Sanitary unit definition. Toilet

03.03.2020

This article will discuss what a bathroom is, how it is repaired, arranged and interior is created.

If you plan to repair or install a bathroom in panel house or brick, the first step is to decide on a number of important questions:

What changes should take place in the toilet and bathroom;
How much can be allocated for the arrangement of a bathroom;
Is it planned in the bathroom only redecorating, or it will be equipped completely from scratch (for example, will a screed be needed in the bathroom, etc.).

The bathroom is one of the most used rooms in the apartment. In the morning we wash our faces here and get ready for the working day, take a shower in the evening, and also periodically wash our hands.

Therefore, this room should provide maximum comfort and coziness. At the same time, when performing repairs, one should also take into account such features of this room as high humidity, vaporization and temperature changes.

First of all, the question arises, where is it better to start equipping the Bathroom with your own hands. The answer to it depends on what exactly is planned to be done. If you plan only to update the paint and whitewash, then start by cleaning the ceiling and walls from the old material. In the case of larger changes, you should first determine the full scope of work and draw up a detailed estimate for future repairs.

Important: in the case of a small area of \u200b\u200bthe bathroom and toilet, the best option is to combine them, in which the number of bathrooms is reduced, but the amount of usable space increases.

The degree of effectiveness of such a combination also depends on the number of people living in the apartment, because in the case of big family combining a bathroom can cause a number of inconveniences.

Bathroom interior

Installing a bathroom, especially the creation of an interior, requires solving a rather important and difficult task of correctly placing plumbing. It is better to start arranging furnishings, starting with large elements, such as a bathtub and a shower cabin.

Next, you can install the sink and toilet, and they are quite convenient wall hung toilets, which are mounted on a metal installation hidden in the wall. In terms of reliability, wall-hung toilets are not inferior to floor-mounted ones, while taking up much less space and making it easier to clean the room.

The most common material for finishing the bathroom is ceramic tile. In the case of low ceilings, it is not recommended to visually separate the walls with a dark bottom and a light top, it is better to lay out plain tiles about 200x400 mm in size from ceiling to floor, alternating with decorative vertical stripes, visually stretching the room.

In the case of a spacious room, moisture-resistant wallpaper for a bathroom with floral decor can be glued on the walls. Such a pattern, combined with a geometrically clear monochromatic tile pattern, allows you to decorate the bathroom, giving it a special sophistication. In addition to wallpaper can also be used tile with ornament or agglomerate or marble coating.

The compositional unity of the various elements that make up the interior of the bathroom, the ceiling can be tinted to match the color of the decorative border or tile, or stenciled with an original pattern that should repeat the pattern applied to the tile.

Useful: it also looks quite attractive, especially when decorating a bathroom in open rather than pastel colors, the use of colored grouts - blue, red, orange green, etc. In addition, bright grouts on white tiles look quite attractive.

You should also think about good lighting in the bathroom. It is strongly recommended to use moisture-resistant halogen spotlights for bathrooms on, and sconces above the mirror. In addition, it is advisable to think about light duty night lighting, which will help you use the room without turning on the bright overhead light.

Useful: you can also use dimmers - switches equipped with dimmers.

Selected furniture for the bathroom must be resistant to action. high humidity, as well as significant temperature fluctuations.

In addition, various bathroom accessories should be foreseen in advance, including:

Mirror;
Convenient metal handrails on the wall or on the bath;
Soft mat;
Ottoman, etc.

You should start by replacing the water and sewer pipes. The piping in the bathroom should be done as competently as possible, therefore, in the absence of special skills, it is recommended to resort to the help of a specialist, which will ensure both your peace of mind and the peace of your neighbors in the future.

It is best to lay plastic water and sewer pipes in the bathroom.

Exist special rules and the requirements according to which bathrooms should be equipped - SNiP, according to which various nuances should be taken into account:

Sewer pipes are connected with rubber gaskets;
Plumbing - using a special soldering iron;
Upon completion of the installation, it is imperative to check the quality of the connections made with the help of water supply;
In the process of replacing pipes, you should also immediately install a water meter and taps that allow you to quickly turn off the water in the event of an emergency;
In addition, you should plan in advance how plumbing, household appliances will be placed, as well as how water and drains will be supplied.

Wiring

After the installation of pipes is completed, the replacement of electrical wiring begins.

Consider the basic nuances of how to make electrical wiring in the bathroom, details:

To perform the work, you will need three-core wires with a cross section of at least 4 mm, a plastic corrugation that allows you to isolate wires, lamps or spotlights and a fan;
Wiring is performed, taking into account the location of sockets and lamps. In the walls where the cable will pass, a strobe is pierced with a chisel, after which the wires are passed through the strobe and hidden in the walls;

Useful: the lighting of the bathroom can be done both with the help of spotlights built into the wall, and with the help of lamps installed on the walls. In addition, both varieties can be combined.

Since the temperature in the bathroom often changes, which leads to increased moisture formation, it is recommended to improve the ventilation of the room by installing a fan, the size and power of which is chosen depending on the size of the room.

Walls and ceiling

The walls and ceiling of the bathroom are exposed to steam and moisture, so to cover them, you should use a material that is resistant to moisture and temperature changes:

First of all, they wash off the old whitewash and paint, knock down old tiles. Walls and level with putty or plaster;
If there is sufficient space, a drywall bathroom can be made, which can be fastened with special glue or with self-tapping screws screwed into a specially made crate. Then the surface of the drywall is treated with a primer, which ensures the prevention of fungus and the fixing of the plaster, and wait for it to dry. After the primer has dried, you can start finishing work, using paint, ceramic tiles or waterproof wallpaper as a material;
When repairing a combined bathroom, it is not recommended to use only one color scheme, it is better to apply different materials and shades, which allows you to divide the room into sectors, because the main thing is to ensure harmony and comfort in the bathroom;

Important: when laying tiles on the walls, you should remember about the heated towel rail, which is also recommended to be replaced.

At self repair bathrooms, all materials and design of the room are chosen independently, providing a wide scope for design imagination. Yes, you can mount stretch ceiling in the bathroom using plastic panels or moisture-resistant drywall, characterized by ease of maintenance and resistance to moisture.
The fastening of such ceilings is carried out on metal carcass at the same time, holes for the lamps should be cut in advance. The color of such a ceiling does not always have to match the color of the walls; contrasting shades can also be used.

Important: when repairing a bathroom of a small area visual magnification space can be achieved through the use of mirrors and finishing materials light colors.

floors

It is desirable that the floor in the bathroom be equipped with heating, provided either by a special floor with electric heating, or by supplying central heating pipes.

The floor covering can be made of various waterproof materials, for example:

Tile;
Linoleum;
Cork
Wood (teak or larch), etc.

The main qualities that a bathroom floor should have are moisture resistance, non-slip and resistance to temperature extremes.

That's all I wanted to tell in this article. The above tips should help you properly carry out repairs so that the result is modern bathroom with maximum comfort and reliability, which will serve faithfully for many years.

Gallery

Toilet

Rice. one.
Scheme of equipment of a combined sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet bowl;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-horn hanger;
7 - hanger hooks.

toilet(bathroom). Designed to maintain cleanliness and personal hygiene. The main appliances that make up the equipment of the sanitary unit:, washbasin, toilet bowl, bidet; can be located either in the same room (combined bathroom), or in different ( separate bathroom). In the bathroom, as a rule, is also placed washing machine, a box for storing dirty linen. When solving the interior of a sanitary facility, it is desirable that its equipment and finishes are combined in color, style and materials.

The most convenient are the so-called recumbent bathtubs with a length of 150 or 170 cm. Washbasins that serve only for washing hands (located in the lavatory) may be smaller. The toilet is usually installed as close to the wall as possible. The position of the bidet in relation to sewer riser can be any; it is important to place it in such a way that it takes up less space and that it is convenient to use it. Schemes of bathroom equipment are shown in fig. 1 (for combined) and 2 (for separate); a fragment of the sanitary unit is shown in fig. 3.

The floor and walls in the bathroom are best laid out ceramic tiles. This is an ideal material, as it perfectly transfers moisture. On such a floor it is good to put, for example, terry rugs of suitable colors and patterns. On the toilet lid, the tank can also be put on terry covers, which looks very impressive. The walls in the bathroom are recommended to be faced up to a height of 1.5 m from the floor; in this case, it is better to use tiles of light colors - blue, white, cream, but black can also be used, which gives a peculiar effect. If you add mirrors on the walls to this, it turns out both original and beautiful. Above the tiles, the walls are painted white or another color (depending on the color of the tiles). The ceiling in the bathroom can be made completely luminous. This is done through false ceiling mounted from metal or plastic slats, between which frosted glass or plexiglass is inserted. Inside there are daylight lamps, which create a unique effect of the luminous surface of the ceiling (Fig. 4). If all this is supplemented with bright plastic details - towel racks, shelves, as well as a system of cabinets, then the interior will be advantageous in many respects.

The walls of the restroom are also laid out with ceramic tiles up to a height of 1.5 m (as in the bathroom) or up to the ceiling. Tiles for decoration should be light colors or with colored ornaments. It is better if the interior in the bathroom echoes the interior of the restroom.

Recently, for the decoration of bathrooms, various decorative materials- colored polymer films, multi-colored and painted facing tiles, as well as all kinds of plastics; they are commercially available in a wide range. The top of the walls and the ceiling can be pasted over with a film, combining colors. If there is no film, an ordinary household oilcloth is suitable. Last option especially handy for wooden house, since at the same time the rest of the premises are isolated from moisture. But in this case, the bathroom should have a very good ventilation. For painting wooden surfaces, it is best to use oil and other waterproof paints, and use water-based paints for coatings only in stone (brick, panel, etc.) houses.

Bath fittings. The most common 2 options for sealing the bath. The first is when the distance between the bathroom and the opposite parallel wall is large enough; the second - when this passage is limited in width. In the first case, the sealing of the bath begins with the manufacture wooden frame from rails with a section of 30 × 40 mm. The frame (Fig. 5) is a frame with 3 legs, connected with spikes and glue. The frame is attached to the walls with 4 screws. The upper edge of the frame is rounded - it enters under the bath flange. Cutouts are made along the edge of the frame for technological tides on the bath (from below under the shoulder). There is a gap at the bottom of the frame, thanks to which you can stand close to the bath when washing, washing the bath, etc. 2 shields made of decorative paper-laminated plastic are hung from the top of the frame on hinges suitable color. The bottom of the plastic should cover the bottom bar of the frame. All shields are equipped with magnetic or spring latches. One shield blocks the opening under the bathroom from the side of its end, where large household items are removed. Another shield closes the shelves under the side wall of the tub. The bottom shelf is made in height such that boxes with washing powders. The top shelf holds stocks of soap, powders, etc.

In the second case, plastic skids are installed on the frame (with shelves in the middle part), in which 2 identical doors made of decorative paper-laminated plastic can move. In the doors, with the help of a brace and perks, 2 holes with a diameter of 25-30 mm are drilled, which serve as a kind of handles.

Washbasin cover. If the bathroom has a washbasin, you can make a cabinet under it. The result is another storage for the necessary things and pipes that do not decorate the interior are closed. First, a frame with spikes and epoxy glue is assembled from slats with a cross section of 30 × 40 mm. Sidewalls made of plywood, chipboard or plastic are fixed on the frame. With inside on the door, you can install a box for dirty linen, in the walls and bottom of which ventilation holes are drilled (Fig. 6, a). If the linen box is not needed, then only easily removable shelves are made in the cabinet (Fig. 6, b).

Mirror. Above the washbasin, you can hang an ordinary round (or other shape) mirror in a beautiful frame and fix 2 decorative sconces on the sides (Fig. 7, a). But if you dream up a little, you can make "your own", a unique mirror. Here is one of the options. The mirror of the original form is mounted on a lacquered sheet of 8-10 mm. plywood, the ends of which are covered with dark paint. On the sides of the mirror, 2 home-made lamps with 15 W fluorescent lamps are installed (Fig. 7, b). Lamps on a plywood sheet are fixed with decorative caps-brackets made of sheet brass. Before installation, the plug-brackets are polished and “gilded”. The inductor and capacitor of the lamp can be placed in any convenient place, the switch can be placed next to the lamp, it is also good to install a socket to turn on the electric shaver.

The second version of the home-made design of the mirror is shown in Fig. 7, in. A mirror is attached to a polished plywood sheet, and a fluorescent lamp is mounted on top (behind the visor). In a convenient place, install a switch and a socket for an electric shaver.

Dressing table by the washbasin. A very convenient dressing table, covering the washbasin on both sides (Fig. 8, a). Naturally, such a table can be made if there is a place for it. The basis is a frame of bars with a section of 40 × 40 mm (Fig. 8, b). The tabletop is made of chipboard, in front of which they strengthen the end panel of chipboard, equal in width to the facing tile. The same tiles are laid on the countertop and end panel as the walls are covered. Below, under the dressing table, a locker is arranged.

Folding chair. The base of the chair (seat) is a 10 mm sheet. plywood, on which foam rubber 15-20 mm thick is pasted (Fig. 9). The chair can be upholstered in the same fabric as the bath mat.

They fasten the chair to the wall with loops and 2 chains, sheathed with the same material as the chair itself is covered with. A latch is placed on the wall to hold the chair in the lowered position.

Bath enclosure. In a combined bathroom, the toilet bowl is sometimes fenced off from the bath with a screen (Fig. 10). All kinds of sheet plastics, decorative paper-laminated plastic, painted or textured asbestos-cement slabs, Metelitsa glass, etc. can serve as a material for it.

If space permits, then the bathtub is fenced off from the toilet bookcase-locker, (Fig. 11). It is better to make such a locker from boards, but it can also be made from chipboard, covered with a decorative “wood-like” film. The basis of the bookcase-cabinet is a board 25-30 mm thick and 250-300 mm wide, going from the baseboard to the ceiling. The base board is attached to the wall with screws (two at the top, bottom and in the middle). 7-8 shelves of the same width (250-300 mm) are attached to the base board: the bottom one is 700 mm long, 3 (next from the bottom) - 670 mm, all the rest - 700 mm. The shelves are connected to the base board and to the outer board with round wooden spikes (dowels) on glue. A leg is nailed to the bottom board from the outside, equal in height to the plinth. 2-3 upper shelves are placed on stands 100 mm wide. Each stand is attached (on both sides) to the shelves with 2 round wooden spikes on glue. 5 bottom shelves and outer board form a box. Below you can arrange a locker. From the side of the toilet bowl, it has 2 doors, which are a frame made of rails with a sheet of decorative paper-laminated plastic fixed on it. The sheet is glued to the frame or nailed with small carnations. If space is limited, then the doors can be made on plastic skids (sliding). 2 shelves above the cabinet are decorated with slats. All wooden surfaces the bookcase-locker is covered with stain and varnish PF-283. The ends of the boards are painted with dark varnish.

Rice. 2.
Scheme of equipment of a separate sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet bowl;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-horn hanger;
7 - hanger hooks.

Rice. 3.
Fragment of a toilet.

Rice. 4.
An example of a bathroom interior with a luminous false ceiling.

Rice. 5.
Bath fitting:
a and b - frame;
in - plastic skids.

Rice. 6.
Washbasin end:
a - with a box for dirty linen;
b - with easily removable shelves.

Rice. 7.
Mirror:
a - with decorative sconces;
b - with fluorescent lamps;
c - the second option with fluorescent lamps.

Rice. eight.
Dressing table at the washbasin:
a - general view;
b - a fragment of the structure in the section;
1 - frame;
2 - tabletop;
3 - tile;
4 - end panel.

Rice. 58. The relationship of the kitchen in a rural house with other premises

1 - kitchen; 2 - entrance to the apartment; 3 - basement; 4 - food pantry; 5 - bathroom, toilet; 6 - veranda (terrace); 7 - common room

Rice. 59. Kitchen of a rural residential building with a solid fuel stove, water supply and sewerage (a) and without water supply and sewerage (b)

1 - solid fuel stove; 2 - sink; 3 - cabinet with sink; 4 - refrigerator; 5 - work table-cabinet; 6 - corner cabinet-table; 7 - cabinet-table for fuel; 5 - cold cabinet-table outer wall under the window; 9 - a cabinet-table for a water tank; 10 - a dining table; 11 - a chest-bench; 12 - stool

Sanitary units

3.5. Depending on the planning decisions and the size of the apartments in them

two main types of sanitary and hygienic premises are provided: a separate sanitary unit - a block of a bathroom and a lavatory; combined bathroom.

Bathroom - a room designed to install a bathtub with dimensions of 1500 × 700 or 1700 × 750 mm and a washbasin with a plan dimension of at least 550 × 420 mm. It is allowed to install a shower tray in the bathroom with a plan dimension of at least 800 × 800 mm. Lavatory - a room designed for the installation of a toilet bowl with a dimension in terms of at least 670 × 400 mm. Combined sanitary unit - a room designed for the installation of a bath, washbasin and toilet.

For more comfortable solutions, it is possible to arrange a toilet room - a room designed for the installation of a toilet bowl and a washstand with a plan dimension of at least 480 × 325 mm.

Combined bathrooms are used in one-room apartments or in apartments of four or more rooms if these apartments have toilet rooms. In other types of apartments, separate bathrooms are provided. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises, made in the form of prefabricated volumetric sanitary cabins, are shown in Fig. 60 and 61.

In bathrooms and combined bathrooms, it should be possible to place a washing machine (maximum plan size 600 × 500 mm). It is recommended to provide for the possibility of a fixed connection of an automatic washing machine to a hot water supply network. The installation diagram of an automatic washing machine in the bathroom is given in Fig. 62. In some cases, with special technical justifications, as well as for individual construction, sanitary and hygienic rooms of increased comfort with an expanded range of equipment can be used. It is recommended to install separate faucets for the bath and washbasin instead of one faucet, adopted in standard solutions, as well as a bidet with a dimension in terms of 640 × 350 mm and furniture containers. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic rooms of increased comfort are shown in Fig. 63.

In the absence of centralized systems in rural settlements engineering equipment it is allowed to provide decentralized systems of cold and hot water supply and sewerage in houses. In the absence of hot water supply in the bathroom, a place should be provided for a water heater with a diameter of 0.46 m for gas and 0.32 m for solid fuel. When installing a backlash closet in the house, it is necessary to place the restroom near the outer wall, and organize a gateway with air heating in front of the restroom (see Fig. 42, a, e).

Airing

3.7. In order to improve the microclimate and increase the economic performance of houses in sub-areas with dry hot summers (IVA, IVG, IIIA) and in areas with calm weather conditions of sub-district IVB, it is recommended to use horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments through light ventilation or ventilation shafts.

The size of the cross-section of light ventilation shafts is recommended to be taken in terms of 1:20 - 1:10 from the ventilated area, i.e. the total area of all apartments ventilated through the shaft on each floor. In order to ensure minimal illumination of the utility rooms of apartments facing the mine, the ratio of the smaller side of such a mine in terms of its total height should not exceed 1:8.

The cross-sectional size of ventilation shafts for ventilation of apartments is recommended to be taken in terms of 1:20 - 1:30 of the ventilated area with a ratio of the smaller side of the shaft in terms of height to 1:8 or more (Fig. 64).

Horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments can be arranged

also through the internal staircase and oppositely oriented openings.

Rice. 60. Planning solutions for voluminous reinforced concrete sanitary cabins

a - separate bathroom; 6 - combined bathroom; c - toilet room

Rice. 61. The prospect of solving volumetric sanitary cabins combined with a ventilation unit

a - separate bathroom; c - combined bathroom

Rice. 62. Layout of an automatic washing machine of maximum dimensions, connected to engineering equipment

1 - washing machine; 2 - inlet hose; 3 - drain hose; 4 - electric cord

Rice. 63. Planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic rooms of increased comfort

a - separate bathroom; b - combined bathroom

Rice. 64. Scheme of the mine ventilation device in the four-apartment section

Rice. 65. Scheme of separate ventilation of residential and utility rooms of apartments

Rice. 66. Schemes of corner (a) and through (b) ventilation of one- and two-room

TOILET- one or more rooms in which sanitary appliances for personal hygiene are installed. In the sanitary facilities of residential buildings, a set of sanitary appliances and equipment is determined depending on the level of improvement and classification of the building. A sanitary unit in which all appliances are installed in the same room is called combined; a sanitary unit consisting of two rooms, one of which has a toilet bowl or a toilet bowl with a washbasin, is separate. Sanitary fixtures are usually placed along one wall, which creates best opportunities for pipeline installation.

Sanitary units with significant heat loss are equipped with heating appliances. In sanitary facilities that are not adjacent to external walls, a heated towel rail is used as a heating device. Sometimes electrical infrared heaters switched on while using the bathroom. Ventilation of sanitary facilities is usually exhaust with a natural impulse. In the southern regions, for better ventilation, sanitary facilities are located near the outer walls, in which window openings are provided.

The comfort of a sanitary unit largely depends on the availability of additional equipment, the layout and placement of all details, such as wall shelves, soap dishes, paper holders, hooks, built-in or wall-mounted toilet cabinets with a mirror, hangers for clothes and towels, a waterproof bath curtain, seats for undressing, heated towel rails, lamps, containers for storing dirty linen, basins and other household items.

In construction practice recent years, in order to increase industrialization, has become widespread effective method- installation of sanitary facilities using enlarged factory-made elements: sanitary blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc. In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary appliances, electric towels, centralized devices with the supply of liquid soap to each washbasin, watering taps for washing the premises and floor drains are installed. In a number of consumer services enterprises (trading, public catering, etc.)

Bathrooms have shower cabins and women's personal hygiene cabins. Sanitary units public buildings are usually equipped exhaust ventilation with mechanical impulse, which guarantees constant air exchange. The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their decoration are made of waterproof materials, which make it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are waterproofed. For flooring, ceramic or plastic tiles are mainly used. The walls are finished with oil paint, lined with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials e.g. enamelled ultra-rigid fibreboards, plastics, synthetic films. All pipelines of bathrooms should be hidden under the cladding, and the room should have a minimum of corners, wests, niches and other hard-to-reach places for cleaning.

Toilet

Rice. one.
Scheme of equipment of a combined sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet bowl;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-horn hanger;
7 - hanger hooks.

toilet(bathroom). Designed to maintain cleanliness and personal hygiene. The main appliances that make up the equipment of the sanitary unit:, washbasin, toilet bowl, bidet; can be located either in the same room (combined bathroom), or in different rooms (separate bathroom). The bathroom, as a rule, also houses a washing machine, a box for storing dirty laundry. When solving the interior of a sanitary facility, it is desirable that its equipment and finishes are combined in color, style and materials.

The most convenient are the so-called recumbent bathtubs with a length of 150 or 170 cm. Washbasins that serve only for washing hands (located in the lavatory) may be smaller. The toilet is usually installed as close to the wall as possible. The position of the bidet in relation to the sewer riser can be any; it is important to place it in such a way that it takes up less space and that it is convenient to use it. Schemes of bathroom equipment are shown in fig. 1 (for combined) and 2 (for separate); a fragment of the sanitary unit is shown in fig. 3.

The floor and walls in the bathroom are best laid out with ceramic tiles. This is an ideal material, as it perfectly transfers moisture. On such a floor it is good to put, for example, terry rugs of suitable colors and patterns. On the toilet lid, the tank can also be put on terry covers, which looks very impressive. The walls in the bathroom are recommended to be faced up to a height of 1.5 m from the floor; in this case, it is better to use tiles of light colors - blue, white, cream, but black can also be used, which gives a peculiar effect. If you add mirrors on the walls to this, it turns out both original and beautiful. Above the tiles, the walls are painted white or another color (depending on the color of the tiles). The ceiling in the bathroom can be made completely luminous. This is done by means of a false ceiling mounted from metal or plastic slats, between which frosted glass or plexiglass is inserted. Inside there are daylight lamps, which create a unique effect of the luminous surface of the ceiling (Fig. 4). If all this is supplemented with bright plastic details - towel racks, shelves, as well as a system of cabinets, then the interior will be advantageous in many respects.

Recently, various decorative materials have been increasingly used for finishing bathrooms - colored polymer films, multi-colored and painted facing tiles, as well as all kinds of plastics; they are commercially available in a wide range. The top of the walls and the ceiling can be pasted over with a film, combining colors. If there is no film, an ordinary household oilcloth is suitable. The latter option is especially convenient in a wooden house, since at the same time the rest of the premises are isolated from moisture. But in this case, the bathroom must have very good ventilation. For painting wooden surfaces, it is best to use oil and other waterproof paints, and use water-based paints for coatings only in stone (brick, panel, etc.) houses.

Bath fittings. The most common 2 options for sealing the bath. The first is when the distance between the bathroom and the opposite parallel wall is large enough; the second - when this passage is limited in width. In the first case, the sealing of the bath begins with the manufacture of a wooden frame from slats with a section of 30 × 40 mm. The frame (Fig. 5) is a frame with 3 legs, connected with spikes and glue. The frame is attached to the walls with 4 screws. The upper edge of the frame is rounded - it enters under the bath flange. Cutouts are made along the edge of the frame for technological tides on the bath (from below under the shoulder). There is a gap at the bottom of the frame, thanks to which you can stand close to the bath when washing, washing the bath, etc. 2 shields made of decorative paper-laminated plastic of a suitable color are hung from the top of the frame on hinges. The bottom of the plastic should cover the bottom bar of the frame. All shields are equipped with magnetic or spring latches. One shield blocks the opening under the bathroom from the side of its end, where large household items are removed. Another shield closes the shelves under the side wall of the tub. The bottom shelf is made in such a height that boxes with washing powders can be placed on it. The top shelf holds stocks of soap, powders, etc.

Washbasin cover. If the bathroom has a washbasin, you can make a cabinet under it. The result is another storage for the necessary things and pipes that do not decorate the interior are closed. First, a frame with spikes and epoxy glue is assembled from slats with a cross section of 30 × 40 mm. Sidewalls made of plywood, chipboard or plastic are fixed on the frame. On the inside, on the door, you can install a box for dirty linen, in the walls and bottom of which ventilation holes are drilled (Fig. 6, a). If the linen box is not needed, then only easily removable shelves are made in the cabinet (Fig. 6, b).

Dressing table by the washbasin. Very convenient dressing tablecovering the washbasin on both sides (Fig. 8, a). Naturally, such a table can be made if there is a place for it. The basis is a frame of bars with a section of 40 × 40 mm (Fig. 8, b). The tabletop is made of chipboard, in front of which they strengthen the end panel of chipboard, equal in width to the facing tile. The same tiles are laid on the countertop and end panel as the walls are covered. Below, under the dressing table, a locker is arranged.

Folding chair. The base of the chair (seat) is a 10 mm sheet. plywood, on which foam rubber 15-20 mm thick is pasted (Fig. 9). The chair can be upholstered in the same fabric as the bath mat.

If space permits, then the bathtub is fenced off from the toilet bookcase-locker, (Fig. 11). It is better to make such a locker from boards, but it can also be made from chipboard, covered with a decorative “wood-like” film. The basis of the bookcase-cabinet is a board 25-30 mm thick and 250-300 mm wide, going from the baseboard to the ceiling. The base board is attached to the wall with screws (two at the top, bottom and in the middle). 7-8 shelves of the same width (250-300 mm) are attached to the base board: the bottom one is 700 mm long, 3 (next from the bottom) - 670 mm, all the rest - 700 mm. The shelves are connected to the base board and to the outer board with round wooden spikes (dowels) on glue. A leg is nailed to the bottom board from the outside, equal in height to the plinth. 2-3 upper shelves are placed on stands 100 mm wide. Each stand is attached (on both sides) to the shelves with 2 round wooden spikes on glue. 5 bottom shelves and outer board form a box. Below you can arrange a locker. From the side of the toilet bowl, it has 2 doors, which are a frame made of rails with a sheet of decorative paper-laminated plastic fixed on it. The sheet is glued to the frame or nailed with small carnations. If space is limited, then the doors can be made on plastic skids (sliding). 2 shelves above the cabinet are decorated with slats. All wooden surfaces of the bookcase-locker are covered with stain and varnish PF-283. The ends of the boards are painted with dark varnish.

Rice. 2.
Scheme of equipment of a separate sanitary unit:
1 - bath;
2 - washbasin;
3 - toilet bowl;
4 - heated towel rail;
5 - paper holder;
6 - three-horn hanger;
7 - hanger hooks.

Rice. 3.
Fragment of a toilet.

Rice. 4.
An example of a bathroom interior with a luminous false ceiling.

Rice. 5.
Bath fitting:
a and b - frame;
in - plastic skids.

Rice. 6.
Washbasin end:
a - with a box for dirty linen;
b - with easily removable shelves.

Rice. 7.
Mirror:
a - with decorative sconces;
b - with fluorescent lamps;
c - the second option with fluorescent lamps.

Rice. eight.
Dressing table at the washbasin:
a - general view;
b - a fragment of the structure in the section;
1 - frame;
2 - tabletop;
3 - tile;
4 - end panel.

Rice. nine.
Folding chair for the bathroom.

Encyclopedia "Housing". - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. A. A. Bogdanov, V. I. Borodulin, E. A. Karnaukhov, V. I. Shteiman. Wikipedia

TOILET- one or several rooms, in which sanitary appliances are installed, With industrial methods, construction residential buildings S. at. often performed in the form of fabricated. on z de san. tech. cabins (see Volumetric block) ... Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary

Sanitary unit (bathroom)- 1.2.36. Sanitary unit (bathroom) is a sanitary and hygienic room with a toilet bowl and a washbasin ...

One or several premises, in which sanitary appliances for personal hygiene of a person are installed.

In the sanitary facilities of residential buildings, a set of sanitary appliances and equipment is determined depending on the level of improvement and classification of the building. A sanitary unit in which all devices are installed in one room is called combined; S. at., Consisting of two premises, in one of to-rykh the toilet bowl or a toilet bowl with a wash basin - separate is established. The allowable dimensions of the sanitary unit (with the appropriate set of equipment), adopted in the mass housing construction, are shown in fig. one.

Sanitary fixtures are usually placed along one wall, which creates the best opportunities for piping installation.

Sanitary units, which means heat loss, are equipped with heating and appliances. In S. at., not adjacent to the outer walls, the heating device is a heated towel rail. Sometimes electric power is used. infrared heaters that are turned on while using the bathroom. Ventilation S. at. usually exhaust from nature. prompting. In the south districts for better ventilation S. at. located on the outer walls

in which window openings are provided.

The comfort of a sanitary unit depends to a large extent on the availability of additional equipment, layout and placement of all details (wall shelves, soap dishes, paper holders, hooks, built-in or wall-mounted toilet cabinets with a mirror, hangers for clothes and towels, a waterproof curtain by the bath, seats for undressing, heated towel rails, lamps, containers for storing dirty linen, basins and other household items).

In the practice of building in recent years, in order to increase industrial justice, a very effective method has become widespread - the installation of sanitary facilities using enlarged factory-made elements: sanitary-technical. blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic. materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc.

In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary appliances, electric towels, centralized devices with the supply of liquid soap to each washbasin, watering taps for washing the premises and floor drains are installed. In a number of consumer services enterprises (trading, public catering, etc.), bathrooms have shower cabins and cabins for women's personal hygiene. S. at. societies, buildings are equipped, as a rule, with mechanical exhaust ventilation. impulse to ensure constant air exchange.

The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their finishing are made of waterproof materials, which make it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are waterproofed. For covering floors in the main. ceramics are used. or plastic tiles. Walls get off oil paint, lined with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials, e.g. films. All pipelines of bathrooms should be hidden under the lining, and the room should have a minimum of corners, wests, niches, and other hard-to-reach places for cleaning.

Sanitary units with significant heat loss are equipped with heating appliances. In sanitary facilities that are not adjacent to external walls, a heated towel rail is used as a heating device. Sometimes electric infrared heaters are used, which are turned on while using the bathroom. Ventilation of sanitary facilities is usually exhaust with a natural impulse. In the southern regions, for better ventilation, sanitary facilities are located near the outer walls, in which window openings are provided.

In the practice of construction in recent years, in order to increase industrialization, a very effective method has become widespread - the installation of sanitary facilities using enlarged factory-made elements: sanitary blocks, panels and cabins made of concrete, gypsum concrete, asbestos cement, as well as synthetic materials - laminated plastics, polystyrene, etc. In the bathrooms of public buildings, in addition to sanitary appliances, electric towels, centralized devices with the supply of liquid soap to each washbasin, watering taps for washing the premises and floor drains are installed. In a number of consumer services enterprises (trading, public catering, etc.)

Bathrooms have shower cabins and women's personal hygiene cabins. Sanitary units of public buildings are equipped, as a rule, with mechanically driven exhaust ventilation, which guarantees constant air exchange. The enclosing structures of all types of bathrooms and their decoration are made of waterproof materials, which make it easy to clean and wash the premises. The floors are waterproofed. For flooring, ceramic or plastic tiles are mainly used. The walls are finished with oil paint, tiled with various tiles (ceramic, plastic) or sheet materials, for example, enamelled super-hard fiberboards, plastics, synthetic films. All pipelines of bathrooms should be hidden under the cladding, and the room should have a minimum of corners, wests, niches and other hard-to-reach places for cleaning.

Rice. 58. The relationship of the kitchen in a rural house with other premises

1 - kitchen; 2 - entrance to the apartment; 3 - basement; 4 - food pantry; 5 - bathroom, restroom; 6 - veranda (terrace); 7 - common room

Rice. 59. Kitchen of a rural residential building with a solid fuel stove, water supply and sewerage (a) and without water supply and sewerage (b)

1 - solid fuel stove; 2 - sink; 3 - a cabinet with a sink; 4 - refrigerator; 5 - desktop-cabinet; 6 - corner cabinet-table; 7 - cabinet-table for fuel; 5 - a cold cabinet-table near the outer wall under the window; 9 - cabinet-table for a water tank; 10 - dining table; 11 - chest-bench; 12 - stool

Sanitary units

3.5. Depending on the planning decisions and the size of the apartments in them

two main types of sanitary and hygienic premises are provided: a separate sanitary unit - a block of a bathroom and a lavatory; combined bathroom.

Bathroom - a room designed to install a bathtub with dimensions of 1500 × 700 or 1700 × 750 mm and a washbasin with a plan dimension of at least 550 × 420 mm. Can be installed in the bathroom shower tray with a plan dimension of at least 800 × 800 mm. Lavatory - a room designed for the installation of a toilet bowl with a dimension in terms of at least 670 × 400 mm. Combined sanitary unit - a room designed for the installation of a bath, washbasin and toilet.

For more comfortable solutions, it is possible to arrange a toilet room - a room designed for the installation of a toilet bowl and a washstand with a plan dimension of at least 480 × 325 mm.

Shared bathrooms are used in one-room apartments or in apartments of four or more rooms, if these apartments have toilet rooms. In other types of apartments, separate bathrooms are provided. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic premises, made in the form of prefabricated volumetric sanitary cabins, are shown in fig. 60 and 61.

In bathrooms and combined bathrooms, it should be possible to place a washing machine (maximum plan size 600 × 500 mm). It is recommended to provide for the possibility of a fixed connection of an automatic washing machine to a hot water supply network. The installation diagram of an automatic washing machine in the bathroom is given in fig. 62 . In some cases, with special technical justifications, as well as for individual construction, sanitary and hygienic rooms of increased comfort with an expanded range of equipment can be used. It is recommended to install separate faucets for the bathtub and washbasin instead of one faucet, adopted in standard solutions, as well as a bidet with a plan dimension of 640 × 350 mm and furniture containers. Examples of planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic rooms of increased comfort are shown in fig. 63 .

In the absence of centralized systems of engineering equipment in rural settlements, it is allowed to provide decentralized systems of cold and hot water supply and sewerage in houses. In the absence of hot water supply in the bathroom, a place should be provided for a water heater with a diameter of 0.46 m for gas and 0.32 m for solid fuel. When installing a backlash closet in the house, it is necessary to place the restroom near the outer wall, and organize a gateway with air heating in front of the restroom (see fig. 42, a, e).

Airing

The cross-sectional size of ventilation shafts for ventilation of apartments is recommended to be taken in terms of 1:20 - 1:30 from the ventilated area with a ratio of the smaller side of the shaft in terms of height 1:8 or more (Fig. 64).

Horizontal-vertical ventilation of apartments can be arranged

also through the internal staircase and oppositely oriented openings.

Rice. 60. Planning solutions for voluminous reinforced concrete sanitary cabins

a - separate bathroom; 6 - combined bathroom; c - toilet room

Rice. 61. The prospect of solving volumetric sanitary cabins combined with a ventilation unit

a - separate bathroom; in - combined bathroom

Rice. 62. Layout of an automatic washing machine of maximum dimensions, connected to engineering equipment

1 - washing machine; 2 - inlet hose; 3 - drain hose; 4 - power cord

Rice. 63. Planning solutions for sanitary and hygienic rooms of increased comfort

a - separate bathroom; b - combined bathroom

Rice. 64. Scheme of the mine ventilation device in the four-apartment section

Rice. 65. Scheme of separate ventilation of residential and utility rooms of apartments

Rice. 66. Schemes of corner (a) and through (b) ventilation of one- and two-room