46. Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely unity of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good breeding. All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), observing the rules established by the Military Regulations of the Armed Forces Russian Federation. Subordinates (younger in military rank) greet the first bosses (senior military rank), and in an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered is the first to greet.

3. Military greeting. Chapter. Servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (AF of Russia) and the relationship between them. internal order. "Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" (UVS of the Armed Forces of Russia)

Military salute formerly called salute, saluting.

The rules of military greeting, in the Russian Armed Forces, are also obligatory for citizens dismissed from military service when they wear military uniforms.

Version of the magazine "Around the World"

Military salute in different countries

In Western countries

In Western countries (which included the Russian Empire) salute was not and is not mutual military salute like a handshake, but is a symbolic gesture of respect. Actually salute(honors) or "hand salute"- this is a kind of other salutes like artillery or rifle salute.

Wherein saluting is not produced by humans. In republican countries (for example, in the USA) saluting as a rule, it is produced in a uniform military uniform - one of the most important state symbols, second only to the state flag in value - and is a gesture of mutual recognition and belonging to the same corporation, a symbol of mutual respect, therefore salute allowed only in uniform and only to a person in uniform.

giving away military honor soldier (Cossack): - If the soldier meets with the chief, who is supposed to salute, then he must, 4 steps before the boss, put his right hand to right side the lower edge of the hat or cap so that the fingers are together, the palm is slightly turned outward, and the elbow is at shoulder height; while looking at the boss and following him with your eyes. When the boss passes him a step, then lower his hand.

When meeting with a boss who is supposed to salute standing in front, he, not reaching four steps to the boss, takes the last step with the foot to which side he should turn (that is, if you need to turn to the right, then with the right foot, and if to the left, then with the left) and another full step or several less than the other leg, during the removal of which you should turn your shoulders and body in front and then, simultaneously with putting your foot on, raise your right hand to the headdress, turning your head to the side of the boss. saluting, you should stand according to the rules of the "rack". When the boss passes him by a step, he turns in the direction he was going and, putting his left foot behind, starts moving with his left foot, lowering his right hand with the first step.
The lower ranks salute, standing in front: the Sovereign Emperor, the Sovereign Empress and all Persons of the Imperial family, all generals, admirals, the head of the garrison, their: - regimental, squadron and hundred commanders, their staff officers, as well as banners and standards.
Not standing in front, but putting only a hand to the headdress,
salute: - all headquarters and chief officers; military doctors; class officials of his regiment; reserve and retired generals, headquarters and chief officers, when they are in uniform; sub-ensigns, estandard junkers and sub-corpsmen; palace grenadiers; to all sergeants, sergeants and those commanding lower ranks to whom they are subordinate; and privates, in addition, to all non-commissioned officers, non-combatants of their senior rank and all privates with the Badge of Distinction of the military order.
If the lower rank comes with a gun or a naked saber, then for salutations he does not stand in front, but takes only four steps before the chief on his shoulder, turning his head towards him and seeing him off with his eyes; then, when the boss passes him a step, he takes a gun or a saber "at ease".
The lower rank, having some kind of burden, salutes according to the same rules; if the burden is great and both hands are occupied with it, then honor is given, following the chief with his eyes.
If a soldier stands still and the chief passes by him, then the soldier, saluting, should turn to face the boss; if the chief stands still, and the soldier passes by, then the soldier salutes not stopping, but putting only a hand to the headdress. If the lower rank sees that the boss is overtaking him, then he salutes according to the same rules, becoming, who should, to the front.
Honor is given and in the presence of a superior. If the chief, who was placed in the front, gives a sign with his hand or says to saluting continued to walk, then he turns and walks, without dropping his hands, until he passes the chief.
Soldiers must not remove their headgear for greetings whoever it was.
If the lower rank rides on a muffled (in the Cossacks on a bridled) horse, then for salutations does not stop in front, but takes proper fit, puts his right hand to the headdress and, turning his head to the boss, follows him with his eyes; and if with a pike, then he takes it “in hand”.
If the lower rank rides on a bridled horse (that is, reins in both hands), then for salutations he does not put his right hand to the headdress, but only turns his head to the boss and follows him with his eyes. He does the same if he drives a harnessed horse.

If the lower rank leads the horse on the occasion, then for salutations goes to the other side of the horse, which is closer to the boss and takes both reins in the hand closest to the horse under its very muzzle; and in the other hand he takes the ends of the reins and turns his head to the boss.

V.V. Krestovsky, "A book for young soldiers of the cavalry and Cossacks", St. Petersburg, ..

In the Red Army, RKKF and the Red Guard

3. GREETINGS IN LINE AND OUT OF LINE For greetings direct superiors are given the command “attention”, “alignment to the right (to the left, to the middle)”. On this command, the servicemen take a combat stance, and the unit commanders (and political officers) at the same time put their hand on the headgear and do not lower it to the command “at ease”, given by the person who gave the command “at attention”. After the given command, the senior commander approaches the arrival and, stopping three steps away from him, reports for what purpose the unit was built. Example: “comrade commander, the 4th rifle regiment for inspector shooting has been built. Regiment commander Colonel Sergeev. In the same order welcomes the direct superiors of a Red Army soldier who was appointed senior over several other Red Army soldiers. His exemplary report: “Comrade Lieutenant, the Red Army team of the 2nd division, assigned to work on the target yard, has been built. The team leader is the Red Army soldier Vasilyev.
At the meeting of the chairmen of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR and the Union Republics, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Union Republics, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and his deputies, the orchestra performs the anthem "The Internationale". When direct superiors meet, from the commander and military commissar of their unit and above, the orchestra performs an oncoming march. If the chief greets a unit or individual servicemen, they answer "hello." To congratulations - the military unit (subdivision) responds with a drawn-out cry " cheers", and individual military personnel - "thank you". To gratitude, the military unit and individual servicemen answer: "we serve (serve) the Soviet Union." At parting - they answer "goodbye."
When passing by the mausoleum of Lenin, as well as state monuments, declared by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, military units welcome them on command "quietly."
For mutual greetings when meeting military units (subdivisions), as well as separately following commands, their commanders also give commands: “at attention”, “alignment to the right (to the left)”.
The commands “stand up” and “at attention” are not given during maneuvers, tactical exercises, firing (at the firing line), marching movements, work in workshops, garages, parks, hangars, at radio and telegraph stations, in laboratories, clinics, drawing , when performing various chores, after dusk, before dawn, during lunch, dinner and tea. In these cases, the senior of the chiefs present or the duty officer (orderly) approaches the arriving (or meeting) chief and reports which part (unit) and what he is doing. Examples: “Comrade Colonel, the team of the 3rd company is engaged in determining distances. The senior team member of the Red Army Sidorov. "Comrade regimental commissar, the communications company arrived from lunch, the orderly soldier of the Red Army Voloshin."
The command "attention" and a report to the boss are given only at his first visit to classes on a given day. In the presence of the senior chief, the command “attention” and the report are not given to the junior chief. In the presence of the commander of the unit, the command "attention" and the report to the military commissar of the unit are not given; in this case, the unit commander reports to the military commissar what the unit (unit) is doing. In the absence of the commander of the unit, the command "attention" and the report are given to the military commissar of the unit. in cases where a person of the commanding staff arrives at the unit, whom the military personnel (on duty, orderly) of this unit do not know, the senior commander (on duty, orderly) approaches the newcomer according to the rules of the Combat Charter and asks to present a document. Example: "Comrade brigade commander, I don't know you, please show your ID". The procedure for checking the document is as follows. On the reverse side of the top cover of the identity card, look at the photo card, the edge of which must be captured by the seal of the institution or military unit. Compare the picture with the face of the ID holder. On the first and second pages, read the title, last name, first name, patronymic and position. On the sixth page, check for signatures and seals and return the certificate. If the arrival turns out to be a direct boss, give the command "attention" (when necessary) and give a report, as indicated above.
As a sign of belonging to the Red Army, mutual respect and military courtesy, servicemen welcome each other. Never wait to be welcome another soldier. Primarily greet myself. seated for greetings get up. Get up briskly and abruptly. When performing the anthem "The Internationale", when you are out of order (at parades, reviews and in public places), take the position "at attention"; if a headdress is worn, place your hand on it and remain in that position until the end of the anthem.

Federal period

In modern army jargon, you can periodically hear the expression salute, however, taking into account the irreversible changes in the class structure of society, as well as the transformation of the military salute from ceremony to modern tribute to tradition, the expression is a rarely used anachronism.

Decree of the President of Russia dated November 10, 2007 No. 1495 (as amended on July 29, 2011) "On Approval of General Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"(together with the "Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", "The Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", "The Charter of the Garrison and Guard Services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation")

Military salute

46. Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely unity of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good breeding.
All servicemen are required to meet (overtake) welcome each other, observing the rules established by the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (younger in military rank) welcome the first chiefs (senior in military rank), and with an equal position, the first welcomes one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered.
47. Military personnel are required to comply military salute paying tribute to:

• The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of the military unit, as well as the Naval Flag at each arrival on the ship and departure from the ship;

48. Military units and subunits, while in service, greet on command:

• the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
• marshals of the Russian Federation, generals of the army, admirals of the fleet, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (inspection) of a military unit (unit).

For greetings in the ranks at the place of the indicated persons, the senior commander gives the command "QUIETLY, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)", meets them and reports. For example: "Comrade Major General. The 46th Tank Regiment was built for a general regimental evening check. The regiment commander, Colonel Orlov."
When building a military unit with the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner (at a parade, drill review, while taking the Military oath (taking an obligation), etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of the honorary titles and orders assigned to it .
At greetings in the ranks on the move, the chief gives only a command.
49. Military units and divisions welcome at each other's command at a meeting, and also perform military salute paying tribute to:

• Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
• mass graves soldiers who fell in the battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;
• The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;
• funeral processions accompanied by military units.

50. Military salute troops in the ranks on the spot, the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the "Oncoming March" and the National Anthem of the Russian Federation by the orchestra.
At greetings military unit of direct superiors from the commander of his military unit and above, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (inspection), the orchestra performs only the "Counter March".
51. When out of order, both during classes and in their free time, military personnel of military units (subdivisions) welcome chiefs on the command "Attention" or "Stand up. Attention."
at the headquarters welcome on command only direct superiors and persons appointed to manage the inspection (inspection).
In classes outside the ranks, as well as at meetings at which only officers are present, for military salute commanders (chiefs) the command "Comrade officers" is given.
The commands "Attention", "Get up. Attention" or "Comrade officers" are given by the senior of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arrived commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and when wearing a headdress, in addition, they put their hand on it.
The eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) approaches the arriving commander (chief) and reports to him.
The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command "FREE" or "COMRADE OFFICERS", and the reporter repeats this command, after which all those present assume the position "at ease", with the headgear on, lower their hand from the headgear and subsequently act according to instructions of the arrived commander (chief).
52. The command "Attention" or "Stand Attention" and the report to the commander (chief) are given at his first visit to a military unit or subunit on a given day. The command "Smirno" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship).
In the presence of a senior commander (chief), a command for military salute the younger one is not submitted and the report is not produced.
When conducting class exercises, the commands "Attention", "Stand Attention" or "Comrade Officers" are given before the start of each lesson and at its end.
The commands "Attention", "Stand at attention" or "Comrade officers" before the report to the commander (chief) are given if other military personnel are present, in their absence, the commander (chief) is only reported.
53. During the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, military personnel in the ranks take a combat stance without a command, and unit commanders from a platoon and above, in addition, put their hands on their headgear.
Servicemen who are out of order, during the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, take a combat stance, and when wearing a headgear, they put their hand to it.
54. Command to execute military salute military units and divisions are not served:

• when raising a military unit (unit) on alert, on the march, as well as in tactical exercises and exercises;
• at command posts, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);
• at the firing line and the firing (starting) position during firing (launches);
• during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories, as well as when performing work for educational purposes;
• during sports and games;
• when eating and after the signal "Clear" before the signal "Rise";
• in rooms for patients.

In these cases, the commander (chief) or senior only reports to the arrived chief. For example: "Comrade Major. The 1st motorized rifle company is performing the second firing exercise. Company commander Captain Ilyin."
Units participating in the funeral procession, military salute do not perform.
55. At solemn meetings, conferences in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and in the cinema, a team for military salute is not served and the commander (chief) is not reported.
At general staff meetings for military salute the command "Attention" or "STAND UP. Attention" is given and reported to the commander (chief).
56. When the chief or senior addresses individual servicemen, they, with the exception of the sick, take a combat stance and name their military position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder gives his hand first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger removes the glove from his right hand before shaking hands. Soldiers without headgear accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.
57. On greetings the chief or senior ("Hello, comrades"), all servicemen who are in the ranks or out of order, answer: "We wish you good health"; if the chief or senior says goodbye ("Goodbye, comrades"), then the military personnel answer: "Goodbye." At the same time, the word "comrade" and the military rank are added without indicating the words "justice" or "medical service". For example: "We wish you good health, comrade junior sergeant", "Goodbye, comrade chief foreman", "We wish you good health, comrade midshipman", "Goodbye, comrade lieutenant".
58. If the commander (chief) in the order of service congratulates the serviceman or thanks him, then the serviceman answers the commander (chief): "I serve the Russian Federation."
If the commander (chief) congratulates the military personnel of the military unit (unit) who are in the ranks, they answer with a drawn-out triple "Hurray", and if the commander (chief) thanks them, the military personnel answer: "We serve the Russian Federation."

Military salute when ships meet

647. Military salute when meeting ships at sea or in the roadstead during daylight hours, it is performed in the following order:
a) at the meeting of warships sailing under the State flag of the Russian Federation, the Naval flag or the flag of the Federal Border Service, the signals "Entry" and "Executive" are played on the ships.
The signal "Entrance" is played at the moment when the stems of the ships are equal, while the first signal "Entrance" is played on the ship of the lowest rank or under the flag (braid pennant) of the junior (subordinate) chief. At this signal, everyone who is not busy with the service and located on the upper deck turns to face the passing ship and takes the position “Attention”, and the officers, midshipmen and foremen of the contract service, in addition, put their hand to the headgear.
The “Executive” signal is played first on a ship sailing under the flag (braid pennant) of the senior commander;
b) when warships of the same rank meet or march under the flags or braided pennants of equal officials, the signals “Entrance” and “Executive” are played simultaneously on both ships;
c) when warships meet with support vessels, the “Entrance” signal is played first on the support vessels.
On ships where there are no buglers, the "Entry" signal is replaced by a single sound signal with a hand whistle medium duration, and "Executive" - ​​with two short signals with a hand whistle.
648. The seniority of commanders of formations is declared by order of the commander of the fleet (flotilla), and the seniority of commanders of divisions and commanders of ships - by orders of commanders of formations.
649. Military salute officials when meeting with them at sea or in the roadstead is carried out if they are on a ship (boat) under the flag assigned to them (braid pennant) and if the distance to the ship (boat) does not exceed 2 cables.
650. When meeting a ship of the Navy with ships of civil departments of the Russian Federation and non-military ships of foreign states, if these ships greet the warship by lowering the stern flag, i.e. salute the flag, on command

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (younger in military rank) are the first to greet their superiors (senior in military rank), and with an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered is the first to greet.

47. Military personnel are required to perform a military greeting, paying tribute to:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;

The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of the military unit, as well as the Naval Flag at each arrival on the ship and departure from the ship;

48. Military units and subunits, while in service, greet on command:

the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;

marshals of the Russian Federation, generals of the army, admirals of the fleet, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, persons appointed to lead the inspection (inspection) of a military unit (subunit), as well as persons who arrived to present the military unit of the Battle Banner and (or ) state award.

To greet in the ranks at the place of the indicated persons, the senior commander gives the command "QUIET, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)", meets them and reports.

For example: "Comrade Major General. The 46th Tank Regiment was built for a general regimental evening check. The regiment commander, Colonel Orlov."

When building a military unit with the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner (at a parade, drill review, during taking the Military oath (taking an obligation), etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of the honorary titles and orders assigned to it .

When saluting in the ranks on the move, the chief gives only a command.

49. Military units and subunits greet each other on command at a meeting, and also perform a military greeting, paying tribute to:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;

mass graves of soldiers who fell in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;

The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;

funeral processions accompanied by military units.

50. The military salute by the troops in the field to the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the "Oncoming March" and the National Anthem of the Russian Federation by the orchestra.

When a military unit salutes direct superiors from the commander of its military unit and above, persons appointed to lead the inspection (check) of a military unit (subdivision), as well as persons who have arrived to present the military unit with the Battle Banner and (or) state award, the orchestra performs only "Counter March".

(see text in previous edition)

51. When out of order, both during classes and in their free time, military personnel of military units (subdivisions) greet their commanders at the command "Attention" or "Stand up. Attention".

At the headquarters, only direct superiors and persons appointed to lead the inspection (check) are welcome on command.

In classes outside the ranks, as well as at meetings where only officers are present, the command "Comrade officers" is given to greet commanders (chiefs).

The commands "Attention", "Get up. Attention" or "Comrade officers" are given by the senior of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arrived commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and when wearing a headdress, in addition, they put their hand on it.

The eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) approaches the arriving commander (chief) and reports to him.

The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command "FREE" or "COMRADE OFFICERS", and the reporter repeats this command, after which all those present assume the position "at ease", with the headgear on, lower their hand from the headgear and subsequently act according to instructions of the arrived commander (chief).

52. The command "Attention" or "Stand Attention" and the report to the commander (chief) are given at his first visit to a military unit or subunit on a given day. The command "Smirno" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship).

In the presence of the senior commander (chief), the command for a military greeting is not given to the junior and the report is not made.

When conducting class exercises, the commands "Attention", "Stand Attention" or "Comrade Officers" are given before the start of each lesson and at its end.

The commands "Attention", "Stand at attention" or "Comrade officers" before the report to the commander (chief) are given if other military personnel are present, in their absence, the commander (chief) is only reported.

53. During the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, military personnel in the ranks take a combat stance without a command, and unit commanders from a platoon and above, in addition, put their hands on their headgear.

Servicemen who are out of order, during the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, take a combat stance, and when wearing a headgear, they put their hand to it.

54. The command to perform a military greeting to military units and subunits is not given:

when raising a military unit (subunit) on alert, on the march, as well as in tactical exercises and exercises;

at command posts, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);

at the firing line and the firing (starting) position during firing (launches);

at airfields during flights;

during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories, as well as when performing work for educational purposes;

during sports and games;

when eating and after the signal "Clear" before the signal "Rise";

Andreev Alexey

Have you ever wondered why the military, when saluting, put their hand to the visor of their cap? And why is this gesture not only spelled out in the charter of our army, but also characteristic as a sign of greeting for the armies of the whole world? The military sometimes do not realize that, saluting each other, they exactly repeat the movements of medieval knights who raised the visor of their helmets and necessarily fixed the moment when their faces were completely open to each other ...

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City scientific and practical marathon

“A step into science. Junior"

Section “History. Social science"

Research

Completed

student 3 "B" class

MBOU "Secondary School No. 226", Zarechny

Andreev Alexey.

Scientific adviser:

elementary teacher

classes MBOU "Secondary School No. 226"

Malkova Elena Alexandrovna

Zarechny

2012

1. DOING.

2. CHAPTER 1 Why do the military salute?

3. CHAPTER 2

4. CHAPTER 3. Military greeting in Russia.

5. CONCLUSION

6. LITERATURE.

INTRODUCTION

Have you ever wondered why the military, when saluting, put their hand to the visor of their cap? And why is this gesture not only spelled out in the charter of our army, but also characteristic as a sign of greeting for the armies of the whole world? The military sometimes do not realize that, saluting each other, they exactly repeat the movements of medieval knights who raised the visor of their helmets and necessarily fixed the moment when their faces were completely open to each other ...

I study in the cadet class and I am interested in everything related to the military. I often see how soldiers, when meeting each other, put their right hand to their temples. I decided to explore what this gesture means and where this tradition came from.

Objective:

To figure out, why the military, saluting, put their hand to the headgear,And when did this tradition begin?

Research objectives:

Conduct a survey;

Hypothesis:

Historical hypothesis (Middle Ages): Heavy cavalrymen (knights, knights) wore helmets in the Middle Ages. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. When passing on the opposite side, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised his visor or mask. He opened his face so that the oncoming one could recognize him. This was done right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start a fight and had no aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say: "There is no weapon in my right hand."

Research methods:questioning (APPENDIX 1), literature study, comparison and analysis of the collected material.

Object of study:military traditions.

CHAPTER 1.

Why do the military salute?

At the end of the 18th century, junior officers greeted senior officers, and soldiers saluted officers by removing their headgear. Civilians still bow this way to each other as a sign of respect. This tradition probably originates from the time when a knight had to raise his visor or take off his helmet in front of the lord.

Raising one's hand in greeting instead of taking off one's hat had practical implications. As the soldiers set fire to the fuses of their muskets, their hands became soot-stained. And with dirty hands to remove a headdress meant to render it unusable. Therefore, by the end of the 18th century, honor began to be given by a simple show of hands.

Officers or soldiers who carried a sword or saber, whether on horseback or on foot, saluted by raising their weapons, bringing the handle closer to their lips, then moving the weapon to the right and down. This form of greeting originates in the Middle Ages and is associated with religion, when a knight kissed the hilt of a sword, which symbolized the Christian cross. Then it became a tradition when taking an oath.

CHAPTER 2

Where did the custom of saluting come from?

The tradition of the modern military salute originates on the island of Great Britain. In many armies of the world, junior ranks greeted seniors by removing their hats, as was the case in the British army, but by the 18th and 19th centuries, soldiers' headdresses had become so cumbersome that this greeting was reduced to a simple touch of the visor. The greeting known to us took shape in 1745 in the Coldstream Regiment - the elite guards unit of the personal guard of the Queen of England. In the regimental charter of the guards, it was written: "Personnel are ordered not to raise their hats when they pass by an officer or turn to him, but only to press their hands to their hats and bow."

In 1762, the charter of the Scots Guards clarifies: “Since nothing disfigures the headgear and does not pollute the laces, like removing the hat, the personnel for the future are ordered only to raise their palm to the hat with a short gesture when passing by an officer.” Such an innovation caused a certain resistance, but, as we see, it nevertheless took root. At the same time, great importance is attached to the fact that during a military greeting they do not bow their heads and do not lower their eyes, which means that servicemen of different ranks are free people serving one state.

By the middle of the 19th century, the military salute in Great Britain underwent new changes: brought to the headdress (more precisely, to right eyebrow) the hand is turned with the palm outward. This tradition exists to this day. In the USA, the hand is carried forward a little, as if closing the eyes from the sun, and the palm looks at the ground. The American gesture was influenced by the traditions of the British Navy: back in the days sailing ships sailors used pitch and tar to seal cracks in the wooden parts of the ship so that they would not let sea water through. At the same time, the hands were protected with white gloves, but it was unworthy to show a dirty palm, so in the navy the greeting hand turned 90 degrees down. The soldiers in France are also saluting.

V tsarist Russia the military saluted with two fingers (this tradition still remains in Poland), and in the Soviet and modern Russian army honor is already saluted with the whole palm facing down, with the middle finger looking at the temple.

CHAPTER 3

Military greeting in Russia.

1. Using the questionnaire, I interviewed 23 classmates.

When asked if you know why the military, saluting, put their hand to the headgear, all the guys answered in the negative.

To the question: "Do you think? also received a negative answer.

After analyzing the questionnaires (APPENDICES 1, 2), I saw that my classmates do not know why the military, saluting, put their hand to their right temple and have no ideaSince when has this tradition been going on?

2. In the city and school libraries, I found the literature I needed for research.

3. After reviewing the collected material (APPENDIX 3), I found out that in modern army speech one can periodically hear the expression salute , however, taking into account changes in the structure of society and themilitary salute

knightsvisorarmies

CONCLUSION

conclusion, hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual originating, presumably, from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisor

LITERATURE

Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov.

General Military Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Chapter 3), 2011

ANNEX 1

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear friend! Please take the survey and answer the following questions:

2. What do you thinkhow long has this tradition been going on??

APPENDIX 2

Survey results

23 people took part in the survey.

1. Do you know why the military, when saluting, put their hand to the headgear?

"No" - 23 students, 100%.

2. What do you thinkhow long has this tradition been going on??

“I don’t know” - 23 students, 100%.

APPENDIX 3

Magazine "Around the World" 01/19/2009.

Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov.

Encyclopedia "1001 questions".

- "Children's encyclopedia for the lazy", 1995.

General Military Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Chapter 2, 3), 2011

Military etiquette. Textbook \ Under the general. ed. B.V. Vorobyova - M., 2005

Platonov B.N. Military etiquette - M., 1983

THESES

"Why the military salutes".

Research

Rationale for the relevance of the topic:

I study in the cadet class and I am interested in everything related to the military. I often see how soldiers, when meeting each other, put their right hand to their temples. This gesture intrigued me.

I asked my classmates and parents:

- Why do the military, saluting, put their hand to the headgear?

When did this tradition start?

It turned out that my friends did not know the answers to the questions posed. I decided to help them.

Objective:

To figure out, why the military, "saluting", put their hand to the headgear,And how long has this tradition been going on?

To achieve this goal, I have designated for myself tasks :

Conduct a survey;

Go to the library and find the necessary literature;

Reach out to parents for help gathering information online;

It is good to think and comprehend the collected material.

In the course of familiarization with the information received, it was put forward hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual originating, presumably, from the medievalknights. At that time they wore helmets on their heads. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. When passing on the opposite side, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised his visor or mask. He opened his face so that the oncoming one could recognize him. This was done with the right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start the fight and had no aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say: "There is no weapon in my right hand."

result work was the selection of materials on this topic, a slide presentation and a brochure "Military salute", which can be used in extracurricular activities in the classroom "History of the Russian army."

After reviewing the collected material, I found out that in modern army speech one can hear the expression salute , however, with a change in the structure of society and themilitary salutefrom a ceremony to a modern tribute to tradition, this expression is a rarely used phrase.

What is a "salute"? It means to show respect to a person of higher rank. It has been established that this was done different ways v different time. Greetings in one form or another have always existed among all peoples. The forms of greeting were different: bows, kneeling, falling prone to the ground, various hand gestures. The military greeting, which is customary in the army - putting the right hand to the visor of the cap - appeared quite recently.

I learned that the military salute is a ritual borrowed, presumably, from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisorhelmet. The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting. V armed forces Russian military greeting is performed with closed fingers of the right hand, a straightened brush; unlike some otherarmiespeace, with an uncovered head, a military salute is performed without presenting a hand, by adopting a combat position.

Here's what it says inChartere internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces).

Article 43

The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely unity of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of common culture. All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), strictly observing the rules established by the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates and juniors in military rank greet first, and in an equal position, the first to greet is the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered.

At a meeting, the junior in rank is obliged to be the first to greet the elder; if they belong to different categories of military personnel (soldier - an officer, junior officer - senior officer), a senior in rank may perceive the failure to perform a military greeting at a meeting as an insult.

As a result of the work done, I came to conclusion that putting the fingers of the right hand to the temple of the military means "salute" or greeting. This confirms the earlier hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual originating, presumably, from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisorhelmet. The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting.

Even those people who are very far from the army and military service and have nothing to do with it, well known military greeting ritual. Speaking in the language of encyclopedias, a military greeting is a greeting of military personnel or formations of the Armed Forces of different countries, established in accordance with the governing documents.

A military greeting is referred to military rituals, traditions or military etiquette. Previously, a military greeting was also called a salute, saluting, saluting, it can also be denoted by the word "trump". At the same time, there are a sufficient number of hypotheses for the emergence of this army ritual.

According to one version military greeting came to us from the Middle Ages, being a knightly tradition. Meeting with each other, the knights raised the visor of their helmets with a movement of their hands to show that a friend’s face was hidden under it (this version does not take into account the fact that all knights had their coats of arms on shields, clothes, flags, this was enough to the friend was able to identify the friend).

According to another version raising the visor of the helmet, they demonstrated their peaceful intention. This was done with the right hand to show that the knight is not yet ready to start the fight and does not have aggressive intentions. Such a gesture, as it were, said that "there is no weapon in my right hand now."

At the same time, among peoples who were deprived of heavily armed cavalry (Mongols, Indians who inhabited North America), the salute consisted in a simple demonstration of an open right hand. The most romantic version of the appearance of a military greeting is also attributed to the era of chivalry. With this gesture, the knight at the tournament covered his eyes, protecting himself from the dazzling beauty of the beautiful lady of the heart, who was watching his performance.

But, most likely, the military greeting in the form in which it is known to us today appeared in Great Britain. The version that such a greeting originated in the British Isles in the 18th century is documented by military regulations. In those years, in many armies of the world, junior military ranks, greeting seniors in rank, took off their hat or other headgear. This was the case in the UK, but over time, headgear, especially in elite units, became very cumbersome, so that the greeting was reduced to the usual raising of the hand to the headdress and touching the visor.

The greeting known to all of us first took shape in 1745 in the regiment of the Coldstream Guards - the elite unit of the personal guard of the Queen of England. At the same time, the ammunition of the military was constantly changing, and the gesture was slightly transformed.

Over time, even the very touch of the headdress with the hand disappeared. According to one version, the replacement of removing the headgear by simply bringing the hands to them may be associated not only with heavy and bulky headdresses, but also with the widespread use of firearms. First samples small arms it was difficult to call perfect. The hands of the soldiers almost always turned out to be stained with soot, since they needed to set fire to the oppression of muskets, their hands also got dirty when reloading small arms. In this way, dirty hands in soot could cause damage to the headdress when trying to remove it for a greeting.

Military salute in the UK

At the same time, in a military greeting of any army in the world, they do not lower their eyes and do not bow their heads, which speaks of mutual honor, regardless of ranks, ranks or ranks. There is also no question of which hand salutes in the army. Always right. At the same time, the hand gesture itself and the turn of the palm may differ slightly in different countries peace.

For example, starting from the 19th century in the British army, the hand raised to the right eyebrow was turned palm outward. Such a greeting has been preserved in the army and the Air Force, at the same time in the Royal Navy since the days of sailing ships, when the sailors' hands were stained with tar and tar, and it was unworthy to show dirty palms, during the military salute the palm was turned down. Exactly the same greeting was adopted in France.

In the American army, the greeting could have been taken from the English navy. At the same time, in the United States, during a military salute, the palm is turned down, and the hand, which is extended slightly forward, as if covers the eyes from the sun. In the army of Italy, the palm is carried over the front of the visor.

For many, it may be a revelation that in the German army during the Second World War, soldiers and officers did not at all “zigging” right and left, as can often be seen in feature films. In parts of the Wehrmacht, throughout almost the entire war, a standard military salute was adopted with the right hand raised to the head, which was spelled out in the charter. The introduction of the party or Nazi greeting in the Wehrmacht took place only on July 24, 1944, immediately after the unsuccessful assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler, which was organized by the officers.

V Russian Empire until 1856, the military salute was not performed with the whole palm, but only with the index and middle fingers. To this day, such a greeting has been preserved in the armed forces of Poland. Beginning in 1856, after the completion Crimean War, in the army of tsarist Russia, and then Soviet army and the modern Russian army, a military greeting is given with the whole palm. Middle finger while looking at the temple, lightly touching the visor of the uniform cap. From here, by the way, synonyms for saluting military honor or military salutation arose - to salute, salute, etc.

At present, the rules of military greeting in the Russian Federation are also obligatory for persons who have already been dismissed from military service, when they wear military uniforms. In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a military salute is performed with closed fingers of the right hand, the brush is straightened. Unlike the armies of some other states, with an uncovered head, a military greeting in the Russian army is performed without raising a hand by adopting a military position.

Military salute in Poland

When moving in formation, a military greeting is carried out as follows: the guide puts his hand to the headdress, and the formation presses his hands at the seams. All together they move to the front step and turn their heads as they pass by the commanding officers they meet. When passing towards units or other military personnel, it is enough that the military greeting is performed by the guide.

At the same time, in the Russian army, when meeting, a junior in rank is obliged to first greet a senior in rank, and a senior in rank may perceive the failure to perform a military greeting during a meeting as an insult. In the absence of a headdress on a soldier, the greeting is performed by turning the head and adopting a combat position (the body is straightened, arms at the seams).

But not in all countries, a military greeting to seniors in rank is the duty of a soldier. For example, in modern units of the Israel Defense Forces, the salutation procedure at the sight of a senior in rank is mandatory only during the course of a young fighter. In all other cases, a military salute is not an obligation, but is the right of a soldier. In parallel with this, prisoners in Israeli military prisons (an analogue of the domestic guardhouse) are deprived of this right at all.

Military greeting in Russia

In all countries, the military salute is given exclusively with the right hand.. The question of in which state the honor is saluted with the left hand usually arises when high-ranking government officials, through inexperience or oversight, violate the rules of military salute, which are either an unshakable tradition or enshrined in charters. A serious difference in a military greeting can be called not with which hand they salute, but only the presence or vice versa the absence of a headdress on a soldier during this military ritual.

The well-known today expression “they don’t lay a hand on an empty head” in Russia is usually remembered in the same context as the tradition of military salute in the United States. In the US Army, the presence of a headdress on a soldier when bringing his hand to his head is not mandatory. Historians justify this difference as follows. During civil war North and South (1861-1865), the northerners won. History, as you know, is written by the winners, who form certain traditions. Unlike the Confederate army, the Union army that won the war was made up primarily of volunteers. Many of these volunteers, especially initial stage war, were dressed in civilian clothes. From this we can conclude that the rank and file of the army of the northerners sometimes did not have hats at all - hence the tradition of a military greeting, regardless of whether the soldier is wearing a hat or not.

US military salute

At the same time, the military greeting, which looks organically in peacetime, fades into the background or even further during hostilities. In many conflicts of the 20th century, statutory conventions and military subordination posed a danger to the lives of senior officers. In popular culture, this is well reflected in the American films Saving Private Ryan and Forrest Gump, in which there are episodes when soldiers are reprimanded by more experienced comrades for giving a military salute to their commanders. During combat operations, this helps enemy shooters and snipers to identify a priority target for themselves.

Salutation of military honor

a form of military greeting and the provision of military honors. In the Soviet Armed Forces, according to the Charter of the internal service, all servicemen are obliged to salute each other; subordinates and juniors in rank salute first ( rice. ).

Honor is given by individual military personnel, as well as military units and subunits (on command) to the Mausoleum of V.I. flag, funeral processions accompanied by troops. Military units and subunits, when in service, salute on command: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Marshals Soviet Union and to the Admirals of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council and the Chairman of the Soviet Ministry of the Union Republic in the territory (in the waters) of which this unit is located, the Chief Marshals, army generals, marshals of military branches and special forces, admirals of the fleet, colonel generals, admirals and to all direct superiors, as well as to persons appointed to manage the conduct of the inspection review of the unit (unit). O.'s rules hours are determined by the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the USSR, and in the Navy, in addition, by the Ship Charter of the Navy of the USSR.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

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