Connect electricity to garage doors. How to conduct light in the garage: wiring and connection

23.06.2020

Even in the simple garage lighting is required, but if the wiring is done on hastily, then it would be unreasonable to expect it to be reliable and fireproof. Creating proper working conditions in this room, one cannot neglect the rules for working with electrical wiring, otherwise the consequences can be the most unpredictable. In this article, we will tell you how to do the wiring in the garage with your own hands, adhering to the rules and regulations.

Types of garages and ways to connect to the power supply

Depending on where the garage is located, the way it is connected to the power supply may differ.

In cooperative garages

In car cooperatives, each garage has a power supply, the condition of which must be taken care of by an electrician, but as for the wiring inside the building, here you can improvise, of course, within the permissible limits. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop an individual wiring diagram, taking into account the allocated or maximum permissible power.

Find out what power the machine is installed at the entrance. If 10 A, then you can only rely on the fact that in the garage, in addition to lighting, it will be possible to connect a low-power drill, grinder and the like to the network, and even then not at the same time. When the input machine is designed for a trip current of 16 A, it will be possible to briefly use weak household electric welding. With a machine installed at 25 A, there will be no special power restrictions.

In a private house

As a rule, the garage of a private house is connected to the power supply through a common machine. When calculating the power of electrical equipment that will be connected in the garage, it is necessary to take into account the power consumption of appliances in the house. If this is not just a garage, but a car repair shop in which electric welding will be carried out, then the do-it-yourself wiring diagram in the garage should include a separate 220 or 380 V line.

We draw up a wiring diagram

To correctly draw up a wiring diagram, make a list of electrical appliances that you plan to use in the garage. It is mandatory to take into account the number of fixtures and their location.

If the garage is only used for parking and minor repairs vehicle, there is no need for in large numbers sockets and lamps, but you don’t need to save much either. Above the workbench or near the entrance, you can install several sockets and two-gang switch in order to be able to divide the lighting lines into groups.

A multipurpose garage should have good lighting and plenty of conveniently located outlets. It is also necessary to provide safe lighting of the viewing hole.

What to include in the scheme?

In any garage, an RCD (residual current device) must be installed. Although this device is not cheap, it will protect the owner from electric shock. The rated current of the RCD must be selected in accordance with the load current of the wiring line, otherwise the device may not work at the right time.

Also, do not save on the purchase of circuit breakers - it is better that each line is connected separately. Of course, it is necessary to take into account the total power of the connected devices so that you can calculate the cross section of the wire being laid.

simple circuit

Often, owners of garages used only for car storage are limited to installing a paired circuit breaker at the entrance, one or two sockets and several lamps, which are controlled by a single-gang switch. This scheme has its advantages: to pick up the car from the garage or put it there, just turn on one switch, and the light will be on throughout the room.

One outlet is connected directly to the machines, while the second is included in the same circuit with the lamps. Leaving the garage, you can be sure that by turning off the light, you de-energized the far outlet. Even if the owner of the garage accidentally forgets to turn off Charger, then it will turn off along with the light. The simplicity of the scheme implies some limitations. So, all 4 lamps will turn on at the same time, and the second socket is only suitable for powering low-power devices through it, otherwise the switch contacts will burn out.

Now consider the electrical circuit of the garage with a viewing hole. 5 lines depart from the introductory electrical panel:

Outlet group 1.
Outlet group 2.
Lighting group 1.
Lighting group 2.
Pit lighting.

An introductory machine, an RCD and several circuit breakers are installed in the electrical panel - each for its own group. As for the lighting of the viewing hole, it is carried out through a transformer that lowers the voltage to 12 or 36V.

Video: wiring diagrams

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On the Internet, you can find photos of a wide variety of wiring diagrams in the garage.

Purchase of consumables

Having drawn up a diagram, purchase everything you need to complete the job. We will do it thoroughly and for a long time, so we will consider the installation of hidden wiring. In fairness, it should be said that there are other ways to lay wires in the garage that you can read about.

In order not to waste precious time and effort in vain, purchase or rent a wall chaser and a puncher with a set of drills and a concrete crown, the diameter of which will allow you to install socket boxes and junction boxes in the holes cut with it. We won’t even talk about a chisel and a hammer, since such a tool should be in any garage.

For further work you will need:

Distribution board - 1 pc.
Electricity meter - 1 pc. (if needed).
RCD - 1 pc.
Socket boxes - by the number of mortise switches and sockets.
Junction boxes - in every place where there will be a tap to sockets and switches.
Circuit breakers - type and quantity according to the scheme. It may be necessary to install some machines separately, for example, near grinder, compressor, etc.
Wiring. It is better to purchase a copper three-core wire. For lighting - 1.5 mm2. For sockets - 2.5 mm2. For wiring around the garage to the shield - 4 mm2. Quantity - according to the scheme + 10% for unaccounted for conclusions in distribution boxes and sockets. In order to power more powerful consumers, it is recommended to run a separate electrical wiring line from switchboard to the right place.
Corrugated pvc pipes under the wiring. The diameter and quantity are selected according to the existing wiring. If the wiring will pass through flammable materials, then a metal corrugated pipe must be laid in such places.
If there is a point in the garage for connecting 380V electrical equipment, then you need to take care of purchasing a specific outlet and the appropriate cable.
Sockets. Their number should be sufficient for convenient use. It is important to remember that there can be several lamps above the workbench - they can be connected both through junction boxes and directly into sockets.
Switch. Someone prefers to turn off the lights in the garage with one switch, another likes to divide into several groups, and the third installs a switch under each lamp - everyone can do it the way it will be convenient for him to use it.

The switchboard can be made independently, as the author of this video:

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Installation

It is quite possible to do the installation of electrical wiring in the garage with your own hands, as you will now see.

So, there is a scheme, tools and materials are prepared - you can get to work.

We will mark the walls in those places where the wiring will pass, and switches, sockets and distribution boxes will be installed. It is important to remember that laying the wire along the oblique is undesirable. Then, if you need to fix something on the wall, it will be difficult to determine where the wire passes in the wall - it is better to do all the taps at a right angle.
After marking the walls, once again check with the diagram, checking if nothing has been missed.
Drive the car into the garage and check if the outlets and lights are conveniently located. If not, then mark the places where it would be better to install them. Will a light fixture mounted on the ceiling or wall properly illuminate the engine so that the oil level can be checked.
Now the car is not needed, and it is better if it is outside the garage.
Crown right size all holes are made for junction boxes and sockets.
According to the markings, strobes are cut out, then the excess is removed with a perforator construction material by cutting depth. The result should be a groove in which the corrugated pipe intended for it will hide.

Now you can conduct electrical wiring in the garage, which will help step-by-step instruction. Let's make a reservation right away that professionals first lay the corrugation in the wall, install the sockets, and then tighten the cable. But if the wiring in the garage is being laid for the first time with your own hands, then it is better to adhere to the technology we have proposed.

Having bent the end of the wire sticking out of the corrugation, the corrugation itself is placed in a strobe so that it enters the sockets.
The marked piece of corrugation is cut off, and the end of the wire is bent so that it does not fall inward.
Then the wire is threaded into the corrugation so that free ends remain on both sides - 15 centimeters each. You can familiarize yourself with this process in more detail by watching the video.

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The corrugation with the wire is placed in a strobe and covered with alabaster. Such actions are performed with the remaining wire.
Then the wire, together with the corrugation, is inserted into the sockets / distribution boxes, and only after that they are installed and fixed with alabaster. In those places where lamps will be installed on the wall, the wire is simply brought out.
After installing the input shield, the wires are connected to the machines. To make it easier to navigate and not confuse anything, each wire must be signed, indicating what it is intended for in this circuit.

When the wiring in the garage is performed by a non-specialist, there are often problems with connecting the RCD. A selection of two videos will help you avoid mistakes when connecting this device.

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After connecting the wires, it is advisable to check once again whether everything is assembled correctly in the shield.
Now you can turn on the introductory machine, then the RCD and all the machines in turn.
If the installation is done correctly, then all connection points should work.

As you can see, even a non-professional can handle this job. If, after reading, you still continue to doubt your abilities and your palms begin to sweat from the mere thought of working with electricity, then it is better to invite a specialist.

The premises in the garage cooperative, as a rule, are also used as a workshop. Locksmith work, repair and maintenance of a car is difficult to perform in an apartment. Therefore, car owners organize workplace in your own garage.

If you plan to perform more complex work than changing oil and filters, the room must be electrified. Most garage cooperatives provide a similar service, but the service usually ends with connecting the input to the meter. Further wiring in the garage is carried out by the owner. Calling an electrician will cost a lot of money. However, if you have basic electrical skills, you can do the work yourself.

Only a few security measures are required

As a rule of thumb (informal), laying should be done carefully, using quality materials. A common misconception is that “any trash will go into the garage” can lead to a fire or electric shock.

Key points to know:

Electrical wiring is laid either in strobes or in a fireproof corrugation. For a garage, this is especially true, since the likelihood of damage to the highway in such premises is higher.
When installing wiring in a metal garage, insulating corrugations are required. Switching equipment is mounted on panels made of dielectric materials.
Consideration must be given to the effects of dampness and aggressive liquids.
Be sure to separate the lighting line and power outlets to separate circuit breakers.
After the metering device, a common introductory machine is installed: leaving the garage, you can de-energize it with one movement. A separate lighting line is allowed, which will be constantly under load.
The power supply line of the inspection pit (basement) is carried out with separate protection, it is desirable to use a low voltage source (12 volts) with galvanic isolation from the 220 volt network.

Often a situation arises when you purchase a garage with electrification already completed. If the wiring diagram in the garage was made by the previous owner with violations, it must be redone.

How to plan the power supply of the garage

Before laying the wiring in the garage with your own hands, you need to draw a diagram. Regardless of the condition of the premises (a new garage, or equipment is already placed in it: workbenches, light points, shelving), perform the layout.

Lighting is divided into several groups

Important! Installation of lamps and switches on metal walls is not allowed. Use dielectric substrates.

Socket network

The general rule for placing power points in the garage: a standby outlet near the input shield, and groups of outlets in work areas. Each group is connected to a separate circuit breaker. When the machine is triggered, your entire garage should not be de-energized.

Electrical panel installation

Do-it-yourself wiring in the garage starts from the switchgear. If the electricity meter is located outside, the “reference point” is the input machine. If the counter is inside, the same machine is installed immediately after it. The input machine can be connected in front of the meter (with consumer access), then it is sealed together with the meter.

Once the equipment is sealed by a power sales employee, you will not be able to change the input configuration. Therefore, the wiring diagram in the garage is planned initially, taking into account the location of these elements.

The switchboard is located as close as possible to the entry point. The shorter the cable length to the first circuit breaker (in your area of responsibility), the higher the level of security.
It is desirable to perform all switching in one box. An exception can be made in the case when the meter does not fit your switchboard.
All circuit breakers must be marked. The opinion that: “I remember everything anyway” is dangerous. There are times when you cannot physically tell the rescuers how to de-energize this or that line.
The electrical panel with a metal case must be grounded. How to make grounding in the garage with your own hands depends on the material of the walls.

Proper organization of grounding

Why do you need "land" in the garage?

For fire protection. In the event that a phase (faulty power tool, damaged wire) touches the grounded parts of the structure, heating does not occur, the circuit breaker is activated.
For protection against electric shock. Only for this, one more condition is necessary: the installation of an RCD.

Grounding is carried out according to standard rules: 3 rigid conductors are installed vertically in the ground, interconnected.

A steel bus (copper cable) is run from the ground loop to the garage. From the ground connection point, wiring is carried out to the shield, and to the socket network. Frame metal garage is grounded on a common basis, and cannot be a connection point or a ground bus.

The use of an ungrounded socket network, and an ungrounded power tool in a metal case is unacceptable! Especially in a metal, grounded garage.

It must be remembered that conventional circuit breakers, grounding are not a guarantee against electric shock. This is what RCDs are for.

Wiring organization

From a security point of view, the question is: "how to do the wiring in the garage with your own hands?" is in first place. You may have excellent grounding, an expensive fireproof electrical panel, and a damaged wire with an incorrectly calculated cross section will be the weak link.

You can choose the right cable according to the table.

It must be remembered that the diameter of the copper core and the cross section of the conductor are different values. If you have a high-quality unmarked wire, measure the diameter of the stripped core with a micrometer or caliper, and calculate the cross section using the formula:

section = 0.785 × diameter²

The classic wiring for the garage is not suitable, junction boxes only increase the vulnerability of the wiring. The best option is a star: one circuit breaker - one consumer (group).

The figure shows the wiring diagram in the garage.

Depending on the material from which the garage is built, we organize cable laying. For stone and metal structures ordinary corrugation (steel or plastic) is used. It must be remembered that laying the wire in the corrugation only increases the resistance to mechanical damage, and is not fire protection. Even the marking "NG" is not a 100% guarantee against fire during overheating. So circuit breakers should not be overly powerful. Optimum overheating operation - exceeding the allowable current by 2 times.

The corrugation with the cable is laid parallel and perpendicular. Diagonals, rounding of corners are not allowed. There should be no shelves or racks in front of the laid lines. It is especially dangerous to crush the insulation with a metal box or canister.

Of course, the electrical wiring can be laid in cable ducts. This is somewhat more expensive than corrugation, but much more aesthetically pleasing.

Backup power 12 volts

In some cases, it may be the main one. Not all garages have power supply.

If you will not use the garage for an extended period of time, the battery should be completely disconnected from the backup power line.

Schema creation rules

The easiest way is if the garage is being built on a site to which a power line has already been connected, a separate switchboard is installed. It remains only to run the cable from the shield to the garage. If the latter is a building located far from the main house, then you will have to choose two connection options: from the house or a separate line from a pole located outside the territory of the summer cottage. The second option is more difficult because the air can be carried out by electricians who have access to this type of work. In addition, a separate switchboard will have to be installed in the garage.

Now, as for the wiring diagram in the garage (wires and cables). First of all, the entry point of the external power cable, as well as the location of the shield. Then the locations of lamps and sockets are applied to the diagram. All this is connected by wiring lines. What are the requirements for all these elements:

Wiring lines inside the garage should only be laid in vertical or horizontal directions. No bias.

The transition from a horizontal section to a vertical one (and vice versa) is carried out only at a right angle.

Source ms.decoratex.biz

Distance of horizontal sections from ceiling or floor, vertical from the corners of the building, window and doorways- 15 cm.

Also distance and to heating appliances (radiators, stoves, etc.).

Number of outlets at the rate of one per 6 m 2 or every 4 m.

Socket installation height- 60 cm from the floor surface.

Mounting height of switches- 1.5 m. They are mounted at a distance of at least 15 cm from the door jambs.

If the garage has a basement and a viewing hole, then they have sockets do not install. This also applies to light switches. These elements are mounted in the garage itself in a convenient place.

The optimal solution is a three-phase wiring diagram. In this case, one phase is connected only to lighting fixtures, the other two are scattered over sockets. If a three-phase connection is a problem, then use a single-phase (220 volts). For this option, you will have to accurately calculate the load on the cables and select their cross section correctly. This mainly applies to wires for sockets.

In this case, again, it is better to divide the circuit into two sections: for light bulbs and sockets. And for each train you have to pick up circuit breaker in terms of power consumption and current.

Source infourok.ru

How to correctly calculate the amount of materials required

After creating a circuit, you can easily count the number of sockets and switches. More difficult with cable. Will have according to the scheme on internal walls garage, apply cable laying lines. After that, each section is measured with a tape measure and added to the total amount.

Please note that each loop will have its own wire section. Therefore, the length of each section is calculated separately. Do not forget about the external line: from the pole to the garage. Typically, a copper cable with a cross section of 10 mm 2 is used for this. It will be enough even if the garage is converted into a workshop.

As for the cross section of cables for lamps, a wire with a cross section of 1.0-1.5 mm 2 is suitable here. For sockets, it is necessary to calculate the power of the equipment and power tools that will be connected to them. To do this, the power of all devices is summed up, that is, the total power consumption is determined, regardless of whether the tools will be operated simultaneously. The resulting value is increased by 20%. This is the so-called margin of safety. Now we need to turn to special tables, which show the dependence of power consumption and the cross section of the electric cable. The photo below shows one of these tables.

Source drive2.ru

As practice shows, a cable with a cross section of 4 mm 2 is suitable for sockets. And this is the maximum value. For many power tools, 2.5 mm 2 will be sufficient.

If the installation of electrical wiring in the garage will be carried out open way, then you will have to calculate the number of fasteners and corrugations or cable channels. Of course it's better to concealed wiring followed by wall decoration. The wires will not be visible, which means they will not spoil the appearance of the premises. The only thing that needs to be done is to put the circuit in a safe place so as not to lose it in case you need to hammer a nail or screw a screw into one of the walls. In order not to damage the laid cable.

Stages of wiring installation

Stage three:

preparation;

installation outdoor area;

installation internal circuit.

Preparatory work

Mostly they are carried out inside the garage. The ongoing work relates to marking, creating places for installing sockets and switches, places for fixing lighting fixtures and laying wires. Marking does not cause problems. It must be transferred from the diagram to the walls of the garage using a ruler and a pencil. If the garage is large, then it is recommended to use a marking cord. Do not forget that all lines are applied only vertically or horizontally.

Source evrasia-today.ru

On our website you can find the most . In the filters, you can set the desired direction, the presence of gas, water, electricity and other communications.

Sockets for sockets, switches and switch boxes are made with a diamond-cut puncher. Strobes in the walls with a special tool called a wall chaser. Although there are several ways to make strobes: from a simple one - a hammer with a chisel, to a more effective one - a puncher with a spade-shaped nozzle. Although the wall chaser is both the speed of the operations carried out and the evenness of the cut channels. But a lot of dust.

The depth and width of the strobe depends on the diameter of the electrical wire. But, as practice shows, both dimensional parameters usually do not exceed 2 cm.

As for the wiring diagram for lighting in the garage. The cable in this case is pulled along the ceiling. If the cover is reinforced concrete slabs, then the cable is passed between them in the gap, which is subsequently covered with cement-sand mortar or finished plaster mixture. If the overlap is one monolithic slab, then the cable is passed through the corrugation, which is attached to the ceiling with clamps on self-tapping screws.

Source: montazh-sveta.ru

Outdoor cable laying

There are two ways: air and underground. It is better to choose the first one, as the simplest and least time-consuming. There are some requirements that apply to this type of wiring:

If the cable has to be laid over the carriageway, then height laying should not be less than 6 m.

Above pedestrian zone not less than 3.75 m.

Entering the garage must be carried out at a height of at least 2.75 m.

If the distance from the power line pole to the garage is more than 25 m, you will have to install an additional intermediate support.

A few words about the third requirement. The garage is a low building, so given parameter hard to endure. To solve the problem, proceed as follows - from a steel pipe with a diameter of 20-32 mm, make a stand in the form of a curved structure, as shown in the photo below. This device is attached to the roof of the garage or to the wall.

Source krsk.au.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer services for the construction of small architectural forms. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

If it is decided to carry out underground laying, then there are no serious requirements for it. The only important requirement is to use an armored cable marked with the letter “b”, for example, VBBSHV.

From the power line pole, they dig a trench towards the garage, where the cable product is laid. So that when carrying out any excavation work on suburban area do not damage the laid electric wire, it is better to lay the cable in steel or plastic pipe, the diameter of which should be two times larger than the diameter of the cable itself. steel pipe be sure to waterproof, for example, it is coated with bituminous mastic.

It is very important that melt or rain water does not get into the pipe, therefore, a branch is made near the power line pole, the end of which is sealed. The outlet should protrude above the ground by at least 5 cm. If the distance from the power transmission line support to the garage is 0.6-0.8 m, then it is not necessary to lay the cable in the pipe.

On the opposite side, the pipe and cable lead into the garage itself. To do this, you must first leave in the foundation of the building through hole. Usually a steel or plastic pipe is laid.

It should be noted that the underground method is a labor-intensive option, an armored cable is expensive, and an additional pipe has to be purchased. But, as practice shows, it is more durable than an air gasket.

Video description

The video shows how to lay the cable underground:

Internal wiring

The electrician in the garage, as in any other room or building, is carried out in two ways: hidden and open. The first is the installation of the cable in the strobes. The second - along the walls, but in special box-channels.

Hidden way

Installation of the cable begins with cutting it into pieces, the length of which is equal to the length of the loops, plus 10%. Then junction boxes are mounted. They are recessed into nests, where they are fixed with screws on plastic dowels or with gypsum mortar. Many use combined option, although two screws are enough.

The cable is laid in strobes, where it is fixed with plastic clamps and self-tapping screws. Previously, alabaster was used for fastening. Many masters also use it today. But it is better to use modern fasteners.

An important point is the connection of the electrical wiring between the loops. Gone are the twists protected by electrical tape, instead of them today they use terminal blocks different type. First of all, this is a high security connection, the tightness of the wires adjoining each other.

So, the internal electrical wiring in the garage is almost finished. It remains only to close the strobes plaster mortar, carry out the installation of sockets and switches with their connection to electrical wires.

Source giropark.ru

outdoor method

If the garage is a wooden or metal structure, then electrical wiring can only be done in an open way. This will require special devices- the so-called cable channels. These are two-meter-long boxes, consisting of two parts: a base (box) and a lid.

The base is fixed with self-tapping screws along the marked lines of the wiring diagram, pre-cutting them along the length of each section. Their final laying point is sockets and switches. Intermediate element - unpacking boxes. All elements, as well as cable channels, are attached to the walls with self-tapping screws. They are not recessed into the thickness of the walls, so for this method of installing electricians, external sockets, switches and junction boxes will be required.

Source woodinmetal.ru

As soon as all electrical wires are laid and connected to the end points, the cable channels are closed with covers. The latter are attached to the base with latches located along the entire length of the device. Firstly, cable channels do not spoil appearance garage walls. Secondly, it is always possible to easily remove the covers and check the condition of the electrical wiring. It is clear that it is also easier to repair or replace cables.

Video description

The video shows how to properly conduct electrical wiring in the garage using cable channels:

Switchboard installation

The situation when the garage is connected separately from the main house on suburban area, is rare. After all, it is necessary to install a separate switchboard in the garage, where the electricity meter is also mounted. The complexity of installing the shield and its connection is low. But all this equipment will have to be purchased, and this is an extra financial cost.

But if such a situation arose, then the shield itself is installed on the wall of the garage: either inside or outside. The second option is preferable, it is always possible to prevent inspectors from entering the garage. Fastening is carried out on self-tapping screws and plastic dowels. Installation height - 1.8 m. It is recommended to install a separate circuit breaker for each loop, and one common one for the input is mandatory.

Video description

The video shows how to properly install the switchboard in the garage:

Conclusion on the topic

As you can see, it will take a lot of effort and time to conduct electrical wiring in the garage. Do not take this event lightly. Electricity is no joke, even in something as small as a garage. Pay special attention to the area up to the outlet to which the welding machine or compressor will be connected. Both types of equipment are quite powerful, which means that they will have to select cable sections of great importance. It is better to pick up with a margin of at least 10%.

Lighting in the garage plays a very important role, especially if the garage is used not only for car storage, but also for regular Maintenance. The electrical circuit of the garage should not only provide comfortable conditions work with electrical appliances, the correct placement of lighting elements, but also be safe for the owner.

In this article, we will tell you how to draw up an electrical circuit correctly and describe the basic rules for placing important elements.

Principles for designing electrical circuits for garages

A simple garage wiring diagram provides for the outdoor location of all elements, such as cable, sockets, and fixtures (see). Many try to hide the cables by laying them in the walls in front of plaster or covering them with finishing materials.

But practice has shown that such a garage wiring diagram is not practical and the best option there will be surface wiring. To protect the wire in the most likely places of damage, plastic or metal corrugated tubes are used, and special plastic boxes are used for decorative concealment.

For your information. The electrical circuit of the garage should be laid in such a way as to provide quick access to all elements for their convenient replacement, since very often, with the active and versatile use of the garage, there is a need to transfer sockets or lighting elements to another place. open wiring eliminates the possibility of damage when drilling walls.

Step-by-step plan for building an electrical network

Compilation procedure electrical circuit for the garage looks like this:

First of all, it is necessary to draw a plan of the garage room and graphically indicate the location of the main switchboard, indicating the distance from the walls. Next, the wiring in the garage is distributed, the diagram of which should contain cable routing, installation locations for lighting fixtures.
The plan then indicates the exact location of the desktop and other fixed-based electrical appliances, such as lathe, welding machine, compressor and so on.
Then a diagram is made of each wall on which the outlet will be placed. The diagram shows the location electrical appliances, their height and the plan for supplying outlets to them.

The technology for creating electrical wiring in a garage differs from work in an apartment or a private house. However, it is not difficult to conduct electricity in the garage, but the help of a specialist may be required. The fact is that the supply of electricity from the pole to the shield must be carried out by a qualified electrician with a license to work with high voltage. Inside the garage, you can already cope with the task on your own.

Schema Design

Before the beginning installation work you should create a wiring diagram in the garage. It must necessarily mark the place where the cable enters the building, as well as the location of the electrical panel, lamps and sockets. . When drawing up a diagram, several requirements must be followed:

Here is an example of a wiring diagram in a garage, which it will not be very difficult to create with your own hands:

Selection and calculation of materials

After completing the design of the circuit, you can proceed to the selection necessary materials. First of all, you should decide on the amount of cable. Since it is necessary to carry out not only internal, but also external wiring (from the pole to the building), the conductors must be selected for each type of work.

To extend the external line, use a cable with copper current-carrying conductors, the cross section of which is at least 10 mm 2. It is not advisable to use a conductor with aluminum conductors. This is due not only to the need to use a conductor with a larger cross section compared to copper wire, but also due to the low elasticity of aluminum. In such a situation, the risks mechanical damage increase significantly.

To calculate the required amount of wire, you need to decide on all the electrical appliances that you plan to install in the garage. The total power of these devices should be multiplied by 1.2 to provide a power margin of 20%. To connect sockets, it is recommended to use conductors with a cross section of 4 mm 2, and 1.5 mm 2 will be enough for switches. It is also necessary to take the wire with a margin and in length. For each connection, it is recommended to increase the calculated length by 15 cm.

In the garage, most often it is enough to install 2 sockets and a switch. If there is no basement or viewing hole in the building, then you can limit yourself to one switch. Now many people pay attention to LED lights. They are more expensive than fluorescent, but are more economical. Most often in the garage, electrical wiring is performed open method, and in such a situation, the number of cable channels or corrugations should be additionally calculated.

Installation steps

All work can be divided into three stages. Each of them has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account when working independently.

Preparatory work

Preliminary work consists in preparing the walls and cutting the conductors. It should be remembered that the markings on the surface of the walls must be applied in accordance with the previously developed scheme. To solve the problem, it is easiest to use a special cord.

It is installed at the starting point and fastened. After that, the cord, in a taut state, is pulled along the wall to the next wiring point, pulled to the side and lowered with a sharp movement. As a result, an imprint remains on the surface of the wall. At this stage, it is important to pull the cord strictly vertically or horizontally in accordance with the diagram.

When the wiring will be done in a hidden way, then after marking it is necessary to make strobes for the wires. If the garage is metal, then it is worth choosing an open electrical wiring. It should be remembered that the dimensions of the grooves should be 20x20 mm.

External wiring

It is advisable to entrust these works to a specialist. The easiest way to run the cable from the pole to the garage is by air. However, it should be remembered that when the distance from the post on the street to the building is more than 25 m, then one more additional support will have to be installed. In addition, there are several height requirements for overhead wiring:

Above the carriageway - from 6 m.
Above the footpaths - more than 3.75 m.
Entering the building - at least 2.77 m.

If the first two requirements are met without problems, then this cannot be said about the last. The garage is a low building and there are a lot of problems when entering the cable through the roof. To avoid them, it is recommended to enter through metal pipe, slightly curved at the top.

You can also conduct electricity from the pole using underground wiring. There shouldn't be any difficulty here. just need to make a trench, into which the armored conductor is then placed. An example of such a cable can be a cable marked VBbShv. However, this input method should be considered at the stage of garage construction and a hole for cable entry should be provided in the foundation.

To protect the conductor from mechanical damage, it is better to place it in a steel box. The only drawback of the underground laying method in comparison with the air one is its higher cost.

Inner lining

If the wiring is done in a hidden way, then the wires are laid in pre-made strobes, after which they are fastened with brackets or clamps. The next step is to install junction boxes and installation of switches and sockets.

After that, it remains to connect all the wires and ring the finished wiring with a multimeter. It should also be recalled that wiring must be carried out exclusively with the help of pads. If after checking the wiring there were no problems, then the walls are plastered.

In an iron or wooden garage, wiring is easier to do in an open way. To do this, cable channels are installed on the walls, into which wires are laid. This method of wiring is extremely rarely used in residential areas, but is great for a garage.