Do-it-yourself belt sander for wood. Do-it-yourself belt sander - photo and design. Production of a belt sander

Modern grinding machines are equipped with powerful engines and are able to perform many tasks. In particular, they have the ability to process wooden objects of various shapes. Many modifications are used for cleaning rounded surfaces. Models with horizontal guides are often used to work with pointed ends.

For processing metal objects, powerful devices are required that have tight belts. Pretty hard to make a tape grinding machine with your own hands. However, it should be borne in mind that there are various modifications that do not apply to complex devices.

Models for woodwork

You can make simple woodwork with your own hands even without the use of an electric motor. In this case, it is more appropriate to consider drum modifications. First of all, a frame is installed for the stability of the structure. Next, guides are fixed on it. They are necessary to secure the workpiece. A shaft with a flywheel should be attached to the drum. Due to this, it will be possible to rotate the structure. In this situation, the drum should be selected with a small diameter.

Metal working devices

In order to make a metal grinding machine with your own hands, it is more expedient to select an electric motor with a power of at least 5 kW and a frequency of 55 Hz. Before starting work, it is important to take all measurements. In this case, much depends on the size of the metal blanks to be processed. After installing the bed, the guides are immediately fixed. In this situation, the beam is mounted on the frame.

To adjust the position of the block, a lever with a return spring is used. The drive shaft of the model must be at least 5.5 cm in diameter. emery skin wide should be chosen. Handwheels are used to adjust the guides. If we consider tape modifications, then rollers will be additionally required for the machine. They must be attached above the frame.

Drum modifications

You can make a drum grinder with your own hands manually or electronic type. If we consider the second option, then we should first of all make a frame from steel sheets. Next, a frame is laid on which the guides will be located. The next step is to take care of the electric motor. It must be located at the bottom of the bed.

Directly the tape position mechanism can be located in the side of the machine. Due to this, the working area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe tool is significantly expanded. The casing in this case can be used plywood type. For greater stability of the machine, you will need to install legs. The carrier plate in the modification must be with a shield. After fixing it, it remains only to install the flywheel that regulates the position of the guides.

Spindle machine models

You can assemble a spindle grinder with your own hands only using electric motors. Quite often, experts recommend choosing models for 5 kW. The main element of the machine is considered to be the spindle mechanism. It must be installed on the bed. Directly guides are fixed in a horizontal position.

After fixing the block, fix the longitudinal plate. Workpieces will be laid on it. Screws are used to fix the stand. The rollers in the design must be located on both sides of the spindle mechanism. The bearing plate in the structure must withstand heavy loads. Pulleys are used to increase the torque. In this case, the position of the guides is adjusted using flywheels.

Model with cam rest

You can make a do-it-yourself belt grinder with a cam steady with your own hands quite quickly. Manual modifications are very rare. In this case, the motor should be selected with a power of 5 kW and a frequency of at least 55 Hz. The grinding type drum must be installed on the working platform. Fixing it occurs on the bed. To adjust the position of the guides, flywheels are used as standard.

The tape in this case is selected small size. To protect the electric motor, many experts recommend using a casing. In order to fix the workpiece, a powerful support is needed. The lunette itself plays the role of a feeding device. It should be fixed next to the drive shaft. Different control units are installed on the devices. In this case, many experts advise choosing high-quality CNCs that are able to regulate engine speed.

Devices with horizontal rails

Assembling a grinder with horizontal guides with your own hands is a very difficult task. In this case, a wide frame is required. In this case, the block must withstand heavy loads. Legs are used directly to fix the working platform. The rails of the model must be above the bottom frame. The tape position mechanism is fixed near the electric motor. Gearboxes are also often used in these devices. In order to install the side plates, you will need a welding machine.

Models with vertical rails

You can make a grinder with vertical guides with your own hands using welding inverter. In this case, the tape must be fixed on the drum. Directly, the electric motor for the configuration is selected with a power of about 7 kW and a frequency of 55 Hz. The beam of the model must be rigidly fixed at the base of the machine.

The pulley for her is selected with a head. A small plate is required to stop the workpiece. A place for the roller mechanism should be provided next to the guides. All this will allow you to easily change the position of the workpiece on the desktop.

Longitudinal rest machines

Do-it-yourself grinding machine with a longitudinal lunette can be mounted in different ways. Electric motors are most often selected with low power. The flywheels in this case are fixed at the base of the bed. Bearings are used to adjust the pulley. The plate will be required for a machine with a steel stop. The carrier plate of the model is used with a small thickness. The gearbox is most often used rack type. To adjust the position of the guides, you need a lever. Directly the lunette is installed on the edge of the support beam. You can use screws to fix it.

Version with rolling bearings

With the help of rolling supports, you can also make a grinding machine with your own hands. The advantage of these configurations is their versatility. Workpieces in this case can be processed at different angles. The assembly of the machine should begin with the installation of the bed. For the working platform are used steel sheets. It is more expedient to solder guides in a horizontal position.

Flywheels for them are installed last. The drive shaft in the structure must be under the frame. The belt positioning mechanism is installed near the electric motor. Guards are used for the safe use of the machine. After fixing the flywheels, it remains only to fix the casing to protect the mechanism from dust.

Devices with sliding supports

With sliding supports, making a machine is quite simple. In this case, the guides can be installed in a horizontal position. The working platform for these configurations is mainly made of a small width. Directly the supports of the machines must be located on the edge of the upper beam. However, first of all, you should make a frame for the tool. For this, metal profiles are selected. You can also use pipes quite successfully. The top beam is attached to the frame.

Electric motors are used with a power of about 7 kW and a frequency of 50 Hz. Corners are used to adjust the position of the pulley. The guides of the model must be fixed on the plate. Ball bearings are used for free rotation of the bearings. The tape position mechanism is fixed near the electric motor. If we consider the classic model, then the drive shaft is installed under the guides. Thus, the maximum rotation of the spindle is achieved. Guards are used to protect the operator during work. It is also possible to install a hand rest on the edge of the working platform.

Model for 5 kW

At 5 kW, how to make a grinding machine with your own hands? Such devices are most often made with a spindle mechanism. The upper beam of the models can be located on the bed. Pulleys are most often used guide type. The belt positioner must be installed close to the motor. The modifications differ in the type of upper blocks.

Every person who has had to deal with wood processing knows the importance of the final polishing of the finished product.

This also applies to holders for various agricultural implements, and wooden furniture, and building elements (doors, windows, window sills) and any other wood products. Sanding allows you to remove burrs, as well as bring smoothness and shine to the wood.

Of course, grinding work can be done with a regular piece sandpaper or a special attachment for drills or angle grinders. But this takes a lot of time and does not ensure the ideal shape of the product. Therefore, for such purposes, various grinding machines were created.

Most often in domestic conditions and in conditions small scale production they use a drum grinding machine, the device, the principle of operation and the possibility of making it with our own hands, we will consider in this publication.

1 Drum grinder - device, principle of operation

The drum grinder got its name from the rotating cylinder - the drum, which, in fact, performs the function of grinding.

In addition to the grinding itself, which allows you to remove burrs and give wooden surface perfect smoothness, such devices also perform a calibration function. Drum grinder or any other type allows you to adjust wooden detail to the right size with millimeter precision.

This machine is used for finishing sanding and grading of flat and long wood products, such as wood panel surfaces, chipboard, fiberboard, etc., doors, window sills, and so on. The use of such a device for processing cylindrical parts is not possible.

1.1 Main components

Drum grinder appearance and a set of basic components has no fundamental differences from any other machines.

The basic package of such a device includes the following elements:

1. The bed is the part of any machine to which all other elements are attached.
2. The engine performs the function of driving the moving parts of the machine. Most often, drum sanders for wood are equipped with two motors. One rotates the drum itself according to the principle of a drill, the second sets the feed tape in motion.
3. Grinding planer drum, on which the emery belt is wound and attached. It is necessarily equipped with a tensioning mechanism, with the help of which, when the tape is heated, it is automatically tensioned. The rotating drum with sanding belt directly smoothes the woodwork.
4. Feed drum with conveyor belt. This part of the machine on wood makes its own wiring wooden product on the grinding drum. Thanks to flat surface conveyor and the same distance from the belt to the drum over its entire plane, the product is evenly adjusted to the desired dimensions.
5. The mechanism that regulates the speed of the conveyor belt.
6. Fixing racks of the grinding drum, equipped with a ruler. The ruler and screw fixation on the racks allow you to set the required thickness, under which the product must be adjusted.
7. The protective cover covers the grinding drum to prevent injury during operation.
8. Machine for removing dust and chips.

1.2 How it works

Such a grinding machine works on the principle of a drill. Its grinding part rotates the engine at high speed - an average of 2000 rpm.

The sander can have different weights, different sizes, sanding drum length, conveyor belt length and width, maximum and minimum drum installation height, etc.

Choice technical parameters device depends on the features for which it was purchased.

After installing the machine, you need to calibrate the grinding drum to avoid eccentric rotation and unnecessary vibrations. In addition, a non-centered drum will not be able to clean the products evenly.

To do this, we take two beams of the same height, install them on the feed belt, lower the drum on them and fix them in this position. Next, set the height of the mechanism, depending on the size of the part to be ground.

We turn on the installation. For the first pass it is better to set the minimum speed of the feed belt, for the final - the maximum - 3 meters per minute.

The grinding drum should gain momentum, like a drill. After that we put wooden beam to be processed onto the conveyor belt. The passage of the beam under the drum occurs automatically.

We repeat this action the required number of times until our part comes into the desired shape and acquires the specified dimensions.

If the sides of the product are of different sizes, the height of the drum must be adjusted for each change in parameters.

2 Types of machines

If we talk about grinding machines in general, their classification is based on two parameters: the scope and the functions performed.

According to the field of application, the machines are:

• circular grinding machines. Are intended for processing of the details having round section;
• surface grinding. Their task is to grind flat parts. The drum machine also belongs to this type;
• internal grinding. These mechanisms are used to process internal surfaces products. Drills are often used for this purpose;
• specialized. Designed for processing complex surfaces - threads, grooves, teeth, etc.

Various machines can perform different functions:

• pruning and cleaning;
• sharpening;
• grinding.

2.1 We make a drum machine with our own hands

It is difficult to make a drum grinder for raw wood with your own hands, but it is quite possible.

To do this, we take a list of necessary elements and look for suitable material and spare parts.

And so, we need:

1. Bed. For these purposes, any stable workbench or table is suitable, to which other elements of the machine can be screwed. It is better if the bed is metal. If you have to use wooden structure, it needs to be qualitatively strengthened with your own hands.
2. Electric motor with a power of 200-300 watts. The speed should be 1500-2000 rpm. Better if it is single phase asynchronous motor. For these purposes, the mechanism from the old washing machine(in this case, we also take pulleys with a belt from it), drills, grinders, etc.
3. Sanding drum for wood. This is perhaps the most important and most complex part of the machine, on which the quality of the work performed will depend. We will talk later about how and from what to make a home-made grinding drum with our own hands.
4. Drum stands. The device that fixes the drum and regulates its height can be made of wooden beams. The height adjustment mechanism can be made by hand in two versions. First option - through holes on the racks through which the drum will be attached. This option is simpler, but it only allows you to work with a fixed adjustment step of about 1 cm. The second option is long screws mounted perpendicular to the drum. In this case, by tightening the screws, we will be able to raise the grinding device, releasing - to lower it. In the second variant, height adjustment is possible with an accuracy of up to a millimeter.

We will not make a conveyor belt with our own hands. It's possible, but not necessary. Submission for homemade machines is usually done manually.

2.2 Making a drum

Before proceeding with the manufacture of the drum itself, you need to clearly understand what functions our machine will perform. The fact is that the smaller the size of the cylinder, the easier and faster it will be rotated by the engine from the drill.

To make a grinding drum, we need a piece of anything that has a cylindrical shape, the desired length and diameter. It can be a wooden beam with a round section, a PVC pipe, metal pipe and much more.

We will consider as a material pvc pipe for making a drum with your own hands.

1. Take the right size cut plastic pipe. We also need a metal pin that acts as an axis, wooden or plastic plugs that match in diameter with inside diameter pipes, screws, rubber, glue.
2. We take the plugs and make holes in them that correspond in diameter to the thickness of the rod.
3. Holes in the plugs must be exactly in the center. The slightest eccentricity of the drum will lead to incorrect operation of the machine.
4. We tightly plant the plugs into the pipe and fix it with self-tapping screws.
5. Insert the pin into the holes in the plugs. The axis should protrude from the cylinder by 2-3 cm on each side. It is she who will act as an attachment to the adjusting racks.
6. We glue rubber on the drum. To her it will be easier to attach the sanding belt.

2.3 Assembling the machine

To assemble the machine you need:

1. Install the racks on the frame.
2. Attach the drum to them so that the height of its rise can be adjusted.
3. Connect the motor to the drum using a belt or chain drive.
4. You can get to work.

2.4 Homemade drum sander (video)