Dungan language. Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

22.09.2019

Almost every year the Dungan diaspora faces the same problem. Will the Dungan language be included in the school curriculum this year or not, how many teachers may be left without work, and children without the opportunity to learn their native language?

The essence of the problem

The Ministry of Education does not include the Dungan language in the basic program, but only in the experimental one.

Since 1932, a decree was in force on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic (then the Kirghiz SSR), according to which the Dungan, Uzbek and German languages how native languages in areas densely populated by national minorities were included in the basic educational program. Later, German was removed from the program, as most of the Germans left Kyrgyzstan. The Uzbek language remained in the basic program, while Dungan was included in the experimental program.

“And every year we have to prove to employees in the Ministry of Education that the Dungan language should remain in the secondary school curriculum,” says Professor, Head of the Center for Dungan Studies and Sinology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Mukhame Khusezovich Imazov.

And if in past years, Professor Imazov, together with the deputy of the Jogorku Kenesh Bahadir Suleymanov, tried to resolve this issue before the start of the academic year, this year it was not possible to resolve it on time. And September 1 met teachers and schoolchildren not at all joyfully. Every year, the deputy of the Jogorku Kenesh Suleimanov tried to find funds so that children could learn their native language and not lose their main national component - mother tongue. The people's choice appealed to the Ministry of Finance with a request to help the Dungan people preserve their language and pass it on to their descendants. Money is needed first wages Dungan teachers.

“I was a member of the commission that worked on the development of a law on the state language,” says Professor Imazov. – And in 2012, for the first time, we faced the problem of including the Dungan language in the school curriculum.

And since that time, M.Kh Imazov and B.I. Suleymanov goes through this path every year - from the Ministry of Education to the Ministry of Finance.

- In 2012, at a meeting with Deputy Suleymanov, the Deputy Minister asked me: “Why should we include the Dungan language in the program? Why not Korean or whatever?” - Yes, because there are no places where Koreans live compactly. And there are more than a dozen places of compact residence of the Dungans in Kyrgyzstan.

And the Dungan language was included in the experimental program. But Professor Imazov believes that it should be included in the baseline so that every year they do not have to prove the same thing.

Today, the Dungan language is taught in 14 schools in the Chui and Issyk-Kul regions.

Language support

Any language needs support and development. If you do not pay attention to it, it will wither, be forgotten and eventually disappear. Therefore, the Dungan Association of Kyrgyzstan is making a lot of efforts to preserve its native language.

At the National Academy of Sciences, a lot of scientific work is carried out by employees of the Center for Dungan Studies and Sinology. Among them are members Associations of the Dungans of Kyrgyzstan. The Center, together with the Association, holds many different events aimed at preserving the Dungan language and culture. Almost all textbooks of the Dungan language were written by the staff of the Center for Dungan Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic.

— We combine scientific research with practice. All this is then used in the publication of textbooks. We ourselves are looking for finances for the publication of textbooks,” says Professor Imazov.

Every three years, the Center conducts refresher courses for Dungan teachers. And various seminars for teachers are held regularly and always with good results.

Professor Muhame Husezovich is a fan of the Dungan language and even invests his own funds in its development. So, he fully equipped the teaching and methodological room of the Dungan language at the Alexander Shivaz Secondary School. Yunuzova Z. Sh. is in charge of the work of the methodological cabinet today. Together with the Center for Dungan Studies and Sinology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republican Educational and Methodological Center for the Development and Preservation of the Dungan Language regularly conducts courses, seminars, open lessons, literary competitions, events dedicated to the anniversaries of writers and poets.

At the educational and methodical office, we note, there is also the largest library of books in the Dungan language, written in Latin and Cyrillic.

“There are even books published in 1931 here,” says Professor Imazov with enthusiasm. – Nowhere is there such a complete set, even in the national library.

At one time, Professor Imazov traveled to Kazan, specifically to bring these books. Once upon a time, all books in the Dungan language were published only in Kazan (works by writers Y. Shivaz, A. Arbudu and others).

In addition, in Kyrgyzstan, the “Association of Dungans of Kyrgyzstan” Public Association publishes the newspaper “Huiming Bo”. And the employees of the Center for Dungan Studies do not stand aside, they help to publish a newspaper. Fiction books are published annually in Dungan and Russian. The authors of many works are young writers and poets. On his 70th birthday, Professor Imazov published the book "Half a century in the world of science and education." The book contains selected articles of the professor from Kyrgyz and foreign journals. The Center for Dungan Studies and Sinology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, together with the Institute of Language and Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, has published a Kyrgyz-Russian-Dungan dictionary. Many of these books have been translated into Chinese.

The first collection of works by Y. Shivaz, A. Arbudu, A. Mansurov, M. Imazov, I. Shisyr and other writers was translated into Chinese by Yang Feng, a member of the Council of Writers of the People's Republic of China, laureate of the State Prize. The book by M. Imazov “Ya. Shivaz: pages of life and creativity. The translation was made by Professor of the Central University of Nations Ding Hong. Professor of the Northern University Ling Tao translated individual books by A. Mansurova, poems and stories by I. Shisyr, poems and stories by M. Imazov, proverbs and sayings by H. Laakhunov.

Support measures

What needs to be done today to support the Dungan language?

Professor Imazov, who devoted his life to this, is sure (Mukhame Khusezovich Imazov has been working at the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic for 50 years) that the Dungan language should be included in the basic curriculum. He hopes that the Ministry of Education will hear him and save him and Deputy Suleymanov from annual visits to the authorities.

Secondly, the professor says, it is necessary to restore the practice of training Dungan teachers in universities. By the way, once such teachers were trained at KNU.

He also asks the Dungan Association of Kyrgyzstan to continue to support the release of a radio program in the Dungan language. It goes on the air on Saturdays and is hosted by Khavaza F.N., an employee of the Center for Dungan Studies. It would also be nice, he says, to restore the release of the TV show in the Dungan language.

“I am grateful to the deputy Bahadir Iskakovich Suleymanov for the fact that he has always made every effort to ensure that the Dungan language continues to remain in the school curriculum,” says Professor Mukhame Imazov, ending the conversation. – I would like to wish our readers to learn good news from the pages of the Huiming Bo newspaper. Be aware of all the events of our diaspora, read the newspaper.

Meaning of DUNGAN LANGUAGE in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

DUNGAN LANGUAGE

is one of the Sino-Tibetan languages (Chinese branch). Distributed in districts of Kirg., Kazakh, and Uzb. SSR. The number of speakers in the USSR approx. 50 thousand people (1979, census). Main the mass of Dungans living in the PRC in the provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Yunnan, Anhui, etc. (their Chinese name is Hui, or Huizu, the total number of over 7 million people, 1986, score), speaks dialects resp. provinces and the modern lit. Chinese. In the USSR, 2 dialects of D. Ya are distinguished: Gansu and Shznsi - from the names. provinces in the northwest. China, from where in the 2nd half. 19th century the ancestors of the Middle Asian, the Dungan came to the ter river. current Kazakhstan n Cf. Asia. There are differences between dialects. D. i. in the USSR retained the original features of the North-West. Chinese dialects. lang., on the basis of which it developed and which in China were almost completely lost under the influence of the whale. lit. language. Features of D. I. in phonetics: the transition of the initial syllabic u > v, i > j, the transformation of the cacuminal z into a hissing z; opposition of paired soft and hard consonants; reduction of the number of tones from 4 to 3 in the Gansu dialect. In morphology, suffixation is relatively developed. Unlike whale. lang. in D. I. suffix pl. numbers can be used not only with nouns denoting persons, but also with nouns denoting living beings and objects. In word formation, a tendency is developing towards the creation of disyllabic and polysyllabic words by compounding "(root formation), reduplication (repetition of a monosyllabic root) or by adding the objectivity suffix -гъ to a monosyllabic root. In syntax, there are only isolated cases of violation of the usual word order under the influence of neighboring languages Inversion of the direct object with the help of the indicator ba is characteristic. In the vocabulary there are many borrowings from modern Chinese, Arabic, Russian and Turkic languages. D. Ya. in the USSR has a written language: in 1926-28 based on the Arabic alphabet, from 1928 on the basis of the Latin script, from 1953 on the basis of the Russian script.The lit. language was formed on the basis of the Gansu dialect.O Dragunov A.A. Zap. Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR ". 1937, v. 6; Polivanov E. D., Phonological system of the Gan-Sui dialect of the Dungan, language, in the collection: Questions of Dungan spelling, language, Fr., 1937; K a l and m o v A., Dungan, language, in c.: Languages of the peoples of the USSR, vol. 5. L., 1968 (lit.); utyakh development of the Dungan language, in the book: Sociolinguistic. problems of developing countries, M., 1975; I ma-z about in M., Phonetics of Dungan, language, Fr., 1975; his own. Essays on the morphology of the Dungans, language, Fr. , 1982; Yanshansin Yu., Tones and stresses in Dungan, language, Fr., 1940 (in Dungan, lang.). Rus.-Dungan, dictionary, vol. 1-3, Fr., 1981. A, Kalimoe.

Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. 2012

What does "Dungan language" mean?

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

Dungan language

belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Writing based on the Russian alphabet.

Wikipedia

Dungan language

Dungan language- the language of the Dungans, descendants of Chinese-speaking Muslims hui(huizu), who moved to the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan after the suppression of the Muslim uprising in northwestern China in 1862-1877. Belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. In the USSR, during the process of national-state delimitation in Central Asia, initiated in 1924, the ethnonym "Dungan" was chosen as the official name for the Chinese-speaking Muslim settlers used in the Russian language ( dungan). In inner China this ethnonym was not known. In Xinjiang, it appeared as the name of those huizu, which were massively displaced from the provinces of Gansu and Shaanxi - mainly in 1764 during the formation of the Ili Governor General with a center in Ghulja. According to one version, the word "Dungan" is of Turkic origin. According to another, it goes back to the Chinese word tunken- "military settlements of border lands", widespread in Xinjiang (modern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) during its development by China during the Qing dynasty. The self-names of the Dungans of the USSR / CIS, used to date, - huihui, Huiming"hui people" lo huihui"venerable huihui» ["Hui" is Chinese for Muslims. "Lo-hui" - "old Muslims - the Turkic peoples of Turkestan] or җun-yan zhyn. They call their language, respectively, "the language of the people hui» ( huizu yuyang) or "language of the Central Plains" ( Yun-yang hua).

DUNGAN LANGUAGE - belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Writing based on the Russian alphabet.

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(Chinese branch). Distributed in certain areas of the Kirghiz, Kazakh and Uzbek SSR. The number of speakers in the USSR is about 50 thousand people. (1979, census). The bulk of the Dungans living in China in the provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Yunnan, Anhui and others (their Chinese name is Hui, or Huizu, the total number is over 7 million people, 1986, estimate ), speaks the dialects of the respective provinces and Modern Standard Chinese.

In the USSR, there are two dialects of D. Ya.: Gansu and Shensi - from the names of the provinces in northwestern China, from where in the 2nd half of the 19th century. the ancestors of the Central Asian Dungans came to the territory of present-day Kazakhstan and Central Asia. There are significant differences between dialects.

D. i. in the USSR retained the original features of the northwestern dialects Chinese, on the basis of which it was formed and which in China were almost completely lost under the influence of the Chinese literary language. Features of D. I. in phonetics: the transition of the initial syllabic u > v, i > j, the transformation of the cacuminal z into a hissing ž; opposition of paired soft and hard consonants; reduction of the number of tones from 4 to 3 in the Gansu dialect. In morphology, suffixation is relatively developed. Unlike the Chinese language in D. I. The plural suffix can be used not only with nouns denoting persons, but also with nouns denoting living beings and objects. In word formation, a tendency is developing towards the creation of disyllabic and polysyllabic words by compounding (root formation), reduplication (repetition of a monosyllabic root) or by adding the objectivity suffix -zь to a monosyllabic root. In syntax, there are only isolated cases of violation of the usual word order under the influence of neighboring languages of a different system. The inversion of the direct complement with the help of the indicator ba is characteristic. The vocabulary contains many borrowings from modern Chinese, Arabic, Russian and Turkic languages.

D. i. in the USSR it has a written language: in 1926-28 on the basis of the Arabic alphabet, since 1928 on the basis of the Latin alphabet, since 1953 on the basis of Russian graphics. The literary language was formed on the basis of the Gansu dialect.

Dragunov A. A., Dragunov E. N., Dungan language, “Notes of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR”, 1937, v. 6;
Polivanov E. D., The phonological system of the Gansu dialect of the Dungan language, in: Questions of spelling of the Dungan language, Fr., 1937;
Kalimov A., Dungan language, in the book: Languages of the peoples of the USSR, v. 5, L., 1968 (lit.);
his own, Several remarks on the development of the Dungan language, in the book: Sociolinguistic problems of developing countries, M., 1975;
Imazov M., Phonetics of the Dungan language, Fr., 1975;
his own, Essays on the morphology of the Dungan language, Fr., 1982;
Yangshanxing Yu., Tones and stresses in the Dungan language, Fr., 1940 (in the Dungan language).
Russian-Dungan dictionary, vol. 1-3, Fr., 1981.

Dungan language. Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Almost every year the Dungan diaspora faces the same problem. Will the Dungan language be included in the school curriculum this year or not, how many teachers may be left without work, and children without the opportunity to learn their native language?

Meaning of DUNGAN LANGUAGE in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is the DUNGAN LANGUAGE in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

What does "Dungan language" mean?

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

Wikipedia

"DUNGAN LANGUAGE" in books

1. The language of everyday life and the language of botanists

1. The language of everyday life and the language of botanists

Chapter 5 "LANGUAGE FOR OUR PEOPLE" and "LANGUAGE FOR STRANGERS"

§ 5. The language of "talking" monkeys and the language of man

The language of thought and the language of life in Fonvizin's comedies

Latin - the language of images and goals

Sanskrit - the language of knowledge of the mind, the language of states

1. Immediate language of transcendence (first language)

2. Language that universalizes in the message (second language)

2.4. Mikhail Andreevich Tulov (1814–1882). The mediation of thought by language and the influence of logical thinking on language. Language is an organ of human mental development

XI. Language in the era of "Perestroika" "Perestroika" found the Soviet language in its entirety:

Military canon: language and reality, the language of reality

Chapter Thirteen Standard and Primary Language

6.2. Conversational sign language of the deaf as an example of a sign system that replaces natural language