"SNiP 31-06-2009 (Updated edition of SNiP 2.08.02-89*) BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES PUBLIC ..."
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SNiP 31-06-2009
(Updated version of SNiP 2.08.02-89*)
BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND WORKS
Introduction date 2010-01-01
FOREWORD
SNiP 31-06-2009 is an updated version of SNiP 2.08.02-89*, approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia dated September 1, 2009 N 390 and comes into force on January 1, 2010.
INSTEAD OF SNiP 2.08.02-89*.
The amendment was made by the database manufacturer. INTRODUCTION Sections 3, 5-7 and 9 of these standards contain requirements that correspond to the objectives of technical regulations and are subject to mandatory compliance, taking into account part 1 of Article 46 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation". Section 8 of these standards contains requirements that correspond to the objectives of the Federal Law "On Energy Saving".
The updating was carried out by the team of authors: JSC "Institute of Public Buildings" (head of the theme - Candidate of Architects A.M. Garnets; Candidate of Architects L.A. Smyvina, engineer L.V. Sigacheva); State Unitary Enterprise "MNIIP Mosproekt-4" (Doctor of Architect A.V. Anisimov); Federal State Unitary Enterprise "TsNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko (Ph.
tech. Sciences V.N. Siegern-Korn); OJSC "CNS" (candidate architect L.A. Viktorova); CJSC "Giprozdrav Research and Production Center for Health and Recreation Facilities" (candidate architect L.F. Sidorkova, techn.
M.V. Tolmacheva); MGSU (Doctor of Engineering Sciences V.V. Kholshchevnikov); State Unitary Enterprise "Mosproekt-2 im.
M.V. Posokhin" (architect A.G. Lokshin); OJSC "MosOtis" (engineer S.M. Roitburd); FGUP "VNII Physical Culture" (architect Yu.G. Zhura); NPF "Potok Inter "(engineer A.V. Nagolkin); SUE "MNIITEP" (engineer V.A. Ionin).
1 area of use
1.1. These rules and regulations apply to the design of new, reconstructed and overhauled public buildings up to 55 m high * with a basement and multi-level parking lots designed according to SNiP 21-02. The requirements of these norms also apply to public premises built into residential buildings and other objects that meet the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for public buildings built into these objects (hereinafter referred to as public buildings).
* Hereinafter, except for specially stipulated cases, the height of the building is determined by the height of the upper floor, not counting the upper technical floor, and the height of the floor is determined by the difference in elevations of the passage surface for fire engines and the lower boundary of the opening opening (window) in the outer wall.
1.2. For public premises built into residential buildings and built-in attached to them, the requirements of SNiP 31-01 should also be taken into account.
1.3. Placement in public buildings and structures of premises for other purposes is allowed subject to compliance with environmental, sanitary-epidemiological and safety requirements corresponding to public buildings.
1.4. The provisions of these standards should be observed when designing buildings and premises of institutions and enterprises of various forms of ownership and various organizational and legal forms.
1.5. A list of the main groups of buildings and public premises to which these rules and regulations apply is given in Appendix A.
1.6. The terms used in the text and their definitions are given in Appendix B.
1.7. These standards do not apply to the design of seasonal and mobile buildings and structures for public purposes.
3. General requirements
3.1. Planning and equipment of buildings, groups of premises or individual premises, as well as sections of public institutions intended for direct service to the population and accessible, in accordance with the design assignment, for the disabled and other groups of visitors with limited mobility (spectators, buyers, students, etc.) .), must comply with the requirements of SNiP 35-01, as well as SP 35-101 and SP 35-103.
3.2. The rules for calculating the total, usable and estimated area, building volume, building area and number of storeys of buildings are given in Appendix D.
3.3. The clean height of the premises (from floor to ceiling) is accepted for public buildings, as a rule, at least 3 m. For educational premises of educational institutions, the clean height is at least 3.6 m; in crowded buildings, it is allowed to take a floor height from floor to floor of 3.6 m.
The height of the premises, determined by the functional processes, should be set in accordance with the relevant technological standards and requirements.
In rooms and corridors that are auxiliary to functional processes, depending on the space-planning solution of buildings and technological requirements, a corresponding decrease in height is allowed. In this case, the height must be at least 2.2 m.
The height of built-in public premises with a total capacity of up to 40 people, and retail trade enterprises with a trading area of up to 250 m2, is allowed to be taken according to the height of the floor of a residential building where they are built.
3.4. The height of the technical floor is determined depending on the type of engineering equipment placed in it, engineering networks and the optimal conditions for their operation.
The height in the places of passage of service personnel to the bottom of the protruding structures must be at least 1.8 m.
In the technical floor (technical underground), intended to accommodate only engineering networks with pipelines and pipeline insulation made of non-combustible materials, the height from floor to ceiling must be at least 2.1 m.
3.5. The floor mark of the premises at the entrance to the building should, as a rule, be higher than the mark of the sidewalk in front of the entrance by at least 0.15 m.
It is allowed to take the floor mark at the entrance to the building less than 0.15 m (including the depth below the sidewalk mark), provided that the premises are protected from precipitation.
3.6. The list of premises of public buildings that are allowed to be located in the basement and basement floors is given in Appendix D.
3.7. In separate public buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be provided in accordance with the design assignment.
3.8. In public buildings, elevators, escalators, passenger conveyors (travolators), lifting platforms for the disabled, as well as other devices for vertical transportation, taking into account the technology of the design object, can be used as means of vertical transport.
3.9. Passenger elevators are provided:
in public buildings - when the floor of the upper floor is 9.9 m or more from the level of the first floor;
in sanatoriums and sanatoriums; in hotels, camp sites and motels of the category "three stars" - with a mark of the floor of the upper floor of 6.6 m or more from the level of the first floor;
in the buildings of hospitals and maternity hospitals, outpatient clinics; in the buildings of social service institutions, as well as in hotels and motels of the categories "five stars" and "four stars" - at any height of the building.
It is allowed not to provide for the installation of an elevator when adding an attic floor to an existing building.
Hospital elevators should be provided:
in buildings of hospitals (excluding the administrative building), maternity hospitals, hospices, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers; in boarding houses for the disabled, in sanatoriums and sanatoriums with the location of ward (residential) departments on the 2nd floor and above, including the floor to which patients are transported to move to other buildings.
Passenger elevators may not be installed if the design and control system of hospital elevators are also adapted for transporting passenger flows, and their number is sufficient for calculating the carrying capacity of these elevators.
The need to install freight elevators and other means of vertical transport not specified in this paragraph should be provided in accordance with the technological requirements.
3.10. If there are premises in a public building on the second floor (level) and above, intended, among other things, for serving the disabled, passenger elevators or lifting devices for the disabled should be designed in accordance with SNiP 35-01.
3.11. The number of passenger elevators should be set by calculation, but not less than two.
It is allowed to replace the second elevator with a freight one, in which it is allowed to transport people, if, according to the calculation of vertical transport in the building, it is enough to install one passenger elevator.
One of the elevators in the building (passenger or cargo) must have a cabin depth of at least 2100 mm in order to be able to transport a person on an ambulance stretcher.
3.12. The distance from the doors of the most remote room to the door of the nearest passenger elevator should be no more than 60 m.
The width of the elevator hall of passenger elevators must be at least:
with a single-row arrangement of elevators - with an elevator cabin depth of up to 1.5 m - 2.0 m, over 1.5 to 2.0 m - 2.5 m, over 2.0 m - 1.3 elevator cabin depths;
with a two-row arrangement with a common elevator hall - twice the smallest cabin depth, but not more than 5 m.
In front of elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more, the width of the elevator hall must be at least 2.5 m.
3.13. Ventilation chambers, elevator shafts and engine rooms, pump rooms, engine rooms of refrigeration units, heating points and other rooms with equipment that are a source of noise and vibration, as a rule, should not be located adjacent to, above and below the auditorium and rehearsal rooms, stages, sound equipment rooms, reading rooms, wards, doctors' offices, operating rooms, rooms with children staying in children's institutions, educational rooms, work rooms and offices with a permanent stay of people, living quarters located in public buildings.
Adjacent placement of these premises is permissible provided that they provide standard levels of sound pressure and vibration.
3.14. In public buildings, it is necessary to provide drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.01 and Appendix I.
3.15. In public buildings, heating, ventilation or air conditioning systems should be provided that provide the appropriate temperature, humidity, air purification and disinfection.
Heating, ventilation, air conditioning of public buildings should be designed in accordance with SNiP 41-01, SanPiN 2.1.3.1375, SP 2.5.1198, GOST 30494, GOST R ISO 14644.4, GOST R 52539 and the requirements of these standards.
3.16. In public buildings, electrical equipment, electric lighting, a telephone network with access to public telephone networks, a television and radio broadcasting reception network, and a wired broadcasting network should be provided.
During a feasibility study, as well as in accordance with the design assignment, building complexes, individual buildings or premises are equipped with electric clock installations, a security alarm system, informatization and sound systems, automation and dispatching systems for engineering equipment of buildings and other types of devices.
Fire alarm and fire warning systems must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 3.13130 and SP 5.13130.
Buildings of preschool educational institutions, schools, boarding schools for the disabled and the elderly, homes for disabled children must be equipped with an automatic fire alarm information transmission channel to the fire department.
3.17. When designing premises in public buildings equipped with video display terminals, PCs and other computer equipment, the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340 and the possibility of accessing the Internet should be taken into account.
3.18. Electrical devices of public buildings, and, if necessary, backup power supplies should be designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 31-110, GOST R 50571.28 and the Electrical Installation Rules.
3.19. Lightning protection of public buildings is carried out taking into account the presence of television antennas and pipe racks of a telephone network or a wired broadcasting network in accordance with SO 153 Domestic gas supply systems for public buildings should be provided in accordance with SNiP 42-01.
Installation of gas equipment in the kitchens of preschool educational institutions, canteens and cafes of theaters and cinemas is not allowed.
In medical institutions, centralized medical gas supply should be provided in accordance with GOST 12.2.052, OST 290.004 * and PB 03-576.
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* Replaced by STO 002.09964.01-2006. - Database manufacturer's note.
3.21. Through openings in buildings and structures at the ground or first floor level (pedestrian and other passages or driveways) not intended for the passage of fire engines, it is permissible to make any configuration, subject to the height required for unhindered passage or passage.
Through passages in buildings should be taken at least 3.5 m wide (clearly) and at least 4.25 m high.
3.22. The sizes of land plots of public buildings, as well as the norms for calculating institutions and service enterprises are accepted in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01.
Plots of public buildings, residential and other buildings should be located within the red lines established in the planning projects developed on the basis of master plans and rules for land use and development of settlements.
3.23. In buildings of I, II and III climatic regions and IV climatic subdistrict, at all external entrances to the lobby and stairwells, vestibules with a depth of at least 1.2 m and a width equal to the width of the front door plus at least 0.3 m should be provided on the ground floor. Vestibules should have natural light.
Entrances to buildings in climatic subregions Ia, Ib and Ig should have vestibules, the layout and placement of which should provide for the possibility of arranging both a direct (through) passage into the building and a side (with a turn).
3.24. Roofs should be designed taking into account the following requirements:
Up to two floors inclusive - an unorganized drain with the obligatory arrangement of canopies over the entrances and balconies of the second floor, the removal of the cornice must be at least 0.6 m;
Up to five floors inclusive - an external organized drain must be provided;
Six or more floors - an internal drain must be arranged.
On the roof of buildings above 10 m, a fence should be provided in accordance with GOST 25772.
3.25. The design of public buildings and structures that have parameters outside these standards and requirements, as well as in the absence of technological standards for their design, is carried out according to special technical conditions in accordance with the established procedure.
4. Requirements for the main premises
4.1. The composition of the premises and their areas are determined in accordance with the technology of functional processes of the relevant types of public buildings and in accordance with the design standards given in these standards.
4.2. The reduction in the norms of areas established for individual premises or groups of premises should not exceed 10%; and for premises built into residential buildings - 15%.
The indicated decrease in the norms should not worsen the process of activity in these premises.
4.3. In preschool educational institutions (hereinafter - preschool educational institutions), the composition and area of \u200b\u200bthe main premises of a complete group cell (for general institutions), as well as small group cells, are taken according to table 4.1. The areas of the main premises of preschool institutions of a compensating type, taking into account the type of disease, should be taken according to SanPiN 2.4.1.1249.
Table 4.1
– – –
4.4. Group cells of different age groups of preschool educational institutions should be placed separately from each other and other premises.
Dressing rooms for preschool groups located on the second or third floor may be provided on the first floor.
4.5. In buildings of preschool educational institutions in 1A, 1B and 1G climatic sub-areas, heated walking verandas should be provided for one place, at least, m:
1.8 - for toddlers;
2 - for preschool children.
Walking verandas for toddlers and preschool children should be separate.
4.6. There must be at least two dispersed evacuation exits from each group cell.
4.7. The area of premises for groups of short-term stay of preschool children at residential buildings (preparatory for school and walking groups) should be taken for each group: group - 40 m, dressing room - 18 m, toilet - 16 m, pantry - 3.8 m.
The structure of the premises should also include a room (dressing room) for personnel with a restroom.
4.8. In a preschool educational institution of a general type, two halls should be provided: one for music, the other for physical education, with an area of at least 100 m2 each. In a preschool educational institution with a capacity of up to 5 groups (100 seats), inclusive, one common room for music and physical education is allowed. Halls should not be walk-through.
4.9. The dimensions of the pool baths in a general preschool educational institution should be 3-4 m wide, 6-7 m long. The water depth should be from 0.6 to 0.8 m.
4.10. Educational sections for the 1st grade and 2-4 grades should be separate and impassable for students of other age groups.
4.11. The areas of the main educational premises of general educational institutions (hereinafter referred to as schools), institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, institutions of higher professional education (hereinafter referred to as higher educational institutions) should be taken according to table 4.2.
Table 4.2
– – –
Laboratories and offices of vocational and special profile:
in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education 2.4*
– – –
Audiences with number of seats:
12-15 2.5 25 2.2 30 1.8 in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education 1.2 50-150 in higher educational institutions and educational complexes:
– – –
Workshops for labor training and socially useful work 7.5 (except for training and production workshops) in schools * The total area of the laboratory must additionally include an area for placing technological equipment according to the profile of education.
Note - The area of classrooms not listed in Table 4.2 is set by the design task.
4.12. When designing educational premises of educational institutions equipped with computer technology, one should be guided by SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340 and SanPiN 2.4.2.1178. It is necessary to provide for the exit of the local computer network of the building to the global computer network (Internet).
4.13. Bedrooms in boarding schools and boarding schools at schools should be provided with an area of at least 4 m2 per student.
The area of the bedroom - playroom for students of the first grade of schools should be taken at the rate of at least 2.5 m2 per student.
4.14. In school buildings, medical facilities should be provided, the composition and area of \u200b\u200bwhich are established in the design assignment.
4.15. The area of administrative premises of public buildings should be taken according to SNiP 31-05. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that at least 6 m2 should fall on one employee in these premises, excluding the area intended for the placement of office equipment.
4.16. Laboratory and industrial premises of technical and natural direction in educational and administrative buildings should be designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 31-03.
4.17. The capacity of the wards of medical institutions should be no more than 4 beds.
The capacity of wards for newborns, postoperative, resuscitation and intensive care wards should be no more than 12 beds.
The approximate area in the wards of medical institutions from two beds or more should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per 1 bed according to table 4.3.
– – –
– – –
Orthopedotraumatological, neurosurgical, burn, 10 radiological, rehabilitation treatment, etc. for patients moving with the help of wheelchairs
– – –
Medico-social (in nursing homes and departments and 14 hospices) Rehabilitation, neurosurgery, 12 orthopedic trauma, burns, radiology and wheelchair wards
– – –
4.18. Procedural X-ray rooms, rooms and rooms of radiation therapy departments, in which sources of ionizing radiation are located, rooms of radioisotope diagnostics laboratories, where work of classes I and II is carried out, is not allowed to be placed adjacent (horizontally or vertically) with wards for pregnant women and children.
4.19. The calculated indicator of the area of living rooms in sanatoriums, sanatoriums and recreation facilities for one place should be taken according to table 4.5.
Table 4.5
– – –
The area of the living room must be at least 12 m2.
4.20. The area of the auditoriums should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per seat, not less than, m, for:
– – –
clubs - 0.65;
theaters, concert and universal halls - 0.7;
small, chamber theaters - 0.9.
The area of the auditorium with balconies, boxes and tiers should be determined within the enclosing structures:
for cinemas - including stage;
for clubs, theatres, concert and multi-purpose halls - up to the front edge of the stage, stage, proscenium, arena or orchestra pit barrier.
The height of the level of the stage floor (proscenium, stage) above the floor level of the first row of seats in halls with a horizontal floor should be no more than 1.1 m.
4.21. The area of the conference halls should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per seat, not less than, m:
in halls up to 150 seats:
with music stands by the chairs - 1.25;
without music stands - 1.1;
in halls for 150 or more seats:
with music stands by the chairs - 1.1;
without music stands - 1.0.
4.22. The area of the assembly hall (excluding the stage) should be taken according to the calculated index per one seat, not less than, m2:
in general educational institutions, in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education - 0.65;
in higher educational institutions - 0.8.
4.23. The area of the foyer should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per one seat in the halls, not less than, m:
at assembly halls of institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, cinema halls and sports and entertainment halls - 0.4;
in theaters, clubs, concert halls, assembly halls of higher educational institutions - 0.6;
in cinemas - 0.55;
in cinemas with a universal hall - 0.7;
in children's cinemas - 0.8.
Recreations of educational institutions are designed at the rate of 2 m per student, as a rule, in the form of halls. Recreation facilities of primary and secondary vocational education institutions are designed at the rate of 0.6 m per student, and in higher educational institutions and educational complexes - 0.5 m per student.
4.24. The parameters of the cinema screen and the auditorium in cultural and entertainment institutions when equipped with cinema installations are given in Appendix E.
4.25. It is recommended to take the volume of auditoriums and auditoriums for one seat, not less than, m:
drama theaters - 4-5;
cinemas - 4-6;
– – –
musical drama theaters and theaters of musical comedy - 5-7;
opera and ballet theaters - 6-8;
audiences - 4-5;
concert halls - according to the design assignment.
Note - Depending on the space-planning solution of the hall, it is allowed to increase or decrease the indicated values by 20%, and with the application of appropriate engineering solutions - by more than 20%.
4.26. The placement of assembly and sports halls of educational institutions, their total area, as well as the set of premises for club work should be specified, depending on local conditions, based on the possibility of serving the population with these premises.
4.27. The total area of physical culture and sports halls and premises (excluding auxiliary premises for them) should be taken based on one student, not less than, m:
basic and complete secondary school - 0.9;
educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education educational institutions of postgraduate education - 0.2.
The dimensions and arrangement of sports halls and ancillary facilities for them are determined in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.2.1178, SanPiN 2.1.2.1188, parts 1 and 2 of SP 31-112.
The need for a swimming pool and an athletics arena is established by the design task.
4.28. The area of the reading room in the public libraries of the centralized library system should be taken at least 2.4 m2 per reading place (when the reading room is equipped with single or double tables).
4.29. The area of indoor storage of library collections and archival documents should be at least 2.5 m2 per 1000 storage units.
The area of the open access fund area of the reading rooms and the subscription must be at least 4.5 m2 per 1000 storage units.
4.30. The total area of the library of educational institutions should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per student (student), not less, m:
in schools and institutions of primary vocational education - 0.6;
in institutions of secondary vocational education - 0.8;
in higher education institutions:
technical profile - 1.1;
humanitarian and medical profile - 1.3;
culture - 2.3.
4.31. The area of the dining hall (without a distributing room) should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per one seat in the hall, not less than, m:
in schools (per 1/3 of the number of students, teachers, administration):
– – –
for 80 or more seats in the hall - 0.7;
in institutions of primary vocational education - 0.8;
in institutions of secondary vocational education - 1.3;
at higher educational institutions - 1.8;
at hospitals for the rehabilitation treatment of orthopedic and neurological profiles, at social institutions with disabled people in wheelchairs - 2.5;
at medical and social institutions with a hospital - 1.2;
in restaurants - 1.8;
the same, with a stage and a dance floor - 2.0;
in public canteens - 1.8;
in cafes, snack bars and beer bars - 1.6;
in cafes, fast food and non-alcoholic bars, in tourist huts and shelters - 1.4;
in children's health camps (summer) and health camps for high school students - 1.0;
in sanatorium children's health camps - 1.4;
in sanatoriums, sanatoriums, rest houses (boarding houses), recreation centers, youth camps, tourist bases:
at self-service (including a distributing line) - 1.8;
when served by waiters - 1.4.
The area of dining halls in specialized catering establishments should be taken according to the design assignment.
4.32. In public buildings, the vestibule is accepted - 0.2-0.3 m, and the wardrobe - 0.15 m per calculated visitor.
4.33. Sanitary facilities should be provided separately for service personnel, workers, etc., as well as for visitors, spectators, etc. For the calculation of sanitary appliances, the ratio of men and women is assumed to be 1:1, unless otherwise specified in the design assignment.
4.34. The design load on one sanitary appliance is assigned depending on the type of public building:
men - 1 toilet for: 20 to 30 people. (for employees, schoolchildren), from 50 to 60 people. (for visitors); 1 urinal for: 15 to 18 people (for employees), from 50 to 80 people. (for visitors), 0.5 tray urinal (for 30 students); 1 washbasin for 4 toilets (but not less than 1 per lavatory);
women - 1 toilet per: no more than 15 people. (for employees), 20 people (for schoolgirls); from 25 to 30 people (for visitors); 1 washbasin for 2 toilets (but at least 1 per lavatory).
Notes: 1. The specific number of devices is specified depending on the purpose of the institution. 2. A set of additional sanitary appliances and their throughput in the buildings of preschool educational institutions, hospitals of medical and social institutions, in sports and sports facilities are established by the technological task.
4.35. In women's restrooms for those working in a public building, for artists and staff of a spectator or club complex, in dormitories of educational institutions, dormitories of boarding schools, a hygienic shower, bidet or other hygienic equipment is additionally provided. It should be placed in the same cubicle together with the toilet.
4.36. Restrooms in public buildings and structures (except for outdoor sports facilities) should be located at a distance not exceeding 75 m from the most remote place of permanent residence of people.
On open plane sports facilities, ski and rowing bases, etc.
the distance from the places of practice or the most remote place in the stands for spectators to the restrooms should not exceed 150 m.
For seasonal use of buildings or open structures in non-sewered areas, special places should be allocated for the installation of dry closets.
4.37. At the wards of hospitals of medical and social institutions, approximate sanitary facilities should be provided. The doors of the bathrooms can open both into the sluice at the ward, and directly into the ward.
4.38. Buildings should provide facilities for storing, cleaning and drying cleaning equipment, equipped with a hot and cold water supply system and, as a rule, adjacent to latrines. The area of these premises should be taken at the rate of 0.8 m for every 100 m of floor area, but not less than 4 m.
5. Ensuring reliability and safety during operation
5.1. The building must be erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the possibility of injury to visitors and workers in it when moving inside and around the building, when entering and exiting the building, as well as when using its moving parts and engineering equipment.
5.2. At the request of the customer-developer, the documentation for buildings must additionally include an instruction manual. It should contain the requirements and provisions necessary to ensure the safety of buildings and structures during operation, including information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden frame elements, hidden electrical wiring and engineering networks, as well as limit values for loads on building structural elements and to its power grid. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation.
5.3. The use of steps with different parameters of height and depth within the march is not allowed.
5.4. It is allowed to provide in buildings of all degrees of fire resistance in all climatic regions as a second emergency exit external open stairs (stairs of the 3rd type) with a slope of not more than 45 °. These stairs used for evacuation from the second floor in preschool buildings (except for preschool buildings, schools and boarding schools for children with disabilities of physical and mental development, hospitals in medical institutions) should be provided with a slope of no more than 30 °.
It is allowed to arrange external open stairs to a height of up to the 3rd floor inclusive. Stairs should be located no closer than 1 m from window openings, not counting the window with the door, at floor exits to the stairs.
The width of such stairs must be at least 0.8 m, and the width of the solid treads of their steps must be at least 0.2 m.
5.5. The size of the entrance area in front of the outer door to the building for visitors should be at least 1.5 times the width of the outer door leaf in the direction of travel.
External stairs and platforms (used by visitors) with a height of more than 0.45 m from the level of sidewalks at the entrances to buildings must have railings.
5.6. The slope of flights of stairs in the above-ground floors should be taken, as a rule, 1:2.
It is allowed in buildings with elevators for the second staircase not used constantly. It is allowed in buildings with elevators for the second staircase not used constantly by visitors, to use a slope no steeper than 45°.
The slope of flights of stairs leading to the basement and basement floors, to the attic, as well as stairs in the above-ground floors, not intended for evacuation of people and use by visitors, is allowed to be 1: 1.5.
The slope of the ramps on the routes of movement of people should not exceed:
inside the building, structure - 1:6;
outside - 1:8;
on the ways of movement of disabled people in wheelchairs, including in hospitals of medical institutions - from 1:10 to 1:12.
Note - In the auditoriums in the aisles and at the entrance to the row, steps of 0.2x0.2 m in size are allowed.
5.7. The slope of the grandstand stairs for spectators of outdoor or indoor sports facilities should not exceed 1:1.6, and if there are handrails at a height of at least 0.9 m along the escape routes along the grandstand stairs (or other devices that replace them) - 1:1, 4.
The presence of stairs or steps in the hatches on the escape routes is not allowed.
5.8. The width of the flight of stairs in public buildings must be at least the width of the exit to the staircase from the most populated floor, but not less than, m:
1.35 - for stairs of buildings with more than 100 people staying in the most populated floor, as well as for club buildings, cinemas and medical institutions, regardless of the number of seats;
1,2 - for stairs of other buildings, as well as in the buildings of cinemas, clubs leading to rooms not related to the stay of spectators and visitors in them, and in buildings of medical institutions leading to rooms not intended for staying or visiting patients;
0.9 - for stairs leading to a room with up to 5 people simultaneously staying in it.
The width of flights of stairs in the buildings of educational, educational-laboratory and lecture-auditorium higher educational institutions must be at least 1.5 m.
The width of the landings must be at least the width of the march. An intermediate platform in a straight flight of stairs must have a depth of at least 1 m.
When installing heating radiators on landings at any height, the standard width and height of the passage must be ensured.
5.9. Drops less than three steps high (with a step height of at least 0.12 m) and thresholds higher than 0.05 m are not allowed in the floor on the movement paths. A ramp with a slope that should not exceed 1:6 should be provided for lower drops.
5.10. If the difference in floor elevations is more than 1 m in one or in adjacent rooms (not separated by a partition), along the perimeter of the upper level, it is necessary to provide a fence with a height of at least 0.9 m or another device that excludes the possibility of people falling, in rooms with children - up to 1.1 m. This requirement does not apply to the side of the stage board facing the auditorium.
5.11. The number of lifts in one flight between platforms (with the exception of curved stairs) must be at least 3 and not more than 16. In single-flight stairs, as well as in one flight of two- and three-flight stairs within the ground floor, no more than 18 lifts are allowed.
5.12. The height of the railings of stairs, balconies, outdoor galleries of terraces and in other places of dangerous height differences must be at least 0.9 m.
Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to absorb loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.
Fences in the buildings of preschool educational institutions and on the floors of schools and educational buildings of boarding schools, where the premises of the first classes are located, as well as children's clinics and hospitals must meet the following requirements:
the height of the railings of stairs used by children must be at least 1.5 m, and in preschool institutions for children with mental disabilities - 1.8 or 1.5 m with a continuous net fence;
in the railing of the stairs, the vertical elements must have a clearance of no more than 0.1 m (horizontal divisions in the railings are not allowed);
the height of the porch railing when climbing three or more steps should be 0.8 m.
5.13. If the estimated width of stairs, passages or hatches in the stands of outdoor and indoor sports facilities is more than 2.5 m, dividing handrails should be provided at a height of at least 0.9 m. If the estimated width of the hatch or stairs is less than 2.5 m for hatches or stairs with width of more than 2.5 m, the device of dividing rails is not required.
5.14. The height of the handrails of flights of stairs should be 0.9 m. The height of the handrails in the buildings of preschool educational institutions and other institutions serving preschool children should be 0.5 m.
5.15. In the stands of sports facilities, if the difference in floor elevations of adjacent rows is more than 0.55 m, a fence with a height of at least 0.8 m should be installed along the passage of each visual row, not interfering with visibility.
5.16. On balconies and tiers of sports and auditoriums in front of the first row, the height of the barrier must be at least 0.8 m.
Barriers should be provided with devices that prevent objects from falling down.
5.17. In theater buildings, in the complex of stage service premises, at least two stairs in closed staircases with natural light, with access to the attic and roof, and two grate stairs connected with working galleries and grates should be provided. Smoke-free staircases can be without natural light.
5.18. The largest number of people simultaneously staying on the floor, when calculating the escape routes, must be determined based on the estimated capacity of the premises on this floor, in which visitors (students, spectators, etc.) can be.
5.19. Width of exit doors from classrooms with an estimated number of students of more than 15 people. must be at least 0.9 m.
5.20. Communication paths in buildings should ensure safe (timely and unimpeded) evacuation of people along them in the event of a fire.
When designing halls, the required evacuation time (to ensure its timeliness), taking into account their volume and distances from the most remote point of the hall to the nearest evacuation exit, should be taken from tables 5.1a and 5.1b.
Table 5.1a
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* For intermediate volumes, the required evacuation time should be determined by interpolation.
Notes:
1. The required time for the evacuation of people from balconies, as well as from stands located above the mark equal to half the height of the room, is halved compared to the data given in the table.
2. The time of evacuation of people from the halls and foyers or corridors serving the halls is taken equal to the required time for the evacuation of people from the halls, given in the table, increased by 1 min. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the evacuation of people from the halls and foyers or corridors begins at the same time.
3. The required time for the evacuation of people from the premises of buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, given in the table, is reduced by 30%, and from the premises of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance - by 50%.
The required evacuation time directly outside from buildings of I-III degrees of fire resistance with the halls listed in Table 5.1b should be taken:
5 min - for buildings up to 17 m high inclusive;
10 min - for buildings over 17 to 28 m high.
Evacuation routes for spectators from these halls and beyond should be designed in accordance with the data given in Appendix G.
The evacuation time through smoke-free staircases is not standardized.
5.21. The distance from the doors of the most remote premises of public buildings, and in the preschool educational institution - from the exit from the group cell (except for latrines, washrooms, smoking rooms, showers and other service rooms) to the exit to the outside, to the stairwell or to the stairs of the 3rd type should be no more than specified in table 5.2.
Table 5.2
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* Distances for this group of buildings are given with an evacuation time of no more than 1 minute. For other cases, it is necessary to carry out a safety check for people according to paragraph 6.4 of these standards.
Note - If there is automatic fire extinguishing and (or) automatic smoke removal in rooms and (or) automatic smoke removal in corridors, halls, recreations, etc. the distances indicated in the table and the required evacuation time may be increased by 1.5 times.
The distances given in table 5.2 should be taken for buildings: preschool educational institutions - in column 6; schools, institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education - in column 3; hospitals of medical institutions according to column 5; hotels - according to column 4. For other public buildings, the density of the human flow in the corridor is determined by the project.
The capacity of rooms facing a dead-end corridor or hall should be no more than 80 people. The capacity of the premises facing the dead-end corridor or hall of the buildings of schools, primary and secondary vocational education institutions of I-III degrees of fire resistance with a height of no more than 4 floors should be no more than 125 people. At the same time, the distance from the doors of the most remote rooms to the exit to the far stairwell should be no more than 100 m.
5.22. The width of the main evacuation passages in the trading floor should be, at least, m:
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5.23. To calculate evacuation routes, the number of buyers or visitors to consumer services enterprises who are simultaneously in the trading floor or in the premises for visitors should be taken per person:
for stores in cities and urban-type settlements, as well as for consumer services enterprises - 3.0 m of the area of the trading floor or premises for visitors, including the area occupied by equipment;
for shops in rural settlements and markets - 2 m2 of sales area.
The number of people who are simultaneously in the showroom and the family meeting room should be taken according to the estimated number of seats in the hall.
5.24. The estimated number of people per 1 m of the width of the evacuation routes from the stands of open sports facilities should be taken from Table 5.3.
Table 5.3
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The total number of spectators per one escape hatch shall not exceed:
at stands with a fire resistance limit of ceilings under stands REI 60 - 1500 people; for stands with a fire resistance limit of ceilings under stands REI 45 - 1000 people, and for stands with other fire resistance limits of ceilings - 750 people.
5.25. If the required (estimated) evacuation time is exceeded or it is impossible to organize evacuation routes adapted for wheelchair users, fire safety zones should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 35-01. It is allowed to use elevator lobbies of elevators used by disabled people as fireproof zones. The distance from fire-safe zones to evacuation staircases and elevators suitable for rescuing disabled people should not exceed 15 m.
5.26. In indoor sports facilities, the estimated number of spectators evacuating through each exit (hatch, door) from the hall should be no more than 600 people.
When arranging a stalls in a sports arena, if there are only two exits, the distance between them must be at least half the length of the hall.
5.27. The width of the evacuation routes must be, at least, m:
1.0 - on horizontal walkways, ramps and stairs of stands of indoor and outdoor sports facilities;
1.35 - in the evacuation hatches of the stands of indoor sports facilities;
1.5 - in the evacuation hatches of the grandstands of outdoor sports facilities.
5.28. The width of doorways in the auditorium must be at least 1.2 m, and 0.8 m is allowed for entrance to the boxes. The width of the foyer, vestibule - at least 2.4 m.
5.29. The distance from back to back between rows of chairs, chairs or benches in the auditorium should be at least 0.9 m.
The number of continuously installed seats in a row should not exceed 26 for one-way exit from the row, and for two-way exit - no more than 50.
5.30. Armchairs, chairs, benches or links of them in auditoriums (except for balconies and boxes with a capacity of up to 12 seats) should be provided with devices for fastening to the floor.
When designing halls with transformable seats for spectators, provision should be made for the installation of temporary seats for spectators (or links of them) with devices to prevent them from tipping over or shifting.
5.31. On glazed doors in buildings of preschool educational institutions, schools, rest homes and sanatoriums for parents with children, protective gratings with a height of at least 1.2 m from the floor should be provided.
5.32. Corridors used as recreation in educational buildings must have natural lighting according to SNiP 23-05.
5.33. In buildings with a height of less than 10 floors in corridors without natural lighting, intended for the evacuation of 50 or more people, smoke exhaust must be provided.
5.34. To ensure safety during the operation of engineering systems, the following rules should be observed:
The temperature of the surfaces accessible to people of parts of heating devices and heating supply pipelines should not exceed 70 °C. 90 °C is allowed, if measures are taken to prevent human contact with them, the temperature of the surfaces of other pipelines should not exceed 40 °C;
The temperature of hot air at a distance of 0.1 m from the outlet of air heating devices should not exceed 70 ° C;
The temperature of hot water in the hot water supply system should not exceed 60 °C.
5.35. In rooms with constant stay of preschool children, heating devices must be protected by removable grates that provide the required level of safety, allowing regular cleaning of the device.
In the window sill space of group rooms of all types of preschool educational institutions, the distance of radiators from the floor level to the bottom of the device is allowed to be 0.05 m.
5.36. If the height of the building from ground level to the fracture of the surface of a broken mansard roof is 10 m or more, fences with snow-retaining devices 0.15 m high should be provided.
In buildings with a height of 9 floors or more, for safe repair and cleaning of facades, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of attaching construction cradles with an electric drive.
5.37. Buildings should be provided with security systems aimed at preventing criminal manifestations and their consequences, helping to minimize possible damage in the event of illegal actions. These activities are set in the design assignment.
5.38. In order to protect against attacks on valuables and information stored in special premises, and for other purposes, reinforced enclosing structures of these premises, as well as special doors and openings, should be provided.
The need for security measures in other public buildings in accordance with the type of object in terms of its importance and the degree of security is established in the design assignment, taking into account the recommendations of RD 78.36.003.
5.39. For comprehensive security and anti-terrorist protection of educational institutions and their students, premises for security should be provided on the ground floor with the installation of video surveillance systems, fire and security alarms and a channel for transmitting alarm messages to internal affairs bodies (private security) or situational centers "Service 112" .
5.40. Building structures and foundations must be designed in such a way that they have sufficient reliability during construction and operation, taking into account special effects (for example, fire, explosion, vehicle impact, etc.), with the performance of appropriate calculations of the resistance of objects to progressive collapse based on consideration of settlement situations of a terrorist nature.
6. Requirements for the fire resistance of buildings and the safety of people in case of fire General provisions
6.1. The fire-technical classification of buildings and fire compartments, as well as the general fire safety requirements, should be adopted in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the "Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements).
Additions and detailing of the regulations adopted in these standards do not reduce the fire safety of buildings and structures in comparison with the requirements of this law.
Classes of functional fire hazard of public buildings of various functional purposes are given in Appendix A.
6.2. When designing fire safety systems for buildings, the requirements for the fire resistance of external curtain walls, given in column 4 of Table 6.1 of these standards, should be taken into account, aimed at preventing the rapid development of a fire along the vertical bypassing the floors.
Table 6.1 Degree Fire resistance limit of building structures, not less than the fire resistance of the building
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Notes:
1. The fire resistance limit of self-supporting walls is determined according to GOST 30247.1.
2. The fire resistance limit of hinged, including translucent, walls is determined by methods agreed upon in the prescribed manner.
6.3. The floor area of a building or a fire compartment of public buildings of all classes of functional fire hazard, except for classes F3.1, F3.5 and other specially stipulated cases, should be taken depending on the degree of fire resistance and class of constructive fire hazard according to table 6.2.
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Note - The floor area of one-story buildings with a two-story part occupying less than 15% of the built-up area of the territory under the building should be taken as for one-story buildings.
6.4. The safety of people during evacuation in case of fire is ensured by the following conditions:
Where - the estimated evacuation time, min, determined according to paragraph 2.4 of Appendix 2 to GOST 12.1.004;
Required evacuation time, min, taken according to 5.20 and 5.21.
6.5. For public buildings for which there are no fire safety requirements, for buildings with a height of more than 55 m, as well as for objects classified as especially complex and unique in accordance with subparagraphs 1 and 4 of paragraph 2 of Article 48.1 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, except for compliance with the requirements of this regulatory document, special technical conditions must be developed, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 78 of the "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements", reflecting the specifics of their fire protection.
6.6. Wooden walls on the inside, partitions and ceilings of buildings of the 5th degree of fire resistance of preschool educational institutions, children's health institutions and medical buildings with a hospital (class F1.1), outpatient facilities (class F3.4) and clubs (class F2.1) (except one-story club buildings with chopped and block walls) must be plastered or have fire protection that ensures the fire hazard class of the protected structures is not lower than K0 (15).
6.7. Premises of a preschool educational institution with a capacity of more than 25 seats (class F1.1), adjacent to the school building (or residential premises for staff - class F1.1), with a total capacity of more than 50 seats, should be separated from the school premises (class F4.1) (or residential premises for personnel) fire barriers with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
6.8. Buildings of classes F1.2 and F4.1-F4.3 of fire resistance degrees I, II and III, with a height of not more than 10 floors, can be built on one attic floor with load-bearing elements having a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and a fire hazard class of at least K1 ( 45), when separating it from the lower floors with a fireproof ceiling of at least type 2.
The enclosing structures of this floor must meet the requirements for the structures of the superstructure building.
When using wooden attic structures, structural fire protection should be provided that ensures these requirements.
The attic floor should be divided, like the building being built on, by fire walls and partitions into sections and fire compartments.
6.9. The fire resistance limits of the enclosing structures of transitions between buildings (buildings) of a certain degree of fire resistance must comply with the requirements for the structures of buildings of this degree of fire resistance. With different degrees of fire resistance of buildings (buildings) connected by a transition, the enclosing structures of the transitions must comply with the requirements for structures of buildings with a higher degree of fire resistance.
Communication, incl. pedestrian, tunnels should be designed from non-combustible materials. Enclosing structures of tunnels and walls of buildings within the tunnel section should be made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 120. Doors in the openings of these walls should be type 1 fireproof.
6.10. In each compartment of the basement or basement floors (deepened by more than 0.5
m) there must be at least two hatches with a width of at least 0.6 m and a height of at least 0.8 m or windows with a width of 0.75 m and a height of 1.5 m, except as specified in the design assignment by the Civil Defense authorities. The area of such a compartment should not exceed 700 m2.
6.11. In buildings of classes F3.1 and F3.2, it is allowed to provide a staircase of the 2nd type from the first to the second or from the basement to the first floor. In this case, at least two staircases should be provided.
6.12. From the premises of public buildings, regardless of their purpose (auditory halls, auditoriums, educational and commercial premises, reading rooms and others, except for storerooms of combustible materials and workshops), one of the emergency exits can be directly into the lobby, dressing room, floor hall or foyer adjacent to open stairs of the 2nd type.
6.13. When placing a foyer, dressing rooms, smoking rooms and restrooms in the basement or basement floor, separate open stairs from the basement or basement floor to the first floor can be provided.
Multifunctional buildings
6.14. In buildings of a certain class of functional fire hazard, it is allowed to place parts of the building (fire compartments) of other classes of functional fire hazard. At the same time, the building, as a rule, becomes multifunctional. The floor of the building, marked with type 1 fire floors, should be considered as a fire compartment. When a floor is separated by at least one floor that is not related to the type 1 fire floor, the floor must be assigned a functional fire hazard class as a group of rooms in the fire compartment.
Without exceeding the permissible dimensions of fire compartments, as well as without changing the class of their functional fire hazard and without separating them into a separate fire compartment, it is allowed to provide for the placement in the fire compartment of the groups of rooms and floors serving the building (fire compartment) of functional fire hazard classes:
F1.2 - hotels;
F2.1 and F2.2 - entertainment, cultural and educational and cultural and leisure institutions;
F3 - public service enterprises;
F4.1 - only out-of-school institutions;
F5.1 - only workshops serving the building;
F5.2 - only car parking serving the building (subject to the requirements of SNiP 21-02), book depositories, archives, warehouses and storerooms.
6.15. When fire compartments are located vertically in a building, including multifunctional buildings, a fire compartment should not be considered a separate building, because:
all fire compartments must be of the same degree of fire resistance and the same class of constructive fire hazard;
the actual height of the building should be taken from the height of the top floor.
At the same time, restrictions on the height of the location of parts of the building (premises and groups of rooms) should be attributed to the height of their location within a given fire compartment.
6.16 When a building is horizontally divided into fire compartments, they may be considered as separate buildings.
When dividing rooms into parts by transformable partitions, emergency exits from each part of the divided room should be provided.
6.17. To distinguish fire compartments, fire walls and floors of the 1st type are used, as well as technical floors separated from adjacent floors by fire floors of the 1st or 2nd type.
6.18. When dividing a building into fire compartments by fire floors and technical floors, the walls of the staircases passing through them must have a fire resistance rating of at least REI 150.
Functional fire hazard classes of buildings
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Class F1.1
6.20. The largest number of places in the buildings of the preschool educational institution and the maximum placement of premises intended for the stay of children by floors should be taken according to Table 6.3, taking into account the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard of the building.
– – –
Regardless of the allowable number of seats in the building, it must be no more than:
two floors - for specialized preschool educational institutions of a compensating type;
one floor - for a kindergarten for children with visual impairments.
These buildings must be at least II degree of fire resistance and class K0.
6.21. In three-story preschool buildings, group cells for toddlers should be located on the ground floor.
The following premises are allowed to be located on the third floor: group cells of senior groups, halls for music and physical education, walking verandas, service and amenity premises.
From each group cell on the second and third floors, dispersed exits to two staircases should be designed. One of the exits from the second floor is allowed to be provided through an external open staircase of the 3rd type.
Corridors connecting stairwells must be separated from the condition of providing exits from each group cell to different compartments of the corridor with non-locking self-closing fire doors of the 3rd or higher type of double-sided opening. Entrance doors of group cells must be at least 0.9 m wide with sealing in the porches.
To provide exits from group cells to different compartments of the corridor connecting stairwells and stairs of the 3rd type, it is allowed to provide an additional corridor within the group cell that has exits to different compartments of the corridor connecting stairwells and stairs of the 3rd type.
6.22. The structures of attached walking verandas in preschool educational institutions with a capacity of more than 50 seats must comply with the requirements for the structures of the main buildings.
6.23. Ward departments of children's hospitals and buildings (including wards for children under three years of age with mothers) should be placed no higher than the fifth floor, wards for children under the age of seven and children's psychiatric departments (wards), neurological departments for patients with spinal cord trauma, geriatric care departments, hospice departments - no higher than the second floor.
6.24. Buildings of summer health camps for children, health camps for high school students and tourist huts should be provided with a height of no more than two floors, and buildings of children's health camps for year-round use - no more than three floors.
6.25. In children's health camps, sleeping quarters should be combined into separate groups of class F1.1 rooms for up to 40 beds, which have independent exits through a corridor with a staircase.
Sleeping quarters of children's health camps in separate buildings or separate fire compartments should be provided for no more than 160 places.
6.26. In the buildings of hospitals of medical and preventive and social institutions (hospitals, maternity hospitals, hospices, etc.) for bedridden people who are not able to move up the stairs, a fireproof zone should be provided from which they can be evacuated for a longer time or be in before the arrival of rescue units. The dimensions of the fireproof zone are determined by the estimated number of bedridden patients on horizontal transportation means (wheelchairs, beds).
The fireproof area must be smoke-free. In case of fire, an excess pressure of 20 to 40 Pa should be created in it.
The doors of the passenger elevator (passenger elevators) must go into the fireproof zone, for buildings of medical institutions - a hospital elevator that meets the requirements of NPB 250.
6.27. The enclosing structures of pantries for storing linen, storing combustible materials, ironing rooms, workshops for working with combustible materials, switchboards, ventilation chambers and other fire-hazardous technical rooms with an area of more than 25 m2 must be fire-resistant with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
Class F1.2
6.28. Buildings of recreation facilities for summer functioning of the V degree of fire resistance, as well as buildings of children's health camps and sanatoriums of IV and V degrees of fire resistance, should be designed only as one-story.
6.29. Sleeping quarters in the buildings of sanatoriums, recreation and tourism establishments must be separated by fire barriers from the dining room with a catering unit and premises for cultural purposes (with a stage and a cinema room).
6.30. The built-in hotels of the stations must have independent escape routes leading to the stairwells or to the corridor, including the one leading to the joint passenger hall, which has exits directly to the outside, to the outdoor open flyover or platform.
It is allowed to provide no more than 50% of the indicated staircases or corridors in the combined passenger hall.
6.31. To ensure the fire safety of residential premises as part of parts of public buildings, the fire requirements of SNiP 31-01 should be observed.
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6.32. Premises of audiences, assembly and conference halls, assembly halls and halls of sports facilities should be placed in accordance with the capacity no higher than the floor indicated in Table 6.4.
Table 6.4
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6.34. For theaters, cinemas, concert halls, clubs, circuses, sports facilities with grandstands, libraries and other institutions with an estimated number of seats for visitors in enclosed spaces, the capacity of the halls and the height of their location should be taken from Table 6.5, taking into account the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire building hazards.
Table 6.5
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Class F2.1 Theaters and clubs
6.35. In buildings of the III degree of fire resistance of constructive fire hazard classes C0 and C1, when placing an auditorium and a foyer on the second floor, the ceilings under them must be at least type 3 fireproof, above the basement and basement floors - at least type 2.
6.36. The attic space above the auditorium should be protected from adjacent spaces with fire walls of at least type 2 or type 1 partitions.
6.37. The load-bearing structures of the roofs over the stage and the hall (trusses, beams, flooring, etc.) in the buildings of theaters, clubs and sports facilities should be considered as the load-bearing elements of the building.
6.38. The technological service premises of the demonstration complex must be allocated with fire barriers with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
6.39. Between the auditorium and the deep grate stage, a type 1 fire wall should be provided.
6.40. The opening of the construction portal of the stages of clubs and theaters with halls with a capacity of 800 seats or more must be protected by a fire curtain.
Requirements for the installation of a fire curtain are given in Appendix I.
6.41. Doorways in the fire wall at the level of the hold and the floor of the stage, as well as exits from the grate stairs to the hold and to the stage (if there is a fire curtain) should be provided through the vestibule locks.
6.42. In the openings of the scenery warehouses from the side of the stage and pockets, it is necessary to provide fire doors of the 1st type, in the grate stairs - not lower than the 2nd type.
6.43. Warehouses, pantries, workshops, rooms for the installation of easel and volumetric scenery, dust removal chamber, ventilation chambers, rooms for fire curtain winches and smoke hatches, battery, transformer substations must be allocated fire barriers with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
Placement of the said premises under the auditorium and stage plan is not allowed, except for the safe of rolled-up scenery, fire curtain winches and smoke hatches, lifting and lowering devices without oil-filled equipment.
6.44. Premises for lighting the stage, located within the dimensions of the auditorium, must be allocated with fireproof partitions of the 1st type or walls of the 2nd type.
6.45. Enclosing structures of the orchestra pit must be fireproof.
6.46. The room of the fire station-control room should be designed with natural light and located at the level of the stage tablet (stage) or one floor below, near the external exit or stairs.
The premises of the fire pumping and household water supply should be located adjacent to or under the premises of the fire station-control room with convenient communication between them.
6.47. When designing theaters and clubs with the placement of industrial premises, as well as reserve warehouses in the main building, they should be separated from the rest of the premises by fireproof partitions of the 1st type.
6.48. Windows and openings from rear projection rooms to the stage or rear stage, film projection rooms, from control room and light projection rooms to the auditorium, if film projectors are installed in them, must be protected by curtains or shutters with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 15.
6.49. Windows and openings of a light projection room equipped for dynamic projection must be protected by glass.
6.50. The opening of the safe for rolled decorations should be protected with shields with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
6.51. The enclosing structures of the premises of model workshops must be fire resistant with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 60.
6.52. It is allowed to provide one emergency exit in rooms designed for a one-time stay of no more than 50 people (including an amphitheater or a balcony of the auditorium) with a distance along the aisle from the most remote place to the emergency exit (door) of no more than 25 m. If the capacity of these premises is more than 50 people should provide at least two evacuation exits.
6.53. From the stage (stage), working galleries and grate flooring, from the hold, orchestra pit and safe of rolled scenery, at least two evacuation exits should be provided.
6.54. In cinemas of year-round operation, as well as in clubs, in the halls of which film screening is provided from the projection room, the paths leading to the exit from the auditorium are not allowed to be provided through premises that, according to the design assignment, are designed for a one-time (permanent) stay of more than 50 people.
In seasonal cinemas without a foyer, there must be at least two emergency exits from the auditorium. One of them is allowed to consider the entrance to the auditorium.
6.55. In auditoriums with a stage with a capacity of not more than 600 seats (in cinemas, regardless of capacity), it is allowed to take a passage through the hall as a second exit from the stage.
6.56. In the complex of auditoriums of theaters, open (of the second type) it is allowed to provide no more than two stairs, while the remaining stairs (at least two) must be in closed staircases. On subsequent floors from the premises of the spectator complex, isolated evacuation passages leading to closed stairwells should be arranged.
Athletic facilities
6.57. The fire resistance limit and fire hazard class of floors under the stands of open sports and entertainment facilities when auxiliary facilities are located in the space under the stands on two or more floors, as well as with more than 20 rows for spectators in the stands, must be at least REI 45 and K0 (45), respectively . In other cases, the fire resistance limit and fire hazard class of floors under the stands of open sports and entertainment facilities are not standardized.
6.58. Buildings of indoor sports facilities of the II degree of fire resistance and a class of constructive fire hazard not lower than C1, when only auxiliary premises are located on the top floor, it is allowed to provide a height of up to five floors and build in them a fire compartment of the III degree of fire resistance and a class of constructive fire hazard not lower than C1 for placement in it sports arena and stands for spectators with a capacity of up to 800 people.
Doors in the fire walls of the sports arena and stands for spectators must be self-closing, with a tight porch. They are allowed to be made of wood.
6.59. In indoor sports facilities, the supporting structures of stationary stands with a capacity of more than 600 spectators should be of class K0, and from 300 to 600 spectators not lower than K2.
The fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures of stationary stands of class K1 or K2 must be at least R 45; for supporting structures of stationary stands with a capacity of less than 300 spectators - not standardized.
The fire resistance limit of load-bearing structures of transformable stands (retractable, etc.), regardless of capacity, must be at least R 15.
The above requirements do not apply to temporary spectator seats installed on the floor of the arena during its transformation.
6.60. The premises located under the stands of indoor and outdoor sports facilities should be separated from the stands by fire barriers (type 3 floors, type 1 partitions).
6.61. Warehouses for weapons, ammunition and a weapons workshop should be separated from other premises by fire walls and ceilings of at least type 3.
Libraries
6.62. Buildings of libraries and archives should be designed with a height of no more than nine floors.
6.63. Book depositories should be divided into compartments by fire barriers with an area of not more than 600 m2.
Each compartment of the book depository must have at least two evacuation exits.
Compartment doors must be at least type 2 fireproof.
Book depositories of unique and rare editions should be separated from other premises by fire walls and type 1 ceilings.
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6.64. For buildings of trade enterprises, the number of storeys and floor area should be taken according to Table 6.6, taking into account the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard.
Table 6.6
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* Floor area can be increased no more than twice with automatic fire extinguishing.
** Floor area in one-story buildings of grocery stores can be doubled, provided that the trading floor is separated from other premises of the store by a fire wall.
6.65. Retail trade enterprises with a sales area of more than 100 m located in buildings of other purposes should be separated from other enterprises and premises by fire walls and ceilings of at least type 2.
6.66. Shops selling flammable materials, as well as combustible liquids (oils, paints, solvents, etc.) should be located in separate buildings. It is allowed to place other shops and consumer services enterprises in these buildings, provided that they are separated by a type 1 fire wall.
6.67. Storerooms for combustible goods and goods in combustible packaging should, as a rule, be placed near the outer walls, separating them with type 1 fireproof partitions from the trading floor with an area of 250 m or more.
6.68. In one-story stores with a trading area of up to 150 m - detached, built-in, attached, attached or built into buildings for other purposes, it is allowed to provide one exit from the hall, the second one is allowed to be provided from the trading floor through a group of non-trading premises, excluding storerooms.
6.69. In enterprises with a trading area of up to 250 m2, it is allowed to provide additional exits to the hall for supplying goods from storerooms adjacent to the trading floor.
6.70. When placing storerooms, office, household and technical premises on the upper floors of buildings of retail trade enterprises of I and II degrees of fire resistance, the height of buildings can be increased by one floor.
Class F3.3
6.71. In the buildings of air terminals of the I degree of fire resistance, the floor area between the fire walls can be increased to 10,000 m, if there are no warehouses, storerooms and other premises with the presence of combustible materials in the basement (basement) floors (except for luggage storage and personnel wardrobes).
6.72. Storage chambers (except for those equipped with automatic cells) and dressing rooms must be separated from the rest of the basement with type 1 fire partitions and equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations, and command and control centers with fire partitions.
6.73. Exits from 50% of staircases, as well as corridors of station buildings, may be provided for in a combined passenger hall, which has exits directly to the outside or to an external open overpass or platform.
Class F3.4
6.74. In rural areas, buildings of medical institutions for 60 or less beds and outpatient clinics for 90 visits per shift may be provided with chopped or block walls.
Class F3.5
6.75. For buildings of consumer and communal services organizations, the number of storeys and floor area (fire compartments for visitors) should be taken depending on the degree of fire resistance and class of constructive fire hazard of buildings according to Table 6.7.
Table 6.7
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* Floor area can be increased no more than twice with automatic fire extinguishing.
6.76. In consumer service establishments with an estimated area of more than 200 m, the entrances and stairs for service personnel must be separated from the entrances and stairs for visitors.
Class F3.6
6.77. Physical culture and sports halls of schools should be placed no higher than the second floor, provided that they are not located above the classrooms or the dining room.
6.78. The capacity of the steam room in built-in saunas should be no more than 10 seats. In buildings of I, II, III degrees of fire resistance, the steam room and the complex of sauna rooms should be distinguished by fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type. In buildings of III, IV degrees of fire resistance - fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least EI 30.
6.79. It is not allowed to place built-in saunas in the basements, under the stands, in the dormitories of children's health camps and boarding schools, preschool educational institutions, hospitals, as well as under and adjacent to the premises in which there are more than 100 people.
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Class F4.1
6.80. For school buildings, educational institutions of additional education for children, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, the capacity and number of storeys of the building should be taken taking into account the degree of fire resistance and the structural fire hazard class of the building or fire compartment according to Table 6.8.
Table 6.8
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* For schools and educational institutions of additional education for children, the maximum number of storeys of buildings is 4 floors.
Note - Assembly halls - lecture audiences in school buildings of the III degree of fire resistance should be placed no higher than the second floor. Ceiling under the auditorium
The lecture hall must be at least type 2 fireproof.
6.81. Buildings of specialized schools and boarding schools (for children with disabilities of physical and mental development) should be no higher than three floors.
6.82. In boarding schools, sleeping quarters should be located in blocks or parts of the building, separated from other rooms by fire walls or partitions of at least type 1.
6.83. Ceilings above the basements of school buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance must be fireproof at least type 3.
6.84. The capacity and number of storeys of the buildings of the dormitories of boarding schools and boarding schools at schools (class F1.1) should be taken according to table 6.9.
Table 6.9
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6.85. The construction of four-story school buildings and educational buildings of boarding schools is recommended only in large and largest cities, except for those located in areas with a seismic activity of more than 6 points.
6.86. On the fourth floor of school buildings and educational buildings of boarding schools, premises for the first grades should not be placed, and it is recommended to provide no more than 25% of the rest of the educational premises.
6.87. The superstructure of school buildings with an attic floor during reconstruction should be provided within the recommended number of storeys. At the same time, it is not allowed to place sleeping quarters on the attic floor.
6.88. Buildings of institutions of primary vocational education are provided with a height of no more than four floors.
6.89. In school buildings, a wood processing workshop and a combined metal and wood processing workshop should be located on the ground floor. It is necessary to provide an additional separate exit directly to the outside through an insulated vestibule or corridor, in which there is no exit from classrooms, offices and laboratories.
6.90. Assembly halls - lecture audiences in the buildings of educational institutions should be placed no higher than the second floor.
Class F4.2
6.91. For buildings of institutions of higher professional education and additional professional education (advanced training of specialists), the degree of fire resistance, capacity and location of classrooms by floor should be taken taking into account the degree of fire resistance and the structural fire hazard class of the building or fire compartment according to Table 6.10.
Table 6.10
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* For buildings with a height of more than 28 m, the fire resistance of load-bearing elements must be at least R 180, and the internal walls of staircases must be at least REI 120.
6.92. Educational buildings of institutions of secondary vocational education and higher vocational education should, as a rule, be no higher than nine floors.
The number of storeys of educational buildings of higher educational institutions can be more than nine floors with an appropriate urban planning justification.
– – –
6.93. Premises and groups of premises of class F5, intended for servicing public buildings, must comply with the requirements of SNiP 31-03.
7. Engineering equipment and ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
7.1. The level of natural and artificial lighting in public buildings must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23-05 and SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1278.
7.2. Natural lighting should be provided in all premises with a permanent stay of people.
7.3. Regardless of the lighting (side, top or combined) in group preschool institutions, as well as in classrooms at all levels of education, left-hand light distribution should be provided.
7.4. It is allowed to illuminate with natural overhead (upper inclined) light:
dressing and toilet group cells, rooms for psychological unloading of children ("home corner") and adults, staff rooms, halls for music and physical education, a hall with a pool bath, a warm-up hall at the pool, rooms for children's circles and sections, communication and recreational space.
7.5. In rooms with natural lighting, in buildings for III and IV climatic regions, as well as in group and bedrooms of group cells of preschool institutions for II climatic region, through or corner ventilation of premises with permanent residence (including through a corridor or an adjacent room) should be provided ). With the exception of rooms where, according to technological requirements, the penetration of outside air is not allowed or air conditioning must be provided.
7.6. Lighting only with a second light can be provided for:
in premises that are allowed to be provided without natural lighting (except for pantries, trading floors of shops and book depositories);
in the toilet, reception room and washing kitchen utensils of preschool educational institutions in 1A, 1B, 1G climatic sub-regions;
in dressing and expectant baths and bath-health complexes;
in reception boxes and isolation rooms, rooms for temporary rest of patients after procedures of medical institutions and microbiological boxes of any institutions.
7.7. It is allowed in public buildings, in addition to SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278, to provide without natural lighting:
premises, the placement of which is allowed in the basement floors;
canteens and rooms for the attendants of the preschool educational institution;
sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment halls; sports halls with ice covering; rooms for instructors and coaches of sports facilities;
anesthesia, preoperative, sectional and presectional; procedural halo- and speleotherapy, enema; weight, thermostatic; rooms for service personnel, catering facilities and meals in hospitals of medical institutions;
salons for visitors to consumer services enterprises (except for hairdressers, beauty parlors, etc.);
sanitary passes; latrines; locker rooms; showers; rooms for dry heat baths;
rooms and treatment solariums;
car parking spaces.
7.8. Artificial lighting of premises and places of service that are intended to serve the disabled and the elderly, as well as evacuation routes from these places, should be one step higher than the requirements of SNiP 23-05 for these premises.
7.9. In the premises of preschool educational institutions, schools, institutions of vocational education, healthcare and social services with a hospital, insolation must comply with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
Protection from the sun and overheating can be provided by the space-planning solution of the building, external sun protection, technical devices (devices) on openings and windows. In buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors and more, external sun protection should be made of non-combustible materials. In one-, two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide sun protection with landscaping.
7.10. The orientation of the windows of the premises to the cardinal points in educational institutions should be taken within the following limits:
for classes, classrooms, laboratories (except biology) - B, SE, Y;
for drawing rooms, fine arts, computer science and computer technology - SZ, S, SV;
for reading rooms of libraries - N, NE, B, SE.
Table 7.1
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Laboratories for bacteriological SZ, N, NE, E, SE NW, N, NE, E, SE, S research, for receiving infectious material and its analysis, opening chambers for tuberculosis and infectious diseases B, SE, S, NE*, NW* E , SE, S, NE*, NW* patients Intensive care wards, children's Not allowed to the west, for wards of intensive care units up to 3 years, play rooms in children's therapy - to the west and southwest departments * Allowed no more than 10% of the total number beds in the department.
Note - In the chambers oriented to the west in areas of 55 ° N. sh. and to the south, protection of the premises from overheating by the sun's rays should be provided.
7.12. On the territories of group playgrounds of preschool educational institutions, sports areas and recreation areas of schools, recreation areas of hospitals of medical and social institutions, the duration of insolation should be at least three hours for 50% of the site area.
plot area.
7.13. Automated individual heating points (ITPs) equipped at the inputs of heat networks to the building in accordance with SP 41-101 should be provided for buildings with an estimated heat consumption for the heating period of 1000 GJ or more with the possibility of regulating the release of heat for heating in them according to individual technological zones and facades, characterized by the same type of influence of external (sun, wind) and internal (heat) factors.
7.14. ITPs built into the buildings they serve should be designed with a separate entrance. It is allowed to combine ITP with premises of ventilation and air conditioning installations. The height of the ITP premises should be at least 2.2 m from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures.
7.15. Separate branches of water heating systems with disconnecting devices outside these rooms are provided for the following rooms:
conference hall; a dining hall of canteens with industrial premises attached to them (for conference rooms with up to 400 seats and dining halls of canteens with up to 160 seats, when placed in the total volume of the building, separate branches may not be provided); auditorium, including stage; stage (universal stage);
vestibule, foyer, corridors; dance hall; small halls in the buildings of theaters, clubs, including the stage;
libraries with a fund of 200 thousand items or more (for reading rooms, lecture halls and storage facilities);
retail trade enterprises (for unloading premises and trading floors with an area of 400 m and more);
living quarters in public buildings.
7.16. To calculate the heating systems of public buildings, the calculated value of the indoor air temperature in the premises should be taken equal to the minimum of the allowable temperature indicators given in GOST 30994 and sanitary standards for the corresponding buildings or premises.
In the premises of public buildings, a decrease in microclimate indicators is allowed during non-working hours, provided that the required parameters are provided by the beginning of working hours. During non-working hours, it is possible to maintain the temperature regime below the norm, but not below 12 ° C.
Decreasing the temperature during off-hours is allowed only if otherwise is not specified in the terms of reference or regulations.
7.17. Heated floors should be provided on the ground floor of group preschools of all types, as well as in bedrooms and dressing rooms in preschools for children with a violation of the musculoskeletal system. The average room temperature should be maintained within 23 °C.
7.18. It is recommended to use radiators as heating devices for stage heating in theaters and clubs. At the same time, heating devices should be placed no higher than 0.5 m above the level of the stage board on the back wall of the stage or rear stage.
7.19. Air and air-thermal curtains should be provided for:
at permanently open openings in the outer walls of the premises, as well as at gates and openings in the outer walls that do not have vestibules and open more than five times or for at least 40 minutes per shift, in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature of minus 15 ° C and below (parameters B);
at the outer doors of the vestibules of public buildings - depending on the design temperature of the outside air (BJ parameters) and the number of people passing through the doors for 1 hour: from minus 15 ° C to minus 25 ° C - 400 people. and more; from minus 26 °C to minus 40 °C pers. and more; below minus 40 °С - 100 people. and more;
at the gates, doors and openings of air-conditioned rooms - according to the design assignment.
The heat supplied by intermittent air curtains should not be taken into account in the air and heat balances of the building.
7.20. Air and air-thermal curtains at external openings, gates and doors should be calculated taking into account wind pressure. Air consumption should be determined, taking the outside air temperature and wind speed at parameters B, but not more than 5 m/s; if the wind speed at parameters B is less than at parameters A, then the air heaters should be checked for parameters A. The speed of air release from slots or openings of air-thermal curtains should be taken no more than, m / s:
8 - at the outer doors;
25 - at the gates and technological openings.
7.21. The design temperature of the air mixture for the vestibules of public buildings entering the room through external doors, gates or openings should be taken at least 12 °C.
7.22. The design air temperature and the air exchange rate in the PEI should be taken according to SanPiN 2.4.1.1249.
7.23. Removal of air from the premises of the bedrooms of preschool institutions with through or corner ventilation may be provided through group rooms.
Exhaust air ducts from catering units should not pass through group or sleeping rooms.
7.24. The design temperature and air exchange rate in school buildings are recommended to be taken from Table 7.2. The accuracy of maintaining the calculated temperature in the operating mode in the dormitories of boarding schools should be ± 1 °C.
Table 7.2
– – –
7.25. In schools and boarding schools at schools, the air temperature maintained during working hours in the air heating system should not exceed 40 °C.
7.26. Air removal from school classrooms should be provided through recreational facilities and sanitary facilities, as well as through exfiltration through external glazing, taking into account the requirements of SNiP 41-01.
In case of supply ventilation with mechanical stimulation or decentralized supply in classrooms, natural exhaust ventilation should be provided at the rate of a single or more air exchange per 1 hour.
With air heating, exhaust ducts from the classrooms are not provided.
7.27. For air heating in school buildings, combined with ventilation, automatic control of systems should be provided, including maintaining the calculated temperature and relative humidity in the premises within 40-60% during working hours, as well as ensuring that the air temperature is not lower than 15 ° during non-school hours. WITH.
7.28. Air exchange in school canteens should be designed to absorb excess heat generated by the technological equipment of the kitchen. The supply of fresh air to the production premises of the catering unit should not be carried out through the dining room.
The volume of outside air supplied must be at least 20 m3/h per seat in the dining room.
7.29. In schools with up to 200 students, ventilation without an organized mechanical inflow is allowed.
7.30. The design air temperature and air exchange in institutions of primary vocational education are recommended to be taken according to table 7.2, in institutions of secondary vocational education and higher educational institutions it is recommended to be taken according to table 7.3.
Table 7.3
– – –
7.31. When using indoor video display terminals and PCs, the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340 should be taken into account.
7.32. In assembly halls and classrooms for 150 seats or more in buildings of higher educational institutions located in III and IV climatic regions, if there are feasibility studies, the optimal parameters of the air environment should be taken, and in other climatic regions - the permissible parameters provided for by SNiP 41-01 .
7.33. The air exchange of the dining room and other premises for visitors should be isolated as much as possible from the air exchange of the production premises of catering establishments.
7.34. Supply and exhaust ventilation systems should be provided separately for the premises of the visual and club complexes, the premises for servicing the stage (stage), as well as administrative and utility premises, workshops and warehouses.
In cinemas with continuous film screening; in general leisure clubs and clubs with a total capacity of up to 375 people, this separation of systems may not be provided.
7.35. In the auditorium of a club or theater with a deep grate stage, the amount of air removed should be 90% of the supply air (including recirculation) to ensure 10% of the backwater in the hall; no more than 17% of the total volume of air removed from the hall should be removed through the stage.
7.36. In the auditoriums of cinemas, clubs and theaters in the audience accommodation areas, the air parameters must be provided by a ventilation or air conditioning system in accordance with the requirements of Table 7.4.
Table 7.4
– – –
* In cases where cinemas do not provide a wardrobe for spectators
7.37. In the depositories of rare books and manuscripts, as well as in the depositories of libraries with a fund of 1 million items or more, and in the depositories of group I archives, air conditioning should be provided.
7.38. In reading rooms, lecture halls and storage rooms of scientific libraries with a fund of 200 thousand items or more, it is allowed to use air heating combined with forced ventilation or an air conditioning system.
7.39. In the premises of storage facilities, archives with a capacity of more than 300 thousand storage units, as a rule, air heating combined with supply ventilation or an air conditioning system should be used. Water heating should be provided in the remaining premises of the archive buildings.
7.40. For storage rooms, reading rooms and lecture halls in library buildings with a fund of 200 thousand items or more, separate supply ventilation systems should be provided.
7.41. In public libraries with a fund of up to 50,000 storage units, when placing a zone of reading places together with a zone of book collections and serving readers in one room and in archives with a capacity of up to 300,000 storage units, natural ventilation is allowed at the rate of at least a single air exchange.
7.42. In repositories, lecture and reading rooms of libraries with a fund of 200 thousand items or more, as well as in archive repositories, air recirculation should be provided.
The volume of outside air must be determined by calculation. In storage rooms, it should not exceed 10% of the total volume of supplied air. In reading and lecture halls, the volume of outside air inflow must be at least 20 m3/h per person.
7.43. For lecture halls, reading rooms and library storages, exhaust ventilation with a natural impulse is allowed.
7.44. For library storages, cleaning of dust from outdoor air and disinfection of recirculated air to the maximum permissible concentration of microorganisms in the air of the room, determined by the technological task, should be provided.
The volume of air to be removed should be determined on the basis of six exchanges in 1 hour for a large storage.
In libraries and archives, the calculated air temperature should be taken equal to 18 °C.
The frequency of air exchange in 1 hour should be taken as 2, but not less than 20 m3 / h of outside air per 1 place. Relative humidity in the buildings of libraries and archives should be no more than 55%.
7.45. In stores with a sales area of up to 250 m2, it is allowed to provide ventilation with a natural impulse.
7.46. The estimated air temperature in the premises of the shops is taken according to the technological task. The frequency of air exchange in stores should be taken at least 1 in 1 hour.
7.47. In sports and fitness facilities, air mobility in the areas where trainees are located should not exceed, m/s:
in the halls of swimming pool baths (including health-improving swimming and teaching non-swimmers) - 0.2;
in sports halls for wrestling, table tennis, indoor skating rinks and halls of rowing pools - 0.3;
in other sports halls, halls for preparatory classes in swimming pools and premises for physical culture and health-improving classes - 0.5.
7.48. Relative humidity should be taken, %:
in sports halls without seats for spectators, in premises for sports and recreational activities and in halls for preparatory classes in swimming pools - 30-60;
in the halls of pool baths (including rowing) - 50-60.
The lower limits of relative humidity are given for the cold period of the year at the temperatures indicated in Table 7.5.
Table 7.5
– – –
3. Halls of swimming pool baths (at 1-2 ° C above the temperature, including for water in the bath of recreational swimming and teaching non-swimmers) with or without seats for spectators
– – –
In the heat engineering calculation of the enclosing structures of the halls of the baths of the pools, the relative humidity should be taken as 67%, and the temperature - +27 ° С.
When using glued wood structures in the area of their location, relative humidity of at least 45% must be ensured around the clock and all year round, and the temperature should not exceed 35 °C.
7.49. The design air temperature and air exchange rate should be taken from Table 7.5.
In the air heating systems of sports halls, combined with ventilation and air conditioning, it is allowed to use recirculation with air disinfection.
7.50. Calculation of air exchange in universal halls with an ice arena and seats for spectators should be performed for the following operating modes of operation:
competition on the ice rink with spectators;
competition or spectacle with spectators without the use of ice;
training on ice without spectators.
In sports halls without ice and in the halls of swimming pool baths with seats for spectators, the calculation of air exchange should be performed for two modes - with spectators and without them.
7.51. Heating systems should be provided for buildings and facilities for recreation and tourism of year-round operation, as well as the following premises of buildings for summer operation:
isolators and medical posts in all climatic regions, except for IV;
premises of children's health camps.
In living rooms and dining halls of summer holiday homes, camp sites and boarding houses designed for I and II climatic regions, it is allowed to provide heating in accordance with the design assignment.
7.52. Exhaust ventilation from the bedrooms of sanatoriums and recreation facilities is recommended to be provided with a natural impulse.
In the living rooms of recreation facilities for the IV climatic region, it is recommended to provide mechanically driven exhaust ventilation.
7.53. Removal of air from living rooms and rooms with sanitary facilities should be provided through sanitary facilities with the installation of overflow grilles in the lower part of the bathrooms.
7.54. In hotels of the highest category ("five stars", "four stars"), located in any climatic region, air conditioning should be provided in dining rooms and in industrial premises of catering establishments with significant heat release, as well as supply and exhaust ventilation in other service rooms. premises.
7.55. Ventilation in hospital buildings should exclude the flow of air masses from rooms with lower cleanliness requirements to rooms with higher air cleanliness requirements.
In operating rooms, intensive care wards, burn wards and similar rooms with high requirements for air purity, it is allowed to use air recirculation in addition to the standard volume of fresh air supply.
Air mobility in the room should be no more than 0.3 m/s.
7.56. Air conditioning is mandatory in operating rooms, anesthesia, prenatal, delivery, postoperative wards, resuscitation rooms, intensive care wards, in single-bed and double-bed wards for patients with burns, in wards for infants, newborns, premature, injured children, in the halls of pressure chambers, and also in the sterile area of animal vivariums.
The air supplied to the premises of medical institutions (operating rooms, intensive care wards, burn wards and similar rooms) with high requirements for air purity, as well as recirculated air, must be treated with air disinfection devices that ensure the effectiveness of inactivation of microorganisms and viruses in the treated air, not less than 95%.
In infectious, incl. tuberculosis departments, mechanically driven exhaust ventilation is arranged through individual channels in each box and semi-box and must be equipped with air disinfection devices and antibacterial filters.
7.57. In the wards of hospital departments in rural settlements, air humidification in the supply ventilation units may not be provided.
7.58. When installing ventilation and air conditioning systems at stations, one should be guided by the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3.1375 and SP 2.5.1198.
Recirculated air should be used in a volume not exceeding 30% of the air supplied to the room.
Recirculated air must be treated with air disinfection devices that ensure the efficiency of inactivation of microorganisms and viruses in the treated air, at least 95%.
Relative humidity should be within 30-60%.
Mechanical supply ventilation must supply at least 30 m3 / h of outside air per person to the room.
7.59. For premises not equipped with a mechanical supply ventilation system, opening adjustable vents or air valves for supplying outside air should be provided, located at a height of at least 2 m from the floor.
7.60. The supply of fresh air should be provided directly to rooms with emissions of harmful substances in the amount of 90% of the amount of air removed by exhaust systems, the rest of the air (10%) - to the corridor or hall.
7.61. Removal of air from working premises with an area of less than 35 m2 may be provided for by air flow into the corridor.
7.62. Exhaust ventilation with natural induction may be provided in the premises of buildings with an estimated number of less than 300 people and a height of 1-3 floors.
7.63. In mock-up workshops and other premises where dust and aerosols may be released into the air, the volume of air removed through the fume hood should be determined depending on the air velocity in the design opening of the cabinet according to Table 7.6.
Table 7.6 Hazard class of harmful substances Air velocity in the working area (according to GN 2.
2.5.686*) in the design opening of the cabinet, m/s (at least)
– – –
_________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GN 2.2.5.1313-03 is in force. - Database manufacturer's note.
During work related to the release of explosive substances into the air, the air velocity in the calculated opening of the fume hood should be taken as 1 m/s.
7.64. The hydrostatic pressure in the system of domestic drinking and domestic fire water supply at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance should be no more than 4 atm. In the system of economic fire-fighting water supply for the time of extinguishing the fire, it is allowed to increase the pressure to no more than 6 atm at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance.
The hydrostatic head at the level of the lowest fire hydrant in the separate fire water supply system, as well as in circuits where fire risers are used to supply transit household and drinking water to the upper floor (in circuits with upper wiring), should not exceed 9 atm in the mode firefighting.
7.65. To ensure regulatory requirements in terms of permissible water pressures for sanitary appliances, rational use of water and energy resources, it is necessary to provide for:
pumping units with adjustable drive (engine speed);
single-zone water supply scheme with the installation of floor pressure regulators.
7.66. The installation of grease traps at the outlets of industrial effluents should be provided for the following catering establishments:
working on semi-finished products - with the number of seats in the halls of 500 or more;
working on raw materials - with the number of seats in the halls of 200 or more.
Food units of preschool institutions are not equipped with grease traps.
7.67. Public buildings should provide for a system of garbage disposal and dust collection, temporary (within the limits of sanitary standards) storage of garbage and the possibility of its removal.
In public buildings and complexes, the arrangement of pneumatic waste disposal systems should be determined by the design task based on the technical and economic feasibility of their operation.
The means of removing debris from the building must be linked to the cleaning system adopted in the locality where the building is located.
7.68. Garbage chutes (in the absence of a pneumatic waste disposal system) should be provided for:
in 3-story and higher buildings of higher educational institutions, hotels and motels for 100 seats or more;
in 5-storey and higher buildings for other purposes - in accordance with SP 31-108.
The need for the installation of garbage chutes in other public buildings is established by the design task.
When adding an attic floor to an existing building, the existing waste disposal system may not be changed.
For buildings equipped with garbage chutes, the placement of the garbage chamber should be provided from the side of the yard. The entrance of the garbage collection truck must be provided to the doors of the garbage chamber. If it is impossible to organize an entrance directly to the waste collection chamber, it is necessary to provide a place (platform) for placing waste containers.
For buildings that are not equipped with garbage chutes, a garbage collection chamber or utility site should be provided (in cities - always with a hard surface).
7.69. Waste chutes are not designed in hospitals of medical institutions. Design a system for the collection and processing of medical, food and household waste with their subsequent transportation on special elevators in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.7.728.
7.70. A centralized or combined vacuum dust collection system should be provided in buildings:
theaters, concert halls, museums;
reading and lecture halls, library book depositories for 200,000 storage units or more;
stores with a sales area of 6500 m or more;
hotels, sanatoriums, recreation and tourism institutions, hospitals of medical institutions for 500 beds or more;
in specialized buildings with increased sanitary and hygienic requirements.
The need for a central or combined vacuum dust collection system in other buildings should be established by the design task.
7.71. For a combined vacuum dust collection system, the service radius of one inlet valve should be no more than 50 m.
7.72. In the absence of centralized or combined dust collection, the arrangement of the filter cleaning chamber for vacuum cleaners is determined according to the design assignment.
7.73. Structural solutions of building elements (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, arrangement of ventilation openings and placement of thermal insulation, etc.) must provide protection against the penetration of rodents.
8. Energy saving
8.1. A public building should be designed in such a way that, during its operation, the fulfillment of the established requirements for the microclimate of the premises and other conditions ensures the efficient use of energy resources.
8.2. Determination of heat-shielding indicators of the building structures of the building should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 23-02 according to the norms of the reduced resistance to heat transfer of building envelopes; allowed - according to the normative value of the specific heat consumption for heating and ventilation of the building as a whole for the heating period.
8.3. The area of the translucent surfaces of the enclosing structures of the building, as a rule, should not exceed 18% of the total area of the walls. It is allowed to increase the area of translucent enclosing structures with the reduced resistance to heat transfer of these structures of more than 0.56 m ° C / W.
8.4. Design parameters of outdoor air should be taken according to SNiP 23-01 and SNiP 41-01.
The design temperature of the internal air for calculating the thermal performance of enclosing structures should be taken equal to 18 °C or according to technological requirements.
8.5. Engineering systems of the building must have automatic or manual control of air temperature.
Building heating systems should be equipped with devices to reduce the required heat flow during non-working hours.
With a centralized supply of cold and hot water, electricity, gas and heat, and if there are several groups of premises in the building belonging to different organizations or owners, each such group of premises must be equipped with autonomous meters for energy and water consumption.
8.6. For halls, air recirculation with its purification and disinfection should be used.
8.7. Heat supply of a building or separate groups of premises can be carried out from centralized, autonomous or individual heat sources in accordance with SNiP 41SNiP II-35. At the same time, gas-fired heat generators located in buildings must be with closed furnaces (burners) and adjustable gas burners.
8.8. The supply of heat for heating, ventilation and hot water systems should be provided through separate pipelines from the heating point.
8.9. Separate branches of water heating pipelines should be provided for a conference room, a dining room in canteens, a lobby, a lobby, and corridors.
8.10. Air-thermal and air curtains at the main entrances to buildings should be provided if the design outdoor temperature of the coldest five-day period in the construction area (design parameters B) is minus 15 ° C and below and the number of employees in the building is more than 200 people.
9. Durability and maintainability
9.1. The designed and built building must maintain the strength and stability of its load-bearing structures for the period specified in the design assignment, subject to systematic maintenance, compliance with the rules for the operation of the building and the repair periods established in the operating instructions.
9.2. Elements, parts, equipment with a shorter service life than the expected service life of the building must be replaced in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the operating instructions and taking into account the requirements of the design assignment.
The decision to use less or more durable elements, materials or equipment with a corresponding increase or decrease in the overhaul period is established by technical and economic calculations.
9.3. Structures, parts and finishing materials must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low and high temperatures, aggressive environments and other adverse factors, or protected in accordance with SNiP 2.03.11.
9.4. With complex space-planning decisions, it is necessary to provide measures to protect the building from the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the supporting and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures or through the device for ventilation of closed spaces or air gaps.
In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, the necessary protective compositions and coatings must be applied.
9.5. Butt joints of prefabricated elements and multilayer structures should be designed to withstand temperature deformations and forces arising from uneven subsidence of the bases and other operational influences.
The sealing and sealing materials used in the joints must retain their elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and when wet, and be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures at their interface.
9.6. It must be possible to access the equipment, fittings and devices of the engineering systems of the building and their connections and to the load-bearing elements of the building cover for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
9.7. The load-bearing structures of the building must be designed and erected in such a way that during their construction and under the design operating conditions, the possibility of:
destruction or damage to structures, leading to the need to stop operation;
unacceptable deterioration in the performance properties of structures or buildings as a whole due to deformation or cracking.
Structures and foundations of buildings should be designed taking into account the perception of impacts from hazardous geological processes in the area and at the construction site.
When placing buildings on an undermined territory, on subsiding soils, in seismic regions, as well as in other complex geological conditions, additional requirements of the relevant regulatory technical documents should be taken into account.
9.8. When designing structures, design situations should be considered, including an emergency situation that has a low probability of occurrence and a short duration that is not * very important from the point of view of the consequences of reaching limit states (for example, a situation arising in connection with an explosion, collision, fire, as well as directly after the failure of any structural element - progressive collapse).
* The text corresponds to the original. - Database manufacturer's note.
APPENDIX A
– – –
A. Buildings of objects serving the population
1. Buildings and premises for educational purposes
1.1. Education and training institutions:
– – –
1.1.2. General education institutions (schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, F4.1 colleges, boarding schools, etc.)* 1.1.3. Vocational education institutions:*
– – –
2.1. Health care institutions:
2.1.1. Medical institutions with a hospital, medical centers, etc. * F1.1 2.1.2. Outpatient clinics and health-improving F3.4 institutions, blood transfusion stations, etc.
– – –
2.2.2. Institutions with a hospital, including boarding houses for F1.1 disabled and elderly people, for disabled children, etc.
3. Buildings and premises of public service
– – –
3.4. Communication facilities intended for direct F3.5 public service
3.5. Transport institutions intended for direct service to the population:
3.5.1. Buildings of stations of all types of transport F3.3 3.5.2. Passenger service establishments, transport agencies, F3.5 travel agencies
3.6. Structures, buildings and premises for sanitary purposes F3.6
4. Structures, buildings and premises for cultural and leisure activities of the population and religious rites
4.1. Objects of physical culture, sports and sports and leisure purposes:
– – –
6.1.2. Administrative institutions, administrative divisions F4.3 of firms, organizations, enterprises, as well as firms and agencies, etc.
6.2. Building:
6.2.1. Credit-financial and insurance organizations, banks F4.3 6.2.2. Courts and prosecutor's office, notarial and legal institutions F3.5 6.2.3. Law enforcement organizations (tax services, police, F4.3 customs) 6.2.4. Institutions of social protection of the population (social security services, labor exchanges and F4.3 etc.)
6.3. Buildings of organizations providing products:
6.3.1. Research organizations (except for large and F4.3 special facilities)*
– – –
6.3.3. Editorial, publishing and information organizations (with the exception of F4.3 printing houses)
Notes:
1. This appendix applies both to the above types of institutions and premises, and to newly created premises within the framework of these functional-typological groups.
2. The listed groups of premises for various purposes can be combined into multifunctional buildings and complexes or be part of residential, industrial and other buildings.
3. Objects marked with "*" refer to multifunctional objects that are beyond the scope of only this subclass of functional fire hazard.
** When designing buildings of this group of institutions and organizations, SNiP 31-05 should be additionally used.
APPENDIX B
– – –
Elevator hall - the room in front of the entrance to the elevators.
Loggia - built-in or attached, open to the external space, fenced on three sides by walls (on two sides - at a corner location) a room with a depth limited by the requirements of natural light in the room, to the outer wall of which it adjoins. May be glazed.
Roof window - a window installed in an inclined plane of the roof.
A basement or basement compartment is a space limited by fire barriers (walls, partitions, ceilings). Within the compartment, rooms can be separated by partitions with the appropriate fire resistance limit.
Vestibule - a passage space between doors that serves to protect against the penetration of cold air, smoke and odors at the entrance to a building, stairwell or other premises.
Grandstand - a structure with rising rows of seats for spectators.
Attic - the space between the upper floor ceiling, the building covering (roof) and the outer walls located above the upper floor ceiling.
Attic floor (mansard) - a floor in the attic space, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of an inclined or sloping roof, while the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height of no more than 1.5 m from the floor level of the attic floor.
Above-ground floor - a floor with a floor mark of the premises not lower than the planning mark of the ground.
Basement floor - a floor with a floor mark of the premises below the planning mark of the ground by more than half the height of the premises.
Technical floor - a floor for placing engineering equipment and laying communications. It can be located in the lower (technical underground), upper (technical attic) or in the middle part of the building.
Basement floor - a floor with a floor mark of the premises below the planning mark of the ground to a height of not more than half the height of the premises.
APPENDIX B
– – –
Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" SNiP 21-02-99* Parking lots SNiP 23-01-99* Building climatology SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection buildings SNiP 23-05-95* Natural and artificial lighting SNiP 31-01-2003 Residential multi-apartment buildings SNiP 31-03-2001 Industrial buildings SNiP 31-05-2003 Public administrative buildings SNiP 35-01-2001 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning SNiP 42-01-2002 Gas distribution systems SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures SNiP 2.04.01-85* Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings SNiP 2.06.15- 85 Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding SNiP 2.07.01-89* Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements SNiP 2.09.04-87* Administrative and residential buildings SNiP II-11-77* Protective structures of civil defense SNiP II-35-76* Boiler plants SP 31-108-2002 Waste chutes of residential and public buildings and structures SP 31-110-2003 Design and installation of electrical installations in residential and public buildings SP 31-112-2004 Physical culture and sports halls (parts 1 and 2) SP 35-101-2001 Design of buildings and structures, taking into account accessibility for people with limited mobility. General provisions SP 35-103-2001 Public buildings and facilities accessible to visitors with limited mobility SP 41-101-95 Design of heating points GOST 12.1.004-91* SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements GOST 12.2.052-81 Oxygen gas handling equipment GOST R ISO 14644.4-02 Cleanrooms and related controlled environments GOST 16363-98 Wood protection products. Method for determining fire-retardant properties GOST 25772-83 Steel railings for stairs, balconies and roofs. General specifications GOST 27751-88 Reliability of building structures and foundations. Basic provisions for the calculation of GOST 30247.1-94 Building structures. Test methods for fire resistance.
Bearing and enclosing structures GOST 30494-96 Residential and public buildings. Microclimate parameters in rooms GOST R 50571.28-07 Electrical installations of buildings GOST R 52539-2006 Air purity in medical institutions SP 5.13130.2009 Fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing installations SP 3.13130.2009 Warning and evacuation control system in case of fire.
NPB 105-03 Definition of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations in terms of explosion and fire hazard NPB 110-03 List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms buildings and structures. General technical requirements PPB 01-03 Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation PB 03-576-03 Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations SO 153-34.21.122-2003 Instructions for the installation of lightning protection for buildings, structures and industrial communications SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076-01 Hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories SanPiN 2.2. 2.1332-03 Hygienic requirements for the organization of work on copiers SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03 Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises SanPiN 2.12.729-99 Polymer and polymer-containing building materials, products and structures ii. Hygienic safety requirements SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 Noise at workplaces, in premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential development SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.583-96 Infrasound at workplaces, in premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential development SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.566-96 Vibration at workplaces, in premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential development GN 2.2.5.1313-03 Maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in the air of the working area RD 78.35.003-2002 Engineering and technical strength. Technical means of protection.
Requirements and design standards for the protection of objects from criminal attacks When designing a certain type of public building, the relevant sanitary and epidemiological standards should also be used:
SanPiN 2.1.
2.1188-03 Swimming pools. Hygienic requirements for the device, operation and water quality of swimming pools. Quality control SanPiN 2.1.
2.1331-03 Hygienic requirements for the design, equipment, operation and water quality of water parks SanPiN 2.1.
2.1199-03 Hairdressers. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, equipment and maintenance SanPiN 2.1.
3.1375-03 Hygienic requirements for the placement, arrangement, equipment and operation of hospitals, maternity hospitals and other medical hospitals SanPiN 2.2.3.1389-03 Hygienic requirements for chemical cleaning of household products SanPiN 2.3.6.1079-01 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for public catering organizations, production and turnover capacity of food products and food raw materials in them SanPiN 2.4.1.1249-03 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, maintenance and organization of the working hours of preschool educational institutions SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02 Hygienic requirements for the conditions of education in general educational institutions SanPiN 2.4.3.1204- 03 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the educational and production process in educational institutions of primary vocational education SanPiN 2.4.4.1204-03 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, content and organization of the mode of operation of out-of-town stationary institutions of recreation and health improvement of children SanPiN 2.1.
7.728-99 Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical institutions SP 2.5.1198-03 Sanitary rules for the organization of passenger transportation on railway transport VMP 2.1.3.2365-08 Temporary guidelines for the placement, arrangement and equipment of high medical technology centers Methodological recommendations for design perinatal centers and other obstetric institutions (Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia 173-PD / 707 2007) The classification system of hotels and other accommodation facilities (Order of the Federal Agency for Tourism (Rostourism) dated July 21, 2005 N 86).
You should also use industry (departmental) technological requirements (standards) for the design of a certain type of buildings.
With the entry into force of SNiP 31-06, reference manuals for SNiP 2.08.02 are canceled. Their use is permissible within the current regulatory documentation.
APPENDIX D
Rules for calculating the total, usable and estimated areas, building volume, building area and number of storeys of a public building1. The total area of the building is determined as the sum of the areas of all aboveground and underground floors (including technical, attic, basement).
The total area of the building includes the area of mezzanines, galleries and balconies of auditoriums and other halls, verandas, external glazed loggias and galleries, as well as passages to other buildings.
The total area of the building separately includes the area of open unheated planning elements of the building (including the area of the exploited roof, open external galleries, open loggias, etc.).
The area of multi-light rooms, as well as the space between flights of stairs more than the width of the flight and openings in the ceilings of more than 36 m should be included in the total area of the building within only one floor.
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PUBLIC BUILDINGS
AND FACILITIES
SNiP 31-06-2009
Updated edition
SNiP 2.08.02-89*
MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
(MINISTRY OF REGION OF RUSSIA)
Moscow
2009
Foreword
SNiP 31-06-2009 is an updated edition of SNiP 2.08.02-89*, approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia dated September 1, 2009 No. 390 and comes into force on January 1, 2010.
Instead of SNiP 2.08.02-89*
|
1. INTRODUCTION 1 AREA OF USE 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5. ENSURING RELIABILITY AND SAFETY DURING OPERATION 6. REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS AND SAFETY OF PEOPLE IN THE FIRE 7. ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND PROVISION OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS 8. ENERGY SAVING 9. DURABILITY AND REPAIRABILITY APPENDIX A List of the main functional and typological groups of buildings and public premises APPENDIX B Terms and definitions APPENDIX B List of regulatory documents APPENDIX D Rules for calculating the total, usable and estimated areas, building volume, building area and number of storeys of a public building APPENDIX E List of premises, the placement of which, according to the process of operation of public buildings, is allowed in the basement and basement floors APPENDIX E Requirements for the parameters of the auditorium and the movie screen in a traditional film demonstration APPENDIX G Evacuation routes for spectators from auditoriums APPENDIX AND Requirements for the installation of a fire curtain and smoke hatches in the covering above the stage |
1. INTRODUCTION
Sections 3 , 5 -7 and 9 of these standards, requirements are given that correspond to the goals of technical regulations and are subject to mandatory compliance, taking into account Part 1 of Article 46 of the Federal Law " About technical regulation". In chapter 8 norms, the requirements corresponding to the objectives of the Federal Law " About energy saving».
The update was carried out by the team of authors: JSC "Institute of Public Buildings" (head of the theme - Candidate of Architecture A.M. Garnets; Candidate of Architecture L.A. Smyvina, engineer L.V. Sigacheva); State Unitary Enterprise "MNIIP Mosproekt-4" (Doctor of Architecture A.V. Anisimov); Federal State Unitary Enterprise "TsNIISK im. V.A. Kucherenko (candidate of technical sciences V.N. Siegern-Korn); OJSC "CNS" (candidate of architecture L.A. Viktorova); CJSC Giprozdrav - SPC for Health and Recreation Objects (Candidate of Architecture L.F. Sidorkova, technical engineer M.V. Tolmacheva); MGSU (Doctor of Engineering Sciences V.V. Kholshchevnikov); State Unitary Enterprise Mosproekt-2 im. M.V. Posokhin” (architect A.G. Lokshin); OJSC MosOtis (engineer S.M. Roitburd); Federal State Institution "VNII of Physical Culture" (architect Yu.G. Zhura); NPF Potok Inter (engineer A.V. Nagolkin); State Unitary Enterprise "MNIITEP" (engineer V.A. Ionin).
BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND WORKS
Introduction date 2010-01-01
1 AREA OF USE
1.1. These rules and regulations apply to the design of new, reconstructed and overhauled public buildings up to 55 m high * with a basement floor and multi-level parking lots designed according to SNiP 21-02. The requirements of these norms also apply to public premises built into residential buildings and other objects that meet the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for public buildings built into these objects (hereinafter referred to as public buildings).
1.2. For public premises built into residential buildings and built-in-attached to them, one should also take into account the requirements SNiP 31-01.
1.3. Placement in public buildings and structures of premises for other purposes is allowed subject to compliance with environmental, sanitary-epidemiological and safety requirements corresponding to public buildings.
1.4. The provisions of these standards should be observed when designing buildings and premises of institutions and enterprises of various forms of ownership and various organizational and legal forms.
1.5. A list of the main groups of buildings and public premises to which these rules and regulations apply is given in Appendix A.
1.6. Terms used in the text and their definitions are given in Annex B.
1.7. These standards do not apply to the design of seasonal and mobile buildings and structures for public purposes.
_________________________________________________________________________
*Hereinafter, except for specially stipulated cases, the height of the building is determined by the height of the upper floor, not counting the upper technical floor, and the height of the floor is determined by the difference in elevations of the passage surface for fire trucks and the lower boundary of the opening opening (window) in the outer wall.
2. REGULATORY REFERENCES
Regulatory documents, to which there are references in the text of these standards, are given in Annex B.
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1. Planning and equipment of buildings, groups of premises or individual premises, as well as sections of public institutions intended for direct service to the population and accessible, in accordance with the design assignment, for the disabled and other groups of visitors with limited mobility (spectators, buyers, students, etc.) .), must meet the requirements SNiP 35-01, as well as SP 35-101 and SP 35-103.
3.2. The rules for calculating the total, usable and estimated area, building volume, building area and number of storeys of buildings are given in annex D.
3.3. The clean height of the premises (from floor to ceiling) is accepted for public buildings, as a rule, at least 3 m. For educational premises of educational institutions, the clean height is at least 3.6 m; in crowded buildings, it is allowed to take a floor height from floor to floor of 3.6 m.
The height of the premises, determined by the functional processes, should be set in accordance with the relevant technological standards and requirements.
In rooms and corridors that are auxiliary to functional processes, depending on the space-planning solution of buildings and technological requirements, a corresponding decrease in height is allowed. In this case, the height must be at least 2.2 m.
The height of built-in public premises with a total capacity of up to 40 people, and retail trade enterprises with a trading area of up to 250 m 2 is allowed to be taken according to the height of the floor of a residential building where they are built.
3.4. The height of the technical floor is determined depending on the type of engineering equipment placed in it, engineering networks and the optimal conditions for their operation. The height in the places of passage of service personnel to the bottom of the protruding structures must be at least 1.8 m.
In the technical floor (technical underground), intended to accommodate only engineering networks with pipelines and pipeline insulation made of non-combustible materials, the height from floor to ceiling must be at least 2.1 m.
3.5. The floor mark of the premises at the entrance to the building should, as a rule, be higher than the mark of the sidewalk in front of the entrance by at least 0.15 m.
It is allowed to take the floor mark at the entrance to the building less than 0.15 m (including the depth below the sidewalk mark), provided that the premises are protected from precipitation.
3.6. The list of premises of public buildings that are allowed to be located in the basement and basement floors is given in Annex D.
3.7. In separate public buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be provided in accordance with the design assignment.
3.8. In public buildings, elevators, escalators, passenger conveyors (travolators), lifting platforms for the disabled, as well as other devices for vertical transportation, taking into account the technology of the design object, can be used as means of vertical transport.
3.9. Passenger elevators are provided:
in public buildings - when the floor of the upper floor is 9.9 m or more from the level of the first floor;
in sanatoriums and sanatoriums; in hotels, camp sites and motels of the category "three stars" - with a mark of the floor of the upper floor of 6.6 m or more from the level of the first floor;
in the buildings of hospitals and maternity hospitals, outpatient clinics; in the buildings of social service institutions, as well as in hotels and motels of the categories "five stars" and "four stars" - at any height of the building.
It is allowed not to provide for the installation of an elevator when adding an attic floor to an existing building.
Hospital elevators should be provided:
in buildings of hospitals (excluding the administrative building), maternity hospitals, hospices, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers; in boarding houses for the disabled, in sanatoriums and sanatoriums with the location of ward (residential) departments on the 2nd floor and above, including the floor to which patients are transported to move to other buildings.
Passenger elevators may not be installed if the design and control system of hospital elevators are also adapted for transporting passenger flows, and their number is sufficient for calculating the carrying capacity of these elevators.
The need to install freight elevators and other means of vertical transport not specified in this paragraph should be provided in accordance with the technological requirements.
3.10. If there are premises in a public building on the second floor (level) and above, intended, among other things, for serving the disabled, passenger elevators or lifting devices for the disabled should be designed in accordance with SNiP 35-01.
3.11. The number of passenger elevators should be set by calculation, but not less than two. It is allowed to replace the second elevator with a freight one, in which it is allowed to transport people, if, according to the calculation of vertical transport in the building, it is enough to install one passenger elevator.
One of the elevators in the building (passenger or cargo) must have a cabin depth of at least 2100 mm in order to be able to transport a person on an ambulance stretcher.
3.12. The distance from the doors of the most remote room to the door of the nearest passenger elevator should be no more than 60 m.
The width of the elevator hall of passenger elevators must be at least:
with a single-row arrangement of elevators - with an elevator cabin depth of up to 1.5 m - 2.0 m, over 1.5 to 2.0 m - 2.5 m, over 2.0 m - 1.3 elevator cabin depths;
with a two-row arrangement with a common elevator hall - twice the smallest cabin depth, but not more than 5 m.
In front of elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more, the width of the elevator hall must be at least 2.5 m.
3.13. Ventilation chambers, elevator shafts and engine rooms, pump rooms, engine rooms of refrigeration units, heating points and other rooms with equipment that are a source of noise and vibration, as a rule, should not be located adjacent to, above and below the auditorium and rehearsal rooms, stages, sound equipment rooms, reading rooms, wards, doctors' offices, operating rooms, rooms with children staying in children's institutions, educational rooms, work rooms and offices with a permanent stay of people, living quarters located in public buildings.
Adjacent placement of these premises is permissible provided that they provide standard levels of sound pressure and vibration.
3.14. In public buildings, domestic and drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains should be provided, in accordance with the requirements SNiP 2.04.01 and applications AND.
3.15. In public buildings, heating, ventilation or air conditioning systems should be provided that provide the appropriate temperature, humidity, air purification and disinfection.
Heating, ventilation, air conditioning of public buildings should be designed in accordance with SNiP 41-01, SanPiN 2.1.3.1375, SP 2.5.1198, GOST 30494, GOST R ISO 14644-4, GOST R 52539 and the requirements of these regulations.
3.16. In public buildings, electrical equipment, electric lighting, a telephone network with access to public telephone networks, a television and radio broadcasting reception network, and a wired broadcasting network should be provided.
During a feasibility study, as well as in accordance with the design assignment, building complexes, individual buildings or premises are equipped with electric clock installations, a security alarm system, informatization and sound systems, automation and dispatching systems for engineering equipment of buildings and other types of devices.
Fire alarm and fire warning systems must be provided in accordance with the requirements SP 3.13130 and SP 5.13130.
Buildings of preschool educational institutions, schools, boarding schools for the disabled and the elderly, homes for disabled children must be equipped with an automatic fire alarm information transmission channel to the fire department.
3.17. When designing premises in public buildings equipped with video display terminals, PCs and other computer equipment, one should take into account the requirements SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340 and access to the Internet.
3.18. Electrical devices of public buildings, and, if necessary, backup power supplies should be designed in accordance with the requirements SP 31-110, GOST R 50571.28 and Rules for the installation of electrical installations.
3.19. Lightning protection of public buildings is carried out taking into account the presence of television antennas and pipe racks of the telephone network or wired broadcasting network in accordance with SO 153-34.21.122.
3.20. Domestic gas supply systems for public buildings should be provided in accordance with SNiP 42-01.
Installation of gas equipment in the kitchens of preschool educational institutions, canteens and cafes of theaters and cinemas is not allowed.
In medical institutions, centralized medical gas supply should be provided in accordance with GOST 12.2.052, OST 290.004 and PB 03-576.
3.21. Through openings in buildings and structures at the ground or first floor level (pedestrian and other passages or driveways) not intended for the passage of fire engines, it is permissible to make any configuration, subject to the height required for unhindered passage or passage.
Through passages in buildings should be taken at least 3.5 m wide (clearly) and at least 4.25 m high.
3.22. The sizes of the land plots of public buildings, as well as the norms for calculating institutions and service enterprises are taken in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01. Plots of public buildings, residential and other buildings should be located within the red lines established in the planning projects developed on the basis of master plans and rules for land use and development of settlements.
3.23. In buildings of I, II and III climatic regions and IV climatic subdistrict, at all external entrances to the lobby and stairwells, vestibules with a depth of at least 1.2 m and a width equal to the width of the front door plus at least 0.3 m should be provided on the ground floor. Vestibules should have natural light.
Entrances to buildings in climatic subregions 1a, 1b and 1d should have vestibules, the layout and placement of which should provide for the possibility of arranging both a direct (through) passage into the building and a side (with a turn).
3.24. Roofs should be designed taking into account the following requirements:
Up to two floors inclusive - an unorganized drain with the obligatory arrangement of canopies over the entrances and balconies of the second floor, the removal of the cornice must be at least 0.6 m;
Up to five floors inclusive - an external organized drain must be provided;
Six or more floors - an internal drain must be arranged.
On the roof of buildings above 10 m, fencing should be provided in accordance with GOST 25772.
3.25. The design of public buildings and structures that have parameters outside these standards and requirements, as well as in the absence of technological standards for their design, is carried out according to special technical conditions in accordance with the established procedure.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MAIN PREMISES
4.1. The composition of the premises and their areas are determined in accordance with the technology of functional processes of the relevant types of public buildings and in accordance with the design standards given in these standards.
4.2. The reduction in the norms of areas established for individual premises or groups of premises should not exceed 10%; and for premises built into residential buildings - 15%. The indicated decrease in the norms should not worsen the process of activity in these premises.
4.3. In preschool educational institutions (hereinafter - preschool educational institutions), the composition and area of \u200b\u200bthe main premises of a complete group cell (for general institutions), as well as small group cells, are taken according to table 4.1. The areas of the main premises of preschool institutions of a compensating type, taking into account the type of disease, should be taken according to SanPiN 2.4.1.1249.
Table 4.1
|
Premises |
Complete group cell (universal for nursery and preschool groups), m 2 |
Small group cell |
|
|
nursery for 1 child, not less, m 2 |
preschool for 1 child, not less, m 2 |
||
|
group |
|||
|
Bedroom |
|||
|
dressing room |
|||
|
dressing room |
|||
|
buffet |
|||
4.4. Group cells of different age groups of preschool educational institutions should be placed separately from each other and other premises.
Dressing rooms for preschool groups located on the second or third floor may be provided on the first floor.
4.5. In buildings of preschool educational institutions in 1A, 1B and 1G climatic sub-areas, heated walking verandas should be provided for one place, at least m 2:
1.8 - for toddlers;
2 - for preschool children.
Walking verandas for toddlers and preschool children should be separate.
4.6. There must be at least two dispersed evacuation exits from each group cell.
4.7. The area of premises for groups of short-term stay of preschoolers at residential buildings (preparatory for school and walking groups) should be taken for each group: group - 40 m 2, dressing room - 18 m 2, toilet - 16 m 2, pantry - 3.8 m 2.
The structure of the premises should also include a room (dressing room) for personnel with a restroom.
4.8. In a preschool educational institution of a general type, two halls should be provided: one for music, the other for physical education, with an area of at least 100 m 2 each. In a preschool educational institution with a capacity of up to 5 groups (100 seats), inclusive, one common room for music and physical education is allowed. Halls should not be walk-through.
4.9. The dimensions of the pool baths in a general preschool educational institution should be 3-4 m wide, 6-7 m long. The water depth should be from 0.6 to 0.8 m.
4.10. Educational sections for grades 1 and grades 2-4 should be separate and impassable for students of other age groups.
4.11. The areas of the main educational premises of general educational institutions (hereinafter referred to as schools), institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, institutions of higher professional education (hereinafter referred to as higher educational institutions) should be taken according to table 4.2.
Table 4.2
|
Premises |
Area per 1 student, not less than, m 2 |
|
Classrooms of schools with the forms of classes: |
|
|
frontal |
|
|
mixed and individual |
|
|
group |
|
|
Special classrooms and laboratories in the natural sciences (except for higher educational institutions) |
|
|
Lecture audiences up to 75 seats in gymnasiums and lyceums |
|
|
General theoretical (general education) laboratories: |
|
|
in institutions of secondary vocational education; |
|
|
in higher education institutions |
|
|
Laboratories and offices of vocational and special profile: |
|
|
2,4* |
|
|
in higher education institutions |
|
|
Cabinet of Informatics and Computer Engineering, computer class |
6 (for 1 place at the display) |
|
Language labs: |
|
|
in all educational institutions, except for higher educational institutions; |
|
|
in higher education institutions |
|
|
Cabinets of drawing, course and diploma design: |
|
|
in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education; |
|
|
in higher education institutions |
|
|
Audiences with number of seats: |
|
|
12-15 |
|
|
in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education 50-150 |
|
|
in higher educational institutions and educational complexes: |
|
|
From 50-75 |
|
|
76 to 100 |
|
|
101 to 150 |
|
|
151 to 350 |
|
|
351 and more |
|
|
Workshops for labor training and socially useful labor (except for training and production workshops) in schools |
|
|
*The total area of the laboratory must additionally include an area for the placement of technological equipment according to the profile of training. |
|
|
Note. The area of classrooms not listed in Table 4.2 is set by the design task. |
|
4.12. When designing educational premises of educational institutions equipped with computer technology, one should be guided by SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03 and SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02. It is necessary to provide for the exit of the local computer network of the building to the global computer network (Internet).
4.13. Bedrooms in boarding schools and boarding schools at schools should be provided with an area of at least 4 m 2 per student.
The area of the bedroom - playroom for students of the first grade of schools should be taken at the rate of at least 2.5 m 2 per student.
4.14. In school buildings, medical facilities should be provided, the composition and area of \u200b\u200bwhich are established in the design assignment.
4.15. The area of administrative premises of public buildings should be taken according to SNiP 31-05. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that at least 6 m 2 should fall on one employee in these premises, excluding the area intended for the placement of office equipment.
4.16. Laboratory and industrial premises of a technical and natural direction in educational and administrative buildings should be designed taking into account the requirements SNiP 31-03.
4.17. The capacity of the wards of medical institutions should be no more than 4 beds. The capacity of wards for newborns, postoperative, resuscitation and intensive care wards should be no more than 12 beds.
The approximate area in the wards of medical institutions from two beds or more should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per 1 bed according to table 4.3.
Table 4.3
|
Branches |
|
|
For adults: |
|
|
intensive care |
|
|
Postoperative |
|
|
Other |
|
|
For children under 7 years old: |
|
|
With mothers day stay |
|
|
With round the clock stay mothers |
|
|
Orthopedotraumatological, neurosurgical, burn, radiological, rehabilitation treatment, etc. for patients moving with the help of wheelchairs |
|
|
intensive care |
|
|
Postoperative |
|
|
Other |
|
|
For newborns: |
|
|
In wards for children with day stay of mothers |
|
|
For children with round-the-clock mothers |
|
|
Intensive care, postoperative care for newborns |
The minimum area of single-bed rooms (excluding the area of locks and bathrooms) is shown in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4
|
Department profile |
Area for 1 bed, not less than, m 2 |
|
Medico-social (in nursing homes and departments and hospices) |
|
|
Rehabilitation, neurosurgical, orthopedic trauma, burn, radiology and wheelchair wards |
|
|
For newborns |
|
|
For children under 7 with round-the-clock stay of mothers |
|
|
For adults or children over 7 with an accompanying person |
|
|
For burn patients |
|
|
Intensive care and postoperative |
|
|
Other |
4.18. Procedural X-ray rooms, rooms and rooms of radiation therapy departments, in which sources of ionizing radiation are located, rooms of radioisotope diagnostics laboratories, where work of classes I and II is carried out, is not allowed to be placed adjacent (horizontally or vertically) with wards for pregnant women and children.
4.19. The calculated indicator of the area of living rooms in sanatoriums, sanatoriums and recreation facilities per one place should be taken according to table 4.5.
The area of the living room must be at least 12 m 2.
Table 4.5
4.20. The area of the auditoriums should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per seat, not less than, m 2, for:
year-round cinemas - 1.0;
seasonal cinemas - 0.9;
clubs - 0.65;
theaters, concert and universal halls - 0.7;
small, chamber theaters - 0.9.
The area of the auditorium with balconies, boxes and tiers should be determined within the enclosing structures:
for cinemas - including stage;
for clubs, theatres, concert and multi-purpose halls - up to the front edge of the stage, stage, proscenium, arena or orchestra pit barrier.
The height of the level of the stage floor (proscenium, stage) above the floor level of the first row of seats in halls with a horizontal floor should be no more than 1.1 m.
4.21. The area of conference rooms should be taken according to the calculated area per seat, not less than, m 2:
in halls up to 150 seats:
with music stands by the chairs - 1.25;
without music stands - 1.1;
in halls for 150 or more seats:
with music stands by the chairs - 1.1;
without music stands - 1.0.
4.22. The area of the assembly hall (excluding the stage) should be taken according to the calculated indicator for one spectator seat, not less than, m 2:
in educational institutions,
in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education - 0.65;
in higher educational institutions - 0.8.
4.23. The foyer area should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per one seat in the halls, not less than, m 2:
at assembly halls of institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, cinema halls and sports and entertainment halls - 0.4;
in theaters, clubs, concert halls, assembly halls of higher educational institutions - 0.6;
in cinemas - 0.55;
in cinemas with a universal hall - 0.7;
in children's cinemas - 0.8.
Recreations of educational institutions are designed at the rate of 2 m 2 per student, as a rule, in the form of halls. Recreational facilities of primary and secondary vocational education institutions are designed at the rate of 0.6 m 2 per student, and in higher educational institutions and educational complexes - 0.5 m 2 per student.
4.24. The parameters of the cinema screen and the auditorium in cultural and entertainment institutions when equipped with cinema installations are given in Annex E.
4.25. It is recommended to take the volume of auditoriums and auditoriums for one seat, at least, m 3:
drama theaters - 4-5;
cinemas - 4-6;
clubs - 4-7;
musical drama theaters and theaters of musical comedy - 5-7;
opera and ballet theaters - 6-8;
audiences - 4-5;
concert halls - according to the design assignment.
Note - Depending on the space-planning solution of the hall, it is allowed to increase or decrease the indicated values by 20%, and with the application of appropriate engineering solutions - by more than 20%.
4.26. The placement of assembly and sports halls of educational institutions, their total area, as well as the set of premises for club work should be specified, depending on local conditions, based on the possibility of serving the population with these premises.
4.27. The total area of physical culture and sports halls and premises (excluding auxiliary premises for them) should be taken based on one student, not less than, m 2:
basic and complete secondary school - 0.9;
educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education - 1.0;
educational institutions of postgraduate education - 0.2.
The dimensions and arrangement of physical culture and sports halls and ancillary facilities for them are determined in accordance with the requirements SanPiN 2.4.2.1178,SanPiN 2.1.2.1188, parts 1 and 2 SP 31-112.
The need for a swimming pool and an athletics arena is established by the design task.
4.28. The area of the reading room in the mass libraries of the centralized library system should be taken at least 2.4 m 2 per reading place (when the reading room is equipped with single or double tables).
4.29. The area of premises for closed storage of library collections and archival documents should be taken at least 2.5 m 2 per 1000 storage units.
The area of the area of open access funds of reading rooms and subscription must be at least 4.5 m 2 per 1000 storage units.
4.30. The total area of the library of educational institutions should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per student (student), not less than, m 2:
in schools and institutions of primary vocational education - 0.6;
in institutions of secondary vocational education - 0.8;
in higher education institutions:
technical profile - 1.1;
humanitarian and medical profile - 1.3;
culture - 2.3.
4.31. The area of the dining room (without a distributing room) should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per one seat in the hall, not less than, m 2:
in schools (per 1/3 of the number of students, teachers, administration):
up to 80 seats in the hall - 0.75;
for 80 or more seats in the hall - 0.7;
in institutions of primary vocational education - 0.8;
in institutions of secondary vocational education - 1.3;
at higher educational institutions - 1.8;
at hospitals for the rehabilitation treatment of orthopedic and neurological profiles, at social institutions with disabled people in wheelchairs - 2.5;
at medical and social institutions with a hospital - 1.2;
in restaurants - 1.8;
the same, with a stage and a dance floor - 2.0;
in public canteens - 1.8;
in cafes, snack bars and beer bars - 1.6;
in cafes, fast food and non-alcoholic bars, in tourist huts and shelters - 1.4;
in children's health camps (summer) and health camps for high school students - 1.0;
in sanatorium children's health camps - 1.4;
in sanatoriums, sanatoriums, rest houses (boarding houses), recreation centers, youth camps, tourist bases:
at self-service (including a distributing line) - 1.8;
when served by waiters - 1.4.
The area of dining halls in specialized catering establishments should be taken according to the design assignment.
4.32. In public buildings, the vestibule is accepted - 0.2-0.3 m 2, and the wardrobe - 0.15 m 2 per calculated visitor.
4.33. Sanitary facilities should be provided separately for service personnel, workers, etc., as well as for visitors, spectators, etc. For the calculation of sanitary appliances, the ratio of men and women is assumed to be 1:1, unless otherwise specified in the design assignment.
4.34. The design load on one sanitary appliance is assigned depending on the type of public building:
men - 1 toilet for: 20 to 30 people. (for employees, schoolchildren), from 50 to 60 people. (for visitors); 1 urinal for: 15 to 18 people (for employees), from 50 to 80 people. (for visitors), 0.5 tray urinal (for 30 students); 1 washbasin for 4 toilets (but not less than 1 per lavatory);
women - 1 toilet per: no more than 15 people. (for employees), 20 people (for schoolgirls); from 25 to 30 people (for visitors); 1 washbasin for 2 toilets (but at least 1 per lavatory).
Notes:
1. The specific number of devices is specified depending on the purpose of the institution.
2. A set of additional sanitary appliances and their throughput in the buildings of preschool educational institutions, hospitals of medical and social institutions, in sports and sports facilities are established by the technological task.
4.35. In women's restrooms for those working in a public building, for artists and staff of a spectator or club complex, in dormitories of educational institutions, dormitories of boarding schools, a hygienic shower, bidet or other hygienic equipment is additionally provided. It should be placed in the same cubicle together with the toilet.
4.36. Restrooms in public buildings and structures (except for outdoor sports facilities) should be located at a distance not exceeding 75 m from the most remote place of permanent residence of people.
On open plane sports facilities, ski and rowing bases, etc. the distance from the places of practice or the most remote place in the stands for spectators to the restrooms should not exceed 150 m.
For seasonal use of buildings or open structures in non-sewered areas, special places should be allocated for the installation of dry closets.
4.37. At the wards of hospitals of medical and social institutions, approximate sanitary facilities should be provided. The doors of the bathrooms can open both into the sluice at the ward, and directly into the ward.
4.38. Buildings should provide facilities for storing, cleaning and drying cleaning equipment, equipped with a hot and cold water supply system and, as a rule, adjacent to latrines. The area of these premises should be taken at the rate of 0.8 m 2 for every 100 m 2 of the floor area, but not less than 4 m 2.
All documents presented in the catalog are not their official publication and are intended for informational purposes only.
Approved
Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia
SET OF RULES
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
UPDATED VERSION OF SNiP 31-06-2009
public buildings and works
SP 118.13330.2012
List of changing documents
(as amended by Change No. 1, approved by Order
Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 08/07/2014 N 438 / pr)
OKS 91.040.10
Introduction date
Foreword
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for developing sets of rules - by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 N 858 "On the Procedure development and approval of codes of practice”.
SNiP 31 06 2009. Information about the set of rules
1. Performers: Open Joint Stock Company "Institute of Public and Residential Buildings, Structures and Complexes" (JSC "Institute of Public Buildings").
2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction".
3. Prepared for approval by the Department of Architecture, Construction and Urban Policy.
4. Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 29, 2011 N 635/10 and entered into force on January 1, 2013.
5. Registered by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 118.13330.2011 “SNiP 31-06-2009. Public buildings and structures and SNiP 31-05-2003. Public buildings for administrative purposes.
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) on the Internet.
SNiP 31 06 2009. Introduction
The set of rules SP 118.13330.2012 "Public buildings and structures" is an updated edition of the combined SNiP 31-06-2009. Public buildings and structures and SNiP 31-05-2003. Public administrative buildings.
The development and updating of a unified regulatory document is aimed at meeting the requirements of the Federal Law. Both documents, including requirements for the safety of buildings and structures, life and property of citizens, as well as the environment, are updated in pursuance of the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 21, 2010 N 1047-r.
The requirements of the regulatory document are aimed at increasing the level of safety and the degree of compliance of buildings and structures with their functional purpose, at ensuring a reduction in energy costs, the use of uniform methods for determining operational characteristics, at taking into account the requirements of European and interstate regulatory documents, as well as at reducing the number of regulatory documents regulating one area of activity and concentration of requirements in one normative document to facilitate the work of designers.
OJSC "Institute of Public Buildings" (head of the theme, responsible performer - Candidate of Architecture A.M. Garnets, engineers A.A. Afanasiev, L.V. Sigacheva, with the participation of Candidate of Technical Sciences A.I. Tsyganov, engineer N.I. Chernozubova); CJSC Giprozdrav - SPC for Health and Recreation Facilities (Candidate of Architecture L.F. Sidorkova, technologist M.V. Tolmacheva); OAO MosOtis (engineer S.M. Roitburd); State Unitary Enterprise "Krayzhilkommunproekt", Krasnodar (architect A.E. Blinder); with participation - State Unitary Enterprise "MNIITEP" (engineer A.V. Kuzilin); PozhMontazhGroup LLC (engineer A.V. Apakov); FGBOU VPO Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia; cand. tech. Sciences V.N. Siegern-Korn.
SNiP 31 06 2009. 1. Scope
This set of rules applies to the design of new, reconstructed and overhauled public buildings and structures, including those up to 55 m high.<*>, with a buried underground part below the planning elevation of the earth (its highest part, if the building is located on a slope) less than 15 m.
The requirements of this set of rules also apply to public premises built into residential buildings and other objects that meet the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for public buildings (hereinafter referred to as public buildings).
A list of the main groups of buildings and public premises to which this set of rules applies is given in Appendix B.
This set of rules uses normative references to the following normative documents, given in Appendix A.
Note. When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national bodies of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year , and according to the corresponding monthly published information signs published in the current year. If the referenced document is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (modified) document. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.
SNiP 31 06 2009.
3. Terms and definitions
This set of rules uses the terms with the corresponding definitions given in Appendix B.
SNiP 31 06 2009.
4. General requirements
4.1. The placement of buildings and structures on the site allocated for construction must comply with the Town Planning Code.
4.2. The sizes of land plots of public buildings, as well as the norms for calculating institutions and service enterprises are accepted in accordance with SP 42.13330.
4.3. Planning and equipment of buildings, structures, premises, as well as sections of institutions, organizations, public enterprises intended for direct service to the population (visitors, spectators, buyers, students, etc.), for which legislative and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation establish requirements for ensuring unhindered access for disabled people and other groups of the population with limited mobility must comply with the requirements of SP 59.13330. In other cases, the adaptability of buildings and structures to the accessibility of people with limited mobility should be specified in the design assignment approved by the customer.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.4. The rules for calculating the total, usable and estimated areas, construction volume, building area and the number of floors of a public building are given in Appendix D.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.5. The height of clean premises (from floor to ceiling) of newly designed public buildings, including residential premises of sanatoriums, should, as a rule, be at least 3 m, and residential premises of buildings for temporary residence (hotels, boarding houses at hospitals, etc. .) in accordance with SP 54.13330.
In newly designed educational institutions, the height of classrooms from floor to ceiling must be at least 3.3 m, and for buildings of general educational institutions with a capacity of no more than 300 students or located in climatic zone I - at least 3.0 m.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The height of the premises built into residential multi-apartment houses:
public facilities with a total capacity of up to 40 people;
retail trade enterprises with a trading area up to 250 m2 (in accordance with GOST R 51773);
preschool educational organizations
it is allowed to take the height of the floor of a residential building where they are built.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The height of the premises, determined by the functional processes, should be set in accordance with the relevant technological standards and requirements.
In corridors and premises auxiliary to functional processes, the height may be reduced to 2.2 m; in the halls for visitors - not less than 2.4 m.
Note. The height of administrative and service premises is allowed to be at least 2.7 m, taking into account the provisions of SP 44.13330.
In dormitories and boarding schools, the height of the premises is allowed to be at least 2.7 m in cleanliness.
4.6. The height of the technical floor must be at least 2.1 m to the bottom of the building structures. The height in the places of passage of service personnel to the bottom of protruding communications, structures and other elements must be at least 1.8 m. In areas up to 2 m long, the clear height may be reduced to 1.6 m. The height of openings for emergency exits from the technical floor must be not less than 1.8 m.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
In the technical underground, intended to accommodate only engineering networks with pipelines that have insulation from materials with a combustibility group recommended by SP 4.13130 and SP 61.13330, for new construction, the height from floor to ceiling must be at least 1.6 m.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.7. The mark of the site in front of the entrance to the building should, as a rule, be higher than the mark of the sidewalk in front of the entrance by at least 0.15 m. It is allowed to take the mark of the site at floor level, provided that the premises are protected from precipitation.
4.8. The list of premises that are allowed to be located in the basement and basement floors of public buildings is given in Appendix D.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.9. In public buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be provided in accordance with the design assignment and SP 88.13330.
4.10. In public buildings, elevators, escalators, lifting platforms for the disabled and other vertical transportation devices should be used as means of vertical transport, taking into account the technology of the designed facility. They must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the relevant regulatory documents, as well as in the instructions and instructions of the manufacturers.
4.11. Passenger elevators are provided:
in newly designed public buildings - when the floor of the upper floor is 9.9 m or more from the level of the first floor;
in newly designed sanatoriums, in hotels, tourist camps and motels of the category "three stars" - if the floor of the upper floor is 6.6 m or more from the level of the first floor (if they are not subject to the requirements of SP 59.13330);
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
in the buildings of hospitals and maternity hospitals, outpatient organizations, educational organizations, sanatoriums of social service institutions, as well as in hotels and motels of the five-star and four-star categories - if there are two or more floors.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
It is allowed not to provide for the installation of an elevator in the case of a superstructure of an existing building with an attic floor when justified in the technological part of the project.
Hospital elevators should be provided:
in the buildings of hospitals, maternity hospitals, hospices, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, boarding schools for the disabled and the elderly, in sanatoriums located above the first floor of ward, residential and other departments (premises), where patients can be transported on a stretcher.
If there are hospital elevators in the building, the design and system of which is also adapted for transporting passenger flows, passenger elevators may not be installed.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.12. The need to install freight elevators and other means of vertical transport not specified in this section should be provided in accordance with the technological requirements.
4.13. The number of passenger elevators is determined by calculation and must be at least two. It is allowed to replace the second elevator with a passenger-and-freight one, in which it is allowed to transport people, if, according to the calculation of vertical transport in the building, it is enough to install one passenger elevator. It is allowed in preschool educational and general educational organizations to provide for one elevator with a carrying capacity of at least 630 kg, if the calculation requires no more than one, and measures are provided for the evacuation of disabled people in a wheelchair.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
One of the elevators in the building must have a cabin size of at least 2100 x 1100 mm or 1100 x 2100 mm in order to be able to transport a person on a sanitary stretcher. If a door opening is provided on the wide side of the lift, it must be shifted from the center to the side and have an opening width of 1200 mm.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.14. The distance from the doors of the most remote room to the door of the nearest passenger elevator should be no more than 60 m.
The width of the elevator hall of passenger elevators must be at least:
with a single-row arrangement of elevators - 2.0 m - with a depth of the elevator cabin up to 1500 mm; 2.5 m - over 1500 to 2000 mm; 1.3 elevator cabin depth - over 2000 mm;
with a two-row arrangement of elevators - twice the depth of the cabin of smaller sizes.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.15. Ventilation chambers, elevator shafts and engine rooms, pump rooms, engine rooms of refrigeration units, heating points and other rooms with equipment that are a source of noise and vibration, as a rule, should not be located adjacent to, above and below the auditorium and rehearsal rooms, stages, sound equipment rooms, reading rooms, wards, doctors' offices, operating rooms, rooms with children staying in children's institutions, educational rooms, work rooms and offices with a permanent stay of people, living quarters located in public buildings.
Adjacent placement, as well as above and below the indicated premises, is permissible provided that they provide the standard levels of sound pressure and vibration, which must be confirmed by calculations according to SP 51.13330 and comply with SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562, SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.583, CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.566.
4.16. In public buildings, it is necessary to provide drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with the requirements of SP 30.13330.
Hot water supply points to sanitary appliances and technological and other equipment must be provided in accordance with sanitary standards and requirements for equipment, and in other cases - according to the design assignment.
4.17. In public buildings, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems should be provided that provide temperature, humidity, air purification and disinfection that meet the requirements of the technological part of the project.
Heating, ventilation, air conditioning of public buildings, as well as smoke ventilation during a fire, should be designed in accordance with SP 7.13330, SP 60.13330, SanPiN 2.1.3.2630, GOST 30494, GOST R 52539 and the requirements of this set of rules.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.18. In public buildings, electrical equipment, electric lighting, a telephone communication system with access to public telephone networks, a television reception network, as well as an integrated low-voltage network that combines central, local radio broadcasting and warning of fire and other natural disasters should be provided.
In accordance with the design assignment, building complexes, individual buildings or premises can be equipped with electric clock installations, a security alarm system, local (internal) telephone communication devices, local television installations, simultaneous speech translation, time signaling installations, informatization and sound systems, automation systems and dispatching of engineering equipment of the building, gas pollution alarm devices (smoke and flooding) and other systems.
Fire warning and evacuation control systems must be provided in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Buildings of preschool educational organizations, general educational institutions, boarding schools for the disabled and the elderly, homes for disabled children, medical institutions should be equipped with a channel for transmitting information to the central monitoring console.
4.19. When designing premises in public buildings equipped with PCs, video display terminals and other electronic equipment, one should take into account the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340 and its additions, and also provide for the possibility of connecting to an information and telecommunication network (Internet).
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.20. Electrical devices of public buildings, as well as backup power supplies (if necessary) should be designed in accordance with GOST R 50571.28.
4.21. Lightning protection of buildings is carried out taking into account the presence of television antennas and pipe racks of the telephone network or wired broadcasting network. Lightning protection devices are given in.
4.22. Domestic gas supply systems for public buildings should be provided in accordance with SP 62.13330.
The installation of gas equipment in the kitchens of preschool and educational institutions, in catering units built into medical hospitals, buffets and cafes of theaters and cinemas is not allowed.
In medical institutions, centralized medical gas supply should be provided. The distance between the buildings of medical institutions not lower than the degree of fire resistance III to tanks with a total amount of liquid air separation products of not more than 16 tons should be taken at least 9 m. Oxygen cylinders (no more than 10 pieces, each with a capacity of 40 liters) should be installed in special fireproof cabinets near the outer walls (in the walls) at a distance of at least 4 m from window and door openings horizontally and vertically. Laying pipelines for transporting nitrous oxide and oxygen in stairwells and elevator lobbies is not allowed. The gas supply must be designed in accordance with current regulations.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.23. Through passages and passages in buildings and structures at the ground or ground floor level (pedestrian passages or passages not intended for the passage of fire engines), it is permissible to make any configuration, subject to the dimensions necessary for unobstructed passage or passage.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Through passages in buildings intended for the passage of fire engines should be taken at least 3.5 m wide (clearly) and at least 4.5 m high.
Courtyards less than 250 m2 inside the building do not require the passage of fire engines.
4.24. In buildings, at all external entrances for visitors to the lobby and stairwells, vestibules with internal dimensions according to SP 59.13330 or the installation of air-thermal curtains according to SP 60.13330 should be provided at the entrance level.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Entrances to buildings in climatic subregions Ia, Ib and Ig should have double vestibules, the layout and placement of which should provide for the possibility of arranging both a direct (through) passage into the building and a side (with a turn).
Outside vestibules should have natural light.
It is allowed to install insulated doors without a vestibule in stairwells, if the exit from them is intended only for evacuation according to the technological part of the project.
4.25. Pitched roof coverings should be designed taking into account the following requirements for buildings:
up to two floors inclusive - an unorganized drain is allowed with the obligatory installation of canopies over the entrances and balconies of the second floor, the removal of the cornice must be at least 0.6 m;
up to five floors inclusive - an organized, including an external drain, must be provided;
six or more floors - an internal drain must be provided.
Buildings with a height of three floors or more with a flat roof must be equipped with a system of internal drains with water drained into an external rain sewer, and in the absence of the latter, onto a landscaped ground surface. In this case, measures must be taken to prevent the risers from freezing in winter.
At differences in roof heights of more than 1.5 m, unorganized discharge to the underlying level is not allowed.
4.26. When designing residential premises in temporary residence buildings, the requirements of SP 54.13330 should also be taken into account.
4.27. In buildings, it is allowed to provide for production and storage facilities required by the technology of the activities of institutions and included in their composition, which should be reflected in the design assignment.
4.28. Placement in public buildings and structures of premises for other purposes is allowed subject to compliance with environmental, sanitary and epidemiological requirements and safety requirements corresponding to public buildings.
4.29. When designing public buildings, in addition to this set of rules, regulatory requirements for certain types of buildings should also be applied, in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.1331, SanPiN 2.1.2.2631, SanPiN 2.3.6.1079, SanPiN 2.4.3.1186.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
4.30. The list of premises, the placement of which, according to the process of operation of public buildings, is allowed in the basement and basement floors, is given in Appendix D.
SNiP 31 06 2009.
5. Optimal safe parameters of the main premises
5.1. The composition of the premises and their areas are determined in accordance with the technology of the functional processes of the relevant types of public buildings and in accordance with the design standards given in this set of rules.
5.2. Reduction in the project of the norm of areas established for individual premises or groups of premises is allowed up to 10%; and for premises built into residential buildings - 15%. The indicated decrease in the norms should not worsen the process of activity in these premises.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.3. For newly constructed buildings of preschool educational organizations (hereinafter - PEO), the recommended areas of a group cell of a general developmental orientation are taken according to table 5.1 *.
Rooms Infant and Toddler Group (up to 3 years old) Preschool Group (from 3 to 7 years old)
Dressing room 18 m2 - for the whole group 18 m2 - for the whole group
Group 2.5 m2 - per child 2.0 m2 - per child
Pantry 3.0 m2 - for the whole group 3.0 m2 - for the whole group
Bedroom 1.8 m2 - per child 2.0 m2 - per child
Dressing room 12 m2 - for the whole group 16 m2 - for the whole group
Note. For a group of less than 10 children, the dressing room area is taken at the rate of 1.0 m2 per child, but not less than 6.0 m2.
The composition and areas of group cells and specialized premises for special preschools, taking into account the type of disease, are given in SanPiN 2.4.1.3049.
(clause 5.3 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.4. Group cells of different age groups of preschool educational institutions should be placed separately from each other and other premises.
Dressing rooms for preschool groups located on the second or third floors may be provided on the first floor.
5.5. In preschool buildings in climatic subdistricts IA, IB and IG, it is recommended to provide heated walking verandas at the rate of at least 2 m2 per child, with provision for ventilation of the verandas.
Walking verandas for toddlers and preschool children should be separate.
5.6. There must be at least two dispersed evacuation exits from each group cell.
5.7. The area of premises for groups of short-term stay of children for more than 5 hours should be taken according to table 5.1 *. For children staying less than 5 hours, the bedroom is not provided.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The structure of the premises should also include a room (dressing room) for personnel with a restroom.
5.8. In general preschool buildings with a capacity of more than 120 seats, two halls should be provided: one for music, the other for physical education, with an area of at least 75 m2 each. In the designed buildings of preschool educational institutions with a capacity of 120 seats or less and in existing buildings, it is allowed to provide one common hall for music and physical education with an area of at least 75 m2. Halls should not be walk-through.
Note. According to the design assignment, the use of transformable partitions is allowed.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The halls are equipped with pantries for storing physical culture and musical equipment with an area of at least 6 m2.
5.9. In preschool buildings, pools are provided for by the design task. The dimensions of the pool baths in a general preschool institution should be 3–4 m wide and 6–7 m long. The water depth should be from 0.6 to 0.8 m. The requirements for the construction of swimming pools, their operation, and the quality of swimming pool water pools and quality control in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.2.1188.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
It is allowed to create rooms for group cells for children. It is allowed to organize a group for preschool children in educational organizations of other types (in addition to preschool ones) if they have premises that meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.1.3049 and amendments to it.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.10. Educational sections for the 1st grade and 2nd - 4th grades should be separate and impassable for students of other age groups.
5.11. The areas of the main educational premises for newly built general education organizations (hereinafter - schools), organizations of primary and secondary vocational education, organizations of higher professional education (hereinafter - higher educational institutions) should be taken according to table 5.2.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.12. When designing educational premises of educational organizations equipped with computer technology, one should be guided by SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340 and SanPiN 2.4.2.2821. It is necessary to provide for the access of the local computer network of the building to the Internet.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.13. Sleeping rooms in boarding schools and boarding schools at schools should be provided with an area of at least 4 m2 per student, and the area of premises for self-training - at least 2.5 m2 per student.
The area of the bedroom-game room for students of the 1st grade of schools attending an extended day group should be taken at the rate of at least 2.5 m2 per student.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.14. In school buildings, medical facilities should be provided, the composition and area of \u200b\u200bwhich are established in the design assignment.
5.15. Premises in administrative buildings comprise the following main functional groups:
a) management offices;
b) working premises of structural divisions;
c) meeting rooms and (or) conference rooms;
d) premises for information and technical purposes, including: technical libraries, design offices, archives, media library premises, etc.;
e) entrance group of premises, including the vestibule, ante-lobby, cloakroom, pass office, security room;
f) premises for social services for employees;
g) premises for the maintenance of the organization;
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
i) premises for engineering maintenance of the building.
The area of offices and receptions of the management of institutions, organizations and enterprises is recommended to be taken according to table 5.3.
5.16. The composition of the premises of functional groups in the organizations specified in listings a) - d) and g) 5.15 is established in the design assignment, and their area and functional relationship are determined by technological requirements.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
In the absence of such standards, at least 6 m2 should be taken per employee in the premises of the functional group b).
The area of working rooms of structural divisions should be determined based on one workplace, not less than:
head of department, chief specialist, chief accountant ……. 9 m2;
Deputy Head of Department (Chief Accountant),
senior inspector, etc. …………………………………. 7.5 m2;
engineer, economist, accountant, inspector …………………. 6.5 m2;
programmer, maintenance and repair personnel,
inspector, clerk, computer operator …………………… 6 m2.
The area of the office for one employee conducting individual reception of visitors (lawyers, employees of social services, administrators, etc.) must be at least 12 m2.
5.17. The administrative divisions include server rooms, automatic telephone exchanges, rooms for copying equipment and other technical rooms that provide modern work technologies, based on the number of employees and the profile of the organization.
5.18. The composition and areas of specialized premises of buildings of credit and financial, judicial and legal and other organizations are determined in the design assignment, taking into account departmental standards.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.19. The area of waiting rooms for visitors (except for the waiting rooms of medical organizations) is taken per person: with a one-time number of visitors up to 10 people - 2 m2, up to 20 people - 1.5 m2 and 1.0 m2 for each next visitor.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.20. Laboratory and industrial premises for various purposes in the buildings of educational and administrative organizations should be designed taking into account the requirements of SP 56.13330.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
When designing the premises of copiers, one should be guided by SanPiN 2.2.2.1332.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.21. The capacity of the wards of medical organizations should be no more than four beds. The capacity of wards for newborns, postoperative, resuscitation and intensive care wards should be no more than 12 beds.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The area in the wards of newly constructed medical organizations should be taken according to SP 15?.13330.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Table 5.4. Removed from September 1, 2014. - Change No. 1, approved. Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr.
5.22. Procedural X-ray rooms, rooms and rooms of radiation therapy departments, in which sources of ionizing radiation are located, rooms of radioisotope diagnostics laboratories, where class I and II work is carried out, are not allowed to be placed adjacent (horizontally or vertically) with wards for pregnant women and children.
5.23. The area of the auditoriums should be determined according to the calculated indicator of the area per seat, m2, at least, for the following premises:
year-round cinemas ……………………….. 1.0;
» seasonal » …………………………… 0.9;
clubs …………………………………………………….. 0.65;
theaters, concert and universal halls ……………………. 0.7;
small, chamber theaters ……………………………………… 0.9.
The area of the auditorium with balconies, boxes and tiers should be taken within the enclosing structures:
for cinemas - including stage;
for clubs, theatres, concert halls and multi-purpose halls - up to the front edge of the stage, stage, proscenium, arena or orchestra pit barrier.
The height of the level of the stage floor (proscenium, stage) above the floor level of the first row of seats in halls with a horizontal floor should be no more than 1.1 m.
5.24. The area of conference halls should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per seat, m2, not less than:
in halls up to 150 seats:
with music stands by the chairs …………………………………….. 1.25;
without music stands ……………………………………………. 1.1;
in halls for 150 seats or more:
with music stands by the chairs …………………………………….. 1.1;
without music stands ……………………………………………. 1.0.
5.25. The area of the assembly hall (excluding the stage) should be taken according to the calculated index per one seat, m2, not less than:
and secondary vocational education ………………………. 0.65;
in higher educational institutions ………………………………. 0.8.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.26. The area of the foyer should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per one seat in the halls, m2, not less than:
at assembly halls of professional educational organizations
and cinema halls of public buildings ………………………………. 0.4;
in theaters, clubs, concert halls, assembly halls
institutions of higher education …………………………………….. 0.6;
in cinemas ……………………………………………… 0.55;
in buildings with a universal cinema hall or sports
spectacular hall………………………………………………… 0.7;
in children's cinemas ……………………………………. 0.8.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.27. Recreational facilities of educational organizations are designed per student, m2, not less than:
in schools, educational organizations of primary
and secondary vocational education ……………………….. 0.6;
in higher educational institutions and educational complexes …………….. 0.5.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
When designing indoor recreational facilities in schools, the area is set at the rate of 2 m2 per student.
5.28. The parameters of the movie screen and the auditorium in cultural and entertainment organizations when equipped with cinema installations are given in Appendix E.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.29. The volume of auditoriums and auditoriums is recommended to be taken per seat, m3, not less than:
drama theaters …………………………………… 4 – 5;
cinemas ……………………………………………. 4 - 6;
clubs ………………………………………………… 4 – 7;
musical drama theaters and theaters of musical
comedies …………………………………………………… 5 - 7;
opera and ballet theaters …………………………………….. 6 — 8;
audiences ……………………………………………… 4 – 5;
concert halls …………………… according to the design assignment.
Note. Depending on the space-planning solution of the hall, it is allowed to increase or decrease the indicated values by 20%, and if appropriate engineering solutions are applied, by more than 20%.
5.30. The placement of assembly and sports halls of educational organizations, their total area, as well as a set of premises for club work should be established by the design task.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.31. The area of physical culture and sports halls and premises (excluding auxiliary premises for them) should be taken per student, m2, not less than:
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
general educational organization (basic and secondary
(full) school) ……………………………………………… 1.2;
professional educational organizations ………………… 1.0;
educational organization of additional
higher education ………………………………………….. 0.2.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The arrangement of sports halls and ancillary facilities for them is determined in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821, SanPiN 2.1.2.1188. An approximate set of physical culture and sports halls and open sports facilities of educational organizations is given in Appendix G.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The need for a swimming pool and sports facilities for other purposes is established by the design task.
5.32. The area of the reading room in the mass libraries of the centralized library system should be taken at least 2.4 m2 per reading place (when the reading room is equipped with single or double tables).
5.33. The area of indoor storage of library collections and archival materials on paper should be at least 2.5 m2 per 1000 storage units with stationary racks and at least 1.5 m2 per 1000 storage units with mobile racks.
The area of the area of open access funds of reading rooms and subscription must be at least 4.5 m2 per 1000 items of storage.
5.34. The total area of the library of educational institutions should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per student (student), m2, not less than:
in schools and educational organizations of primary
vocational education ………………………………… 0.6;
in higher education institutions:
technical profile …………………………………….. 1.1;
humanitarian and medical profile ………………………. 1.3;
culture ……………………………………………….. 2.3.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.35. The area of the dining hall (without a distributing room) should be taken according to the calculated indicator of the area per one seat in the hall, m2, not less than:
school:
up to 80 seats in the hall ……………………………………….. 0.75;
for 80 or more seats in the hall …………………………………… 0.7;
in educational organizations of primary vocational
education ………………………………………………… 0.8;
in educational institutions of secondary vocational
education ………………………………………………… 1.3;
at higher educational institutions …………………………….. 1.8;
at hospitals for rehabilitation treatment of orthopedic
and neurological profiles, in social organizations
with disabled people in wheelchairs ………………………………… 2.5;
at medical and social organizations with a hospital ………… 1.2;
in restaurants ……………………………………………. 1.8;
the same, with the stage and the dance floor …………………………. 2.0;
in public canteens …………………………………. 1.8;
in cafes, snack bars and beer bars …………………………. 1.6;
in coffee shops, fast food establishments
and non-alcoholic bars, in tourist huts and shelters ………….. 1.4;
in children's health camps (summer) and health
camps for high school students …………………………………….. 1.0;
in sanatorium children's health camps ……………….. 1.4;
in sanatoriums, sanatoriums, houses (boarding houses)
recreation, recreation centers, youth camps, tourist bases:
for self-service (including dispensing line) ……………. 1.8;
when served by waiters ……………………………… 1.4.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
When placing seats in the dining room for students with limited mobility and teachers in wheelchairs, the area of the dining room should be taken at the rate of at least 1.6 m2 per one such seat.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The area of dining halls in specialized catering establishments should be taken according to the design assignment.
5.36. The calculated indicator of the area of living rooms in new construction in sanatoriums, sanatoriums and recreation organizations per place for newly constructed buildings should be taken from Table 5.5.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The area of the living room must be at least 12 m2.
The living room area of a hostel for single occupancy must be at least 9 m2.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.37. The design of hotels and other temporary accommodation facilities, including the composition and area of \u200b\u200bthe premises and their equipment, depending on the category of rooms, should be carried out according to.
(clause 5.37 as amended by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 08/07/2014 N 438 / pr)
5.38. Living rooms for students of professional educational organizations should be provided for 1 - 3 people. The rooms must be impassable, at least 2.2 m wide, with access to the corridor directly or through the gateway-front. Settlement of living rooms of students and graduate students of educational institutions of higher education - no more than two people.
(clause 5.38 as amended by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 08/07/2014 N 438 / pr)
5.39. In public buildings, the lobby is 0.2 - 0.3 m2, wardrobe - 0.15 m2 per calculated visitor, but not less than 18 m2 of the total area.
The depth of the dressing room hanger behind the barrier should not exceed 6 m. A passage of at least 1 m should be provided between the barrier and the hanger.
5.40. The arrangement of latrines in a building where, according to the calculation, there can be less than 50 people at the same time or the time spent by visitors according to the technological parameters of service is less than 60 minutes, is provided for by the design assignment. In administrative, medical and social organizations where visitors are received, the arrangement of latrines for visitors is mandatory.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Sanitary facilities should be provided separately for men and women. At the same time, for service personnel (workers, etc.) and visitors (spectators, etc.), it is possible to arrange both autonomous and common sanitary facilities, depending on technological features and design assignments. When calculating sanitary appliances, the ratio of men and women is assumed to be 1:1, unless otherwise specified in the design assignment.
For organizations with the number of staff (employees, etc.) of no more than 10 people and the number of one-time visitors no more than 10 people, one common bathroom per facility is allowed.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.41. The design load on one sanitary appliance is taken depending on the type of public building:
men - one toilet for: 20 - 30 employees, schoolchildren, 50 - 60 visitors; one urinal for: 15 - 18 employees, 50 - 80 visitors; for 30 schoolchildren; one washbasin for four toilets, but at least one for a lavatory;
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
women - one toilet per: 15 employees, 20 schoolgirls, 25 - 30 visitors; one washbasin for two toilets, but at least one for the restroom.
The share of universal cabins for the disabled in latrines and their dimensions are accepted according to SP 59.13330.
In the men's restrooms there is one washbasin for four toilet bowls, and in the women's restrooms - for two toilet bowls, but not less than one per restroom. In general education organizations, in men's latrines there is one washbasin for three toilet bowls, and in women's - for two toilet bowls.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Notes. 1. The specific number of devices is specified depending on the purpose of the organization.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
2. If there are places of application of labor in a public building, their sanitary category should be taken into account and the calculation of sanitary appliances and their dimensions should be carried out, taking into account SP 44.13330.
3. A set of additional sanitary appliances and their throughput in the buildings of preschool educational institutions, hospitals of medical and social organizations, in sports and sports facilities is established by the technological task.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.42. In grocery stores for customers, latrines with equipment should be provided at the rate of one toilet bowl for every 400 m2 of selling space, and in non-food stores - for every 600 m2, but not less than two toilet bowls. For trade enterprises with a trading floor area of not more than 150 m2 inclusive, bathrooms for customers may not be provided.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
In shopping and entertainment complexes and centers, a mother and child room should be provided at the rate of one place per 1000 customers (visitors), equipped with a changing table, a shower tray, a toilet bowl and a washbasin. Children's play areas should be placed no higher than the second floor and no further than 20 m from the emergency exit.
5.43. In the women's restrooms of public buildings for employees; for artists and staff of spectator or club complexes; in dormitories of professional educational organizations; in the dormitories of boarding schools; at stations, in addition, according to the design assignment, a hygienic shower (on a hose), a bidet or other hygienic equipment is provided.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.44. Restrooms in public buildings and structures (except for outdoor sports facilities) should be located at a distance not exceeding 75 m from the most remote place of permanent residence of people.
On open flat structures, ski and rowing bases, the distance from the places of practice or stands for spectators to the restrooms should not exceed 150 m.
In case of seasonal use of public buildings or open structures and in temporary structures in non-sewered areas, special places should be equipped for the installation of dry closets.
5.45. At the wards of hospitals of medical and social organizations, approximate sanitary facilities, with an area of at least 4 m2, accessible to patients in a wheelchair, should be provided. The doors of the bathrooms can open both into the sluice at the ward, and directly into the ward.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
5.46. Buildings should provide facilities for storing, cleaning and drying cleaning equipment, equipped with a hot and cold water supply system and, as a rule, adjacent to latrines. The area of these premises should be taken at the rate of 0.8 m2 for every 100 m2 of usable floor area, but not less than 2 m2. With a floor area of less than 400 m2, one room should be provided for two adjacent floors.
Premises for cleaning equipment of medical organizations are accepted according to current sanitary standards.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
SNiP 31 06 2009.
6. Ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings
6.1. The building must be erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the possibility of injury to visitors and workers in it when moving inside and around the building, when entering and exiting the building, as well as when using its moving parts and engineering equipment.
6.2. The load-bearing structures of buildings must be designed and erected in such a way that during their construction and under the design operating conditions, the possibility of:
destruction of structures due to the achievement of the limit state of the first group, leading to the need to stop the operation of buildings;
unacceptable deterioration in the operational properties of structures or buildings as a whole due to deformations or cracking and reaching the limit state of the second group;
damage to structures that violate their design parameters.
6.3. The level of responsibility of the designed buildings or structures is determined by GOST R 54257.
With an increased level of responsibility, a calculation should be carried out for an emergency situation defined in the design assignment, the requirements for which are defined in the Federal Law, Article 16, paragraph 6.
6.4. Engineering systems of buildings must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the relevant regulatory documents, as well as instructions, instructions from equipment manufacturers.
Communication security
6.5. The dimensions of the entrance area in front of the door must be at least 1.5 times the width of the door leaf opening outwards. It should have a slope of 0.1 - 0.2% from the building to drain rainwater.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The height of the porch fencing when climbing three or more steps and with a height of more than 0.45 m from the level of the sidewalks must be at least 0.8 m. The use of other fencing devices is permissible.
6.6. When there is a difference in height in a building or structure, stairs, ramps or other lifting devices should be provided.
Stairs are used for vertical movement in the building. The slope of flights of stairs in the above-ground floors intended for visitors should be taken, as a rule, 1:2. It is allowed in buildings with elevators for the second staircase, not used constantly by visitors, to use a slope no steeper than 1:1.
The slope of flights of stairs leading to the basement and basement floors, to the attic, as well as stairs in the above-ground floors not intended for use by visitors, is allowed to be 1: 1.5.
Stairs with a height of less than three steps (with a height of steps not less than 0.12 m) are not allowed on the paths of movement of visitors. On differences of lower height, a ramp with a slope of no more than 1: 8 should be provided, which should have a non-slippery coating.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.7. The slope of the ramps on the routes of movement of people should not exceed:
inside the building …………………………………. from 1:10 to 1:12;
outside and in hospitals of social and medical institutions ……. 1:12.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
The parameters of the ramps should be taken according to SP 59.13330.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Ramps should have rubber or other non-slip surfaces.
6.8. The slope of the grandstand stairs for spectators of outdoor or indoor sports facilities should not exceed 1:1.6, and if there are handrails at a height of at least 0.9 m along the evacuation routes along the grandstand stairs (or other devices that replace them) - 1:1, 4.
The presence of stairs or steps in the hatches on the escape routes is not allowed.
6.9. The width of the flight of stairs in buildings, m, must be at least the width of the exit to the staircase from the most populated floor, but not less than:
1.35 - for stairs of buildings with more than 200 people staying in two adjacent most populated floors, as well as for buildings of entertainment and medical institutions, regardless of the number of seats;
1,2 - for stairs of other buildings, as well as in the buildings of entertainment institutions leading to premises not related to the stay of spectators and visitors in them, and in buildings of medical institutions leading to premises not intended for the stay or visiting of patients, as well as for preschool buildings;
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
0.9 - for stairs leading to a room with up to five people simultaneously staying in it.
The width of flights of stairs between floors in the educational, educational and laboratory and lecture and classroom buildings of higher educational institutions, where there are at least 200 students on each adjacent floor, must be at least 1.5 m.
The width of the landings must be at least the width of the march. An intermediate platform in a straight flight of stairs must have a length of at least 1 m.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
When installing heating radiators on landings at any height, the standard width and height of the passage must be ensured.
Dimensions are specified in accordance with 6.30*.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.10. The number of lifts in one flight between platforms (with the exception of curved stairs) must be at least 3 and not more than 16. In single-flight stairs, as well as in one flight of two- and three-flight stairs within the ground floor, no more than 18 lifts are allowed.
6.11. The size of the treads of the stairs should be 0.3 m (allowable from 0.28 to 0.35 m), and the size of the risers - 0.15 m (allowable from 0.13 to 0.17 m).
The steps of the stairs must be smooth, without protrusions and with a rough surface. The edge of the step must have a rounding with a radius of not more than 0.05 m.
The use of steps with different parameters of height and depth within the march is not allowed. As an exception, it is allowed to change the pattern of the three lower steps of the main staircase.
Note. In the auditoriums in the aisles and at the entrance to the row, other sizes of steps are allowed, determined by the project, but taking into account the safety of movement of the audience.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.12. As a second emergency exit in buildings of all degrees of fire resistance in all climatic zones, it is allowed to provide external open stairs (stairs of the 3rd type) with a slope of "no more than 2: 1.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Stairs of the 3rd type, used for evacuation from the second floor in the buildings of the preschool educational institution (except for the buildings of the preschool educational institution, schools and boarding schools for children with disabilities of physical and mental development, hospitals of medical institutions), should be provided with a slope of no more than 1: 1.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
Stairs of the 3rd type must have handrails on both sides, a lattice covering of steps and platforms.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.13. It is allowed to install stairs of the 3rd type to a height of up to the third floor, and for climatic zone IV - up to five floors inclusive. The width of such stairs should be at least 0.8 m, and the solid tread of their steps should be at least 0.2 m. .
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.14. As a second evacuation exit from any floor of a multi-storey building of an educational organization or buildings of group B (Appendix C), it is allowed to use a type 3 staircase if the number of evacuees and the floor height comply with the requirements of Table 6.1.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.15. If the difference in floor elevations is more than 1.0 m in one or in adjacent rooms (not separated by a partition), to protect against falling along the perimeter of the upper level, it is necessary to provide a fence with a height of at least 0.9 m; in rooms with children - 1.1 m. If the difference in floor marks is less than 1.0 m, it is permissible to use other devices that exclude the possibility of people falling.
Note. The requirement of this paragraph does not apply to the side of the stage board facing the auditorium.
6.16. The height of the fences of dangerous drops on the paths of movement must be at least 0.9 m, and the fences of balconies, loggias, outdoor galleries, terraces, etc. - not less than 1.2 m.
The height of handrails, flights of stairs should be within 0.85 - 0.92 m.
Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to absorb loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.
In the buildings of entertainment institutions, in shopping and shopping and entertainment, leisure and sports organizations and enterprises where preschool children can be, in the fences of open stairs, vertical elements must have a clearance of no more than 0.1 m (horizontal divisions of fences are not allowed).
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.17. Fences in the buildings of preschool educational institutions, schools and educational buildings of boarding schools, where the premises of the first classes are located, as well as children's clinics and hospitals, children's entertainment institutions must meet the following requirements:
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
the height of the railings of stairs used by children must be at least 1.2 m, and in preschool organizations for children with mental disabilities - 1.8 m or 1.5 m with a continuous net fence;
stairs must have double-sided handrails, which are installed at two levels - at a height of 0.9 m and an additional one at a height of 0.5 m and 0.7 m;
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
the paragraph has been deleted since September 1, 2014. - Change No. 1, approved. Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr.
6.18. If the estimated width of stairs, passages or hatches in the stands of outdoor and indoor sports facilities is more than 4 m, dividing handrails with a height of at least 0.9 m should be provided. .5 m, the device of dividing rails is not required.
6.19. In the stands of sports facilities, if the difference in floor elevations of adjacent rows is more than 0.55 m, a fence with a height of at least 0.8 m should be installed along the passage of each visual row, not interfering with visibility.
On balconies and tiers of sports and auditoriums in front of the first row, the height of the barrier must be at least 0.8 m.
Barriers should be provided with devices that prevent objects from falling down.
6.20. In theater buildings, in the complex of stage service premises, at least two stairs in closed staircases with natural light, with access to the attic and roof, and two grate stairs connected with working galleries and grates should be provided. Smoke-free staircases can be without natural light.
6.21. The largest number of people simultaneously staying on the floor, when calculating the escape routes, must be determined based on the estimated capacity of the premises on this floor, in which visitors (students, spectators, etc.) can be.
6.22. Communication paths in buildings should ensure the safe and timely evacuation of people along them in the event of an emergency.
When designing hall spaces, the required evacuation time (to ensure its timeliness), taking into account their volume and distances from the most remote point of the hall to the nearest evacuation exit, should be taken from tables 6.2 and 6.3.
The distances given in Table 6.4 should be taken for buildings: DOO - in column 6; schools, institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education - in column 3; hospitals of medical institutions - according to column 5; hotels - according to column 4. For other public buildings, the density of the human flow in the corridor is determined by the project.
The capacity of premises facing a dead-end corridor or hall of buildings of schools, primary and secondary vocational education institutions with a height of no more than four floors should be no more than 125 people. At the same time, the distance from the doors of the most remote rooms to the exit to the far stairwell should be no more than 100 m, in other types of buildings they are taken by calculation.
6.24. The greatest distance from any point of the hall to the nearest emergency exit should be no more than that specified in Table 6.5. When combining the main evacuation passages into a common passage, its width must be at least the total width of the combined passages.
In premises designed for a one-time stay of less than 50 people, it is allowed to provide one door, subject to the distance along the passage from the most remote place to the exit (door) of no more than 25 m.
The width of the doorways of the entrance to the auditorium must be at least 1.2 m, in the assembly halls - at least 1.6 m, and for the entrance to the boxes 0.9 m is allowed. The width of the foyer, vestibule - at least 2.4 m.
In rooms not intended for permanent residence of people, as well as in bathrooms designed for no more than three people, it is allowed to provide a door opening width of 0.7 m.
Equipment safety
6.34. The distance from back to back between rows of chairs, chairs or benches in the auditorium must be at least 0.9 m.
The number of continuously installed seats in a row should not exceed 26 for one-way exit from the row, and for two-way exit - no more than 50.
6.35. Stationary seats in auditoriums (except for balconies and boxes with a capacity of up to 12 seats) must be equipped with devices for fastening to the floor. When designing halls with transformable seats for spectators, provision should be made for the installation of temporary seats for spectators (or links of them) with devices to prevent them from tipping over or shifting during operation.
6.36. On the glazed doors in the buildings of preschool educational institutions, schools, rest homes and sanatoriums for parents with children, protective gratings with a height of at least 1.2 m from the floor should be provided.
6.37. Corridors used as recreation in educational buildings must have natural lighting according to SP 52.13330.
6.38. To ensure safety during the operation of engineering systems, the following rules must be observed:
the surface temperature of parts of heating devices accessible to people and heating supply pipelines must not exceed 70 °C. 90 °C is allowed, and in preschool educational institutions up to 75 °C, if measures are taken to prevent human contact with them, the surface temperature of other pipelines should not exceed 40 °C;
hot air temperature at a distance of 0.1 m from the outlet of air heating devices should not exceed 70 ° C;
the hot water temperature in the hot water system must not exceed 60 °C.
6.39. Fireplaces in public buildings should be designed in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 52133. Their placement in the premises must comply with fire safety requirements.
6.40. Units and devices, the displacement of which can lead to a fire or explosion, in buildings erected in seismic areas, must be securely fixed.
6.41. In rooms with a permanent stay of preschool children, heating devices should be used to ensure the safety of children from injury and the hygiene of cleaning.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
In the window sill space of group rooms of all types of preschool institutions, the distance of radiators from the floor level to the bottom of the device is allowed to be 0.05 m.
6.42. If the height of the building from ground level to the fracture of the surface of a broken mansard roof is 10 m or more, fences with snow-retaining devices 0.15 m high should be provided.
In buildings with a height of nine floors or more, for the safe repair and cleaning of facades, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of attaching construction cradles with an electric drive. With a lower number of storeys, the need for such devices is established by the design task.
6.43. On the roof of buildings above 10 m, a fence should be provided in accordance with GOST 25772.
Measures to protect buildings and visitors
6.44. Public buildings should be provided with security systems aimed at preventing criminal manifestations and their consequences, helping to minimize possible damage to people, buildings and property in the event of illegal actions in accordance with the standards for ensuring the anti-terrorist protection of buildings and structures. These activities are set in the design assignment and are developed in accordance with SP 132.13330.
6.45. The need for security measures in other public buildings in accordance with the type of object in terms of its importance and degree of security is established in the design assignment, taking into account similar documents for individual types of buildings.
6.46. In order to protect against infringement of valuables and information stored in special premises, and for other purposes, reinforced enclosing structures of these premises, as well as special doors and openings, should be provided.
6.47. To protect the confidentiality of negotiations, the doors and walls of offices and other rooms, the number and purpose of which is determined by the design assignment, should be lined with sound-absorbing material; double doors should be provided.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.48. For comprehensive security and anti-terrorist protection of educational institutions and their students, premises for security should be provided on the ground floor with the installation of video surveillance systems, fire and burglar alarms and a channel for transmitting alarm messages to internal affairs bodies (private security) or to situational centers "Service 112 ".
In the security premises of all types of public buildings, the presence of a radio broadcast subscriber point should be provided.
Floor requirements
6.49. In each compartment of non-ventilated basement or basement (deepened by more than 0.5 m) floors with an area of 300 to 700 m2, if, according to the calculation, there can be 15 people or more, there must be at least two hatches with clean dimensions - a width of at least 0 .6 m and a height of at least 0.8 m or two windows with a width of at least 0.9 m and a height of at least 1.2 m, except as specified by the civil defense authorities in the design assignment.
6.50. Preschool premises with a capacity of more than 25 places, adjacent to the school building (or staff accommodation), with a total capacity of 50 seats or more, should be separated from the school premises (or staff accommodation) by fire barriers with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
6.51. From the premises of public buildings, regardless of their purpose (auditory halls, auditoriums, educational and commercial premises, reading rooms and others, except for storerooms of combustible materials and workshops), one of the emergency exits can be directly into the lobby, dressing room, floor hall or foyer adjacent to open stairs of the 2nd type.
6.52. When placing a foyer, dressing rooms, smoking rooms and restrooms in the basement or basement floor, separate open stairs from the basement or basement floor to the first floor can be provided.
6.53. Preschool buildings with a capacity of up to 100 places can be one-, two-story. With a larger capacity of buildings, the maximum number of storeys should be taken from Table 6.8 *.
Regardless of the allowable number of seats in the building of specialized compensating preschool institutions, it should be no more than two floors high, and preschool facilities for children with visual impairments should be located on the ground floor.
These buildings must be at least fire resistance II and fire hazard class K0.
(clause 6.53 as amended by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 08/07/2014 N 438 / pr)
6.54. In three-story preschool buildings, group cells for toddlers should be located on the first floor.
The following premises are allowed to be located on the third floor: group cells of older age groups, halls for music and physical education, walking verandas, service and amenity premises.
6.55. From each group cell on the second and third floors there must be at least two dispersed exits to two staircases. One of the exits from the second floor is allowed to be provided through an external open staircase of the 3rd type.
6.56. Ward departments of children's hospitals and buildings (including wards for children under three years of age with mothers) should be located no higher than the fifth floor, wards for children under the age of seven and children's psychiatric departments (wards), neurological departments for patients with spinal cord trauma, geriatric care departments, hospice departments - no higher than the second floor.
6.57. Buildings of summer health camps for children, health camps for high school students and tourist huts should be provided with a height of no more than two floors; and the buildings of children's health camps for year-round use - no more than three floors.
6.58. In children's health camps, sleeping quarters should be combined into separate groups of rooms up to 40 places with independent exits through a corridor with a staircase.
Sleeping quarters of children's health camps in separate buildings or dedicated fire compartments should be provided for no more than 160 places.
6.59. In the buildings of hospitals of medical and preventive and social institutions (hospitals, maternity hospitals, hospices, etc.) for bedridden people who are not able to move up stairs, it should be possible to horizontally evacuate to an adjacent fire compartment or safety zone, from which they can be evacuated for a longer time or stay in it before the arrival of rescue units. The dimensions of the safety zone are determined by the estimated number of bedridden patients on horizontal transportation means (wheelchairs, beds). Requirements for the premises are given in SP 59.13330.
The security zone in the building must be smoke-free or separated from other rooms by smoke-free gateways. In case of fire, an overpressure of 20 to 40 Pa should be created in it or in the lock.
An evacuation staircase or an elevator with the characteristics specified in 4.13 of this set of rules, which meets the requirements of GOST R 52382, must go into the safety zone.
6.60. Buildings of recreation facilities for summer functioning of fire resistance grade V, as well as buildings for children's health camps and sanatoriums of fire resistance grades IV and V, should be designed only as one-story.
6.61. The built-in hotels of the stations must have independent escape routes leading to the stairwells or to the corridor, including the one leading to the joint passenger hall, which has exits directly to the outside, to the outdoor open flyover or platform.
For a combined passenger hall, it is allowed to provide no more than 50% of the specified staircases or corridors.
6.62. To ensure the fire safety of residential premises as part of parts of public buildings, the fire safety requirements of SP 54.13330 should be observed.
6.63. Premises of classrooms, assembly halls and conference halls, assembly halls and halls of physical culture and sports facilities should be placed in accordance with the capacity no higher than the floor indicated in Table 6.9.
6.66. The room of the fire station-control room should be designed with natural light and located at the level of the stage tablet (stage) or one floor below, near the external exit or stairs.
The premises of the fire pumping and household water supply should be located adjacent to or under the premises of the fire station-control room with convenient communication between them.
6.67. It is allowed to provide one evacuation exit from premises designed for a simultaneous stay of no more than 50 people, amphitheaters or balconies of auditoriums, with a distance along the aisle to the evacuation exit (door) from the most remote place of no more than 25 m. If the capacity of these premises is more than 50 people, it should be provided at least two emergency exits.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.68. From the stage (stage), working galleries and grate flooring, from the hold, orchestra pit and safe of rolled scenery, at least two evacuation exits should be provided.
6.69. In cinemas of year-round operation, as well as in clubs, in the halls of which film screening is provided from a film projection room, it is not allowed to provide ways leading to the exit from the auditorium through premises that, according to the design assignment, are designed for a one-time (permanent) stay of more than 50 people.
In seasonal cinemas without a foyer, there must be at least two emergency exits from the auditorium. One of them is allowed to consider the entrance to the auditorium.
6.70. It is allowed to provide no more than two stairs in the complex of spectator premises of theaters (type 2), while the remaining stairs (at least two) must be in closed staircases. On subsequent floors from the premises of the spectator complex, isolated evacuation passages leading to closed stairwells should be arranged.
6.71. Buildings of indoor sports facilities with a constructive fire hazard class of at least C1, when only auxiliary premises are located on the top floor, it is allowed to provide a height of up to five floors.
Doors in the fire walls of the sports arena and stands for spectators must be self-closing with a tight porch. They are allowed to be made of wood.
6.72. Buildings of libraries and archives should be designed with a height of no more than nine floors.
6.73. Book depositories should be divided into compartments with fire barriers with an area of not more than 600 m2.
6.74. For buildings of trade enterprises, the number of storeys and floor area should be taken according to Table 6.11, taking into account the class of constructive fire hazard.
6.75. Storerooms for combustible goods and goods in combustible packaging should, as a rule, be located near the outer walls, separating them with type 1 fire partitions from the trading floor with an area of 250 m2 or more.
6.76. In one-story stores with a trading area of up to 150 m2 - detached, built-in, attached, attached or built into buildings for other purposes, it is allowed to provide one exit from the hall, the other is allowed to be provided from the trading floor through a group of non-trading premises, excluding storerooms.
6.77. In the buildings of enterprises with a trading area of up to 250 m2, it is allowed to provide additional exits to the hall for supplying goods from storerooms adjacent to the trading floor.
6.78. When placing storerooms, office, household and technical premises on the upper floors of retail trade enterprises, if the class of constructive fire hazard of the building is C0, the height of buildings can be increased by one floor.
6.79. Exits from 50% of the staircases, as well as from the corridors of the station buildings, are allowed to be provided in the combined passenger hall, which has exits directly to the outside or to an external open flyover or platform.
6.80. For buildings of consumer and communal services organizations, the number of storeys and floor area (fire compartments for visitors) should be taken depending on the structural fire hazard class of buildings according to Table 6.12.
6.81. In buildings of consumer services establishments with an estimated area of more than 200 m2, the entrances and stairs for service personnel must be separated from the entrances and stairs for visitors.
6.82. Physical culture and sports halls of general education schools should be placed no higher than the second floor, provided that they are not located above educational premises or a canteen that does not have a false ceiling.
Premises for physical education may be located on the second floor and above, provided that they provide the standard levels of sound pressure and vibration.
6.83. The capacity of the steam room in built-in saunas should be no more than 10 seats.
6.84. It is not allowed to place built-in saunas in the basements, under the stands, in the dormitory buildings of children's health camps and boarding schools, preschools, hospitals, as well as under and adjacent to the premises in which there are more than 100 people.
6.85. For buildings of general educational organizations, educational institutions of additional education for children, vocational educational organizations, the capacity and number of storeys of the building should be taken into account the structural fire hazard class of the building or fire compartment according to Table 6.13.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.89. The construction of four-story buildings of general educational organizations and educational buildings of boarding schools is recommended only in large and largest cities, except for those located in areas with a seismic activity of more than 6 points.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.90. On the fourth floor of buildings of general education organizations and educational buildings of boarding schools, premises for the first grades should not be placed, and it is recommended to provide no more than 25% of the rest of the educational premises.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.91. The superstructure of buildings of educational organizations with an attic floor during reconstruction should be provided within the recommended number of storeys.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.92. Buildings of professional educational organizations are provided for no higher than four floors.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.93. In the buildings of educational organizations, a wood processing workshop and a combined metal and wood processing workshop should be located on the ground floor. It is necessary to provide an additional separate exit directly to the outside through an insulated vestibule or corridor, in which there is no exit from classrooms, offices and laboratories.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.94. Educational buildings of professional educational organizations and educational organizations of higher education should, as a rule, be no higher than nine floors.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.95. For buildings of organizations of additional professional education, the number of storeys of educational buildings can be more than nine floors with an appropriate urban planning justification.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
6.96. In buildings of a certain class of functional fire hazard, it is allowed to place parts of the building (fire compartments) of other classes of functional fire hazard. At the same time, the building, as a rule, becomes multifunctional. The floor of the building, marked with type 1 fire floors, should be considered as a fire compartment. When a floor is separated by at least one floor that is not related to the type 1 fire floor, the floor must be assigned a functional fire hazard class as a group of rooms in the fire compartment.
Without exceeding the permissible dimensions of fire compartments, as well as without changing the class of their functional fire hazard and without separating them into a separate fire compartment, it is allowed to provide for the placement in the fire compartment of the groups of rooms and floors serving the building (fire compartment) of functional fire hazard classes:
F1.2 - hotels;
F2.1 and F2.2 - entertainment, cultural and educational and cultural and leisure institutions;
F3 - public service enterprises;
F4.1 - only out-of-school organizations;
F5.1 - only workshops serving the building;
7. Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
7.1. The level of natural and artificial lighting in public buildings must comply with the requirements of SP 52.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1278 and SanPiN 2.1.3.2630.
7.2. Natural lighting should be provided in all premises with permanent workplaces, except for legally permitted cases.
The area of the translucent surfaces of the enclosing structures of the building, as a rule, should not exceed 18% of the total area of the walls. It is allowed to increase the area of translucent enclosing structures with the reduced heat transfer resistance of these structures of more than 0.56 m2 x °C / W, subject to the requirements of SP 50.13330.
7.3. Regardless of the lighting (side, top or combined), in group preschool institutions, as well as in classrooms at all levels of education, left-hand light distribution should be provided.
7.4. It is allowed to illuminate with natural overhead (upper-slanted) light: dressing rooms and toilets of group cells, rooms for psychological unloading of children (“home corner”) and adults, staff rooms, halls for music and physical education, a hall with a pool bath, a warm-up room at the pool, premises for children's circles and sections, communication and recreational space.
Lighting parameters for corridors with natural light are recommended to be taken according to SP 54.13330.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
7.5. In the rooms of group rooms and bedrooms of group cells of preschool institutions for climatic regions II - IV, through or corner ventilation of the premises, including through a corridor or an adjacent room, should be provided.
7.6. Lighting only with a second light can be provided in the following rooms:
premises that are allowed to be designed without natural light (except for pantries, trading floors of shops and book depositories);
the reception room of the insulator and washing kitchen utensils of preschool educational institutions in climatic regions II and III, climatic subregions IA, IB, IG;
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
locker rooms and waiting rooms of baths and bath-health complexes.
7.7. The premises of public buildings, which are allowed, in addition to SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278, to be provided without natural lighting:
premises, the placement of which is allowed in the basement floors;
canteens, toilets, locker rooms of preschool educational institutions;
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment halls; sports halls with ice covering; rooms for instructors and coaches of sports facilities;
the premises of medical institutions listed in SanPiN 2.1.3.2630, and in addition, manipulation rooms under ultrasound control, ophthalmologist's offices for newborns, control rooms for radiation therapy and diagnostics rooms, an operating room and other rooms in which the organization of the technological process requires dimming or natural lighting is not required;
salons for visitors to consumer services enterprises (except for hairdressers, beauty parlors, etc.);
staff rooms;
sanitary passes;
latrines; locker rooms; showers; rooms for dry heat baths; rooms and treatment solariums.
Corridors without natural lighting should be designed taking into account the requirements of SP 7.13130.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
7.8. In the premises of preschool educational institutions, schools, educational institutions of vocational education, healthcare and social services with a hospital, insolation must comply with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
7.9. On the territories of group sites of preschool educational institutions, physical culture and sports zones and recreation areas of schools, recreation areas of hospitals of medical and social institutions, the duration of insolation should be taken according to SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
7.10. In buildings designed for construction in areas with an average monthly temperature in July of 21 ° C and above, premises with permanent residence of people and premises where, according to technological and hygienic requirements, the penetration of sunlight or overheating is not allowed, with the orientation of light openings within 130 - 315 ° must be protected from overheating or penetration of sunlight, taking into account the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821.
7.11. The parameters of the microclimate in the premises should be taken in accordance with GOST 30494 and this set of rules.
At the same time, for the cold period of the year, the optimal microclimate parameters should be taken as calculated, for the warm period of the year it is allowed to take the permissible microclimate parameters.
7.12. In separate rooms for industrial purposes (workshops, laboratories, warehouses, copy-and-printing, etc.), the microclimate parameters should be accepted as acceptable, taking into account GN 2.2.5.1313 and SanPiN 2.2.4.548.
7.13. The design temperature of the internal air for calculating the thermal performance of enclosing structures should be taken in accordance with the required temperature parameters, and in their absence, it should be taken equal to 18 ° C or according to technological requirements.
To calculate the heating systems of public buildings, the calculated value of the indoor air temperature in the premises should be taken equal to the minimum of the allowable temperature indicators given in GOST 30494 and sanitary standards for the corresponding buildings or premises.
In the premises of public buildings, a decrease in microclimate indicators is allowed during non-working hours, provided that the required parameters are provided by the beginning of working hours. During non-working hours, it is possible to maintain the temperature regime below the norm, but not below 12 ° C.
Decreasing the temperature during off-hours is allowed only if otherwise is not specified in the terms of reference or regulations.
7.14. Air and air-thermal curtains should be provided in the following cases:
at permanently open openings in the outer walls of the premises, as well as at gates and openings in the outer walls that do not have vestibules and open more than five times or for at least 40 minutes per shift, in areas with an estimated outdoor air temperature of minus 15 ° C and below (parameters B);
at the outer doors of the vestibules of public buildings - depending on the estimated outdoor temperature (CU parameters) and the number of people passing through the doors for 1 hour: from minus 15 ° C to minus 25 ° C - 400 people or more; from minus 26 °C to minus 40 °C — 250 people and more; below minus 40 °C - 100 people or more;
at gates, doors and openings of premises with air conditioning according to the design assignment.
The heat supplied by intermittent air curtains should not be taken into account in the air and heat balances of the building.
7.15. Air and air-thermal curtains at external openings, gates and doors should be calculated taking into account wind pressure. The air flow rate should be determined, taking the outside air temperature and wind speed at parameters B, but not more than 5 m/s. If the wind speed at parameters B is less than at parameters A, then the air heaters should be checked for parameters A. The speed of air release from slots or openings of air-thermal curtains, m / s, should be taken no more than:
8 - at the outer doors;
25 - at the gates and technological openings.
7.16. The design temperature of the air mixture for the vestibules of public buildings entering the room through external doors, gates or openings should be taken at least 12 °C.
7.17. The estimated air temperature and the frequency of air exchange in the preschool should be taken according to SanPiN 2.4.1.2660.
7.18. Removal of air from the premises of the bedrooms of preschool educational institutions with through or corner ventilation can be provided through group rooms.
Exhaust air ducts from catering units should not pass through group or sleeping rooms.
7.19. The design temperature and air exchange rate in school buildings are recommended to be taken from Table 7.1. The accuracy of maintaining the calculated temperature in the operating mode in the bedrooms of boarding schools should be +/- 1 °C.
8. Requirements for engineering equipment
8.1. Automated individual heating points (ITPs) equipped at the inputs of heat networks to the building should be provided for buildings with an estimated heat consumption for the heating period of 1000 GJ or more with the ability to control the release of heat for heating in them in separate technological zones and facades, characterized by the same type of influence external (sun, wind) and internal (heat dissipation) factors.
Heat supply for heating, ventilation and hot water systems should be provided through separate pipelines from the heating point.
8.2. ITPs built into the buildings they serve should be designed taking into account SP 124.13330. It is allowed to combine ITP with premises of ventilation and air conditioning installations. ITP should be placed near the outer wall with an exit from the room directly to the outside or to the exit to the outside along the corridor no further than 12 m.
The height of the ITP premises should be less than 2.2 m from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures.
Engineering systems of the building must have automatic or manual control of air temperature.
With a centralized supply of cold and hot water, electricity, gas and heat, and if there are several groups of premises in the building belonging to different organizations or owners, each group of premises must be equipped with autonomous meters for energy and water consumption.
Heat supply of a building or separate groups of premises can be carried out from centralized, autonomous or individual heat sources in accordance with SP 60.13330 and SP 89.13330, SP 7.131330.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
8.3. Separate branches of water heating systems with disconnecting devices outside these rooms are provided for the following rooms:
conference hall; a dining hall of canteens with industrial premises attached to them (for conference rooms with up to 400 seats and dining halls of canteens with up to 160 seats, when placed in the total volume of the building, separate branches may not be provided); auditorium, including stage; stage (universal stage); vestibule, foyer, corridors; dance hall; small halls in the buildings of theaters, clubs, including the stage;
libraries with a fund of 200 thousand items or more (for reading rooms, lecture halls and storage facilities);
retail trade enterprises (for unloading premises and trading floors with an area of 400 m2 or more);
living quarters in public buildings.
8.4. In the premises of group (playing), halls of music and physical education in the buildings of preschool educational institutions of all types, as well as in the premises of sleeping and changing rooms of medical and social organizations for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system located on the ground floor, a floor structure should be provided that provides surface temperature of 22 °C (or make them heated).
(clause 8.4 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
8.5. It is recommended to use radiators as heating devices for stage heating in theaters and clubs. At the same time, heating devices should be placed no higher than 0.5 m above the level of the stage board on the back wall of the stage or rear stage.
8.6. Removal of air from school classrooms should be provided through recreational facilities and sanitary facilities, as well as through exfiltration through external glazing, taking into account the requirements of SP 60.13330.
In case of supply ventilation with mechanical stimulation or decentralized supply in classrooms, natural exhaust ventilation should be provided at the rate of a single or more air exchange per 1 hour.
With air heating, exhaust ducts from the classrooms are not provided.
8.7. For air heating in school buildings, combined with ventilation, automatic control of the systems should be provided, including maintaining the design temperature and relative humidity in the premises during working hours within the range of 40-60%, as well as ensuring the air temperature at non-school hours is not lower than 15 ° C.
8.8. In schools with up to 200 students, ventilation without an organized mechanical inflow is allowed.
8.9. Supply and exhaust ventilation systems should be provided separately for the premises of the visual and club complexes, the premises for servicing the stage (stage), as well as administrative and utility premises, workshops and warehouses.
In cinemas with continuous film screenings, general leisure clubs and clubs with a total capacity of up to 375 people, this separation of systems may not be provided.
8.10. In the depositories of rare books and manuscripts, as well as in the depositories of libraries with a fund of 1 million items or more, and in the depositories of archives of group I, air conditioning should be provided.
8.11. In the storage of valuable documents and depositories, according to the requirements of storage conditions, air conditioning of the 3rd class should be provided.
8.12. In reading rooms, lecture halls and storage rooms of scientific libraries with a fund of 200 thousand items or more, it is allowed to use air heating combined with forced ventilation or an air conditioning system.
8.13. In the premises of storage facilities, archives with a capacity of more than 300 thousand storage units, as a rule, air heating combined with supply ventilation or an air conditioning system should be used. Water heating should be provided in the remaining premises of the archive buildings.
8.14. For storage rooms, reading rooms and lecture halls in library buildings with a fund of 200 thousand items or more, separate supply ventilation systems should be provided.
8.15. In public libraries with a fund of up to 50,000 storage units, when placing a zone of reading places together with a zone of book collections and serving readers in one room and in archives with a capacity of up to 300,000 storage units, natural ventilation is allowed at the rate of at least a single air exchange.
8.16. For lecture halls, reading rooms and library storages, exhaust ventilation with a natural impulse is allowed.
8.17. It is allowed to provide a single supply ventilation system for all premises, with the exception of conference rooms, premises of catering establishments, cinema and battery rooms, for each of which it is necessary to provide independent supply ventilation systems.
8.18. For premises not equipped with a mechanical supply ventilation system, opening adjustable vents or air valves for supplying outside air should be provided, located at a height of at least 2 m from the floor.
8.19. Independent exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises:
bathrooms and smoking rooms;
premises of catering establishments;
premises for industrial and technical purposes and warehouses;
laboratories, including educational and other premises in accordance with the requirements of SP 60.13330.
8.20. Exhaust ventilation from the bedrooms of sanatoriums and recreation facilities is recommended to be provided with a natural impulse.
In the living rooms of recreation facilities for climatic region IV, it is recommended to provide mechanically driven exhaust ventilation.
8.21. Removal of air from living rooms and rooms with bathrooms should be provided through the bathrooms with the installation of overflow grilles in the lower part of the walls of the bathrooms and (or) door panels.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
8.22. Removed as of September 1, 2014. - Change No. 1, approved. Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr.
8.23. Removed as of September 1, 2014. - Change No. 1, approved. Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr.
8.24. To ensure regulatory requirements in terms of permissible water pressures for sanitary appliances, rational use of water and energy resources, it is necessary to provide for:
pumping units with adjustable drive (engine speed);
single-zone water supply scheme with the installation of floor pressure regulators.
8.25. The hydrostatic pressure in the system of domestic drinking and domestic fire-fighting water supply at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance should be no more than 4 atm. In the system of the household fire-fighting water supply system, for the duration of the fire extinguishing, it is allowed to increase the pressure to no more than 6 atm at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance.
8.26. The hydrostatic head at the level of the lowest fire hydrant in the separate fire water supply system, as well as in circuits where fire risers are used to supply transit household and drinking water to the upper floor (in circuits with upper wiring), should not exceed 9 atm in the mode firefighting.
8.27. Requirements for the internal fire water supply of buildings of cultural and entertainment institutions, libraries, archives and sports facilities are given in Appendix K.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
8.28. The installation of grease traps at the outlets of industrial effluents should be provided for the following catering establishments:
working on semi-finished products - with the number of seats in the halls of 500 or more;
working on raw materials - with the number of seats in the halls of 200 or more.
Food units of preschool and educational institutions are equipped with grease traps according to the design assignment.
8.29. Public buildings should provide for a system of garbage disposal and dust collection, temporary (within the limits of sanitary standards) storage of garbage and the possibility of its removal.
In public buildings and complexes, the arrangement of pneumatic waste disposal systems should be determined by the design task based on the technical and economic feasibility of their operation.
The means of removing debris from the building must be linked to the cleaning system adopted in the locality where the building is located.
8.30. Garbage chutes (in the absence of a pneumatic waste disposal system) should be provided in buildings:
3-storey and higher buildings of higher educational institutions, hotels and motels for 100 beds or more;
The need to arrange garbage chutes in other public buildings and structures is established by the design task in agreement with local governments in accordance with technological requirements and depending on the adopted waste disposal system in the settlement.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
When adding an attic floor to an existing building, the existing waste disposal system may not be changed.
The entrance of the garbage collection truck must be provided to the doors of the garbage chamber of the building. If it is impossible to organize an entrance directly to the waste collection chamber, it is necessary to provide a place (platform) for placing waste containers.
For buildings not equipped with garbage chutes, a garbage collection chamber or utility site (necessarily with a hard surface) for separate collection of garbage should be provided.
8.31. A centralized or combined vacuum dust collection system should be provided in buildings:
theaters, concert halls, museums;
reading and lecture halls, library book depositories for 200,000 storage units or more;
stores with a sales area of 6500 m2 or more;
hotels, sanatoriums, recreation and tourism institutions, hospitals of medical institutions for 500 beds or more;
in specialized buildings with increased sanitary and hygienic requirements (under the assignment for designing in medical institutions).
The need for a central or combined vacuum dust collection system in other buildings should be established by the design task.
8.32. For a combined vacuum dust collection system, the service radius of one inlet valve should be no more than 50 m.
8.33. In the absence of centralized or combined dust collection, the arrangement of the filter cleaning chamber for vacuum cleaners is determined according to the design assignment.
8.34. Structural solutions of building elements (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, ventilation openings, placement of thermal insulation, etc.) should provide protection against the penetration of rodents.
9. Durability and maintainability
9.1. The design of the building must take into account the preservation of the strength and stability of the supporting structures for the period specified in the design assignment, subject to systematic maintenance, compliance with the rules of operation and repair of the building.
9.2. Structures, parts and finishing materials must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low and high temperatures, aggressive environments and other adverse factors, or protected in accordance with SP 28.13330.
9.3. It is necessary to provide for measures to protect the building from the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the supporting and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures or through the ventilation of closed spaces or air gaps.
In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, the necessary protective compositions and coatings must be applied.
9.4. Butt joints of prefabricated elements and multilayer structures should be designed to withstand temperature deformations and forces arising from uneven subsidence of the bases and other operational influences.
The sealing and sealing materials used in the joints must retain their elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and when wet, and be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures at their interface.
9.5. It should be possible to access the equipment, fittings and devices of the engineering systems of the building and their connections, as well as to the load-bearing elements of the building cover for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.
Annex A
(mandatory)
LIST OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
SP 1.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Escape routes and exits
SP 4.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Restrictions on the spread of fire at protected facilities. Requirements for space-planning and design solutions
SP 5.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Fire alarm installation automatic fire extinguishing. Design norms and rules
SP 7.13130.2009. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire requirements
SP 10.13130.2009. Fire protection systems. Internal fire water supply. fire safety requirements
SP 28.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.03.11-85. Protection of building structures against corrosion»
SP 30.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.04.01-85*. Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings»
SP 42.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.07.01-89*. Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements"
SP 44.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.09.04-87*. Administrative and residential buildings»
SP 50.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-02-2003. Thermal protection of buildings»
SP 51.13330.2011 "SNiP 23-03-2003. Noise Protection»
SP 52.13330.2011 "SNiP 23-05-95*. Natural and artificial lighting»
SP 54.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-01-2003. Residential multi-apartment buildings»
SP 56.13330.2011 "SNiP 31-03-2001. Industrial buildings»
SP 59.13330.2012 "SNiP 35-01-2001. Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility”
SP 60.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-01-2003. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning»
SP 61.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-03-2003. Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines»
SP 62.13330.2011 "SNiP 42-01-2002. Gas distribution systems»
SP 88.13330.2012 "SNiP II-11-77*. Protective structures of civil defense»
SP 89.13330.2012 "SNiP II-35-76*. Boiler plants»
SP 113.13330.2012 "SNiP 21-02-99*. Parking lots»
SP 124.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-02-2003. Heating network"
SP 132.13330.2011. Ensuring anti-terrorist protection of buildings and structures. General design requirements
GOST R 50571.28-06. Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7-710. Requirements for special electrical installations. Electrical installations of medical premises
GOST R 51773-2001. Retail. Enterprise classification
GOST R 51773-2009. Trade services. Classification of trade enterprises
GOST R 52133-2003. Fireplaces for residential and public buildings. General specifications
GOST R 52382-2010. Passenger lifts. Elevators for firefighters
GOST R 52539-2006. Air purity in medical institutions. General requirements
GOST R 53296-2009. Installation of elevators for firefighters in buildings and structures. fire safety requirements
GOST R 53423-2009. Hotels and other tourist accommodation
GOST R 53491.1-2009. Pools. Water preparation. Part 1. General requirements
GOST R 54257-2010. Reliability of building structures and foundations. Basic provisions and requirements
GOST R ISO 14644-1-2002. Cleanrooms and related controlled environments. Part 1. Classification of air purity
GOST 25772-83. Steel railings for stairs, balconies and roofs. General specifications
GOST 30494-96. Buildings residential and public. Indoor microclimate parameters
SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1278-03. Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings
SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1076-01. Hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings and territories
SanPiN 2.2.2.1332-03. Hygienic requirements for the organization of work on copiers
SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03. Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work
SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.2198-07. Amendment N 1 to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.2620-10. Amendment N 2 to SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03
SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.2732-10. Amendment N 3 to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises
SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions
CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96. Noise at workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas
CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.583-96. Infrasound at workplaces, in the premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential development
CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.566-96. Industrial vibration, vibration in the premises of residential and public buildings
GN 2.2.5.1313-03. Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in the air of the working area
SanPiN 2.1.2.1188-03. Swimming pools. Hygienic requirements for placement, arrangement, operation and water quality. Quality control
SanPiN 2.1.2.1331-03. Hygienic requirements for the device, equipment, operation and water quality of water parks
SanPiN 2.1.2.2631-10. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the location, arrangement, equipment, maintenance and mode of operation of public utility organizations providing hairdressing and cosmetic services
SanPiN 2.1.2.2646-10. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the arrangement, equipment, maintenance and operation of laundries
SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities
SanPiN 2.2.3.2506-09. Hygienic requirements for dry cleaning organizations
SanPiN 2.3.6.1079-01. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for public catering organizations, production and turnover in them of food products and food raw materials
SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, content and organization of the working hours of preschool educational organizations
SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the educational and production process in educational institutions of primary vocational education
SanPiN 2.4.4.1204-03. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, maintenance and organization of the working hours of out-of-town stationary institutions for recreation and health improvement of children.
Annex B
(mandatory)
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
In this set of rules, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:
B.1. Assembly hall: a room with a horizontal flat floor for various public events.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.2. Mezzanine: a platform in the volume of a double-height room, open to this room or located within a floor with an increased height, less than 40% of the area of the room in which it is located.
B.3. Apartment hotels: buildings with residential premises intended for temporary residence (without the right to permanent registration).
B.4. Atrium: a part of the building in the form of a multi-light space (three or more floors), developed vertically, adjacent to the floor parts of the building (galleries, building envelopes, etc.), as a rule, has overhead lighting.
An atrium developed horizontally in the form of a multi-light passage (with a length greater than the height) is called a passage.
Note. The need for smoke ventilation in them is established by SP 7.13130.
B.5. Building height (fire-technical): the distance between the mark of the surface of the passage for fire trucks and:
the lower boundary of the opening opening (window) in the outer wall of the upper floor;
half the sum of the floor and ceiling marks of the rooms of the upper floor with non-opening windows (openings);
or the upper boundary of the fence of the exploited roof of the building;
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
building height (architectural): one of the main characteristics of the building, determined by the number of floors or the vertical linear dimension from the design ground level to the highest level of the structural element of the building: a flat roof parapet; cornice, ridge or pediment of a pitched roof; dome; spire; tower, which are installed to determine the height in the architectural and compositional solution of an object in the environment.
Note. Roof antennas, lightning rods and other engineering devices are not taken into account.
(the paragraph was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.6. Crowded development: development of the territory below the normalized area or a plot less than the normalized one. For example, the site of a school or preschool is less than 80% of the regulatory requirements.
B.6.1. Capsule hotel: a hotel that includes rooms (rooms) or capsules for a short-term high-grade rest, as a rule, from several hours to 2-3 days.
A capsule is a living space 2.0 m long, 1.0 m wide and 1.25 m high, designed for one person. In the capsule you can sleep, read books and watch TV. For guests of the rooms on each floor, men's and women's restrooms and showers are provided. Other premises are established by the design task.
(Clause B.6.1 was introduced by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia No. 438/pr dated August 7, 2014)
B.7. Stairs: a functional and structural building element that provides vertical connections between the floors of a building (they are divided into three types):
internal staircase - a staircase inside a building, structure:
placed in the stairwell - closed (type 1);
located in lobbies, foyers, etc. — open (type 2);
external staircase - a staircase on the facade of a building for the evacuation of people or technical purposes - type 3.
Note. Stairs at the entrances to buildings and on the approaches to them are called external.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.8. Stairwells: the space inside the building, structures designed to accommodate stairs, are divided into two types:
closed without external openings and
open - with openings on each floor (type 1) and with openings in the coating (type 2).
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.9. Smoke-free staircases: staircases designed for evacuation of people in case of fire (divided into three types):
smoke-free staircase with entrance to the staircase from the floor through the outer air zone through open passages, if the transition through the air zone is smoke-free - type H1;
smoke-free stairwell with air overpressure into the stairwell in case of fire - type H2;
non-smokeable stairwell with access to the stairwell from the floor through a tambour-lock with air overpressure (permanent or in case of fire) - type H3.
B.10. Flight of stairs: an inclined structure connecting horizontal platforms at different levels, consisting, as a rule, of cossours with a continuous series of steps above. A staircase from one march is called a single-flight.
B.11. Elevator hall: by .
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.12. Loggia: according to SP 54.13330.
B.13. Small school: a general education institution with a capacity of less than 300 students with an incomplete contingent of students in a school, classroom, with combined class sets that combine different age groups in one room.
B.14. Multi-light space, room: the volume inside the building, which occupies several floors in height.
B.15. Fencing at a height difference: building structures constructed on stairs, balconies, open areas, mezzanines, passages, etc. to protect a person from falling from a height and injury.
B.16. Basement or basement compartment: a space limited by fire barriers (walls, partitions, ceilings). Within the compartment, rooms can be separated by partitions with the appropriate fire resistance limit.
B.17. Density of the human flow: according to .
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.18. Premises for physical education and training: rooms with an area of 150 m2 or less, designed for exercise equipment, rhythmic gymnastics, martial arts, choreography, etc. See B.28.
(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.19. Premises with permanent workplaces: a premise in which an employee must be at least two hours continuously or at least 50% of the working time.
B.20. Premises with mass stay of people: a premise with more than 1 person. per 1 m2 of premises with an area of 50 m2 or more (halls and foyers of entertainment institutions, meeting rooms, lecture halls, dining halls, cash halls, waiting rooms, etc.).
B.21. Handrail: a device for creating convenience when climbing stairs, ramps, as well as assisting in the movement and rest of weakened people.
B.22. Bathroom: a sanitary and hygienic room, equipped without fail with a toilet, washbasin, bath or shower. Additional instruments and equipment are available.
B.23. Tambour: according to SP 54.13330.
B.24. Technical underground: the space between the ceiling of the first or basement floor and the ground surface for the placement of pipelines of engineering systems.
B.25. Grandstand: a structure with rising rows of seats for spectators.
B.26. Restroom: a sanitary and hygienic room, equipped without fail with toilet bowls in closed cubicles (urinals - in the men's restroom) and washbasins.
B.27. Premises with an area of more than 150 m2 for training, physical culture and sports classes without seats for spectators, as well as for competitions with seats for spectators.
(clause B.27 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.28. Attic: according to SP 54.13330.
B.28.1. Stairway Width: The distance between the stair railings, between the wall and the stair railing.
Note. If the railing of the stairs is taken out of the step, then the reading should be from the edge of the step.
(Clause B.28.1 was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.29. Attic floor (mansard): a floor in an attic space, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of an inclined, broken or curved roof, while the line of intersection of the roof plane and the facade should be at a height of no more than 1.5 m from the level of the attic floor floors.
B.30. Above-ground floor: a floor with a floor mark of the premises not lower than the planning mark of the ground.
Note. With variable planning ground elevations, a floor is considered to be above ground, provided that more than 60% of the total area of the premises is not lower than the planning ground level mark or the emergency exits from the floor required by the standards have a direct horizontal passage to the ground mark.
B.31. Basement floor: the only underground floor of the building with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground by more than half the height of the premises.
B.32. Underground floors: floors with rooms located below the planning level of the ground for the entire height of the room.
B.32.1. Technical floor: a floor for placing engineering equipment and laying communications. The space for laying communications with a height of less than 1.8 m is not a floor.
(clause B.32.1 was introduced by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 07.08.2014 N 438 / pr)
B.33. Basement floor: floor (premises) with a floor mark below the planning mark of the ground on the outer side of the wall to a height of not more than half the height of the premises.
(clause B.33 as amended by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated 08/07/2014 N 438 / pr)
See also:
Where to hand over for recycling waste, equipment and other things in
The system of regulatory documents in construction
BUILDING REGULATIONS
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
"PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS".
Introduction date 2010-01-01
Updated edition
SNiP 2.08.02-89*
FOREWORD
Building codes and rules SNiP 2.08.02-89:
DEVELOPED by the Scientific and Architectural Center for Public and Industrial Buildings and Structures of the State Committee for Architecture (Yu.A. Sharonov, V.I. Podolsky), TsNIIEP of educational buildings of the State Committee for Architecture (Candidate of Architecture A.M. Garnets, Candidate of Technical Sciences Z.I. Estrov - leaders of the theme, Dr. architect V. I. Stepanov, candidates of architects G. N. Tsytovich, E. B. Dvorkina, S. F. Naumov, N. N. Shchetinina, candidate of technical sciences P. E. Gerke; VS Volman), TsNIIEP for Urban Reconstruction of the State Committee for Architecture (Candidate of Economic Sciences E.D. Agranovsky; Candidate of Architecture G.Z. Potashnikova; A.B. Varshaver, N.A. Karpova, N.G. Konstantinova, T.S. Maksimova), TsNIIEP of resort and tourist buildings and complexes of the State Committee for Architecture (architects V.V. Gusev, E.M. Liberman, M.I. Magidina; T.B. Isachenko, N .S. Kolbaeva), TsNIIEP them. B.S. Mezentsev of the State Committee for Architecture (Doctor of Technical Sciences V.I. Travush; Candidates of Architects G.A. Muradov, V.V. Lazarev, E.I. Okuneva; D.A. Galpern, A.P. Golubinsky, I.S. Schweitzer), TsNIIEPgrazhdansel-stroem of the State Committee for Architecture (Doctor of Architecture S.B. Moiseeva; Candidate of Architecture M.Yu. Limonad), TsNIIEP of Engineering Equipment of the State Committee for Architecture (Ph.D. in Engineering Science L.M. Zusmanovich, G V. Kamenskaya, M. D. Ternopolsky, V. V. Grigoriev, L. I. Vaisman, T. E. Gorovaya, N. G. Grigoriev, O. G. Loodeus, Yu. architect D.A. Metaniev, Yu.I. Lyamin, M.A. Feldman), GiproNIIzdrav of the Ministry of Health of the USSR (candidate architect A.P. Moiseenko; candidate of medical sciences A.I. Arbakov; V .A. Mostovoy, V.A. Turulov, M.S. Dobrovolskaya) with the participation of the State Educational Institute of the USSR, the Giproteatr of the USSR Ministry of Culture, NPO "Liftmash", MISI im. V.V. Kuibysheva, VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, All-Russian Research Institute of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents and All-Union Research Institute of General and Communal Hygiene. Sysin of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR, the Aeroproject of the MGA of the USSR.
INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Architecture.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the State Committee for Architecture (candidates of technical sciences V.I. Vanyukhin, I.M. Arkharov).
SNiP 2.08.02-89* is a reissue of SNiP 2.08.02-89 with amendments No. 1, 2, approved by resolutions of the USSR Gosstroy of June 28, 1991 No. 26 and the State Construction of Russia of April 30, 1993 No. 18-12, with amendments No. 3 and 4, approved by resolutions of the Gosstroy of Russia dated January 26, 1999 No. 4, dated February 12, 2001 No. 10, as well as with amendment No. 5, approved by resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated June 23, 2003 No. 98.
SNiP 31-06-2009 is an updated version of SNiP 2.08.02-89*, approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia dated September 1, 2009 No. 390 and comes into force on January 1, 2010.
Instead of SNiP 2.08.02-89*
INTRODUCTION
Sections 3, 5-7 and 9 of these standards contain requirements that correspond to the goals of technical regulations and are subject to mandatory compliance, taking into account Part 1 of Article 46 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation". Section 8 of the norms contains requirements that correspond to the goals of the Federal Law "On Energy Saving".
The update was carried out by a team of authors: JSC "Institute of Public Buildings" (head of the theme - Candidate of Architecture A.M. Garnets; Candidate of Architecture L.A. Smyvina, engineer L.V. Sigacheva); State Unitary Enterprise "MNIIP Mosproekt-4" (Doctor of Architecture A.V. Anisimov); Federal State Unitary Enterprise "TsNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko" (candidate of technical sciences V.N. Siegern-Korn); OJSC "CNS" (candidate of architecture L.A. Viktorova); ZAO Giprozdrav - Scientific and Practical Center for Health and Recreation Facilities (Candidate of Architecture L.F. Sidorkova, technical engineer M.V. Tolmacheva); MGSU (Doctor of Engineering Sciences V.V. Kholshchevnikov); State Unitary Enterprise "Mosproekt-2 named after M.V. Posokhin" (architect A.G. Lokshin); OAO MosOtis (engineer S.M. Roitburd); Federal State Institution "VNII of Physical Culture" (architect Yu.G. Zhura); NPF "Potok Inter" (engineer A.V. Nagolkin); State Unitary Enterprise "MNIITEP" (engineer V.A. Ionin).
1 AREA OF USE
1.1. These rules and regulations apply to the design of new, reconstructed and overhauled public buildings up to 55 m high * with a basement and multi-level parking lots designed according to SNiP 21-02. The requirements of these norms also apply to public premises built into residential buildings and other objects that meet the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for public buildings built into these objects (hereinafter referred to as public buildings).
1.2. For public premises built into residential buildings and built-in attached to them, the requirements of SNiP 31-01 should also be taken into account.
1.3. Placement in public buildings and structures of premises for other purposes is allowed subject to compliance with environmental, sanitary and epidemiological and safety requirements corresponding to public buildings.
1.4. The provisions of these standards should be observed when designing buildings and premises of institutions and enterprises of various forms of ownership and various organizational and legal forms.
1.5. A list of the main groups of buildings and public premises to which these rules and regulations apply is given in Appendix A.
1.6. The terms used in the text and their definitions are given in Appendix B.
1.7. These standards do not apply to the design of seasonal and mobile buildings and structures for public purposes.
_________________________________________________________________________
*Hereinafter, except for specially stipulated cases, the height of the building is determined by the height of the upper floor, not counting the upper technical floor, and the height of the floor is determined by the difference in elevations of the passage surface for fire trucks and the lower boundary of the opening opening (window) in the outer wall.
Regulatory documents, to which there are references in the text of these standards, are given in Appendix B.
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1. Layout and equipment of buildings, groups of premises or individual premises, as well as sections of public institutions intended for direct service to the population and accessible, in accordance with the design assignment, for the disabled and other groups of visitors with limited mobility (spectators, buyers, students etc.), must comply with the requirements of SNiP 35-01, as well as SP 35-101 and SP 35-103.
3.2. The rules for calculating the total, usable and estimated area, building volume, building area and number of storeys of buildings are given in Appendix D.
3.3. The clean height of the premises (from floor to ceiling) is accepted for public buildings, as a rule, at least 3 m. For educational premises of educational institutions, the clean height is at least 3.6 m; in crowded buildings, it is allowed to take a floor height from floor to floor of 3.6 m.
The height of the premises, determined by the functional processes, should be set according to the relevant technological standards and requirements.
In rooms and corridors that are auxiliary to functional processes, depending on the space-planning solution of buildings and technological requirements, a corresponding decrease in height is allowed. In this case, the height must be at least 2.2 m.
The height of built-in public premises with a total capacity of up to 40 people, and retail trade enterprises with a trading area of up to 250 m2, is allowed to be taken according to the height of the floor of the residential building where they are built.
3.4. The height of the technical floor is determined depending on the type of engineering equipment placed in it, engineering networks and the optimal conditions for their operation. The height in the places of passage of service personnel to the bottom of the protruding structures must be at least 1.8 m.
In the technical floor (technical underground), intended to accommodate only engineering networks with pipelines and pipeline insulation made of non-combustible materials, the height from floor to ceiling must be at least 2.1 m.
3.5. The floor mark of the premises at the entrance to the building should, as a rule, be higher than the mark of the sidewalk in front of the entrance by at least 0.15 m.
It is allowed to take a floor mark at the entrance to the building of less than 0.15 m (including penetration below the sidewalk mark), provided that the premises are protected from precipitation ...
The development and updating of a single regulatory document is aimed at meeting the requirements. Both documents, including requirements for the safety of buildings and structures, the life and property of citizens, as well as the environment, are updated in pursuance of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2010 N 1047-r.
The requirements of the regulatory document are aimed at increasing the level of safety and the degree of compliance of buildings and structures with their functional purpose, at ensuring a reduction in energy costs, the use of uniform methods for determining operational characteristics, at taking into account the requirements of European and interstate regulatory documents, as well as at reducing the number of regulatory documents regulating one area of activity and concentration of requirements in one regulatory document to facilitate the work of designers.
OJSC "Institute of Public Buildings" (head of the theme, responsible performer - Candidate of Architecture A.M. Garnets, engineers A.A. Afanasiev, L.V. Sigacheva, with the participation of Candidate of Technical Sciences A.M. Tsyganov, engineer N.I. Chernozubova ); ZAO Giprozdrav - SPC for Health and Recreation Facilities (Candidate of Architecture L.F. Sidorkova, technologist M.V. Tolmacheva); OAO "MosOtis" (engineer S.M. Roitburd); SUE "Krayzhilkommunproekt", Krasnodar (architect A.E. Blinder); with participation - State Unitary Enterprise "MNIITEP" (engineer A.V. Kuzilin); PozhMontazhGroup LLC (engineer A.V. Apakov); FGBOU VPO Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia; cand. tech. Sciences V.N. Siegern-Korn.
The requirements of this set of rules also apply to public premises built into residential buildings and other objects that meet the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for public buildings (hereinafter referred to as public buildings).
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national bodies of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the referenced document is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (modified) document. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.
4.3 The layout and equipment of buildings, premises, as well as sections of institutions, organizations, public enterprises intended for direct service to the population (visitors, spectators, buyers, students, etc.) must comply with the requirements In other cases, the adaptability of buildings and structures to accessibility of people with limited mobility should be stipulated in the design task approved by the customer.
4.5 The height of clean premises (from floor to ceiling) of newly designed public buildings, including residential premises of sanatoriums, should, as a rule, be at least 3 m, and residential premises of buildings for temporary residence (hotels, boarding houses at hospitals, etc.) n.) in accordance with SP 54.13330.
For classrooms of newly designed educational institutions, the clean height should be 3.3 m, unless otherwise specified in the design assignment, and for buildings of small and rural schools with a capacity of not more than 300 students and for school buildings in climatic zone I - at least 3.0 m. The height of the corridors of educational buildings equipped with false ceilings must be clean at least 2.6 m.
The height of built-in premises of a public facility with a total capacity of up to 40 people, and retail trade enterprises with a retail area of up to 250 (in accordance with) is allowed to be taken according to the height of the floor of a residential building where they are built.
4.6 The height of the technical floor should be at least 2.1 m to the bottom of the building structures. The height in the places of passage of service personnel to the bottom of the protruding communications, structures and other elements must be at least 1.8 m. In areas up to 2 m long, the clear height may be reduced to 1.6 m. The height of the openings of emergency exits from the technical floor must be not less than 1.9 m.
In the technical underground, intended to accommodate only engineering networks with pipelines insulated from materials of the NG group, for new construction, the height from floor to ceiling must be at least 1.6 m.
4.7 The mark of the site in front of the entrance to the building should, as a rule, be higher than the mark of the sidewalk in front of the entrance by at least 0.15 m. It is allowed to take the mark of the site at floor level, provided that the premises are protected from precipitation.
4.9 In public buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be provided in accordance with the design assignment and SP 88.13330.
4.10 In public buildings, elevators, escalators, lifting platforms for the disabled and other vertical transportation devices should be used as means of vertical transport, taking into account the technology of the designed object. They must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the relevant regulatory documents, as well as in the instructions and instructions of the manufacturers.
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