Geotextile to retain moisture. The use of geotextiles in the country

20.06.2020

Modern world very demanding on the characteristics of materials. Everyone is trying to choose something better, innovative, reliable and natural. That is why manufacturers are increasingly moving away from synthetic products altogether, or offering excellent substitutes for natural substances. This applies to almost all spheres of life, ranging from household, everyday life, and ending with building products. One of these modern materials, which combined the properties of natural products and high technology, became geotextiles. Its main purpose is water filtration and soil separation. It is indispensable when working with any kind of soil, perfectly holds and strengthens slopes, and is also used in the construction of dams. The article will discuss the use of geotextiles.

Geotextiles are considered the best choice in cases where it is necessary to mount any hermetic underground structures and not worry that sharp stones can break through the protective layer. The product is used in the construction of buildings and houses, roads, landfills or other underground storage facilities, as well as a variety of other structures.

There are several types of geotextiles according to the method of manufacture. It is worth analyzing in more detail the classification of this material and its main properties.

Geotextile fabric, types and characteristics

It is customary to call geotextile a non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers that looks very much like fabric. It is produced in large rolls, and is made from polypropylene or polyester fibers, which are pressed to form a single structure. The product is distinguished by low cost, but at the same time, excellent performance and long service life.

The scope of the material is quite extensive, it is used in construction and in the furniture industry, in gardening and in the household. Geotextile fabric can be divided according to the scope of application.

Drainage geotextile- it is applied to the device of system of a drainage or to a winding of drainage pipes;

Furniture geotextile- it is used for interior upholstery of upholstered furniture and in the production of mattresses, as well as a protective layer when transporting furniture sets;
Garden geotextile- in this capacity it is used to create greenhouses, since it perfectly protects from frost, as well as from direct sunlight, in addition, very often they cover the ground around cultivated plants in order to reduce the number of weeds;
Construction geotextile- this variety is used for construction purposes, for waterproofing the foundation or basement of the house, paving slabs are laid on it, and are also used in the construction of roads;
Packaging geotextile- used as a packaging material for equipment, footwear, clothing and other substances and elements.

This classification does not give an idea of what geotextiles are made of. So, according to the method of manufacture modern manufacturers offer several basic types of geotextile material:

needle punched geotextile, which can be reinforced with geogrids or duplicated with a geomat;

thermally bonded geotextile;
woven geotextile.

In Russia, most construction companies, and even ordinary consumers, prefer to use thermally bonded geotextiles, while abroad they most often prefer to use needle-punched. This is due to the fact that the thermally bonded material, although it has high breaking loads, in fact, this characteristic does not guarantee long-term operation.

The thing is that such a canvas is not able to qualitatively filter water from soil containing clay or fine sand. Particles clog the structure of the product, and water does not pass inside, but erodes the upper layers of the soil. Needle-punched geotextiles have more elastic pores through which fluid passes freely, even if the material is used on clay soil.
This means that thermally bonded geotextiles can only be used in cases where the soil does not have fine particles, that is, as drainage system, as well as to strengthen the slopes. While needle-punched geotextile is a more versatile material, especially in cases of reinforcement with geogrids.
Also distinguish geotextiles made of polypropylene, which is the most durable, reliable and resistant to chemical attack. And made of polyester, which is considered not so resistant to chemicals.

And another type that deserves attention can be called mixed geotextile - it is produced with the addition of recycled materials (wool, cotton fiber, viscose), has a low cost, but, however, does not differ in great reliability. This is one of the most natural and environmentally friendly geotextile materials, which, unfortunately, quickly fails during operation, as natural fibers rot from contact with water.

Needle punched geomaterial

It can consist of both polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers, they are interconnected by a needle-punched method. That is, the canvas is obtained by pulling the fibers with serrated needles through the layers. special material. Thanks to this technology, the product perfectly passes liquids, but only along and across.
In Russia, a material such as Dornit is produced by a similar method. It is based on polypropylene. It is resistant to mechanical stress and heavy loads, does not deform during operation and has excellent strength. Most often used in road construction, landscaping and to strengthen slopes.

Thermally fixed geomaterial (non-woven geotextile)

Obtained by bonding fibers at high temperature. That is, the resulting fabric has increased strength, but is able to pass water in only one direction - transverse. As a result, it is not recommended to be used for drainage or in the road sector, but is optimally used for weed control and for laying paving slabs.

In Russia, geotextiles are produced by the TechnoNIKOL company. Material is made mechanically, and fastened with heat treatment. The company positions its products as reliable and durable and offers to use them to strengthen the foundation, in the construction of pipelines, roads, to improve drainage and as waterproofing.

Woven Geotextile

Otherwise, it is also called knitting-stitching, it also consists of polyester or propylene fibers, which in this embodiment are stitched with threads. This is the least resistant type of product, as there is a risk of material rupture. As a result, the canvas becomes unusable, as it ceases to cope with the main functions.

Advantages and characteristics of geotextiles

Geotextile material has many positive qualities:

universal in application;
decay resistant;
has high strength;

resistant to chemicals, both acids and alkalis;
has a long service life and increases the service life of construction objects;
suppresses the growth of weeds;
prevents the development of soil erosion;
has filtering properties;
accelerates the removal of water;
has a high resistance to tearing (capable of elongation up to 45%)
has high elasticity;
reinforces building structures;
does not decompose and refers to environmentally friendly materials);
has a low cost;
reduces the consumption of materials during the installation of structures;
easy to use and install.

When using geotextiles, the cost of maintaining structures is significantly reduced. Roads built on substrates such as peat, clay or other soils with high humidity may not survive even one season if they are not previously reinforced. The crushed stone used in construction, due to the use of a geotextile fabric, does not mix with weak bases and reliably keeps highways from destruction and deformation.

Geotextile materials are resistant to many external factors, including:

to punctures (you can not be afraid to lay the canvas even if there is a large accumulation of sharp stones);
to alkalis and acids (not affected by soils with any pH level);
to ultraviolet radiation (which is especially important in cases of roofing systems);
to bioorganisms (fungi, bacteria, etc.);
to ground water.

When purchasing a product, you should pay attention to such parameters as:

density;
compound;
operational period.

So, the most popular material is considered to be made entirely of polypropylene. The service life of geotextiles can reach 100 years; no other similar material can compete with such durability.

Geotextile laying

For the correct laying of the geotextile fabric, a certain sequence must be followed.

So, the first step will be the preparation of the foundation. That is, the surface is leveled, if necessary, the top layer of soil is removed by a few centimeters, and the opened soil is compacted. If it is impossible to achieve evenness of the existing layer, then it is recommended to fill in an even layer of sand and carefully compact it.

The next step will be the laying of the geomaterial on a flat and clean surface. The rolls are rolled out on the base with an overlap of at least 25-35 cm. Such a measure is necessary so that the material copes with its main task with high quality. If it is not possible to achieve ideal smoothness of the base, then the overlap is made from 40 cm or more.
Next, you need to qualitatively connect the canvas. For this, special brackets made of plastic or metal are used, you can also use the method cold welding. Staples require more time, so if quick installation is required, then it is better to use welding.
In order to qualitatively connect the material into a single sheet, the edges of the tape are heated with a special burner, and then a second sheet of geotextile is applied on top and the seam is pressed down for a short period. This is enough to securely fix the product.
The next step is covering the geotextile with soil of the thickness required for each specific case. The soil is compacted, but not with a heavy object. Further, the rest of the materials are laid or the corresponding structures are erected, according to the required technologies.

It is not difficult to lay geotextiles, it is important to choose the right material for a specific situation.

Geotextile assortment and prices

Geotextile "Geotex"

"Geotex 150" price from 214.87 rubles;
"Geotex 200" price from 19.35 rubles;
"Geotex 250" price from 223.31 rubles;
"Geotex 300" price from 227.97 rubles;
"Geotex 350" price from 32.63 rubles;
"Geotex 400" price from 37.29 rubles;
"Geotex 500" price from 46.61 rubles.

Geotextile "Kanvalan"

"Kanvalan 150" price from 22.42 rubles;
"Kanvalan 200" price from 29.90 rubles;
"Kanvalan 250" price from 37.38 rubles;
"Kanvalan 300" price from 44.85 rubles;
"Kanvalan 350" price from 52.32 rubles;
"Kanvalan 400" price from 59.80 rubles;
"Kanvalan 450" price from 67.27 rubles;
"Kanvalan 500" price from 74.75 rubles.

Geotextile "Avantex"

"Avtex 100" price from 12.50 rubles;
"Avtex 150" price from 14.70 rubles;
"Avtex 200" price from 20.25 rubles;
"Avtex 250" price from 23.30 rubles;
"Avtex 300" price from 27.95 rubles;
"Avantex 110" price from 10.80 rubles;
"Avantex 120" price from 11.80 rubles;
"Avantex 130" price from 12.75 rubles;
"Avantex 140" price from 13.75 rubles;
"Avantex 160" price from 14.90 rubles;
"Avantex 180" price from 16.80 rubles;
"Avantex 200" price from 18.65 rubles;
"Avantex 220" price from 20.50 rubles;
"Avantex 330" price from 30.75 rubles;
"Avantex 350" price from 32.60 rubles;
"Avantex 400" price from 37.25 rubles;
"Avantex 500" price from 46.55 rubles;
"Avantex 600" price from 55.90 rubles;
"EkoTeks 200" price from 18.12 rubles;
"EcoTeks 250" price from 22.23 rubles;
"EkoTeks 300" price from 26.33 rubles;
"EkoTeks 350" price from 31.08 rubles;
"EkoTeks 400" price from 34.92 rubles;
"EkoTeks 450" price from 39.51 rubles;
"EkoTeks 500" price from 43.60 rubles.

Geotextile "Geospan"

"Geospan TN 100" price from 2,207.75 rubles.

Geotextile "Technohaut"

"Technohout Geo 60" price from 700.00 rubles;
"Technohout Geo 100" price from 1,148.00 rubles;
"Technohout Geo 130" price from 1,484.00 rubles;

Geotextile Dornit

"Dornit 200" 3x100 m price from 19.30 rubles;
"Dornit 250" price from 21.00 rubles;
"Dornit 300" 3x50 m price from 28.05 rubles;
"Dornit 300" 6x50 m price from 28.40 rubles;
"Dornit 350" price from 33.60 rubles;
"Dornit 400" 6x50 m price from 37.45 rubles;
"Dornit 400" 3x50 m price from 37.70 rubles;
"Dornit 500" 6x50 m price from 46.50 rubles;
"Dornit 550" 3x50 m price from 49.50 rubles.

Before you buy geotextiles, you should remember that it can be different. Woven (obtained by weaving threads at a right angle), non-woven (obtained from polyester or propylene by needling and thermal bonding of threads) and even knitted (the so-called geoknitwear, made by loop weaving). The canvas has high strength and durability.

The material is used in many areas, especially where soil separation, reinforcement, filtration or as drainage is required. It is used in medicine, in road construction, in agriculture, in the construction of houses, in the manufacture of furniture and for the packaging of various substances.

The main properties include the fact that the product does not rot, does not change its qualities, even being in aggressive conditions, and is resistant to chemical reagents. The material perfectly passes water, but does not silt and is not clogged with particles of soil. Maintains reliability even at sub-zero temperatures (up to -60 degrees) and at high temperatures (up to +100 degrees). The geotextile is laid quite simply, and the strips can be fixed together either with the help of special brackets or by cold welding.

Russian manufacturers offer their own version of the material, which is called "Dornite". It is produced in rolls, the width of which is 150 cm and up to 5.3 m, and the length is from 50 m to 150 m. The density of the product varies and varies from 90 to 800 g / m2. Canvases can be used in many objects, in the construction of embankments, in landscape design, for drainage systems, in the construction of houses and roads. Exactly in terms of cost Russian material is the most beneficial for consumers.

Geotextile invented in the first half of the 20th century. It was first used in the USA and exclusively in construction. Later, the material began to be used in Europe. The USSR created its own version of this material. The universal properties of geotextiles allow it to be used both for construction and for arranging private households and summer cottages.

Geotextile is a synthetic material of woven and non-woven type. The nonwoven type material consists of fibers that do not have a structural weave. In a woven type geotextile, the fibers are intertwined, as in ordinary matter. Geotextile fibers are made from polypropylene or polyester. Depending on the manufacturing technology, cotton, wool or other components may be added to it. By adding these substances, properties change depending on the scope of use. Geotextiles are most often produced in rolls. Its types differ in various ways, the main of which is the composition of the fabric.

Depending on the material used in production, the properties of geotextiles may vary:

Geotextiles are either monofilament or a large number segments. Solid fiber products are more durable and more expensive.

Methods for fixing fibers in the web

This parameter is also important to consider when choosing a material, because the way the threads are fixed in the geofiber affects many parameters:

Woven - such a geotextile has a structure similar to ordinary matter. Woven geotextiles are either monofilament or woven from a large number of fiber segments.
Non-woven - it consists of threads that are not intertwined. The fibers in it are connected by pressing and heat treatment. Woven material is stronger. Non-woven has the ability to stretch significantly depending on the properties of the threads.
Knitted - in it the threads are intertwined with loops. The stretchability of knitted geotextiles is superior to the non-woven version of the material. The strength of this type depends on the density of knitting. At a density above 200 grams, the strength is not lower than the non-woven counterpart.
Geogrid - this type of geotextile consists of fibers intersecting at right angles and fastened by heat pressing. This species has a more rigid structure than the others.

The division according to the method of fixing the threads occurs due to the need to obtain a product with different characteristics of strength, extensibility and wear resistance. Each type of geomaterial is used in the area for which its properties are desirable. Non-woven geotextiles are further classified into three fiber types:

For the consumer, density is of primary importance. Density is a measure of the fiber of a geotextile, measured in grams per square meter. Geotextiles are produced with a density of 15 to 600 grams. The main strength characteristics and the scope of the material depend on the density. It determines many other characteristics of geotextiles:

Appointment and application of geotextiles

Depending on the characteristics of geotextiles, the scope of its application also differs:

The use of canvas in summer cottages

When conducting construction works in the summer cottage there is no need to use heavy-duty and expensive material. The most common material for work in a summer cottage is a material with a canvas with a density of 150–200. This material is suitable for use in drainage systems, it is laid in the construction of garden paths, it is suitable for landscaping.

When purchasing geotextiles of the selected density, it is important to take into account the characteristics of its dimensions - the width of the roll and the number of meters per roll. These indicators should be selected depending on the volume of planned work in order to minimize material waste.

Drainage construction material

In order to protect the territory from seasonal groundwater rise, preventing damage to the foundations of buildings, trees and shrubs, it is necessary to carry out work on the construction of a drainage system. The drainage system consists of drainage pipes laid in a layer of gravel and wells. To prevent silting of gravel, a geotextile is used.

After preparing the trenches for laying drainage pipes, the bottom of the trenches is covered with a small amount of gravel with a layer of 10–15 cm, after which a strip of geotextile is placed in the trench, which ensures that the bottom of the trench and its walls are closed, while leaving free edges on the surface. Placed in the formed bed drainage pipes in a gravel layer 25–30 cm thick. After that, it is covered from above with the free edges of the geotextile. The entire structure is covered with soil.

In this case, the geotextile ensures the durability of the entire system and trouble-free operation. When choosing a geotextile for drainage, the filtration coefficient is of primary importance. The most suitable for drainage work will be a canvas of 150-200 grams of density.

Geofabric for garden paths

The use of geotextile under garden paths from gravel, wood chips and sawdust will prevent mixing of the material of the garden path with the ground and ensure the removal of water. In addition, the geotextile layer will prevent weeds from growing through the garden path material. The geotextile must be laid on the ground correctly, since the fiber can have a different filtration coefficient from the front and reverse side. Laying the wrong side can achieve the opposite effect.

Horticulture and weed protection

On the household plots and dachas, geotextile material of low density from 17 to 100 grams is widely used. This fabric is also called agrofibre. Agrofibre comes in two colors: black and white.

Black agrofibre is usually used for laying on beds in order to protect against weeds. It provides heating of the earth, passes all the moisture that falls on it. At the same time, such a fiber does not transmit light. Lack of sunlight prevents weeds from growing. Thus, it is black geotextiles from weeds that are used. For grown plants, special holes are made in it.

Agrofibre white color used for greenhouses and greenhouses. Unlike film material, it provides moisture penetration to plants and air circulation.

When using geofiber, its density affects the ability to protect plants and the ground from overheating and hypothermia. A material with a density of 17 grams will protect plants during frosts down to -3 degrees, and a canvas with a density of 40–60 can protect plants from frosts down to -10 degrees. The choice of geotextile depends on the options for its use.

Estimate

It stands alone. Just a dozen or two years ago, among the owners of private houses, many did not even know about the existence of such material, and yet it would help solve a lot of pressing problems that arise during the construction and arrangement of the site.

And even today, it must be admitted, some inexperienced developers completely in vain ignore this specific material, perhaps simply because of the lack of information about its remarkable properties. We will try, as far as possible, to compensate for this gap with the publication offered to the attention of readers - “Geotextile, what is it and how is it used”.

What is geotextile?

It is customary to call geotextile a material made from synthetic polyester or polypropylene fibers, woven or non-woven method. High-quality geotextiles are characterized by high performance and a fairly long service life. The material goes on sale in rolls of different widths, which can vary from 2000 to 5500 mm, from 10 to 150 meters long, and can have different thicknesses and densities.

Geotextiles are produced in different versions, which differ from each other in their operational and physical and technical characteristics. But some qualities are characteristic of all varieties of such products:

The materials have a sufficiently high elasticity.
Geotextiles contribute to the uniform distribution of the load from bulk materials.
Cloths are resistant to chemical oxidative processes.
The material perfectly prevents the germination of weeds through the main cover.
Properly laid geotextiles contribute to timely drainage, cope well with the filter function.
The materials have excellent reinforcing properties.
Such products are not susceptible to destruction under the influence of insects or rodents.
Geotextiles are affordable and easy to use.

Varieties of geotextiles

Geotextiles are divided into varieties according to several criteria - this is the material and method of manufacture, and areas of application. Therefore, each of them will be considered further.

geotextile material

Geotextiles are made up of the finest synthetic fibers made from different materials which can be combined in various proportions. Depending on the dominance of one or another component in the composition of the geotextile, it is divided into the following types:

Polypropylene Geotextile has increased resistance to various external influences and excellent filtering qualities, as well as good strength.
Polyester geotextile predominantly consists of the finest polyester (polyester) fibers. The material is resistant to chemical influences, environmentally friendly, strong enough and elastic.
Multicomponent (mixed) geotextile. This type of material includes various components made from recycled materials - it can be waste from woolen, cotton and viscose production. Mixed varieties of canvases have a more affordable price, unlike the first two options, however, they are inferior to them in strength and durability, and are not so reliable. This is due to the fact that the substances that make up this type of geotextile are natural, therefore they gradually decompose and collapse under the influence of external natural factors.

Method for making fabrics

These unique canvases, at first glance, resemble ordinary classic fabric, however, as mentioned above, it can be made different ways. So, on sale you can find non-woven (thermo-bonded and needle-punched) geotextiles, as well as woven and knitted material.

Woven geotextile or geofabric it is produced in the same way as ordinary fabric, that is, by means of a simple or complex, but necessarily “organized” weaving of threads according to some pattern.

For the manufacture of this material, polyester and glass fibers are used. Additionally, finished fabrics are impregnated with reinforcing compounds and passed through special calenders, where the threads are partially melted, due to which the surface of the material becomes denser. Woven fabrics are used to separate layers when creating paths, reinforcing structures and distributing the load on the base.

Non Woven Needle Punched Geotextile It is made of polyester or polypropylene fibers, which are connected by a needle-punched method.

This method of manufacturing the material includes several stages, the first of which is the formation of a loose layer of fibers of various lengths. Initially, such a layer outwardly resembles ordinary cotton wool, the mass of which must be evenly distributed on the surface, otherwise the canvas will have a different thickness. Further, the raw materials laid out in this way begin to felt, that is, they are compacted with the help of needles having special notches. Needles, passing through a layer of fibers, intertwine them, fastening them together. This production technology makes it possible to obtain a geofabric that perfectly passes moisture.

In Russia, the most famous domestic manufacturer of this material is Dornit, which supplies material with the same name to the domestic market. This type of geotextile is resistant to mechanical stress and high loads, it has good strength and does not deform during operation.

Needle-punched geotextiles can be reinforced with geogrids, which increase their strength and increase durability.

Prices for geotextiles

geotextile

Needle-punched materials also include geotextiles, which are called building.

Non-woven heat-set geomaterial It is also made from polypropylene or polyester, but only by heat treatment technology. The material has a homogeneous structural structure, has good filtering ability and tensile strength. The canvases are resistant to chemical influences and moisture, so the geotextile does not rot and mold does not start on it.

Thermally bonded geofabric is made from molten granules of raw materials by extrusion, and then microscopic fibers are applied to its surface. Then the webs are exposed to high temperatures, from which the threads melt and sinter together. Thanks to this process, this type of geotextile acquires increased mechanical strength, which distinguishes it from other nonwoven materials. The material is used to separate bulk layers, has excellent elasticity, and therefore is able to withstand high loads. This type of geotextile in Russia is produced by the well-known company TechnoNIKOL - its products are intended for use in various areas of construction.

Knitted geofabric with firmware. This version of the canvas is made from the same materials as the products described above, but in this case the main fibers are stitched with a strong thread.

Cloths of such geotextiles perfectly pass moisture, but are not too resistant to mechanical stress. However, they also have a worthy use.

It can be additionally noted that the geofabric made from polyester fibers is less resistant to chemical attack than the polypropylene version of the cloths. Therefore, when choosing a material, it is necessary to take into account the scope of its application.

On sale you can find geotextiles made in two versions - with and without reinforcing impregnation. As impregnations, substances such as polymer resins with plasticizers, latex and special components are used, which are necessary for some areas where geofabric is used. The impregnated material, in fact, turns into a flexible composite roll plastic reinforced with synthetic fiber.

Applications and functionality of geotextiles

Geotextiles are used for various needs and in different areas of life of the owners of suburban housing, as its functionality allows both to improve the quality of buildings and structures, and to increase garden and garden yields.

General features of geotextiles

So, this material has the following functionality:

Reinforcement. Geotextiles contribute to the strengthening and strengthening of building structures, increasing the bearing capacity of their foundations. The result of the use of this material is a uniform distribution of loads on the main and bulk soil, its preservation from subsidence and erosion.
Protective abilities. The layers created from geotextiles prevent undesirable soil interactions, do not allow mechanical damage waterproofing materials, completely eliminate or at least slow down erosive processes. In addition, the canvases are able to protect the beds from weeds, which significantly increases the yield of cultivated plants.
drainage possibilities. Geotextiles tend to divert water in a certain direction in a timely manner and do not allow layers of bulk building materials protected by canvases to silt up.
Filtration. Cloths used in drainage systems prevent contamination of channels made of perforated pipes. In addition, the material prevents the washing out of the soil located next to the drainage channels, which eliminates subsidence of structures.

The areas of application of geotextiles are very diverse, as it helps to preserve the main materials of a building or coating and increase their trouble-free operation.

So, the canvases of this universal material are used in construction and repair:

Railway and tram tracks.
Modern freeways, rural and urban roads.
Sports facilities and car parks.
Runways at airports.
Support walls.
drainage systems.
When strengthening inclined surfaces on hilly terrain, as well as river and sea coasts.
As a covering material for garden beds and flower beds to prevent the growth of weeds.
When arranging and sites in summer cottages.

Depending on the area in which this material will be applied, its density is also selected, since the functionality of the material and the duration of operation of both the canvases themselves and the coating under which they are laid depend on this characteristic. Density must be indicated in the marking of geotextiles.

Application in road construction

Nowadays, conscientious construction companies build roads and repair them using modern technologies and materials. Geotextiles can be safely attributed to one of them, since it is actively used to create a foundation for a future route. The material makes the base stronger, more durable and resistant to external influences, which allows you to operate roads for a longer period without resorting to repair work.

In the construction of parking lots and access roads to them, as well as permanently operated roads, geotextiles not only increase bearing capacity roadway, but also stabilizes the loads that fall on it.
During the construction of modern highways, geofabric provides stabilization of road layers, almost completely eliminates ground subsidence or shifts, and evenly distributes vertical loads.
At repair work and expansion roadbeds geotextile promotes binding of the old and newly applied coating, eliminates the appearance of subsidence of the surface and the occurrence of cracks.

In addition, during all types of road works, geofabric panels are used to equip drainage and filter systems, as well as to strengthen roadside embankments.

The use of geotextiles can be called especially necessary if the road is laid on terrain with unstable or waterlogged soils, since without such a reinforcing layer, the road surface can begin to actively collapse after the first test with winter frosts and snow.

road surface will be reliable, since the load-bearing layer of crushed stone will be separated by a canvas from the weak layers of the embankment, and will not mix with them. Thanks to this, the top surface of the road will not be weakened, which will help to avoid its deformation and destruction.

For different types of roads, geotextiles with different densities are used:

For the construction of roads that are rarely used or intended only for the passage of cars, a material with a density of 250 g / m² is used.
For the construction of actively used routes for cars and trucks, geotextiles with a density of at least 300 g/m² are used.
When constructing heavily loaded highways, runways at airports, as well as for arranging the bottom of artificial reservoirs, a geofabric with a density of 350 g/m² is used.
Material with a density of 400÷450 g/m² and above is used to reinforce runways for large heavy aircraft, reinforce various embankments and heavily loaded highways.

The use of geotextiles in the drainage system

In the drainage system, geofabric is used as a filter material, which wraps perforated pipe lines laid in trenches, most often filled with crushed stone or coarse gravel.

Geotextile, in this case, prevents the drainage layer from silting up, as it separates it from the trench soil.

For the drainage system, you need to choose a material with the following characteristics:

The density of the geotextile should be 150÷200 g/m².
The canvas must be made by needle punching.
The filtration coefficient should be 130 m / day (at a water pressure of 2 kPa).
Tensile strength 400÷500 kN/m².

If white geotextiles are purchased for the formation of paths, then it is best to choose a material with a high density - 250 ÷ 300 g / m², and a thickness of 3 mm - such material will perfectly protect the path from subsidence and weeds, and besides this, it will also provide good drainage.

In the same way, parking lots and other sites are arranged in areas where it is planned to line them with one of

artificial reservoirs

Recently, more and more often, in summer cottages, their owners are equipping artificial reservoirs - it can be a pool, a fountain, etc. Geotextiles are also used to equip their bottom. It is laid to protect the waterproofing membrane from mechanical damage. So, at the bottom and walls of the excavated pit, geotextiles are first covered, then waterproofing material, and on top of it - another layer of geotextiles. Further, it is already possible to lay stones or backfill sand.

These diagrams show the use of geotextiles in the construction of hydraulic structures:

Creation of an artificial reservoir with laying stone on its walls.
Strengthening the shoreline of a stream or canal.
Arrangement of an artificial reservoir with a sandy bottom.

If a country cottage area one of the sides goes to the bank of a river or stream, then it is recommended to protect the coastline from shedding. Strengthening is also carried out using geotextiles.

For the arrangement of hydraulic structures, it is recommended to use grade 300 material, that is, having a density of 300 g / m².

Arrangement of garden beds

Geotextiles are also used in the cultivation of various plants. So, it is widely used for the following purposes:

To preserve the fertile soil layer. Each of the plants requires its own dressings and fertilizers, so many gardeners equip for them high beds, or fill a certain limited area with fertile soil. So that such a fertile backfill retains its qualities for as long as possible and does not mix with the usual garden soil, they are separated by a layer of geotextile.

The illustration below shows the use of geotextiles in order to preserve the fertilized fertile soil around the plants in the beds.

To arrange such a bed, it is necessary to mark its location on the site. Then remove the top layer of soil, after which the resulting pit is covered with geotextile, which should cover the bottom and walls of the recess. A backfill of a fertile layer is made on top of the canvas, which will be securely fixed in one place and will not mix with ordinary soil.

To protect beds from weeds the most commonly used geotextiles are dark in color. They are covered with loosened beds, then holes are cut in the canvas, through which seeds or bushes of cultivated plants are planted. Thanks to this flooring, weeds will not interfere with the growth of plants, and the harvest will delight the gardener.
To prevent washing out of the fertile layer. If the site has a hilly terrain, then the beds located on the slopes are recommended to be strengthened with geofabric so that the fertile layer is not washed away by rain and melt flows. For this purpose, the slopes are covered with sheets of geofabric, in which windows are cut for planting.
To protect trees or bushes from frost. Some cultivated plants fear severe frosts, therefore, zealous owners cover them for the winter period with the same geotextiles.
To retain moisture in the soil. The material laid on the beds well passes water from rain or irrigation, but does not allow it to evaporate quickly, so the soil under the geotextile remains wet for a longer period. This quality allows you to save money and time on watering, as it can be done much less frequently. Well, the upper fertile layer is reliably protected from drying out in direct sunlight.

For use in the garden, geotextiles with a density of 150 g / m² are most often used.

In addition to these areas of application, special types of geotextiles are used in the manufacture of furniture, in tailoring, as well as for the packaging of various products. But their consideration is not within the scope of our portal.

Geotextiles on the Russian market

On the construction market in Russia, both woven and knitted, and non-woven (needle-punched and heat-treated) products made of polypropylene and other materials, made by both domestic and foreign manufacturers, are presented.

Domestic materials are represented by the following brands:

Dornit is the most famous Russian-made geotextile that can be found on the domestic market. The company produces all kinds of material with different characteristics, but all of them have high mechanical strength and chemical resistance.

"Geotex"- this geotextile, in addition to the above mentioned advantages, has an increased resistance to ultraviolet radiation, as it incorporates a special UV impregnation. In addition, the material is resistant to strong and sudden changes in temperature. Therefore, it is excellent for open applications.
"GronT"- this material can be called an analogue of "Dornite", since it has all the qualities inherent in it. However, unlike it, "GronT" is made from staple fibers, which significantly improves its filtering capabilities, so the material is well suited for arranging beds.
"Polyzone". This geotextile has suitable characteristics for the construction of roads and flooring for country paths and playgrounds, as it perfectly separates different types of soil and prevents the germination of weeds.
"Stabitex". Such geotextiles are also represented by woven varieties made of polypropylene and having excellent reinforcing abilities, as they are very tear-resistant. In addition to woven fabric, this manufacturer also produces needle-punched and thermally bonded products made from polyester fibers.

Geopol is also an analogue of "Dornita", but differs from it, as well as from the canvases of other brands in increased surface density.
"Geospan"- such material is produced in two types, differing in technical characteristics. These are "Geospan TN" - a woven polypropylene geotextile designed for soil reinforcement, and "Geospan TS" - a needle-punched thermally bonded material made of polypropylene or polyester, which is highly resistant to chemical and ultraviolet exposure and also to low temperatures.

Prices for geotextiles "Geopol"

geotextile terram

We can also mention the products of some foreign companies that are popular in the domestic market:

"Taipar" - US-made geotextile with high filtering ability. It is a non-woven needle-punched thermobonded material made from polypropylene fibers.
Secutex It is produced in woven and non-woven versions, has excellent strength characteristics and is therefore suitable for reinforcing and protecting soil layers. The country of origin of this material is Germany.
Terram- non-woven geotextile, made in England, using thermobonded and needle-punched technology from a composite material consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene. These products are durable and resistant to low temperatures, therefore they are suitable for reinforcing surfaces and warming beds.
"Geouteks"– woven polypropylene geotextile, which has undergone a calendering process, is produced in black. Products are durable and have a low coefficient of stretching. Designed to strengthen slopes and protect surfaces from weeds. Country of origin - Czech Republic.
"Aquaspan" is a thermo- and hydro-bonded non-woven geotextile made of polypropylene. The composition of the material includes antiseptic, antistatic, hydrophobic and flame retardant additives, thanks to which the products are suitable for use in various areas of construction and gardening. This material is produced in Belarus.
"SpanBel" t - non-woven thermally bonded, aerodynamically shaped fabrics produced with various additional coatings, such as latex, polyethylene or polypropylene, applied using lamination technology. The manufacturer of this product is Belarus.

It should be noted that many imported products practically do not differ in their technical specifications and quality from domestic analogues but the price is much higher. Therefore, when purchasing geotextiles, it is worth studying in detail the physical, technical and performance characteristics presented by the manufacturer, so as not to overpay only for a promoted brand.

If the geotextile is properly selected for its application in a certain area, following the recommendations regarding its density and filtration capacity, it will last for many years without losing its qualities.

And to understand the importance of choosing the right geotextile for a specific application, watch the video below:

Video: Comparison of the qualities of geotextiles with different densities after a year of operation

Geotextile is a kind of technical fabric that is widely used in agriculture, construction, medicine and other industries. Initially, this material was used in road construction. Now geotextiles are used in the construction of drainage and anti-erosion structures. The material received high popularity in landscape works. For example, geofabric is often used for garden paths.

Geotextile is called a canvas, which is made from various synthetic fibers. This material passes liquid well, and at the same time retains even the smallest particles of soil.

Geofabric is resistant to both frost and heat. The temperature range at which the material retains its qualities varies from -60 to +110 degrees Celsius. Also, this material has high strength, it is able to withstand a tensile force of up to 600 N. Geotextiles are environmentally friendly and do not undergo organic decomposition. Due to these properties, people often use geotextiles for the garden.

Varieties of geotextiles

According to the method of manufacture, this material is usually divided into:

non-woven;
knitted;
woven.

The first type, in turn, has its own varieties. nonwoven fabric geotextiles are distinguished as simple, thermoset or thermally bonded.

Non Woven Geotextile

A simple geotextile consists of It is made using harpoon needles that entangle the raw material and thereby create a felt. Such material is able to stretch. And therefore it is more reasonable to use a similar geofabric for garden paths.

Heat-set (in other words, calendered) geotextiles are also made by needling. But at the same time, it also receives hardening, which is achieved by rolling the rollers and blowing with warm air. This fabric is the thinnest. But this property does not reduce its strength. The only drawback is that when heated, calendered geotextiles pass water less.

In the manufacture of non-woven, the method of melting the raw mass is used. His canvases have high filtration properties and strength.

Knitted geotextile

Its method of manufacture is reflected in the name. The loop weaving method is used. The main advantage lies in the prices for knitted geofabric, the price of which is much lower than others. And the downside is that knitted geotextiles have a low breaking threshold. The material has a thickness of about one to three millimeters. Its length varies from 100 to 350 meters, and thickness - from 1.5 to 6 meters. The web density can reach 600 g/m 2 . The last criterion determines the scope of this material.

Woven geofabric

Woven geotextiles are made up of fibers that are tightly bonded to each other. This manufacturing method significantly increases its strength. Based on the nature of the material from which the threads are made, the properties of the woven fabric change.

Woven geotextiles are widely used in the implementation of landscape projects. Most often, geotextiles are used for beds and for organizing drainage and embankment.

Advantages of geotextile

Geotextiles have many advantages, in addition to those described for the above types. According to the reviews of summer residents, his positive sides are as follows:

This material is safe to use because it does not emit any harmful substances.
Geotextiles do not rot and do not disintegrate in a living environment.
It has high strength, which allows the use of the material as a base for various purposes. Geotextiles are used in the country, as well as for medical purposes.
Ease of installation.
Geotextiles are sold in rolls and can be easily cut with ordinary scissors when used.
Affordable geofabric price (average cost - from 15 to 22 rubles per square meter).

The use of geotextile in the planning of the garden landscape

A material that can be safely used both in road construction and in landscape planning of a garden plot is geotextile. The use of geofabric in the country has become commonplace. With it, you can solve many problems that designers and gardeners have when planning the landscape and buildings for the garden.

Geotextiles can be used to insulate the foundation and concrete floors. It protects structures well from moisture ingress. Syntactic fibers will also be able to save the lower parts of buildings from the roots of trees, which act destructively on them. It is customary to use geofabric in order to contain moving soils, and in order to create the desired slope of the site.

It is an indispensable material when creating paths and lawns. When using geotextile fabric, the granite path will not be washed away by rainwater, and it will not be able to mix with the ground. Geotextiles perfectly help against weeds when building a site with lawn grass. Geofabric can be laid as a base under paving slabs. This material has proven itself in agriculture, so it is great for arranging a garden, lawns.

Geotextiles: application in the country when arranging artificial reservoirs

The use of geotextile for growing garden trees and crops

This is the most common area of use for a material such as geotextiles. Application in the country can greatly facilitate the life of a gardener, because with the help of a geotextile you can grow seedlings, isolate the root system of garden plants, separate beds and flower beds, and much more. Geotextiles in the country are an indispensable assistant.

Geotextiles for beds began to be used in order to protect garden plants from weeds. If the bottom of the bed is covered with a layer of linen, the result is an excellent warming effect and excellent weed protection.

Pits for planting garden trees and shrubs can also be covered with geotextile, which will help to solve the problem of root growth and protect them from pests.

Shelter of garden trees for the winter period can also be done using geotextile sheets, which have shown themselves well as a heater.

Summer residents use geotextiles when arranging their plots. Application in the country can be varied, for example, in order to retain moisture in the roots of trees and shrubs. To create such an effect, you need to cover the soil with a cloth and make small holes in it, into which the shoots of garden crops are planted. In addition, it also solves the problem of weed control.

The main assistant to the gardener - geotextiles

You can talk about the properties of this material for a very long time. But practice has already proven that the material that every person needs to have in the country and in the garden is geofabric, the price of which will also pleasantly surprise you, because despite their excellent properties, geofabric canvases are available. Simplicity in working with the material will only complement the pleasant impressions about it. After all, its use does not require special skills in construction and does not require special equipment.

Gardeners and summer residents constantly use industry innovations to decorate and facilitate work on the garden plot. Among the many progressive materials, the most popular today is the use of geotextiles in horticulture. We will find out together how the functions and possibilities of this fabric allow it to be used in furnishing a country house or a garden plot.

Types and properties of geotextile fabric

Geotextile is a synthetic material used in construction, industry and horticulture to work with soil. There are three main types of geotextile fabric:

Needle punched geotextile. It is made from polyester fibers by needle punching through the base of the fabric. Such material passes moisture well, but has average strength characteristics. Used in horticulture and gardening.
Thermally bonded geotextile. This type is attached thermally, therefore, it has less moisture transmission capacity, but it has high strength. Widely applicable in construction and land works.
Knitting-stitched geotextile. The fibers are held together with threads by a binding method. Such geotextiles are very durable, but if the fastening thread is damaged, the entire fabric may unravel. It is used in the economy and construction only in Russia.

The popularity of geotextile is growing due to its versatile properties and capabilities:

High strength and resistance to external influences. The geofiber does not rot, does not collapse from time to time and does not attract the attention of rodents and other pests. Thermally bonded geotextile, as the most durable, is used to isolate, reinforce and preserve soil layers.
Ecological harmlessness. When wet, heated or supercooled and exposed to UV radiation, geotextiles do not emit chemical harmful gases or substances, do not decompose into harmful ones. environment Components.
Water and breathability. Geotextile is a breathable permeable material, so it is good for horticulture applications as drainage, root and weed control, and site separation.
Ease of use and economy. Geotextiles are affordable for any average family. This material is sold in convenient rolls, it is easy to cut and evenly fit.

The high functionality of the geotextile fiber makes it possible to use it in different areas economy. Gardeners use agrofibre to build beds, flower beds, makeshift ponds and fountains.

Geotextiles are popular for use in the installation of paving slabs. A geotextile fabric is laid out on a layer of crushed stone, and a layer of sand is poured on top. This prevents mixing of materials and significantly saves their consumption. The tile lays down easily and evenly, without changing position over time

When planning a garden with the help of geotextiles, you can solve the problems of the growth of tree roots, the washing out of the fertile soil layer and the growth of weeds in the beds.

Geotextiles are effectively used for decorating the design of the yard, separating architectural structures, recreation areas, strengthening mobile soil covers and concrete floors.

Options for the use of geotextiles in the country

Option #1 - garden landscape planning

The use of agrofibre allows you to solve many problems that occur when planning a landscape and garden buildings:

This material can reliably isolate the foundation and concrete floors from the ingress of excess moisture and the destructive action of tree roots.
Geofabric is widely used to contain moving soils and create the desired landscape of sloping areas.
Geotextiles are irreplaceable when creating garden paths and lawns. A granite path cannot be washed away by rain, and it will not mix with the ground if a geotextile sheet is laid on the bottom layer. Geofiber is also often used in lawn planning to keep weeds out and make lawn grass maintenance easier.
You can also save materials when laying paving slabs using geotextiles. To do this, lay agrofiber on a flat gravel base, and then fill in a small layer of sand (5-10 cm). Now you can safely lay the tiled pattern.

To lay heavy paving stones between the lower layers of sand and a special mixture, it is necessary to lay dense agrotextile. So mixing sand with other materials will be excluded, and she work will pass easier and faster

Option # 2 - arrangement of artificial reservoirs

For arrangement, home ponds and pools, it is very beneficial to use agrofibre. The bowl of pools and fountains is covered with geotextiles over insulating materials. Such a surface holds decorative stones and equipment for ponds well. Geotextiles are also laid out under the stone steps of waterfalls to provide more reliable insulation.

Geotextiles are useful for creating a small pond in the garden with steps along which water jets will flow. The bottom and steps are lined with dense geotextile and fixed with stones

It is beneficial to cover the areas around the reservoirs with a layer of agrofiber so that weeds and roots do not harm the equipment and the pool bowl.

Drainage or plumbing systems on the site are arranged using geofiber. Fabric is laid out in the trench, crushed stone is poured, pipes are mounted and wrapped around with geotextiles along with crushed stone

Option #3 - growing fruit trees and horticultural crops

And the most common use of agrofibre today is in horticulture. Growing seedlings, organizing fertile beds and flower beds, isolating the root system, dividing plantings and much more without the use of geotextile fabric is not complete:

If you cover the bottom of the bed or flower bed with agrofibre, you will provide protection from weeds, good drainage and a warming effect for plants;
Pit for fruit trees and shrubs can also be laid out with geofabric, which will help solve the problem of root growth and protect plants from pests;
You can cover plantings and heat-loving trees for the winter with a layer of geotextile. This will reliably insulate the beds and provide the necessary microclimate for plants in winter;
Geotextiles can also be used to preserve moisture in the roots of fruit bushes of currants, strawberries, vegetables, melons. To do this, the soil is covered with agrofibre, in which small cuts are made. Garden crops are planted in them. The problem of weeds is also successfully solved.

How to lay geotextiles in the country

In construction, before working with geotextile fiber, the soil is carefully leveled and covered with a layer of sand and gravel. For garden work, a clear alignment and planning of the base is not required, but some points must still be taken into account.

To effectively tile garden paths, a geofabric is lined on the bottom layer of rubble. Sand or a dry mixture of tile adhesive is poured on top. Now you can easily and evenly lay out the sidewalks of your garden

Method # 1 - laying geofiber for beds and flower beds

To form beds and flower beds, a layer of earth is removed by 30-50 cm. The bottom of the future flower bed or vegetable garden is covered with sand by 5-10 cm and laid out with agrofibre so that its edges cover the entire ditch, reaching the surface layer of the earth. Then the remaining layers of the beds are laid: drainage (if necessary) and black earth.

Agrofibre will help to significantly increase the yield of garden strawberries. It is necessary to cut small holes in it and lay the material on the prepared soil. Fruit bushes are planted in the holes. The earth and roots retain moisture in this way, and weeds cease to disturb plantings and owners.

Method # 2 - installation of geotextiles for summer cottages

A layer of gravel and sand is poured into the prepared pit for a bowl or pool. High-quality waterproofing material is laid out and geotextile fiber on top.

The creation of reservoirs in the garden is also not complete without geotextile fabric. So, you can create a real mountain stream with a bottom of decorative stone, if you lay a layer of geotextile on the waterproofing, and cover it with beautiful stones on top

Now you can decorate the bottom of the pool with granite or pebbles. A ready-made capital pool can also be lined with geofiber if you want to decorate the bottom with stone or glass boulders, pebbles, granite or multi-colored stones.

Geotextiles are an inexpensive, innovative material that will help create a unique design and impeccable landscape for your garden. Affordable price and ease of working with agrofibre makes it especially attractive for gardeners who do not have construction skills and special equipment. Working with geotextile fabric in the garden is a new opportunity for a modern gardener.