46. Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely solidarity of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good breeding.
All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), observing the rules established by the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (younger in military rank) are the first to greet their superiors (senior in military rank), and with an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered is the first to greet.
47. Military personnel are required to perform a military greeting, paying tribute to:
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
State flag Russian Federation, the battle flag of the military unit, as well as the Naval flag at each arrival on the ship and departure from the ship;
48. Military units and subunits, while in service, greet on command:
the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
marshals of the Russian Federation, generals of the army, admirals of the fleet, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (inspection) of a military unit (unit).
To greet in the ranks at the place of the indicated persons, the senior commander gives the command “QUIETLY, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)”, meets them and reports.
For example: “Comrade Major General. The 46th Tank Regiment was built for general regimental evening verification. Regiment commander Colonel Orlov.
When building a military unit with the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner (at a parade, drill review, while taking the Military oath (taking an obligation), etc.), the full name of the military unit is indicated in the report, listing the honorary titles and orders assigned to it .
When saluting in the ranks on the move, the chief gives only a command.
49. Military units and subunits greet each other on command at a meeting, and also perform a military greeting, paying tribute to:
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
mass graves of soldiers who fell in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;
The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;
funeral processions accompanied by military units.
50. The military salute by the troops in the field to the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the “Oncoming March” and the National Anthem of the Russian Federation by the orchestra.
When a military unit greets direct superiors from the commander of its military unit and above, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (check), the orchestra performs only the "Counter March".
51. When out of order, both during classes and in their free time, military personnel of military units (divisions) greet their superiors at the command “Attention” or “Stand up. Quietly."
At the headquarters, only direct superiors and persons appointed to lead the inspection (check) are welcome on command.
In classes outside the ranks, as well as at meetings where only officers are present, the command “Comrade officers” is given to greet commanders (chiefs).
Teams "Quietly", "Get up. Attention” or “Comrade Officers” is served by the eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arrived commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and when wearing a headdress, in addition, they put their hand on it.
The eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) approaches the arriving commander (chief) and reports to him.
The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command “FREE” or “COMRADE OFFICERS”, and the reporter repeats this command, after which all those present take the position “at ease”, with the headgear on, lower their hand from the headgear and subsequently act according to instructions of the arrived commander (chief).
52. Giving the command “Attention” or “Stand up. Smirno” and a report to the commander (chief) are carried out at his first visit to a military unit or unit on a given day. The command "Smirno" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (leaves the ship).
In the presence of the senior commander (chief), the command for a military greeting is not given to the junior and the report is not made.
When conducting classroom lessons, the teams “Quietly”, “Stand up. Attention” or “Comrade Officers” are served before the start of each lesson and at the end of it.
Teams "Quietly", "Get up. Attention" or "Comrade officers" before the report to the commander (chief) are served in
if other military personnel are present, in their absence, the commander (chief) is only reported.
53. During the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, military personnel in the ranks take a combat stance without a command, and unit commanders from a platoon and above, in addition, put their hands on their headgear.
Servicemen who are out of order, during the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, take a combat stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand to it.
54. The command to perform a military greeting to military units and subunits is not given:
when raising a military unit (subunit) on alert, on the march, as well as in tactical exercises and exercises;
at command posts, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);
at the firing line and the firing (starting) position during firing (launches);
at airfields during flights;
during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories, as well as when performing work for educational purposes;
during sports and games;
when eating and after the signal "Clear" before the signal "Rise";
in rooms for patients.
In these cases, the commander (chief) or senior only reports to the arrived chief.
For example: “Comrade Major. The 1st motorized rifle company is performing the second firing exercise. Company commander Captain Ilyin.
Units involved in funeral procession, a military greeting is not performed.
55. At solemn meetings, conferences in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and in the cinema, a command for a military greeting is not given and the commander (chief) is not reported.
At general meetings of personnel for a military greeting, the command “QUIET” or “STAND UP. SMIRNO" and reported to the commander (chief).
When the chief or senior addresses individual servicemen, they, with the exception of the sick, take a combat stance and give their military position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder gives his hand first. If the senior is not wearing gloves, the junior takes off the glove before shaking hands. right hand. Soldiers without headgear accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.
To the greeting of the chief or senior (“Hello, comrades”), all military personnel who are in the ranks or out of order respond: “We wish you good health”; if the chief or senior says goodbye ("Goodbye, comrades"), then the military personnel answer: "Goodbye." At the same time, the word "comrade" and the military rank are added without indicating the words "justice" or "medical service".
For example: “We wish you good health, comrade junior sergeant”, “Goodbye, comrade chief foreman”, “We wish you good health, comrade midshipman”, “Goodbye, comrade lieutenant”.
58. If the commander (chief) in the order of service congratulates the serviceman or thanks him, then the serviceman answers the commander (chief): "I serve the Russian Federation."
If the commander (chief) congratulates the military personnel of the military unit (unit) who are in the ranks, they answer with a drawn-out triple “Hurrah”, and if the commander (chief) thanks them, the military personnel answer: “We serve the Russian Federation”.
Order of presentation to commanders (chiefs)and persons who arrived for inspection (verification)
59. Only the commander of the military unit is introduced to the senior commander (chief) who arrives at the military unit. Other persons are introduced only when the senior commander (chief) directly addresses them, naming their military position, military rank and last name.
60. Servicemen introduce themselves to their immediate superiors in the following cases:
military appointments; surrender of a military post; assignment of a military rank; awarding an order or medal;
departure on a business trip, for treatment or vacation and upon return.
When introducing themselves to their immediate superior, servicemen state their military position, military rank, last name and the reason for the introduction.
For example: “Comrade Major. Commander of the 1st motorized rifle company Captain Ivanov. I introduce myself on the occasion of conferring the military rank of captain on me.
61. Officers and warrant officers newly appointed to the regiment are presented to the regiment commander and then to his deputies, and upon receipt of the appointment to the company - to the battalion commander, company commander and their deputies.
The regimental commander introduces newly arrived officers to the officers of the regiment at the next meeting of officers or formation of the regiment.
62. When inspecting (inspecting) a military unit, its commander introduces himself to the arriving person appointed to lead the inspection (inspection), if the inspecting (inspector) is in the same military rank as the commander of the military unit or in rank higher than him; if the inspector (verifier) is younger than the commander of the military unit by military rank, then he himself introduces himself to the commander of the military unit.
Before the beginning of the inspection (inspection), the commander of the military unit presents the inspecting (inspecting) commanders of the inspected (inspected) units.
63. When visiting the inspecting (checking) units, the commanders of these units meet him and report to him.
If the inspector (checker) arrives at the unit together with the commander of the military unit, then the commander of the unit reports to the inspector (checker) if the latter is in an equal military rank with the commander of the military unit or is higher in rank than him.
If during the inspection (check) a senior commander (chief) arrives, then the commander of the military unit (unit) reports to him, and the inspector (checker) introduces himself.
64. When visiting a military unit (ship) by the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian
Federation, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and his deputies, the commander of the military unit (ship) meets the indicated persons, reports to them and accompanies them to the location of the military unit (ship), and members of the Government of the Russian Federation and veterans of the Great Patriotic War who arrived at the invitation to the military unit (ship) war, veterans of military operations on the territory of the USSR, on the territory of the Russian Federation and the territories of other states, veterans military service, as well as honored workers of science, culture and art, representatives of public organizations of the Russian Federation, foreign states and other honored visitors, the commander of the military unit (ship) meets, introduces himself to them and accompanies them, without reporting to them.
In memory of visiting a military unit (ship), honorary visitors are provided with the Book of Honored Visitors (Appendix No. 4) for the corresponding entry.
When military personnel arrive at a military unit (subdivision) to perform certain official assignments of senior commanders (chiefs), the commander of a military unit (subunit) introduces himself only as a senior in military rank. In other cases, the arrivals introduce themselves to the commander of the military unit (subdivision) and report on the purpose of their arrival.
All instructions of the inspectors (verifiers) or military personnel performing individual official assignments of senior commanders (chiefs) are transmitted through the commander of the military unit. The named persons are obliged to inform the commander of the military unit (unit) about the results of the inspection (check) or the performance of the official assignment assigned to them.
When conducting a survey of military personnel of a military unit (unit), inspectors (verifiers) are guided by the requirements provided for in Appendix No. 6.
On military courtesy and behavior of military personnel
67. Military personnel must constantly serve as an example of high culture, modesty and restraint, sacredly observe military honor, protect their dignity and respect the dignity
others. They must remember that their behavior is judged not only on them, but also on the Armed Forces as a whole.
Relations between military personnel are built on the basis of mutual respect. On questions of military service, they should address each other as "You". In personal appeal, the military rank is called without indicating the words "justice" or "medical service".
Chiefs and seniors, addressing their subordinates and juniors on matters of service, call them by military rank and surname or only by military rank, in the latter case adding the word “comrade” before the military rank.
For example: "Private Petrov", "Comrade Private", "Sergeant Koltsov", "Comrade Sergeant", "Midshipman Ivanov".
Military personnel studying in military educational institutions of vocational education and not having the military ranks of sergeants, foremen, warrant officers, midshipmen, officers, as well as military personnel studying in training military units, are named according to the military position to which they are assigned.
For example: "Cadet (listener) Ivanov", "Comrade cadet (listener)".
Subordinates and juniors, addressing their superiors and elders on matters of service, call them by their military rank, adding the word “comrade” before the military rank.
For example: "Comrade Senior Lieutenant", "Comrade Rear Admiral".
When referring to the military personnel of the guards formations and military units, the word "guards" is added before the military rank.
For example: “Comrade of the Guards foreman of the 1st article”, “Comrade of the Guards Colonel”.
Out of formation, officers can address each other not only by military rank, but also by name and patronymic. In everyday life, officers are allowed to use the affirmative expression "the word of an officer" and when parting with each other, it is allowed to say "I have the honor" instead of the words "goodbye."
When addressing civilian personnel of the Armed Forces who hold military positions, servicemen call
them by military position, adding the word "comrade" before the title of the position, or by name and patronymic.
The distortion of military ranks, the use of obscene words, nicknames and nicknames, rudeness and familiarity are incompatible with the concept of military honor and dignity of a serviceman.
68. Out of order, when giving or receiving an order, military personnel are obliged to take a combat stance, and when wearing a headgear, put a hand on it and lower it after giving or receiving an order.
When reporting or accepting a report, the serviceman lowers his hand from the headgear at the end of the report. If the command “Attention” was given before the report, then the reporter at the command of the head “At ease” repeats the command, and when the headgear is put on, he lowers his hand.
69. When addressing another soldier in the presence of the commander (chief) or senior, he must be asked for permission.
For example: “Comrade Colonel. Allow me to turn to Captain Ivanov.
When it is necessary to give an affirmative answer to the question of the chief or senior, the soldier answers: “That's right,” and when the negative answer is “No way.”
70. In public places, as well as in a tram, trolleybus, bus, subway car and suburban trains, in the absence of free seats, a serviceman is obliged to offer his place to the head (senior).
If at a meeting it is impossible to freely disperse with the boss (senior), the subordinate (junior) is obliged to give way and, greeting, let him through; if necessary, overtake the chief (senior), the subordinate (junior) must ask permission for that.
Military personnel must be polite towards the civilian population, pay special attention to the disabled, the elderly, women and children, help protect the honor and dignity of citizens, and also provide them with assistance in case of accidents, fires and other natural and man-made emergencies.
71. Military personnel are prohibited from keeping their hands in their pockets, sitting or smoking in the presence of a chief (senior) without
his permission, as well as smoking on the streets on the go and in places not designated for smoking.
72. A sober lifestyle should be the daily norm of behavior for all military personnel. Appearance on the streets, in squares, parks, vehicles general use, other public places in a state of intoxication is a disciplinary offense that dishonors the honor and dignity of a serviceman.
73. Military uniforms and insignia are established for servicemen. All military personnel, as well as citizens dismissed from military service with the right to wear military uniforms, have the right to wear military uniforms. The military uniform is worn strictly in accordance with the rules for wearing military uniforms and insignia, determined by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Military personnel doing military service under a contract have the right not to wear military uniforms during the time free from the performance of military service duties, determined by the regulations on official time, and military personnel undergoing military service by conscription - outside the location of the military unit upon dismissal or on vacation.
74. The rules of military courtesy, behavior and military greetings are also obligatory for citizens dismissed from military service, when they wear military uniforms.
Why is military honor given with the right hand?
The norms and rules of military etiquette are very diverse. They are based on the principles of morality and morality, the provisions of the military oath and military regulations, military traditions and rituals. However, it is one thing to display heroism in extreme situations and another to daily comply with the requirements of military etiquette. Some of them seem small and therefore unimportant. For example, a military salute. Let us emphasize a detail worth paying attention to: if earlier this ritual was called “saluting military honor”, today the military charter seems to return us to the requirements of noble knights: soul to God, life to the fatherland, heart to the lady, honor to no one.
One of the ancient military rituals that have survived to this day is the salutation of military honor. In the tsarist army, 2 fingers were applied to a military headdress, in the Soviet and Russian - a palm. This tradition arose in the 13th century among the knights. When, upon meeting in the “open field”, they had no intention of engaging in battle, they raised the visor of their metal helmets. And although later they were replaced by helmets, cocked hats, hats, etc., the custom of bringing a hand to the head as a sign of friendliness has been preserved. When meeting each other, the knights with a movement of their right hand (and many of us, as before at that time, were right-handed) lifted the visor of the helmet to show that the face of a friend was hidden behind the armor. Raising their hand to their headgear, modern military personnel repeat this gesture, paying a courtesy debt to their colleague in military uniform.
A soldier serving in the city has many contacts with other people on the street, in public transport, in shops and other public places. With the fast pace of city life, the rush at peak hours, the crowded streets, he needs reasonable and optimal behavior in a wide variety of street situations. According to etiquette, a man should walk to the left of a woman, a boss, or an elderly man, since the place on the right is considered honorable when two people walk down the street. If a woman takes a soldier by the arm, he should be on her right in order to have an opportunity for a military salute. 200-300 years ago, men did not leave the house without weapons. Each had a saber, rapier or dagger hanging on his left side. On the left, in order to quickly and more conveniently grab the weapon from the scabbard with the right hand. And officials - so even before the end of the last century they were required to wear a sword with their uniform. And the sword also hung on the left side. So that when walking, the weapon does not hit the companion on the legs, the gentleman tried to walk to the left of the lady. It has become a custom. Now only the military carry weapons, and even then not always. Still, it’s right for a man to go to the left of a woman, because people with us often disperse to the right and it’s better for the oncoming one to inadvertently hit you with his shoulder, and not your companion. You, as the stronger one, must protect her. But only the military, when they are in uniform, do not obey this rule. In order to give a military greeting to the oncoming military and not touch the companion with the elbow, the right hand of a soldier or officer must be free. Therefore, it is more convenient for them to go on the left, and not on the right.
There is a beautiful legend that one pirate, at the sight of the English Queen Elizabeth, covered his eyes with his hand: "I am blinded by the beauty of your Majesty." And that it was from that time that the custom began to salute with a hand.
Military salute, or Which hand salutes Human society is developing, changing traditions, attitudes, turns of speech, the language itself, finally. As obsolete phrases “I have the honor” and “salute” go out of use even in the army. Even the original meaning of these wonderful phrases is distorted. What does it mean to "salute"? Initially, there was no talk of any saluting of one's own honor. It was said about the recognition of the merits of a person who comes forward, about respect for him. At all times, the youngest was the first to greet both by age and by rank or rank, recognizing high merits. You can salute both a person or a group of people, and something sacred - a banner or a monument to fallen heroes.
A gesture, whatever it may be, has always been a sign of recognition of honor in the opposite. At all times and all peoples have had various forms salutations and expressions of respect: one could bow to the ground, kneel, or both, prostrate, click his heels and nod his bare head. In the dictionaries of V. I. Dahl and S. I. Ozhegov, “to salute” means to greet. And if the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov describes this greeting only as putting a hand on a headdress, then V.I. Dal gives a whole list of actions. You can salute with a bow, bowing a sword or banner, making a weapon on guard, breaking through a drum roll. The legend of the origin of the military salute world travel. Fulfilling Her Majesty's secret mission, Drake not only robbed Spanish ships, he discovered many sea routes and made several geographical discoveries.
The legend says that the captain of the pirates stood against the sun when the queen climbed the ladder, and covered his eyes, putting the palm of his right hand to them with a visor. The team lined up behind him repeated this gesture in unison. The gallant corsair complimented the ugly Elizabeth by comparing her to the blinding sun, which won Her Majesty over. Evil tongues claimed that it was for gallantry that Drake was knighted, and the gesture spread throughout the armies of the world. Historical Versions of the Origin of the Military Salute One of the historical versions of the origin of salute refers to knightly traditions. A knight on a horse with reins and a shield in his left hand, having met the same knight, raised the visor of his helmet with his right hand. This gesture spoke of peaceful intentions. The version documented by military regulations says that it was in Great Britain in the 18th century, since headgear in elite units became very cumbersome, that the rule appeared not to take them off, but to greet officers by pressing a hand to a hat and bowing. Then they even stopped touching the hat, since the hands of the soldiers were always stained with soot, because they had to set fire to the oppression of muskets. And with what hand the guardsmen of Her Majesty salute, the charters did not specify. Most likely, it goes without saying that the right one.
Mounted and foot officers saluted by raising edged weapons, bringing the handle closer to their lips and then moving it to the right and down. The question of which hand the officers salute with did not arise. Military greeting in different countries In the military greeting of any army, they do not bow their heads and do not lower their eyes, which also speaks of mutual honor, regardless of ranks and ranks, and there is no question of which hand is saluted in the army - only the right. But the gesture of the hand and the turn of the palm may be slightly different. Since the 19th century, in the British army, a hand raised to right eyebrow, palm facing out. In the British Navy, since the days of sailing ships, when the hands of sailors were stained with tar and tar, and it was unworthy to show dirty palms, the palm was turned down in greeting. The same greeting is accepted in France. In the US Army, during the greeting, the palm is turned down, and the hand, extended slightly forward, as if covering the eyes from the sun. In the Italian army, the palm is carried over the front of the visor.
AT tsarist Russia until 1856 and today's Poland, the military salute was performed with the index and middle fingers. From 1856 after Crimean War in Soviet army and today's Russian army honor is given with the whole palm, which is turned down. At the same time, the middle finger looks at the temple, touching the visor of the uniform cap. Hence the synonyms of the expression "salute" - to salute, salute. The way in which Russian servicemen salute is enshrined in the Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Rules of etiquette There is a military etiquette that all military men must follow. Its rules are determined not only by traditions and rituals, the principles of morality and morality, but also by the provisions of the military oath and charters. But there is also an etiquette common to all, according to which, for example, a man as a support and protector in the past, also with a weapon on his side, should go to the left of his companion. But on which hand they salute in Russia and not only, exceptions to general rules. Soldiers in uniform always go to the right of the woman, so as not to hit her with their elbow during a military salute. However, there are exceptions to this rule as well. If a soldier in uniform walks arm in arm with a companion, then he should be to her right so that the hand for the military salute remains free. Differences in the performance of a military salute Military salute in all countries is given with the right hand. The question of which country salutes with the left hand arises when high government officials, through negligence or inexperience, violate the rules for saluting military honor, which are either enshrined in charters or are an unshakable tradition.
A serious difference can be considered not with which hand they salute, but only the presence or absence of a headdress when saluting. It would seem that if the gesture of the right hand arose during the simplification of the procedure for removing the headgear, then a uniform cap or cap is mandatory in such a ritual. But no. Army traditions in the United States began to take shape after the victory of the army of northerners in the Civil War of the North and South in the second half of the 19th century. The victorious army was formed from volunteers without combat skills and dressed in ordinary clothes, often without hats. Honor was given simply by placing a hand on her head. Since then, in the US Army, honor is given regardless of the presence of a uniform cap or cap on the head. Salutation of military honor, or, in the modern interpretation of the Russian military regulations, a military greeting is a ritual overshadowed by the centuries-old traditions of the armies of all countries of the world.
Even for those of us who are far from military service and have never had a direct relationship with it, the ritual of military greeting is well known. The question of which hand salutes and why worries many, and there are many hypotheses about the origin of this ethical ritual.
One of the most common dates back to the medieval tradition of knightly raising with an unarmed hand as a sign of good intentions with the simultaneous opening of the face, so that the rider who came across could recognize the greeting. However, this hypothesis does not take into account the fact that a medieval knight wore a crest of certain colors, as well as a coat of arms, compiled taking into account a number of nuances of the heraldic language, which greatly simplified the task of identifying his personality.
In parallel with this, there are also romantic hypotheses - like the one that raising an open palm to the head was basically a symbolic gesture of covering the eyes from the dazzling beauty of the lady of the heart. Versions are also put forward that a symbolic hand touching the head began to be used instead of “taking off the hat” as a sign of greeting - in the late Middle Ages and early Modern times, when headdresses became more and more magnificent and bulky. Moreover, this concerned not only civilian clothes, but also military uniforms - not only fashion trends, but also practical considerations played a role here. On the battlefield, a rich variety of headdresses of various colors and shapes, each of which is related to a specific combat unit, greatly simplified the task of commanding troops and assessing the current situation.
Also, the replacement of removing headgear by simply bringing a hand to it may be associated not only with the fact that they have become more bulky and heavy, but also with the spread of firearms. The first samples of firearms were wicked, and during the shooting and reloading, the hands of the shooter were covered with soot, which led to almost irreversible damage to the headgear when trying to remove it.
In a number of countries, the ritual of military greeting is directly related to the military uniform, but not to the person wearing it: the uniform is considered one of the most important state symbols along with the flag, coat of arms and anthem. That is, military saluting is, first of all, not only and not so much a greeting ritual, but an expression of respect for a certain number of symbols and a kind of marker of people's belonging to a certain military corporation.
The direction of the palm raised to the head, outward or downward, may vary depending on the country and region, as well as a certain military tradition, which is the main one for the region. So, for example, a military greeting, characteristic of the Russian Imperial Army (attached to the head forefinger and middle finger right hand), has survived to this day in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. The gesture of a military salute, characteristic of the modern US Armed Forces (the right hand attached to the head, palm down), hypothetically, may be based on the tradition of the English Navy. The land units of the British army, when performing a military salute, according to a tradition that has remained unchanged since the middle of the nineteenth century, turn the right hand attached to the head with the palm outward, as for sailors, the palm is turned down. This kind of tradition, most likely, is based on household features service in the sailing fleet, when the substances that most often fell on the hands of the rank and file were resin and tar, used as sealing materials. In order not to show the seniors in rank the fives, which were by no means distinguished by cleanliness, it was decided to make a military salute with the palm facing down.
The famous expression “they don’t lay a hand on an empty head” in our country is usually mentioned in the same context as American tradition military salute, in which the presence of a headdress when raising a hand to the head is not mandatory. This kind of circumstance may be due to the events of the War of the North and South ( Civil War in the USA, 1861–1865). History, as you know, is written by the winners, therefore, they also form certain traditions. Unlike the Southerners, the Union army that won the victory was predominantly made up of volunteers, many of whom initially wore civilian clothes. From which it can be concluded that the rank and file of the army of the northerners sometimes could not have a headdress at all - hence the tradition of a military greeting, regardless of its presence.
Far from everywhere, a military greeting to a senior in rank is the duty of a soldier. So, for example, in modern parts of the Israel Defense Forces, saluting at the sight of a commanding officer is mandatory only during the course of a young soldier. In other cases, saluting is not an obligation, but a right. In parallel with this, prisoners of military prisons (analogous to a guardhouse) are completely deprived of this right.
During military conflicts of the 20th century, external military subordination and statutory conventions do not even fade into the background, but much further. Saving Private Ryan and Forrest Gump are the most famous examples of popular culture that reflect this fact. In both, there are episodes when soldiers are reprimanded by more experienced fighters for giving a military salute to their unit commanders: do not help enemy snipers in choosing a priority target.
46. Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely unity of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good breeding. All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), observing the rules established by the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (younger in military rank) are the first to greet superiors (senior in military rank), and in an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered is the first to greet.
3. Military greeting. Chapter. Servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (AF of Russia) and the relationship between them. internal order. "Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" (UVS of the Armed Forces of Russia)
Military salute formerly called salute, saluting.
The rules of military greeting, in the Russian Armed Forces, are also obligatory for citizens dismissed from military service when they wear military uniforms.
Version of the magazine "Around the World"
Military salute in different countries
In Western countries
In Western countries (which included the Russian Empire) salute was not and is not mutual military salute like a handshake, but is a symbolic gesture of respect. Actually salute(honors) or "hand salute"- this is a kind of other salutes like artillery or rifle salute.
Wherein saluting is not produced by humans. In republican countries (for example, in the USA) saluting as a rule, it is produced in a uniform military uniform - one of the most important state symbols, inferior in value only to the state flag - and is a gesture of mutual recognition and belonging to the same corporation, a symbol of mutual respect, therefore salute allowed only in uniform and only to a person in uniform.
giving away military honor soldier (Cossack): - If the soldier meets with the chief, who is supposed to salute, then he must, 4 steps before the boss, put his right hand to right side the lower edge of the hat or cap so that the fingers are together, the palm is slightly turned outward, and the elbow is at shoulder height; while looking at the boss and following him with your eyes. When the boss passes him a step, then lower his hand.
When meeting with a boss who is supposed to salute standing in front, he, not reaching four steps to the boss, takes the last step with the foot to which side he should turn (that is, if you need to turn to the right, then with the right foot, and if to the left, then with the left) and another full step or several less than the other leg, during the removal of which you should turn your shoulders and body in front and then, simultaneously with putting your foot on, raise your right hand to the headdress, turning your head to the side of the boss. saluting, you should stand according to the rules of the "rack". When the boss passes him a step, he turns in the direction he was going and, putting his left foot behind, starts moving with his left foot, lowering his right hand with the first step.
The lower ranks salute, standing in front: the Sovereign Emperor, the Sovereign Empress and all Persons of the imperial family, all generals, admirals, the head of the garrison, their: - regimental, squadron and hundred commanders, their staff officers, as well as banners and standards.
Not standing in front, but putting only a hand to the headdress,
salute: - all headquarters and chief officers; military doctors; class officials of his regiment; reserve and retired generals, headquarters and chief officers, when they are in uniform; sub-ensigns, estandard junkers and sub-corpsmen; palace grenadiers; to all sergeants, sergeants and those commanding lower ranks to whom they are subordinate; and privates, in addition, to all non-commissioned officers, non-combatants of their senior rank and all privates with the Badge of Distinction of the military order.
If the lower rank comes with a gun or a naked saber, then for salutations he does not stand in front, but takes only four steps before the chief on his shoulder, turning his head towards him and seeing him off with his eyes; then, when the boss passes him a step, he takes a gun or a saber "at ease".
The lower rank, having some kind of burden, salutes according to the same rules; if the burden is great and both hands are occupied with it, then honor is given, following the chief with his eyes.
If a soldier stands still and the chief passes by him, then the soldier, saluting, should turn to face the boss; if the chief stands still, and the soldier passes by, then the soldier salutes not stopping, but putting only a hand to the headdress. If the lower rank sees that the boss is overtaking him, then he salutes according to the same rules, becoming, who should, to the front.
Honor is given and in the presence of a superior. If the chief, who was placed in the front, gives a sign with his hand or says to saluting continued to walk, then he turns and walks, without dropping his hands, until he passes the chief.
Soldiers must not remove their headgear for greetings whoever it was.
If the lower rank rides on a muffled (in the Cossacks on a bridled) horse, then for salutations does not stop in front, but takes proper fit, puts his right hand to the headdress and, turning his head to the boss, follows him with his eyes; and if with a pike, then he takes it “in hand”.
If the lower rank rides on a bridled horse (that is, reins in both hands), then for salutations he does not put his right hand to the headdress, but only turns his head to the boss and follows him with his eyes. He does the same if he drives a harnessed horse.If the lower rank leads the horse on the occasion, then for salutations goes to the other side of the horse, which is closer to the boss and takes both reins in the hand closest to the horse under its very muzzle; and in the other hand he takes the ends of the reins and turns his head to the boss.
V.V. Krestovsky, "A book for young soldiers of the cavalry and Cossacks", St. Petersburg, ..
In the Red Army, RKKF and the Red Guard
3. GREETINGS IN LINE AND OUT OF LINE For greetings direct superiors are given the command “attention”, “alignment to the right (to the left, to the middle)”. On this command, the military personnel take a combat stance, and the unit commanders (and political officers) at the same time put their hand on their headgear and do not lower it to the command “at ease”, given by the person who gave the command “at attention”. After the given command, the senior commander approaches the arrival and, stopping three steps away from him, reports for what purpose the unit was built. Example: “comrade commander, the 4th rifle regiment for inspector shooting has been built. Regiment commander Colonel Sergeev. In the same order welcomes the direct superiors of a Red Army soldier who was appointed senior over several other Red Army soldiers. His exemplary report: “Comrade Lieutenant, the Red Army team of the 2nd division, assigned to work on the target yard, has been built. The team leader is the Red Army soldier Vasilyev.
At the meeting of the chairmen of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR and the Union Republics, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Union Republics, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and his deputies, the orchestra performs the anthem "The Internationale". When direct superiors meet, from the commander and military commissar of their unit and above, the orchestra performs an oncoming march. If the chief greets a unit or individual servicemen, they answer "hello." To congratulations - the military unit (subdivision) responds with a drawn-out cry " cheers", and individual military personnel - "thank you". To gratitude, the military unit and individual servicemen answer: “we serve (serve) Soviet Union". At parting - they answer "goodbye."
When passing by the mausoleum of Lenin, as well as state monuments, declared by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, military units welcome them on command "quietly."
For mutual greetings when meeting military units (subdivisions), as well as separately following commands, their commanders also give commands: “at attention”, “alignment to the right (to the left)”.
The commands “stand up” and “at attention” are not given during maneuvers, tactical exercises, firing (at the firing line), marching movements, work in workshops, garages, parks, hangars, at radio and telegraph stations, in laboratories, clinics, drawing , when performing various chores, after dusk, before dawn, during lunch, dinner and tea. In these cases, the senior of the chiefs present or the duty officer (orderly) approaches the arriving (or meeting) chief and reports which part (unit) and what he is doing. Examples: “Comrade Colonel, the team of the 3rd company is engaged in determining distances. The senior team member of the Red Army Sidorov. "Comrade regimental commissar, the communications company arrived from lunch, the orderly soldier of the Red Army Voloshin."
The command "attention" and a report to the boss are given only at his first visit to classes on a given day. In the presence of the senior chief, the command “attention” and the report are not given to the junior chief. In the presence of the commander of the unit, the command "attention" and the report to the military commissar of the unit are not given; in this case, the unit commander reports to the military commissar what the unit (unit) is doing. In the absence of the commander of the unit, the command "attention" and the report are given to the military commissar of the unit. in those cases when a person of the commanding staff arrives at the unit, whom the military personnel (on duty, orderly) of this unit do not know, the senior commander (on duty, orderly) approaches the arrival according to the rules of the Combat Charter and asks to present a document. Example: "Comrade brigade commander, I don't know you, please show your ID". The procedure for checking the document is as follows. On the reverse side of the top cover of the identity card, look at the photo card, the edge of which must be captured by the seal of the institution or military unit. Compare the picture with the face of the ID holder. On the first and second pages, read the title, last name, first name, patronymic and position. On the sixth page, check for signatures and seals and return the certificate. If the arrival turns out to be a direct boss, give the command "attention" (when necessary) and give a report, as indicated above.
As a sign of belonging to the Red Army, mutual respect and military courtesy, servicemen welcome each other. Never wait to be to greet another soldier. Primarily greet myself. seated for greetings get up. Get up briskly and abruptly. When performing the anthem "The Internationale", when you are out of order (at parades, reviews and in public places), take the position "at attention"; if a headdress is worn, place your hand on it and remain in that position until the end of the anthem.
Federal period
In modern army jargon, you can periodically hear the expression salute, however, taking into account the irreversible changes in the class structure of society, as well as the transformation of the military salute from ceremony to modern tribute to tradition, the expression is a rarely used anachronism.
Decree of the President of Russia dated November 10, 2007 No. 1495 (as amended on July 29, 2011) "On Approval of General Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"(together with the "Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", "The disciplinary charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", "The charter of the garrison and guard services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation")
Military salute
46. Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely unity of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good breeding.
All servicemen are required to meet (overtake) to greet each other, observing the rules established by the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (younger in military rank) welcome the first chiefs (senior in military rank), and with an equal position, the first welcomes one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered.
47. Military personnel are required to comply military salute paying tribute to:
- The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of the military unit, as well as the Naval Flag at each arrival on the ship and departure from the ship;
48. Military units and subunits, while in service, greet on command:
- the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
- marshals of the Russian Federation, generals of the army, admirals of the fleet, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (inspection) of a military unit (unit).
For greetings in the ranks at the place of the indicated persons, the senior commander gives the command "QUIETLY, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)", meets them and reports. For example: "Comrade Major General. The 46th Tank Regiment was built for a general regimental evening check. The regiment commander, Colonel Orlov."
When building a military unit with the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner (at a parade, drill review, during taking the Military oath (taking an obligation), etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of the honorary titles and orders assigned to it .
At greetings in the ranks on the move, the chief gives only a command.
49. Military units and divisions welcome at each other's command at a meeting, and also perform military salute paying tribute to:
- Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
- mass graves of soldiers who fell in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;
- The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;
- funeral processions accompanied by military units.
50. Military salute troops in the ranks on the spot, the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the "Oncoming March" and the National Anthem of the Russian Federation by the orchestra.
At greetings military unit of direct superiors from the commander of his military unit and above, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (inspection), the orchestra performs only the "Counter March".
51. When out of order, both during classes and in their free time, military personnel of military units (subdivisions) welcome chiefs on the command "Attention" or "Stand up. Attention."
at the headquarters welcome on command only direct superiors and persons appointed to manage the inspection (inspection).
In classes outside the ranks, as well as at meetings at which only officers are present, for military salute commanders (chiefs) the command "Comrade officers" is given.
Commands "Attention", "Get up. Attention" or "Comrade officers" are given by the senior of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arrived commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and when wearing a headdress, in addition, they put their hand on it.
The eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) approaches the arriving commander (chief) and reports to him.
The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command "FREE" or "COMRADE OFFICERS", and the reporter repeats this command, after which all those present assume the position "at ease", with the headgear on, lower their hand from the headgear and then act according to instructions of the arrived commander (chief).
52. The command "Attention" or "Stand at attention" and the report to the commander (chief) are carried out at his first visit to a military unit or subunit on a given day. The command "Smirno" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship).
In the presence of a senior commander (chief), a command for military salute the younger one is not submitted and the report is not produced.
When conducting class exercises, the commands "Attention", "Stand Attention" or "Comrade Officers" are given before the start of each lesson and at its end.
The commands "Attention", "Stand at attention" or "Comrade officers" before the report to the commander (chief) are given if other military personnel are present, in their absence, the commander (chief) is only reported.
53. During the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, military personnel in the ranks take a combat stance without a command, and unit commanders from a platoon and above, in addition, put their hands on their headgear.
Servicemen who are out of order, during the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, take a combat stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand to it.
54. Command to execute military salute military units and divisions are not served:
- when raising a military unit (unit) on alert, on the march, as well as in tactical exercises and exercises;
- at command posts, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);
- at the firing line and the firing (starting) position during firing (launches);
- during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories, as well as when performing work for educational purposes;
- during sports and games;
- when eating and after the signal "Clear" before the signal "Rise";
- in rooms for patients.
In these cases, the commander (chief) or senior only reports to the arrived chief. For example: "Comrade Major. The 1st motorized rifle company is performing the second firing exercise. Company commander Captain Ilyin."
Units participating in the funeral procession, military salute do not perform.
55. At solemn meetings, conferences in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and in the cinema, a team for military salute is not served and the commander (chief) is not reported.
At general staff meetings for military salute the command "Attention" or "STAND UP. Attention" is given and reported to the commander (chief).
56. When a chief or a senior addresses individual servicemen, they, with the exception of the sick, take a combat stance and name their military position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder gives his hand first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger removes the glove from his right hand before shaking hands. Soldiers without headgear accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.
57. On greetings the chief or senior ("Hello, comrades"), all servicemen who are in the ranks or out of order, answer: "We wish you good health"; if the chief or senior says goodbye ("Goodbye, comrades"), then the military personnel answer: "Goodbye." At the same time, the word "comrade" and the military rank are added without indicating the words "justice" or "medical service". For example: "We wish you good health, comrade junior sergeant", "Goodbye, comrade chief foreman", "We wish you good health, comrade midshipman", "Goodbye, comrade lieutenant".
58. If the commander (chief) in the order of service congratulates the serviceman or thanks him, then the serviceman answers the commander (chief): "I serve the Russian Federation."
If the commander (chief) congratulates the military personnel of the military unit (unit) who are in the ranks, they answer with a drawn-out triple "Hurray", and if the commander (chief) thanks them, the military personnel answer: "We serve the Russian Federation."
Military salute when ships meet
647. Military salute when meeting ships at sea or in the roadstead during daylight hours, it is performed in the following order:
a) when meeting warships sailing under the State flag of the Russian Federation, the Naval flag or the flag of the Federal Border Service, the signals "Entry" and "Executive" are played on the ships.
The "Entrance" signal is played at the moment when the ship's stems are equal, while the first "Entrance" signal is played on a ship of a lower rank or under the flag (braid pennant) of a junior (subordinate) chief. At this signal, everyone who is not busy with service and who is on the upper deck turns to face the passing ship and takes the position “Attention”, and officers, midshipmen and foremen of the contract service, in addition, put their hands on their headgear.
The “Executive” signal is played first on a ship sailing under the flag (braid pennant) of the senior commander;
b) when warships of the same rank meet or march under the flags or braided pennants of equal officials, the signals “Entrance” and “Executive” are played simultaneously on both ships;
c) when warships meet with support vessels, the “Entrance” signal is played first on the support vessels.
On ships where there are no buglers, the "Entry" signal is replaced by a single sound signal with a hand whistle medium duration, and "Executive" - with two short signals with a hand whistle.
648. The seniority of commanders of formations is declared by order of the commander of the fleet (flotilla), and the seniority of commanders of divisions and commanders of ships - by orders of commanders of formations.
649. Military salute officials when meeting with them at sea or in the roadstead is carried out if they are on a ship (boat) under the flag assigned to them (braid pennant) and if the distance to the ship (boat) does not exceed 2 cables.
650. When meeting a ship of the Navy with ships of civil departments of the Russian Federation and non-military ships of foreign states, if these ships greet the warship by lowering the stern flag, i.e. salute the flag, on command
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