The designation of the sandpaper. Types and graininess of sandpaper or sandpaper: grinding rules. Sanding paper production technology. Application of abrasive

Sanding with the wrong one can cause permanent damage to your work. Sorted by the number of abrasive particles per square inch that make up the sandpaper. The lower the number, the coarser the grain. Sandpaper is commonly rated as coarse, medium, fine, extra fine, extra fine, and super fine. Sanding with a finer mesh removes the scratches left by the previous paper and eventually leaves smooth surface.

However, rough paper papers quickly remove the material, followed by finer sandblasting, greatly simplifies and speeds up sanding. As soon as any experienced woodworker tells beginners, the faster you can get through the sanding, the better. There are two main types sandpaper: commercial and industrial. The differences lie in several areas, namely the material used as the sand, the backing material, and the material used to hold the sand on the paper.

Industry brands use higher quality materials for all three components. In addition, you may see sandpaper that is rated as "open" or "closed". The difference is that closed-coated sandpaper has finer grit particles, where open-coated sandpaper has larger gaps between particles.

Sanding paper production technology. Application of abrasive

As a general rule, an open layer is usually better for woodworking because it clogs less often, especially when working with softer woods that contain more resin. There are five main types of sandpaper, but not all of them are conducive to woodworking. Glass paper, also known as flint paper, is very light and usually pale yellow in color. Glass paper splits easily and is rarely used for woodworking.

Garnet paper usually has a brownish red color that is commonly used in woodworking. It won't cut sand as fast as other sandpapers, but it leaves better. Aluminum oxide is another common type of sandpaper for woodworking projects. This is the type of paper most commonly used in power sanders. Aluminum oxide is more durable than garnet paper but doesn't leave it pretty.

Silicon carbide paper is usually dark gray or even black. This type of paper is used primarily for finishing metals or for "wet sanding" using water as a lubricant. Although some advanced finishes use silicon carbide paper, it is not commonly used in woodworking.

Finally, ceramic sandpaper is made from the toughest abrasives and can remove a significant amount of material quickly. Ceramic paper is often used, but is sometimes used for hand molding wood. It usually leaves a very rough finish, so be careful when using ceramic sandpaper, especially on veneers and veneers where it can quickly seep through the finish and ruin the piece.

Most general applications in the field of woodworking you will probably find that starting with various coarse grained alumina based papers for the initial sanding steps followed by fine grained garnet papers will give you a very smooth finish that will showcase your woodworking skills and give you a very good painting platform or painting your woodworking project.

At kitchen chairs there are scratches in the paint, rust on the garage door has been fixed and the old bench in front of the house needs to be urgently repaired with new slats. Whether it's metal, whether it's wood, old layers of paint or rust, you can hardly avoid the sanding issue. But with the right know-how and the right tool, it's easy. Wood surfaces are sanded with abrasive paper to compensate for irregularities, remove glue and paint residues, and to prepare the wood for further surface treatment.

Grits and numbers - how to determine grit

Metal parts are ground to improve surface texture and dimensional accuracy, as well as cleaning and removing deposits. Lacquered surfaces are sanded to remove scratches and dust inclusions and sanded with varnish before polishing. Walls, ceilings and floors can also be sanded. This is especially necessary if you want to remove glue and wallpaper residues. What are the differences between various materials for grinding should be considered? Is it better to grind by hand or with one? What grinders are there and what are they used for?

Sanding, sanding or sandpaper?

Are there fundamental chopping mistakes and how can you avoid them? Sandpaper is available in many varieties and shapes, eg. Sandpaper is also known as sandpaper or sandpaper. The names show that in the past the abrasive grains actually consisted of sand or emery. Today, almost exclusively synthetic alumina or silicon carbide abrasive grains are used in the production of abrasive paper. They are sharper, harder and more durable than natural abrasive grains of sandpaper, quartz sand or natural corundum.

Sandpaper design

Abrasive papers are built according to the following basic scheme: the lowest layer is the so-called abrasive grain carrier, which can consist of either highly durable paper or fabric or fiber. Reinforced paper combined with sticky pads for use on sanders. On the abrasive grain carrier, a base binder is applied as a second layer, which fixes the abrasive grains on the substrate. The third layer then forms abrasive grains which are dispersed into the wet binder using an electrostatic dissipation process.

Due to the use of electrical devices. In addition, this process ensures uniform distribution of the abrasive grains on the abrasive grain carrier. The fourth and final layer is the top binder, which holds the abrasive grains together. As the base and cover adhesive for leather, synthetic resin or hard resin, various combinations of base and top adhesive are used, especially important. For example, a base and top gauge of full synthetic resin on an impregnated abrasive grain holder guarantees water tightness.

Binder resins are also heat resistant, which is especially important for use in grinders. If the binders give way, there is a risk that the abrasive grains break during the grinding process and damage the workpiece. When choosing a suitable sanding paper The decisive criteria are the quality of the abrasive grain holder, the hardness of the abrasive grains, right size grain, as well as the right combination of binder base and top coat. The static process of applying abrasive grains is aligned so that it is fixed with its thick end in the main binder and pointed ends up.

Types and types of sanding paper. Marking examples

Sandpaper is available in a variety of grit sizes and should be marked with a number on the reverse side sanding papers. The lower the number, the larger the grain, the higher the number, the finer the grain. The amount of grit is indicated in the mesh block, the number of stitches per sieve per inch. Coarse sandpaper with a grit size of 40 to 120 is used for the first sanding wooden surface and achieving great abrasion. Even to remove rough bumps and scratches, sandpaper with a low grit size is used.

For complete removal of paint residues on wooden bases or recommended for metal grinding the average size grit 150 to 180. Before lubricating or painting wooden sandpaper again with sandpaper with a grit size of 220 to 360. Particularly valuable paint surfaces, eg. Wood is divided into coarse and fine grinding. One works from coarse to fine, d. an hour starting with the coarsest sandpaper that is suitable for the purpose and getting finer and finer.

Medium and fine sanding papers are used to remove sanding marks that are sanded during rough abrasion into wood and to maximize possible work on the surface. How finely the surface is finished, but it should no longer be visible after oiling or painting the surface no more than sanding marks. For wall and ceiling sanding, sandpaper with grit sizes from 80 to 80 is used.

One more important point one thing to keep in mind is the different scattering of the sandpaper. A distinction is made between open and closed or also dense scattering. In the case of open scattering, the abrasive grains are widely spaced on the abrasive grain carrier and cover about 50 to 70% of the surface. With dense or closed scattering, the abrasive grains lie next to each other without gaps, the abrasive grain carrier is completely covered. Open scattering sandpaper is especially indicated if you want to achieve greater material removal.

As with softwoods such as spruce or pine, not as fast with sandblasting dust. However, it should be noted that abrasive grains with large distances penetrate deeper into the material. This can leave unsightly and especially unwanted scratches. If someone wants to avoid this, then choose the appropriate sandpaper with a denser scattering. For veneer and hardwood, the closed spray produces a thinner surface.

By hand or by machine?

The dispersion of abrasive grains varies by manufacturer and therefore differs from sandpaper to sandpaper. There are grinders for every material. Right choice machine depends on the nature and shape of the material you want to grind. The choice here is limited to a subject adapted to grinding machines that work with sandpaper. It should be noted in advance that, unfortunately, there is no machine that can cover all areas of application. Makita or Mirka, perform synchronized circular and swinging movements.