Doors and their components are mounted: platbands, limiters and other fittings.

Lighting fixtures are being installed. They can be on ceilings, walls and floors.

Plumbing is being installed.

Replacing wiring is a necessary operation, even with cosmetic repairs. These activities can be done on your own. But you still need the help of professionals in this field. The prices for these services vary. Their calculation proceeds from the type, difficulty and scope of the planned work. The replacement of the outlet is usually calculated immediately. A specialist can make some calculations right away, having studied the scope of work and knowing the wishes of the customer.

Within this stage:

1. New wiring is being designed and laid. It can be isolated or open. It's a matter of the owner's wishes.

1. Completely or partially change switches and sockets. Their work is adjusted. They can also be transferred from one area to another.
2. Removed old lamps. New devices are installed and transferred.

1. If necessary, the reason for the lack of current in a certain segment of the circuit is revealed.

1. Various counters, automatic devices and RCDs are installed.

1. The shield is assembled and assembled. Also, there can be several shields.

1. Eliminate old communications.

1. Lightning rods are installed, and a ground loop is mounted.

1. Networks with low voltage are being installed: these are TV, Internet, telephone communications.

Even with this installation, they can: ditch walls, lay wires into the created strobes, mount main cable trays, etc. The main characteristics of the quality of these works are:

1. All components of the circuit work in harmony.
2. Electricity is supplied without interruption.

Plumbing work

They include a fairly wide range of diverse works. Some of the work is simple, they can be implemented on their own. And some can only be performed by specialists. And they mean a hefty expense. Examples of such work:

1. Installation and repair of plumbing fixtures, water supply networks.
2. Connection and adjustment of household equipment.

It is optimal to order a complex of works. In this case, there will be serious expenses, but your plumbing will be of high quality.

Materials used and their pros and cons

Types of materials depend on the place of their application.

Wall finishing options:

First. Wallpaper. They can have textures, photos, images, be glossy, matte, monotonous, etc.

Their advantages:

1. Solid variety.
2. Different price range.
3. Ease of wall preparation.
4. High dynamics and ease of sticking.

1. Susceptibility to mechanical stress.
2. If some area is damaged after painting, if it is difficult to replace. The reason is the differences in the shades of circulation.

Second. Decorative plaster. It can be applied in different design. Its advantages:

1. Serious texture and color assortment.
2. You can make your own image on it.
3. Moisture resistant.
4. Durability.

Its cons:

1. High application complexity.
2. Too serious price tag.

Third. Dye. It also has versatility. Strengths:

1. An abundance of flowers.
2. Can be applied in different rooms. In the bathroom and in the kitchen, you can use moisture resistant and oil versions.

1. Ease of application.

1. Long service life.

1. There are versions at any price.
2. allowed to create patterns on the wall.

1. Shows all uneven areas on the surface.
2. The need for coverage in 2-3 layers.
3. Nasty smell.
4. Long drying process.

Fourth. Tile. Usually it is glued in bathrooms and kitchens. Her strengths:

1. Moisture resistant.
2. Ease of laundering.
3. Resistant to light mechanical stress and wear.
4. Does not ignite.
5. An abundance of color modifications, textures and sizes.

Weaknesses:

1. Modest sound and heat insulation.
2. Fragility.
3. Complicated fitting process.
4. High price tags.

Fifth. MDF panels. Pros:

1. Fast and easy installation.
2. Environmental Safety.
3. They do not need to prepare the walls.
4. abundance of types and colors.
5. Easy to clean while using.
6. Modest prices.

1. They show stains and traces of liquid.
2. Pretty fragile.
3. Susceptible to moisture.
4. This is a combustible material.
5. Unrepresentable look.

Sixth. Tree. The usual option for country houses and baths. Pros:

1. Creating a warm atmosphere.
2. Hiding uneven areas.
3. Ease of installation.
4. An abundance of forms.
5. Improves noise isolation.
6. Nice smell.
7. Environmental friendliness.
8. It can be dyed in different colours and tone.
9. With proper processing, resistance to decay and durability appears.

1. Serious prices.
2. The need to update the defense against insects and moisture.
3. Doesn't handle temperature fluctuations well.

In private homes, the interior becomes chic thanks to natural stone. Its advantages:

1. Durability.
2. Graceful look.
3. Strength.
4. Environmental friendliness.
5. Resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations.

1. Solid prices.
2. Massiveness.
3. Clogged with dust. It's hard to extract it.

For those who need modern materials, PVC panels are suitable.

Their advantages:

1. Fast installation.
2. Lightweight sheathing.
3. An abundance of colors and images.
4. Modest prices.
5. Ecology.
6. Heat and sound insulation.
7. Moisture resistance.
8. Durability.

1. Flammability.
2. Brittleness.
3. Burnout in the sun.

Ceiling Options

Stretch and drywall options usually appear here. Their comparison is set out in this table:

Specifications	Stretch	Drywall
Environmental friendliness
Aesthetics
Safety
Durability
The need for powerful surface preparation
Abundance of designs
High speed and ease of installation
High prices
Potential Sag
The complexity of self-installation
Difficulty cleaning dirt
Potential web tears, collapses
fragility
Weakness to cold temperatures
Damaged area cannot be replaced
easy to scratch
When using powerful lamps, spots appear
High prices
Perfect evenness
Can create a variety of designs
On top of this material, any skin fits perfectly.
Behind this material, insulation and cables can be placed
Not the best strength
Moisture and fungus resistance
The need to plaster seams and screws

You can decorate the ceilings from the inside with wallpaper, paints and whitewash.

Whitewashing is a fairly old method of decorating. Its advantages:

1. Ease of implementation.
2. Cheapness.
3. Does not lower ceiling height.
4. The ability to "breathe".
5. Ecology.
6. Mold protection

1. The need for surface preparation.
2. One color option is white.
3. cannot be washed.

If you are a supporter of the classics, then the white ceiling is your option. You can apply bleach. Usually its color is selected in lighter colors by analogy with the color of the walls.

Floor Options

All of them must have the following qualities:

1. Ease of use.
2. High strength.
3. Fire resistance.
4. Non-slip surface.
5. Possibility for additional insulation.

If you need a universal option, then linoleum will fit. It is great for any space. Due to the abundance of colors and images, it is easily matched to any interior.

If you need an option with a better look, then it is better to take a laminate or wood. They have some analogies.

In rooms with high humidity and load on the floor, it is better to use ceramic tiles.

Even today, carpet has won good fame. This is an elegant replacement for carpets.

Specifications	Linoleum			Ceram. tile	carpet
Easy and fast installation
Moisture resistance
Heat and noise insulation
Strength
Easy to wash
Abundance of choice
Tendency to deform
Resistance to chemical elements
Resistance to low temperatures
Resistant to temperature fluctuations
Ecology
Affordability
Durability
Noise due to poor installation
Requires special preparation before installation
fakes on sale
There are permanent breaks.
Ease of maintenance
Unpleasant odors

To finish the floor less often these options are used: natural stone, cork, rubber, bamboo and self-leveling floor.

Common mistakes when performing finishing work

Mistakes made during OR can negatively affect their quality and service life:

1. A design project has not been created that reflects the visual result. It helps to understand in advance what the appearance of the interior will be when the work is completed. This will allow you to correctly calculate the required volumes of materials and resolve the issue with the types and volume and necessary work.
2. Positions of plumbing, electrical equipment are not defined. Even at the beginning of the repair, you need to solve this dilemma in order to:

A) Determine how and where the sockets and switches will be located.

B) Develop a method for laying cables, pipes, ventilation, etc.

C) Calculate the load of the mounting structure.

For example, if you randomly plan the positions of lighting devices without dividing them into groups, in some areas of the premises you will get very weak or very strong lighting.

1. There are no reinforced structures, reinforcement and insulation in the right places. Example: if the partitions are plasterboard, then a reinforced profile must be mounted in the installation areas of massive furniture and other similar elements.
2. The conditions of all the main surfaces in the room have not been studied for defects. The same goes for communications. Example: if you do not change the wiring in an old house, it may not be able to cope with the load from a powerful household appliances. As a result, circuit breakers will fly out.
3. There is no study of heat loss sources. Example: without insulation of walls in apartments, where necessary, they can freeze, become damp. They grow mold and fungus.
4. Repairs are being carried out partially. If it is not made uniformly in the whole apartment, but only in rooms, there may be level differences in the ceilings in the rooms. So it will be more difficult to build communications, the created coatings will be damaged.

If the available funds are not enough for a complete repair, it is better to save up even more and arrange full-fledged work.

1. The use of cheap materials and compositions. As a rule, such materials are not durable. They won't last long. And soon it will have to be redone again. An example - if you lay pipes made of metal-plastic with cheap fittings, there is a high risk of leaks.
2. No control over repairs. Control is essential when hiring workers. For example, they may deviate from the design project, install an outlet or pipes in the wrong areas, etc. Therefore, it is important to monitor the quality of work at all stages.
3. Repair poor quality. This point follows from item 8. Some brigades charge small amounts for their services. Most often, the reason for this is the low professional level of employees. Such brigades can make repairs for a very long time and of poor quality. The end result is a waste of money.

Factors affecting the cost of repairs

Repair is a global event. It requires certain costs. But what are the factors that make up its cost? Their list is as follows:

1. The professional level of employees. The higher it is, the higher the dynamics and speed of repair.
2. The responsibility that experts can take on and the guarantees they provide.
3. Hiring a team or an agreement with a company. In the second case, the payment is always higher, but there are more guarantees for the high quality of repairs, and all activities are reflected in the documentation.
4. The amount of work carried out by a team or firm.
5. The number of decorative components. For example, due to the use of 3d panels, ceiling lights, the payment for work also increases. These nuances must be foreseen in advance. The easier the repair is started, the easier it is to agree on an estimate.
6. Dynamics of work implementation. Here workers can work in two shifts. Accordingly, the payment will be higher.
7. Hire a foreman. It is needed if for some reason you cannot control the execution of work yourself. And if you can, and even get the materials yourself, then you get savings. But the time costs are enormous.

Introduction

Capital construction is the most important branch of the national economy of the country, which ensures the creation and accelerated renewal of fixed assets for production and non-production purposes.

The main task of capital construction is to increase the country's production potential on the basis of scientific and technological progress, the construction of residential buildings, public utility and socio-cultural facilities.

In the total volume of construction and installation works, an important role belongs to the finishing of buildings, which is the final stage of construction.

Finishing works (plastering, painting, facing, etc.) give buildings and structures a finished look, and structural elements buildings - protective, sanitary and decorative qualities.

Despite the relatively low cost, finishing work is the most labor-intensive in construction and is characterized by high material consumption. In the construction of residential and administrative buildings, the complexity finishing works reaches 30–40% of the total labor intensity of construction.

For finishing work in construction are still characteristic high costs manual labor, which can be 60-90% depending on the type of work.

Reducing the labor intensity of finishing work can only be achieved by increasing the level of mechanization of processes and the introduction of industrial methods of surface finishing using factory-made products and parts. The use of individual elements of industrial production makes it possible to reduce "wet" processes in construction conditions, increase the productivity of finishing workers, reduce manual labor costs and the timing of finishing work, improve the quality of finishing and production culture.

However, with the current level of construction, it is impossible to become an experienced finisher without systematic advanced training without studying advanced technologies and labor organization. Each worker needs to deeply master the basics of professional knowledge, acquire practical experience and creatively use progressive methods of labor and the experience of innovators in the construction industry. The power of the country and the well-being of each of us will depend on the effective work of each in his place.

Chapter 1. Purpose and types of finishing works

1.1. Purpose of finishing works

Finishing work in construction is a complex of construction processes associated with the interior and exterior decoration of buildings and structures, the result of which is an increase in their protective and operational, architectural and aesthetic qualities.

Their purpose is to impart to structures, buildings and structures such qualities as durability, fire resistance, resistance to impact. environment and decorative.

Finishing work is carried out during construction or after the installation of buildings and structures is completed, or during the repair of apartments, offices, redevelopment of premises, etc.

Prior to their implementation, all major construction, installation, repair and sanitary work must be completed.

During the construction, repair and reconstruction of buildings and structures, special attention is paid to the quality of finishing works, which create a unique look of the object and give individuality to its interior and exterior.

1.2. Types of finishing works

Finishing works include plastering, puttying, painting, wallpapering, facing, including finishing with decorative facing stone, floor and ceiling installation, glazing and artistic painting. They also include the installation of prefabricated frame-sheathing and light-transmitting partitions, built-in furniture, railings for balconies and loggias.

Not only the visual and aesthetic perception, but also the durability of operation, air exchange, noise and heat insulation, moisture protection, sanitary and hygienic properties and a number of other indicators depend on the choice and quality of the finish.

Finishing work is carried out both inside and outside buildings and structures.

Facade finishing in they are carried out either in the factory during panel construction, or in the process of erecting brick, large-block and wooden buildings, or during the repair or reconstruction of buildings and structures. Apply facade decoration with ordinary or colored decorative plaster, artificial and decorative stone, tiles or panels, etc.

Interior decoration It is determined by the purpose of the premises, the type of structures that form it, the conditions of its operation and the solidity of the building. At the same time, not only the physical durability of the coatings is taken into account, but also the obsolescence, ease of use, conditions of sanitary and hygienic maintenance, etc.

Finishing works are divided into two groups: the actual finishing and finishing and installation.

Actually finishing works - This is a device for protective and decorative coatings on the surface of building structures. These include plastering work (coating with mortar), painting work (coating paintwork materials), facing works (coating with finished products of artificial or natural origin), wallpaper work(pasting with wallpaper or films).

Finishing– installation work - this is an assembly of building elements that simultaneously play a constructive role and perform the functions of a finishing coating. These include:

1) the device of prefabricated frame-sheathing and sliding partitions;

2) arrangement of built-in furniture;

3) cladding of walls and partitions with large-sized prefabricated sheet and slab products;

4) installation of light-transmitting partitions made of glass blocks and profiled glass;

5) installation of floors from parquet boards, panel parquet, wood chipboards and wood-fiber boards;

6) installation of suspended ceilings;

7) filling of light openings (windows, doors, transoms, shop windows) with sheet window, display, mirror and decorative glass;

8) installation of facade panels with full factory finishing;

9) fencing of balconies and loggias with asbestos-cement sheets, aluminum, plastic and other products.

Finishing coatings perform two functions: technical and decorative.

technical function is aimed at improving sanitary-hygienic, technological, fire-prevention and other properties during the operation of buildings and structures.

Decorative function - giving originality and completeness to the architectural appearance of the building and the interior of the premises.

Depending on the ratio of these functions, coatings are classified as ordinary, special, decorative, and architectural and artistic.

Conventional coatings are used and construction and repair of buildings and structures of all types.

Special coatings are used mainly in industrial buildings, where the technical function prevails.

Decorative and architectural-artistic coatings used in civil and industrial buildings, in the construction and reconstruction of unique buildings and structures, the decoration of restaurants, clubs, etc.

The coatings obtained in the process of finishing work can consist only of the front layer and the front and one or several preparatory layers (covering, priming, leveling, etc.) In the front layer of the coatings, both liquid materials (varnishes, paints, mastics) and products with a finished front surface (tiles, wallpaper, facing panels, glass). For the device of the preparatory layers, materials are used, usually in a liquid or plastic state (solutions, primers, primers, putties, adhesives, mastics).

Control questions:

1. What are finishing works and their purpose?

2. What works are finishing works?

3. What applies to finishing and installation work?

4. What functions do finishing coatings perform?

Chapter 2

2.1. Types of plaster work

Plaster- this is a finishing layer on the surfaces of various structures of buildings and structures (walls, partitions, ceilings, columns), which levels them and gives them a certain shape, protects structures from moisture, weathering, fire, increases resistance to heat transfer, reduces air permeability and sound conductivity of enclosing structures.

All types of plaster are divided into monolithic, which is obtained by applying plaster solutions to the surface, and dry (facing with factory-made plasterboard sheets).

Monolithic plaster closes all the cracks in the structure, forming a single whole with it. It can be used in damp and wet areas. It is characterized by high labor intensity, duration of drying, difficulties in performing work in winter time, the need for special equipment for the preparation and transportation of the solution to the place of work. This limits its application.

Dry plaster has no such disadvantages. After sealing the seams between the plasterboard sheets, the surface can be finished the next day. It is cheaper than monolithic, but inferior to it in terms of reliability. Dry plaster is used mainly in residential buildings, the humidity in which does not exceed 60%.

According to the purpose and properties, monolithic plasters are divided into ordinary, special and decorative.

Ordinary plasters are intended for operation in normal temperature and humidity conditions (they can be painted or covered with wallpaper).

Special plasters perform protective functions in relation to the base (waterproofing and hydrophobic, heat-insulating, acoustic, chemically resistant, X-ray protective).

Decorative plasters are used for finishing facades and some rooms public buildings(lobbies, stairwells, halls). They can be smooth, colored, imitate decorative natural and artificial facing stones.

Ordinary plasters, depending on the thoroughness of their execution, are divided into three categories: simple, improved and high-quality.

simple plaster is made from two layers of mortar (spray and soil with a total thickness of up to 12 mm), the surface of which is leveled with a falcon edge without further finishing with other tools (in this regard, it is called “falcon-like” plaster). It is used in temporary, basement, warehouse and other non-residential buildings, as well as in utility rooms of public and industrial buildings.

improved plaster is made of three layers (spray, soil and coating) with a total thickness of 15 mm. The final finishing - leveling and smoothing the surface - is performed by the rule (plaster under the rule). It is used in residential, hospital, school and other public buildings of mass construction.

high quality the plaster consists of spray, two layers of primer and a covering layer with a total thickness of 20 mm. The soil is leveled over the beacons, the covering layer is rubbed with a grater. In this regard, this type of plaster is called lighthouse. She finish theaters, train stations, hotels, museums, residential high-rise buildings.

2.2. Preparation of materials for plastering

For plastering brick walls, lime-sand mortars of the composition 1: 3 and 1: 4 (parts by volume) are usually used, concrete surfaces - complex mortars of cement, lime and sand in a ratio of 1: 1: 8, rooms with high humidity (bathrooms, basements, baths), as well as on a metal mesh - a cement-sand mortar of brand 75–100 with a composition of 1: 4, gypsum concrete and wooden surfaces - a lime-sand mortar with the addition of gypsum. For plastering concrete and gypsum concrete surfaces, polymer cement and gypsum polymer cement mortars are also widely used, which include a polyvinyl acetate emulsion or synthetic latex in a ratio of 0.2: 1 to cement.

The solutions used for plastering must have the following properties: sufficient strength, ability to adhere to the surface being plastered, frost resistance, sufficient mobility for pumping through pipes and hoses, workability necessary for production plastering works setting time, volume constancy during setting (no significant shrinkage). For the layers of spray and soil of internal premises with a normal humidity regime, solutions of the following compositions are used:

1) on stone surfaces - lime: sand - 1: 2.5 to 1: 3; lime: clay: sand - 1: 0.4: 5, clay: sand: fibrous additives - 1: 3: 0.5;

2) on concrete surfaces - cement: sand - 1: 4 (to increase the plasticity of the solution, lime is added in an amount of 20–30% by weight of cement); cement: lime: sand - 1: 1: 6; on wooden surfaces - lime: sand - 1: 2 to 1: 4.5: gypsum (added at the rate of 1 part of lime from 1 to 1.5 parts of gypsum); lime: clay: sand: fibrous additives - 1: 3: 3: 0.5;

3) on a metal mesh - cement: sand - 1: 3 to 1: 4, while for the 1st layer a fibrous substance is added in an amount of 0.5 to 1 part of cement.

For spray and soil internal plasters exposed to moisture, use one of the following solutions: cement: sand - 1: 3 to 1: 4; cement: lime: sand - 1: 1: 4 or 1: 1: 6.

The compositions of the solutions for the covering layer are selected depending on the type of plaster. If the soil is made on a lime, lime-gypsum or lime-clay binder, then solutions of the compositions are used for covering: lime: gypsum: sand - 1: 1: 1 or 1: 1: 2.

When soils are based on cement or lime-cement binder, solutions of the compositions are used for coating: lime: cement: sand - 1: 1: 2, 1: 1: 3 or 1: 1: 4.

Sand for plaster is used in such a way that it contains no more than 0.1 parts of large particles larger than 1.5 mm with clay impurities in the amount of 10–12% of the total mass. Pure river or sea sand is unsuitable for a solution applied by mechanized method. Before preparing solutions, clay milk is added to these types of sand (in the mortar mixer drum) at the rate of 9 parts of sand 1 part of clay (by dry volume). The volume of voids in the sand is no more than 40%. For pumping through pipes, a solution is used in which the voids in the sand are 2–3% filled with lime paste, as well as a solution containing at least 1/4 of the lime paste.

For the preparation of solutions, a mixture of 60% fine and 40% coarse sand is used. Coarse sand should be added to medium-sized sand in an amount of 30% of the total volume.

Gypsum mortars should be used only with setting retarders (carpenter's glue, sulphite-yeast mash, BS retarder, etc.), which delay the onset of setting by 20–30 minutes.

Depending on the type of mortar, volumes and nature of construction, the preparation of plaster mortars is carried out:

1) at the place of work - in free-standing mortar mixers of small capacity (mixing drum capacity up to 100 l) and in small plastering units equipped with the same mixers;

2) at facilities under construction - at on-site mortar units and in mobile plastering stations equipped with medium-capacity mortar mixers (mixing drum capacity 150, 325 l);

3) centrally - at central mortar units and plants equipped with large-capacity mortar mixers (mixing drum capacity 1000, 1500 l).

2.3. Tools, fixtures and equipment for plastering work

Mortar application and leveling tools(Fig. 2.1) Plaster trowel consists of a steel sheet up to 1.2 mm thick, a handle with a knee 50 mm high and a wooden handle mounted on the handle. Trowels are made with a blade 190 mm long. The handle is welded to the canvas, rarely riveted. Handles are made in one standard size.

Rice. 2.1. Tools for applying and leveling the mortar: a - plastering trowel; b - cutting; c - bucket; g - scoop with a swinging handle; e - scoop-shovel and falcon-bucket; c - rectangular falcon; g - disc falcon, h - trowels; and - collapsible duralumin falcon

Plaster trowels are poured and approximately dosed various materials, mix dry mixtures and solutions, throw, spread, level, smooth, cut solutions, clean tools, inventory and fixtures from the solution.

Cut-offs are small trowels with thin steel sheets 140 mm long, 56 mm wide. For some works, the canvas is shortened in length up to 50 mm, in width up to 10–15 mm. Cut-offs are used for cutting architectural details, cleaning tools, cutting cracks in plaster, greasing, cutting and correcting mortar when cutting corners in rods, ironing plaster.

Ladle for finishing works it consists of a cup (ladle), a handle, a wooden handle and a hook with which the ladle is hung on the side of the box. Bucket capacity 0.6; 0.8; 1.0 l. Buckets are made from sheet structural steel 0.8–0.9 mm thick. Buckets made of aluminum and various alloys are of little use, since the solution strongly adheres to them, which reduces its slippage when thrown. Buckets are used for applying the solution on different surfaces and dosing materials.

Falcon- this is a shield made of wood or aluminum alloy sheet 2 mm thick, 400 × 400 or 350 × 350 mm in size, with a handle in the middle. From the falcon, the solution is applied to the surface with a spatula or directly smeared with a falcon and leveled over the surface.

trowels consist of a canvas and a handle. They are made from non-knotted wood or extruded aluminum profile. Depending on the purpose, they come with a canvas 150–2000 mm long, 20–150 mm wide, and 5–30 mm thick. The wooden canvas should be evenly planed, and best of all jointed. Half trowels are used for leveling, spreading mortar, rubbing architectural elements.

Stucco Finishing Tools(Fig. 2.2). Graters used for grouting the plaster layer. They consist of a canvas and a handle. The canvas and the handle are made of pine or spruce wood that is not knotty and resinous, or the canvas is made of duralumin or galvanized steel, and the handle is made of wood. Attached to the duralumin sheet wooden slats, felt, foam plastic, foam plastic, felt.

Rice. 2.2. Stucco Finishing Tools:

graters: a - wooden; b - universal metal for attaching felt to it; c - universal metal for fastening a wooden canvas; g - trowels; d - brush (fossil); e - bush hammer; g - chisel; h - troyanka and gear; and - shaped trowels; to - steel brush; l - cycles; m - nail brush; n - plaster ruler; o - rustication

Ironers used for smoothing plaster. The trowels are available in steel or wood. Wooden trowels are trowels, the canvas of which is covered (upholstered) with rubber. The length and width of the ironing sheets are different.

Brush it is intended for wetting surfaces and dried plaster with water, washing tools and other purposes. There are brushes different sizes and forms, from hair, sea grass, bast. In plastering work, brushes are used, dimensions which are 250 × 180 × 80 mm.

Buchard- a metal hammer weighing up to 1.5 kg. On the butt sides of the bouchards, from 16 to 36 cloves of a pyramidal shape are incised. Instead of cloves, there may be cutting in the form of straight blades. When processing surfaces with hammers, pits remain on them from the teeth, from the blades - strips (strokes). Bouchards are used for forging decorative plaster on a cement binder (stone and terrazitic) and for preparing stone, brick, concrete and similar surfaces.

Chisels serve for selection of seams in a masonry, notches of decorative plaster, preparation of surfaces.

troyanka and cog are intended for the same purpose as chisels. The trojan has three teeth on the blade, and the teeth have several. Chisels, trojans and gears are made of steel.

Rules designed for leveling the primer and top layers of plaster, finishing husks, mustaches and checking the verticality of the surface to be finished.

Rules, depending on the purpose, are made:

1) straight - made of aluminum profile 1200, 1600, 1800 mm long, wood handle;

2) serrated - from special aluminum profiles with two stiffeners, handles - from wood;

3) forged (one-sided and two-sided) - slats made of coniferous wood and sheets of sheet steel attached to them with screws; length 1200 mm;

4) husk - made of aluminum profile; wooden handle, length 804 mm, truncated - aluminum profile leaf and stand, wooden handle, length 804 mm.

Steel brushes(wooden handles in which steel wire is inserted) are intended for cleaning various surfaces, cleaning some types of decorative plaster.

cycles- steel plates up to 200 mm long with teeth of different heights and widths; serve for scraping decorative plasters, especially terrazitic ones.

Nail brush- a piece of a board or a grater with nails stuffed into the canvas, the ends of which protrude from the plane of the board by 3-10 mm, which depends on how large the texture needs to be obtained. Nails are stuffed at a distance of 5–10 mm in rows or in a checkerboard pattern.

Plaster ruler serves for cutting corners, raskrepovok, i.e. cutting off the solution applied above the level of thrust. Rulers are made from wood. Their length, thickness and width are different. A long ruler is more convenient for work, as it provides a more accurate cut of the solution. One or two ends of the ruler are cut at an angle of 45º and a steel cutter is nailed flush with the working plane of the ruler. The edge of the ruler can be flat - for cutting rectangular architectural breaks or rounded - for cutting curved breaks.

Rustovki designed for cutting rustication when finishing joints between floor slabs. Steel or wooden rustications are made with a length of 250-300 mm. They have a cutout at the end and an attached steel strip in the form of a semicircle, which is a cutter and serves to cut the mortar between the floor slabs.

Surface Preparation and Inspection Tools. plaster hammer at one end it has a butt 25 × 25 mm in size, at the other end there are curved horns with slots for pulling out nails. The hammer is mounted on a handle 300 mm long. The mass of the hammer is 600 g and the handle is designed so that plaster nails can be hammered in two blows.

Cam hammer with a wide butt weighing up to 2 kg is used when working with a chisel, troyanka.

Plaster hammer with metal rubberized handle weighing 1 kg is used to strike when notching small concrete surfaces.

Knife for finishing work, it is used for making tool handles, splitting chips, trimming the edges of matting, cutting plasterboard sheets, cutting profile boards. The blade of the knife has a length of up to 150 mm and a narrow end. The handle should not be round, otherwise it will rotate in the hands.

Hand scissors used for cutting metal steel profiles to templates, cutting the grid. Scissors with curved handles are more convenient and safer to use.

Construction plumb line used for hanging surfaces and checking their horizontalness. It consists of weight and cord. Plumb weight in the form of a cylinder with a pointed end weighing at least 200 g. The diameter of the weight is 10–20 mm, which allows hanging surfaces for plaster with a thickness of 5 mm or more. Cord length 20 m.

Building levels for checking vertical and horizontal surfaces, they come in different lengths, wooden and metal, with one or two sights.

Rail-plumb (spirit level)- the simplest wooden level of two rails set at right angles to each other. Short plumb slats have a length of 600–750, medium ones - 1000–1500 mm. Plumb slats are simple - only for checking vertical surfaces and combined - for checking vertical and horizontal surfaces.

Flexible level (water) used for hanging horizontal surfaces or drawing horizontal lines on walls. This level consists of a 10–15 mm thick rubber tube of the required length. At the end of the rubber tube inserted glass tubes 200–300 mm long with divisions. If the level is filled with water and the tubes are brought closer to each other at the same level, then the poured water should be on the same divisions.

squares there are wooden and metal ones, it is better with a movable bar (special), with which it is easier to measure the angles of dawn slopes. Their sizes are different. Squares are necessary for marking, checking raskrepovki, corners, making profile boards.

When plastering, they also use a saw, an ax, a meter, wire cutters, tongs, a file, bars, etc.

Devices and inventory.

steel grades- thick short steel nails 50-70 mm long, up to 10 mm thick with square or round caps with a diameter of at least 30 mm. They are used instead of mortar grades in the construction of beacons. Steel grades are easily hammered into the seams of brick and other masonry, as well as into slag concrete and other hard-to-nail surfaces.

lighthouses There are mortar, wood and metal. Mortar beacons are the most labor-intensive. Wooden beacons are rail-rules with a section from 40 × 40 to 50 × 50 mm.

Inventory metal beacons are made from steel, duralumin or other rigid corners with a section of 25 × 25, 30 × 30 and 35 × 35 mm. With their help, plaster is applied with a thickness of 18, 22 and 25 mm, respectively.

Malki used for leveling the mortar between wooden beacons on walls, ceilings, slopes, plugs. To level the mortar between wooden beacons, which are higher than the thickness of the plaster, use simple or sliding beacons with cuts of such a depth that corresponds to the thickness of the mortar. Sliding beacons make it possible to level the solution between beacons located at a distance of 1.2–2 mm.

clamps designed to attach rules to surfaces. Simple clips fasten the rules when pulling rods, finishing window and door slopes. They consist of a pin of square or rectangular section with a length of 150 to 200 mm and a foot with a hole in the shape of a pin, which is put on the pin. Complex clamps consist of a pin, a bracket and two screws. The pin is driven into the surface, a bracket is put on it, it is fastened to the pin with a screw, a rule or a wooden beacon is placed in the bracket and fixed with another screw.

Templates serve for pulling rods (cornices, belts, platbands). They come in different sizes and designs.

Mortar boxes are intended for preparation and storage of dry mixes and solutions. They are metal and wood. The small metal plaster box for storing mortar at the workplace has dimensions of 600 × 400 × 220 mm. To receive and store the solution on the floors, a metal container for the solution with a capacity of 0.35 cubic meters is intended. m.

The most convenient inventory metal carts with a container for the solution. They consist of a trolley with a handle, two legs and two wheels, on which removable boxes with a capacity of up to 0.09 cubic meters are mounted. m.

sita are used for screening bulk materials and filtering solutions. The sieves can be stretched over a round clip (shell), or stuffed onto a rectangular wooden frame with handles, or simply tie the ends of the mesh, tie them with matting or cloth.

Any construction is considered completed when finishing works are carried out on a turnkey basis. This means that it has been exterior finish of the house, its facade, interior decoration in accordance with the intended design and the necessary engineering communications. In most cases, it is the decoration of the facade of the building that gives it presentable appearance, regardless of the type of house and materials used in construction.

1.What is finishing work?

In general, construction and finishing works are a set of works, with the help of which the following is carried out:

• Decorative design of the facade of a building or room
• Protection of the structures from which the building is built from the influence of the external environment (especially in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region)
• Thermal insulation of the building and individual rooms
• Soundproofing - both the house as a whole and individual rooms
• Provision of the house with the necessary engineering communications, such as plumbing, electrical wiring, ventilation, heated floors, the Internet, etc.

Carrying out finishing works occupies a rather significant place in the overall cycle of building construction and repair of individual premises.

As a rule, repair and finishing work is carried out by specialists, since each type of finish has its own nuances, and they can be mastered only with great experience.

In Chelyabinsk, you can find a lot of companies involved in facade and interior decoration. However, some types of work are quite within the power of any craftsman.

2. Draft and finishing construction and finishing works

It is necessary to separate rough or preliminary work on finishing or repair and finishing work. For example, plastering of brickwork walls can be carried out from the outside and from the inside. In the first case, plastering may be sufficient for the final finishing of the facade of the house, in the second case, subsequent puttying of the walls is necessary. But this can also be considered rough work, if then wallpaper is pasted on the walls.

The same applies to communications - drilling holes, chasing walls for electrical wiring, pouring a concrete screed for the floor, patching holes in the walls or plastering the slopes of window openings.

3. Types of finishing works

There are several main types of finishes, regardless, rough or fine:

1. Plaster work
2. Painting works
3. Floor screed
4. Glazing
5. Facing of buildings and premises
6. Wallpapering
7. Wiring
8. Installation of plumbing, heating systems, etc.
9. flooring
10. Ceiling installation

Let's take a closer look at some of them.

Plastering is the application of special solutions to surfaces that harden and make the coating even, protected from external influences and suitable for fine decoration. They are used at almost every stage of finishing, both external and internal. The roughest is plastering the facade of the house from the outside (for example, under siding), leveling the walls, preparing for puttying, etc. For rough plastering, it is most common to use a conventional cement-sand mortar, as the most inexpensive material. However, for each type of plastering work, depending on its complexity, a lot of ready-made mixtures are produced today.

The same applies to putty, with which the walls and other surfaces of the building are prepared for finishing. Sometimes the putty itself is already a finish, for example, when applying decorative plaster.

When plastering and puttying works are carried out with special tools - trowel, trowel, grout, falcon, etc. In principle, this is the simplest type of finishing work that anyone can master to save money.

Painting work is the application of paint, varnish or other decorative coatings to the treated surfaces (walls, ceiling, floor).

These works are also, as a rule, subject to the master, who knows how to hold the tools in his hands - paint brush, roller, or spray gun. The main thing is accuracy.

You also need to be able to properly prepare the surface for painting - remove chips, scratches, apply special compounds, so that the finish coat is of high quality and durable.

In addition, you need to pay attention to the fact that painting work is considered the most toxic among other finishing works and requires caution and special equipment.

Concrete works that require a fair amount of physical fitness include coupler floor - that is, leveling it for final finishing with a board or laminate.

Typically, flooring mortar is prepared from dry mixes, which are now produced in large assortment. For mixing, as in carrying out plastering, mixtures use special construction mixers.

More complex procedures include glazing of the facade and premises. You need to have the necessary skills, the ability to use a glass cutter, to work carefully to avoid injury. However, modern houses today are most often equipped with plastic windows, the installation of which is best entrusted to specialists from the respective companies.

Facing works, as a rule, are the most creative part of construction. They include the installation of siding, various decorative coatings both outside the facade and inside the building. The cladding can include a mosaic that gives any coating a special aesthetic look, or a tile sticker, which is absolutely necessary in rooms with high humidity - bathrooms, bathrooms, and kitchens.

The most common type of interior decoration from the inside is a wallpaper sticker. Today there are a huge variety of types, colors, textures. The technology for the production of modern wallpaper, their types according to the type of walls today allow pasting even a person who is not very skilled, the main thing is to follow all the instructions and carry out the work carefully.

A special role in the decoration of houses and premises is given to electrical installation. It is better to entrust this type of work to specialists - in order to exclude injuries and, as they say, “everything worked”.

Particularly time-consuming procedures include the installation of plumbing, heating, ventilation systems, installation of a warm floor. As a rule, these works are also entrusted to specialists, but they can be mastered on your own, if you wish. This will save money during repairs and construction, it is only advisable to read the relevant tutorials.

Finishing flooring can also be carried out independently. The main thing is that the floor surface is perfectly flat. Modern views linoleum, laminate, parquet boards allow you to lay the floor quickly enough.

Finishing the ceiling usually comes down to plastering it, puttying and sometimes painting. There are no particular difficulties in carrying out such work. However, today it is widespread stretch ceiling, the installation of which is still better to entrust to specialists.

4.Materials used in finishing works

We have considered the main types of repair and finishing work and have already mentioned some materials for their implementation. They can be broadly classified into:

• Dry mixes for putty, plaster, screed
• Paints and varnishes - primers, paints, dry pigments, drying oil
• Glass plain or tinted
• Floor board, parquet, laminate, linoleum
• Electrical wires, electrical installation materials
• Plumbing, pipes.

5.Conclusion

Thus, finishing works are a very important and necessary stage of any construction and repair.

As a rule, finishing at a cost can reach a third of the cost of the entire construction of a turnkey house. However, at any stage you can save money - if you choose the right organizations, order turnkey finishing works or master certain types of work yourself.

In Chelyabinsk, many companies are engaged in finishing the facade of houses and repairing premises. High-quality work can be carried out in our company "K-Dom".

In any case, the finishing process itself will bring you moral satisfaction if you admire the fruits of your own labor or investment of money. And the more soul and money you put into it, the happier the result will be for you.

Finishing work is the final stage of construction or renovation of buildings. They are performed in order to protect the structures of the house from the effects of the external environment, to create comfortable conditions residence, to give the house a complete look.

Finishing is carried out both inside (internal finishing works) and outside buildings (external finishing works). Finishing materials must comply with sanitary and hygienic standards, withstand destructive mechanical influences, and retain their original appearance for a long time.

Construction of a house or its overhaul includes rough and fine finishing. V rough finish includes work on leveling the surfaces of ceilings, walls, floors; device, if necessary, a "warm floor" system; installation of heating, water supply and sewerage systems; pad electrical wiring; installation of window and door blocks, all types of glazing.

Fine (finishing) finishing is performed after roughing. It includes the following types of work:

• Plumbing installation.
• Laying ceramic tiles.
• Finishing of ceilings and walls - finishing plaster and putty, painting, wallpapering, finishing with decorative panels and artificial stone and other design work.
• Installation of the final floor covering.
• Installation of sockets, switches, installation of hanging furniture and other actions to decorate a house or apartment.

Fine finishing completes the construction or renovation of the house, after its completion, the housing is ready for occupancy and permanent residence.

The main types of finishing works

Depending on the purpose and technological operations, finishing works are classified into plastering, glasswork, painting, facing, wallpapering and finishing floor coverings.

Glass work

Glazing of external window and door openings of buildings is carried out at the first stage of rough finishing. Most of the interior decoration operations cannot be performed without installing windows and doors, since plaster and paint compositions, wallpaper and other finishing materials for internal works not intended for use in drafts and high humidity.

Glazing is done in various ways, but in modern construction, as a rule, they put ready-made double-glazed windows made in the factory. To install glass blocks, it is better to invite a specialized team of workers.

Plaster work

facade plastering, internal walls, ceilings - an obligatory part of the finishing work.

Plaster is applied to protect building surfaces from environmental influences and heat loss, as well as to level the bases for fine finishing.

Plastering works can be divided into two types: wet and dry plastering. Wet, or monolithic plaster is the application of solutions of various plaster mixtures to the surface in order to level or obtain embossed decorative surfaces. Now they produce a lot of dry putty and plaster mixtures, which only need to be diluted with water before application. According to their composition, they are:

• Ordinary. Consisting of a binder and fillers, they are used to level and eliminate differences in the base before subsequent finishing.
• Specialized. They contain special additives and have certain properties - soundproof, waterproof, frost-resistant, heat-insulating and others.
• Decorative. They not only level the surface, but also give it an original relief and color.

Dry plaster is called drywall sheets, with the help of which they perform interior decoration of walls, ceilings, mount partitions between rooms. Drywall looks good in the interior, but it is not recommended to use it for outdoor work, since the material does not have the necessary resistance to atmospheric agents.

Painting works

Painting work is the painting of surfaces for the purpose of protection from the external environment, ensuring sanitary and hygienic requirements, and improving the appearance. Painting paints made on an aqueous or non-aqueous basis.

In the first case, the coloring pigments are bound by cement, glue, lime, liquid glass; in the second - with synthetic resins, bitumen, drying oils, and other natural or synthetic materials. Various solvents give the necessary consistency to the paints.

The quality characteristics of the binder determine the type of paint: oil, adhesive, synthetic. Glue paints are used, as a rule, for the internal surfaces of the building, oil paints - for painting facades, wet rooms, metal structures. Synthetic, water-based, silicate coloring compounds are versatile and suitable for any surface.

The technology of painting works consists of several operations: cleaning surfaces from irregularities, removing dirt and dust, puttying, applying soil, painting in several layers.

Facing works

Facing work consists in finishing facades, exterior and interior walls, ceilings and floors with ceramic tiles, siding panels, ceramic and natural granite, artificial and natural stone and other facing materials.

The cladding technology depends on the characteristics of the surface and on the properties of the material. The general rules for facing are as follows:

• High adhesion (adhesion to the surface). This quality is ensured by the correct selection of the adhesive composition and compliance with the laying conditions for a particular material.
• No voids under facing material, for this it is necessary to level the base well and evenly apply the adhesive mixture.
• The absence of cracks, chips, irregularities, remnants of the frozen solution.
• Seams of the same width and perpendicular to each other. Facing is carried out using levels and other devices that allow you to evenly lay the finishing material.

Facing work begins with the upper surfaces (ceilings, walls), and then proceeds to the arrangement of floor coverings. The exception is sanitary facilities - bathrooms, showers, toilets, garages. In conditions of high humidity, condensation forms on the walls, and water can penetrate into the joints of the ceilings. Therefore, in such rooms, floor tiles are first laid.

wallpaper sticker

Pasting the walls with wallpaper is the final stage of interior decoration, with the exception of painting or varnishing the floors. Market finishing materials saturated with rolled materials of various textures, colors and quality characteristics. Consider the most popular.

paper wallpaper

A common type of wallpaper, the cheapest and easiest to stick. Single-layer wallpaper (simplex) and two-layer wallpaper (duplex) are produced. More often they have a smooth texture, but there are also embossed images. Paper wallpaper is an environmentally friendly material, but they are afraid of moisture, fade, absorb odors. Usually used in living rooms.

Non-woven wallpaper

They are made of non-woven dense fabrics. Much stronger than paper wallpaper, not afraid of moisture, environmentally friendly, do not shrink after sticking, hide minor surface defects. Good for walls and ceilings. If a layer of vinyl is applied to non-woven wallpaper, they can be glued for painting.

Vinyl wallpapers

Available in paper or non-woven backing with foam vinyl backing. Such wallpapers do not fade, they can be washed, painted. On sale there are smooth, embossed wallpapers, as well as silk-screened canvases. Vinyl wallpaper does not allow air to pass through, so it is better not to use it in bedrooms and children's rooms, but in the kitchen and in the hallway such material will be in place.

Elite wallpapers made of natural materials

As a basis for them, paper or interlining is used, and upper layer made from natural materials: bamboo, straw. Veneer, cork, cane and others.

Environmentally friendly materials, they look beautiful on the walls, but they are expensive, they are afraid of moisture and can fade in the sun.

Often, natural wallpaper is glued to one of the walls, which gives the interior an original look.

Textile wallpapers

The front side of the fabric wallpaper is made of silk, cotton, velor, linen and other natural and synthetic materials. Fabric wallpapers are resistant to sunlight, have heat-insulating and sound-proofing properties. Their disadvantages include low stability to moisture, dirt, odors, mechanical damage.

Liquid wallpaper

Liquid wallpaper by appearance similar to decorative plaster. They are made from cellulose with the addition of various fibers, sparkles and natural dyes. Harmless to health, level the walls, create an unusual relief surface.

Due to their high hygroscopicity, they are not recommended for use in wet areas. Sold in the form of dry mixes, which are diluted with water before application.

In addition to those listed above, acrylic, metallized wallpapers, finishing roll materials from fiber glass, photowall-paper and others. Adhesive compositions for each type of wallpaper are selected in accordance with the instructions attached to the batch of material.

Finishing technology varies depending on the type of wallpaper. Before sticking, it is necessary to clean and level the surface, it is better to glue the wallpaper, starting from the window of the room. It is advisable to avoid drafts during operation.

Floor covering device

Finishing flooring flooring completes the finishing work of the house. Diversity modern materials allows you to satisfy the tastes of any buyer. Here are some examples of common floor coverings.

Parquet

The time-tested material has not lost its relevance in our days. Now more often parquet boards are laid from various types of wood: oak, maple, ash, beech. Computer techologies allow you to simulate the laying pattern and carry out original design solutions.

parquet board

For the price, the material compares favorably with parquet. It is made from natural wood in a wide range of color shades. Laying parquet boards is carried out according to the principle of locking. Just like parquet, parquet board lends itself well to repeated scraping, cleaning and varnishing.

Laminate

Reliable material, resistant to scratches and mechanical damage. Its top layer imitates the texture of wood, parquet, ceramic tiles, natural stone - it all depends on the taste and preferences of the customer. During laying, the material is fixed with the help of locking elements provided for by the design of the panels.

In addition to these materials, for finishing flooring use wooden planks, cork flooring, mats, ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, natural or artificial stone slabs, rolled materials (carpet, linoleum).

The technology of laying flooring varies depending on the material chosen. After the installation of the floors, the decoration of the room can be considered complete.

Our offers

The MosKomplekt company performs finishing works for private houses, apartments and public buildings. Turning to us, you will receive a beautiful cozy house, the design of which will meet all the requirements of reliability and environmental safety.

We do not charge for the departure of specialists for measurements and assessment of the conditions of work. Our specialists perform both individual types of work and turnkey finishing of apartments and houses.

The total cost of repair and finishing services depends on many factors and is calculated after clarifying the scope of work. We have affordable prices and an individual approach to each client. Estimated cost of turnkey finishing:

• Cosmetic repairs - from 2,500 rubles / m2.
• Overhaul - from 5,800 rubles / m2.
• Elite renovation (European-style renovation) – from 7,900 rubles/m2.

Finishing is the third and final cycle of the construction of buildings, but its beginning, as a rule, does not coincide with the end of the construction of the building frame, but is shifted to the earliest possible date. The type and quality of finishing works is determined by their purpose and is expressed in decorative and aesthetic, technical or protective and sanitary and hygienic functions. All types of finishing works can be divided into capital and decorative, which are applied in accordance with the requirements for the premises, facade or parts thereof. Capital types of finishes are made of natural and artificial stone, glass and non-ferrous metals. Finishing from less durable materials can be classified as decorative types. The quality of the finish is determined by the degree of evenness and uniformity of the surface, the size of the gaps between the individual elements and some other characteristics. The quality of the finish is set in the project for work with differentiated requirements to quality or control by uniform, standard requirements regardless of the type and purpose of the premises or structure. So plastering and painting works have three types of quality: simple, improved and high quality. All other types of finishing are carried out and controlled according to the uniform requirements for the relevant work, i.e. the quality of tiling, flooring, glazing and false ceilings cannot be performed with a higher or lower level of quality depending on the type of room in which they are performed or the project assignment.

TYPES OF FINISHING WORKS:

1) Surface cladding

Facing is the process of fixing various tiles, panels or sheet materials on walls or ceilings that do not require subsequent finishing (plastering, painting or pasting). For facade cladding, natural and artificial stone, glass and metal are used. Stone and metal can be either part of load-bearing structures or attached to them in various ways. In addition to these, other, less durable materials can be used in interiors: gypsum castings and sheets, plastic, wood and wood-laminated panels. All these materials are fastened with a sticker on various adhesives, mastics and solutions or by hanging on a frame made of a special metal, rarely wooden profile using various fasteners.

2) Glass works At present, sash glazing is usually done by the window filling manufacturer, but at the construction site, the glass is often dismantled and reinstalled. The removal of glass from the bindings is associated with the need to access the assembly elements of the binding of plastic blocks or for the final finishing of wooden blocks. In some cases, glass cutting and glazing can be carried out at the construction site. Window glass is cut by breaking along a line marked with a roller or diamond glass cutter or after a sharp heating along the cut line with a tungsten filament. For glass preparation, a workshop is equipped on the territory of the construction site, where large-sized glass is cut to the specified dimensions in the required quantity. Glass is installed in fully painted, unhinged bindings in one of the rooms on the glazed floor. Since single glass has given way to double-glazed windows today, glazing with glass blanks on the site is almost never used. Double-glazed windows are installed dry at the place of production of window blocks with adjustment of glazing beads and temporary fastening. The method of fastening "on double putty" for double-glazed windows is not applied. The traditional, widely used in housing construction, is the method of glazing "on double putty and glazing beads" (Fig. 66 - b)

a- on double putty; b- on putty and glazing beads; v- on elastic pads and glazing beads. 1 - glass; 2 - the first layer of putty or sealant; 3 - the second layer of putty (sealant); 4 - fixing pin (nail); 5 - elastic gasket; 6 - glazing bead; 7 - fixing the glazing bead with a screw or nail. Today, the following types of window glass are used:

2. reinforced

   Mirror

   Patterned, with a thickness of 2-3 mm.

   The same, with a thickness of 4-6 mm.

   WITH flowed reinforced.

   Glass polished mirror.

   The glass is patterned and corrugated.

3) Plaster work These works are in first place in terms of mass application and labor intensity in the total volume of finishing work. By appointment plasters are divided into ordinary(leveling), special(moisture, heat, X-ray and noise protection) and decorative(not requiring additional finishing). Depending on the degree of "levelness" of the finished surface, there are three types quality for ordinary plasters: simple, improved and high quality and two for special (improved and high quality). A special type is dry plaster, which, according to technological features, can be classified as facing, but according to the purpose and the need for subsequent finishing, it corresponds to the definition of plaster. Thus, according to the materials used, plasters can be mortar or monolithic and dry. Dry plaster It is made from standard gypsum plasterboard (GKL) or gypsum fiber (GVL) sheets, 10 or 12 thick, 1200 millimeters wide. The length of the sheets can be from 1.2 to 3.3m, but the most common sheets on the market are 2.7m long. Monolithic plasters This is a traditional type of plaster used for finishing facades and interiors; it can be classified as a capital type of finishing. Plaster mortars consist of sand, binder, plasticizer and water. The binder can be cement, lime and gypsum. Today, due to its low strength, long setting time and high cost, lime is almost never used as a binder. Surface preparation for plastering. You can plaster almost any surface, but some of them require serious preparation. The most suitable for plastering is the surface of brickwork made of hollow or special embossed bricks. Such a surface requires only cleaning from the influx of masonry mortar and dust. Smoother concrete surfaces, made in high-quality formwork, need to be roughened with a notch or upholstered with metal plaster meshes. Solution application today it is carried out mainly with a mechanized plastering nozzle with the supply of mortar from a mobile plastering station, located directly in the room to be plastered or next to it.

4) Production of painting works 1 - embossed texture - created by different processing of the plastic layer of putty, applied with a thickness of 2-4 mm. to the prepared surface. Today, there are a large number of ready-to-use decorative compositions, with instructions for their application, which allows you to create various options for the texture of the finished surface. On the market, such compositions are often called decorative plasters. Textured compositions are applied with hand trowels or crumblers, and the finish is performed with smooth or embossed rollers. Compositions based on transparent acrylic resins with mineral filler imitate stone-like plaster. A similar texture can be obtained without the use of special decorative compositions; 2 - sand dressing - is carried out by applying dust-free sand in two layers over freshly applied epoxy glue or drying oil. After the glue dries, the surface is painted, and in the case of using colored sand, varnished; 3 - color imitation of wood and stone is achieved by cutting a freshly applied layer of paint with swabs, embossed rollers or brushes; 4 - knurling pattern with embossed rollers, printing with swabs and stencil.

5) Wallpaper works They are carried out by painters simultaneously with painting work at the facility. Preparation for pasting is carried out similarly to preparation for staining. After sticking the wallpaper in the room, you can lay the carpet, install the baseboard and cash on the door frames. Today on the market there is a huge variety of different wallpapers, which, according to technological features, can be reduced to the following types: thin paper; medium density; dense; heavy and linkrust; ceiling and glass wallpaper (embossed fiberglass). The width of the wallpaper is usually 0.5 and 1.0 meters. Thin wallpapers are glued with an overlap, and all others are glued end-to-end (finished). Linkrust and some types of expensive wallpaper are glued with an overlap for precise cutting of the edges (see linoleum fig. 86). All wallpapers before the sticker are cut along the height of the room with a margin of 5 - 6 cm, while the wallpaper with a geometric pattern (rapport) is calculated with the addition to the height of the room of the step size of the pattern to all panels, except for the first one. This is necessary for the possibility of combining the pattern in adjacent panels. All types of wallpaper, except for glass and ceiling wallpaper, are smeared with glue immediately before the sticker. The base is glued in advance and must be completely dry by the beginning of the wallpapering. Prior to the beginning of the sticker, the position of the first edge of the panel must be marked on the surface with a vertical line. The corners are covered with a cloth by about 50 mm. A large overlap can lead to wrinkling of the wallpaper. All wallpaper adhesives produced today are based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with various additives. Dissolved in water, glue of the consistency of thick jelly is applied to the panel cut to size with a brush or roller. The prepared cloth is folded in three layers, served to the painter - sticker, standing on the scaffold or ladder-ladder and glued from the ceiling to the floor. Air bubbles are squeezed out with a soft rubber roller from the middle to the edges with simultaneous correction of the joint of the panels. Properly selected and applied glue allows you to move the panel along the base by 5 - 10 mm. within 2 - 3 minutes. During the production of work, the humidity in the room rises significantly, but it is impossible to ventilate the rooms. Otherwise, the wallpaper paper will dry faster than the glue, which will cause the panels to shrink and the seams to open. Cutting the edges of the joints and stock is performed before the glue dries, after which the edges are bent and additionally coated with glue. Ceiling wallpapers are made of materials that have minimal deformation when humidity changes, which allows them to be glued without moisture, i.e. glue is applied not to the wallpaper, but to the surface to be glued. At the same time, wallpaper is simply rolled out of a roll and pressed with a roller.

6) Installation of suspended ceilings The need for suspended ceilings is due not only to decorative, acoustic and thermal properties, but also to the possibility of placing overall ventilation pipelines and numerous electrical wiring in an easily accessible space. Given the low cost of materials and work on the installation of ceilings, the popularity of this type of finish becomes clear. The most common today are modular slab ceilings on a light metal frame filled with acoustic mineral wool boards, plasterboard for subsequent finishing and plastic multi-hollow panels
Figure 78. The design of a plasterboard suspended ceiling on a metal single-level (A) and two-level frame (B).

The ceiling installation begins with applying a clean ceiling level to the walls, using optical or laser levels, a water level or a large mounting level for this.

7) Floor arrangement During operation, floor coverings are subjected to a wide variety of loads, depending on the type of room, hence the requirements for floors: strength, resistance to abrasion, crushing from impact and prolonged pressure, resistance to chemicals, evenness and smoothness of the coating, a given slope, appropriate heat and sound insulation , the possibility of cleaning and antibacterial, elasticity, decorativeness and durability. These qualities are provided not only by coatings, but also by other underlying elements and layers of the floor. The name of the floor is determined by its coating or clean floor, under it there is a layer that redistributes the load or connects the coating with the underlying layers. Further, there may be a leveling or reinforcing screed, heat and sound insulation, vapor or waterproofing and a supporting base in the form of a ceiling or reinforced soil. In some types of floors, some of the listed elements are missing. According to the method of production and the materials used, monolithic, piece and roll coatings are distinguished. Monolithic ones include concrete, cement, polymer cement or bulk, terrazzo, mosaic and xylolite. Pieces include: plank, block, parquet (type-setting, panel, parquet boards, laminate), ceramic tiles, natural and artificial stone, end checker and cast iron plates. Roll: natural and polyvinyl chloride linoleum (PVC coatings), rubber (relin), carpets and flotex.

Kinds:

Screed device - The most common are monolithic reinforcing and leveling screeds. Reinforcing are performed on top of insulation or crushed stone from a cement-sand mortar. Monolithic concrete floors - They are arranged in industrial and utility rooms in one layer on a rigid base from an ordinary concrete solution. The thickness of the coating is determined by the project depending on the design loads and can range from 30 to 200 mm. Under heavy loads, such a floor is additionally reinforced by placing the reinforcement in the middle of the thickness of the concrete layer. Terrazzo and monolithic mosaic floor These floors are installed in public areas with high traffic: lobbies, distribution halls, corridors, trading floors, etc. Floors made of stone and ceramic tiles Are arranged on the strong, rigid bases in rooms of different function. Plank floor installation The use of these floors has a long history and is justified today in many cases by the simplicity of design, environmental friendliness, decorative and tactile characteristics of natural wood. Block floor It is used in rooms with a high dynamic load, such as sports and gyms. It is carried out, as a rule, on lags-beds on the sand on floor slabs, similar to a plank floor. Parquet floor installation Today, this type of flooring includes, in addition to traditional typesetting, also parquet boards, boards and laminated panels. Floors from roll materials They are usually made of synthetic pile or smooth materials. Smooth coatings include natural and PVC linoleum, and relin (rubber linoleum). Carpets They can be laid by continuous gluing to the base or stretched on toothed rails (grippers) fixed around the perimeter of the room. In both cases, in contrast to PVC coatings, seam welding is performed before the coating is fixed to the base.