In plants cut for a bouquet, you can change the natural color of the flowers. So, if the white flowers of a rose or dahlia are first dipped in a solution of magenta, and then in a solution of potash, they will acquire a beautiful blue color. This method has long been used to obtain unusual blue roses that do not exist in nature.

The process that ensures the creation in plants various colors, at first glance it may seem very simple, but the numerous colors and tones that exist in nature are the result of a complex interaction of basic pigments in various combinations with the environment. They also depend on the arrangement of natural dyes in plant tissues.

In plants cut for a bouquet, you can change the natural color of the flowers. So, if the white flowers of a rose or dahlia are first dipped in a solution of magenta, and then in a solution of potash, they will acquire a beautiful blue color. This method has long been used to obtain unusual blue roses that do not exist in nature. You can try in the same way to recolor the white flowers of hyacinths, tulips or gladioli blue or try to "force" a rose (white) to bloom with bright blue flowers by watering the soil around its bush with cobalt acid.

True, there is evidence that the famous German poet and botanist Goethe managed to grow flowers with a bluish tint when growing roses in a greenhouse under blue glasses. And only recently, in our time, real blue roses were grown by the Japanese.

And how to make a white rose from a red rose? Knowing that anthocyanin is discolored by sulfur dioxide, we place a red rose in a hermetically sealed vessel (glass jar) with a piece of combustible sulfur lit in it - and after a few minutes the petals will turn white. Do not regret the disappearance of the red color, after some (rather long) time in the air the flower will again take on its previous color. You can also "whiten" asters, violets, gladioli and other flowers containing anthocyanins.

You can recolor purple flowers to bright red by immersing them in a weak solution of hydrochloric acid.

Flowers with green petals are usually inconspicuous, but for the sake of experiment, they can be obtained quite quickly. It is enough, for example, to hold the blue flower of the marsh forget-me-not over the smoke of a smoldering cigarette or cigarette, as it will immediately turn into green color. The reason for this change is the ammonium carbonate contained in tobacco smoke, which has an alkaline reaction. Having penetrated into the tissues of the flower, it turns the blue color into green.

Interesting color transformations in flowering plants occur under the action of ammonia. Paired ammonia(in a hermetic vessel!) blue, violet and purple petals become green, dark red (for example, carnation) - black, white (white lily, white rose, etc.) - yellow. Flowers with variegated color undergo especially original changes. If ammonia is replaced with strong hydrochloric acid vapor, the blue and purple colors will turn into red. It is also curious that after treatment with ammonia, some flowers that do not have an aroma at all (for example, asters) acquire a pleasant smell.

Such experiments can be carried out even with whole bouquets of flowers. Since not all anthocyanins respond in the same way to environmental change, and also because ammonia and hydrochloric acid act on other substances (flavones, etc.), causing a change in color, completely unexpected colors are obtained. This in a simple way you can give the bouquet a fancy unusual color for several hours. The subsequent slow restoration of the natural color of the flowers gives the bouquet an even more spectacular appearance.

Sulfurous acid, due to its deoxidizing properties, discolors most flowers in roses, such as roses, periwinkles, violets, etc. This experiment is extremely well done with the help of a special device. Sulfur is melted in a small porcelain crucible (cup), which, when combined with atmospheric oxygen, ignites and gives sulfuric acid; for better action sulfurous fumes, the crucible is covered with a thin, conical copper tube, and its narrow end turns to the tested colors.

The action of the acid makes itself felt immediately; in a few seconds, roses, periwinkles, violets, ivan da marya, and others turn completely white.

Here's another experience:

Pouring ordinary ether into a glass and adding 1/10 part (by volume) of ammonia to it, we will load the test flowers into the resulting mixture. Some of the flowers that are purple or single in nature, take on an instant bright green color. These include: pinkish crane or geranium, purple periwinkle, purple night violet and yarutka, single and red roses, magona levkoy, thyme, little bluebell, fumigation, forget-me-not and heliotrope. Other flowers, the color of which is not the same everywhere, take on more or less different shades from the action of a mixture of ammonia and ether.

upper purple petal sweet pea turns blue, while the lower one takes on a pale green color. White flowers usually turn yellow. These are for example: white poppy, striated gill turning yellow and dark purple; white rose turns fawn, white columbine, black root, chamomile, fragrant mock orange, daisy, potato, night violet, honeysuckle, bean flowers, meadowsweet, foxglove, etc. All of them, in contact with ammoniacal ether, take on a dark yellow color. White gills turn yellow and deep orange.

In single sweet peas, the upper petal turns into blue, and the lower one into green of a very delicate shade; one-time geraniums or cranes are made blue; in sponges, ammonia ether acts only on red spots, which turn brown-green; red gill takes on a lovely brown color with a metallic sheen; valerian takes on a grayish tint, and red poppy turns deep purple.

On the yellow flowers ammonia ether does not work:

Buttercup, marigold, walleye, etc., when immersed in this liquid, retain their natural color.

http://www.valleyflora.ru/

Coloring flowers with food coloring

If you cannot find a cut flower in the store on March 8 of the shade you need, you can change the color of the plant yourself. To do this, you just need to stock up on some patience and certain materials.

Not all flowers are suitable for artificial coloring. For work, you should take only fresh flowers. The longer a flower stands, the worse it will stain. You should also pay attention to the color of the petals. With red or darker flowers, it is impossible to achieve the desired result, so these plants should not be taken. White flowers are best suited, in extreme cases - cream. From the whole variety of flowers, you can take roses, tulips, carnations and chrysanthemums for coloring flowers. You can also experiment with any other white colors.

Now we will tell you in more detail how to paint a flower. Use food coloring to color flowers.. But not everything is so simple here either. Do not use any food coloring, especially the one that is used to color the icing on cakes. Use a dye that will completely dissolve in water, coloring it. Dilute the dye in water at room temperature. The more dye you dilute in water, the faster the flowers will turn.

Cut off flower stems with a sharp knife. Cuts should be made at a 45° angle and should be up to 2 cm long. If you are using roses, cut the stems in water. When you remove the rose stem from the water, press the cut with your finger so that it does not have contact with the air. Now put the prepared flowers overnight in a vase of water, in which the dye is diluted. In the morning you will see some changes. It will take you 24 hours to complete the coloring.

If desired you can experiment with dyes. So, for this, some techniques are used that make it possible to create various color effects. You can leave the flower overnight in a container with dye of the same color. Then in the morning change the water and color of the dye. See how intricately the flower petals will be painted. You can also use the same color of the dye, but change its concentration in water. In this way, you can get either a very bright flower, or delicate soft shades of petals.

Please note that you not only the petals of the flower will be colored, but also its leaves and stem. It will take much longer to color a woody stem like a rose. But the soft stems of tulips are painted very quickly. Also, do not forget that staining always occurs unevenly. The thick veins through which water flows are the first to be stained. Only then comes the full color of the flower.

As you can see, coloring fresh flowers is not a very difficult task. The main thing is stick to some rules:

• use only fresh flowers
• never pinch the stem while cutting
• paint flowers only at room temperature

If you apply this simple coloring method, you will definitely have the brightest and most unusual flowers on March 8th. Try it you will definitely like these bouquets!

http://strana-sovetov.com/hobbies/rukodelie/5673-8-march-flowers-bouquet.html

And here research done by a 5th grade student:

Abstracts for research work
"Flower Magic"
Author: Lyakh Svetlana. Grade 5, MBOU "Zorkaltsevskaya secondary school" of the Tomsk region.
Head: Borisenko Nina Ivanovna, teacher of biology, MBOU "Zorkaltsevskaya secondary school" of the Tomsk region.

Tasks:

• study of the structure of the stem of plants
• dyeing white flowers in different colors

Object of study: absorption of food coloring.
Subject of study: tulip, rose, chrysanthemum, carnation
Research hypothesis: yellow tulip, white rose, white carnations, white chrysanthemums will turn into the color of food coloring.
Research methods: experiment and observation.
The stem of the plant is the axial part of the shoot, consisting of nodes and internodes. The main role of the stem in the life of the plant is the supporting (mechanical), because the stem contains leaves, buds, flowers, sporulation organs. On the stem, the leaves are optimally arranged so that photosynthesis can be carried out with maximum productivity. Also no less important is the function of the plant stem as an intermediary between leaves and roots, that is, conductive. The stem acts as a link between the root system, through which water with minerals enters the plant, and the leaves, where synthesis takes place. organic matter. The conductive tissues of the stem, leaves and roots form a single structure that ensures the movement of substances in the plant body. Thus, the main functions of the stem are supporting and conducting. The stem of flowering plants has vascular vessels and sieve tubes through which water and mineral salts rise up into the flower. In roses and carnations, the stem is dense, water and mineral salts enter the leaves and flowers much more slowly. A tulip has a tubular stem with hollow sieve tubes, so the movement of water and minerals is faster.
Practical work
Artificial color change of flower petals.
Purpose: obtaining tulips, roses, carnations, chrysanthemums of different colors
I diluted the food coloring and lowered the flower stalks there, after making a cut of the stem. The tall glass was filled halfway with water. Pour 2 teaspoons of dye into a glass of water and stir well. The water must be saturated. If the water turns out to be slightly colored, then I will add more food coloring to get dark color. Then I added 2 tablespoons of sugar and stirred to melt. Sugar will help the dye to quickly rise through the capillaries and the rose will begin to show color faster.
The stem of the rose was cut with a knife at an angle, holding it under running water. This way of cutting the stems allows the capillaries to remain open and receptive to food coloring. Prepared roses immediately put in colored water. Roses should stand in tinted water for at least three days to appear color shades. The more the rose is in the colored water, the more colorful the petals will be.
The petals of the carnations turned orange and blue on the 4th day.
On the 2nd day, the tulips turned green.
On the 5th day, the roses turned blue.
On the 6th day, the chrysanthemums turned pink.
Conclusion: tulip petals turned faster, then carnations, then roses, and
chrysanthemums were the last to be painted. Experience has shown that food intake
dye with water depends on the structure of the stem.
Literature:
1. Journal "Biology at school", M. Education, 2009
2. Children's magazine "Chemical experiments at home", M., Bustard, 2011
3. http://goodmagic.ru/iskusstvennoe-okrashivanie-tsvetov
4.http://secret-
5.http://munok.3dn.ru/publ/fokusy/khimicheskie_fokusy/iskusstvennoe_okrashivanie_cvet

IXcity ​​scientific and practical conference of students

"The science. Nature. Man. Society."

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution

"Gymnasium"

Direction : natural Sciences and modern world

"Magic flowers!"

Artist: Radzievsky Yaroslav Dmitrievich,

Student 4 "a" class MBOU "Gymnasium"

Head: Karavaeva Lyudmila Leonidovna,

primary school teacher, superior category

MBOU "Gymnasium"

Yugorsk

2014

annotation

Flowers for March 8 - one of the most desired gifts for every woman. But you can give a bouquet of unusual flowers, the petals of which are painted in bright colors.

How is this possible? Everything is quite simple!

It is accepted that they give tender and beautiful tulips. Besides, in flower shop you can find any other flowers:.

The variety of bouquets that can be given on March 8 is simply amazing! But you can make an unusual bouquet and give amazing bright flowers. To do this, it is enough to use the technique of artificial coloring of flowers.

Table of contents

Introduction

Main part. 6

Conducting an experiment on the movement of water in plants. 7

The study of the structure of the stem of a plant in an experiment with celery. eight

Experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors. nine

Explanation of experiments. eleven

The results of my experiments with coloring white flowers. eleven

Based on my experiences, I will tell you in more detail how to paint a flower. thirteen

Rainbow roses. fourteen

Conclusion 15

References 17

INTRODUCTION

International Women's Day is coming soon. I thought about how I could surprise my mother and grandmother. And with this question he turned to the World Wide Web. There I found a huge number of ideas, but one struck me and surprised me with its simplicity, beauty and extraordinaryness. These are flowers of unusual colors.

Target:
Getting tulips, roses, carnations, chrysanthemums of different colors.

Tasks:

The study of the structure of the stem of a plant on experience with celery.

Find information about the topic of the project, reading additional literature and reference material.

Try to get from white flowers, a bouquet of unusually colored flowers.

Create an album and use in the lessons " The world».

Object of study: Absorption of food coloring.

Subject of study: Rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, tulip.

Hypothesis: White roses, chrysanthemums and carnations will turn into the color of food coloring.

Research methods:

Theoretical:

Comparison, comparison;

Observation;

Generalization.

Empirical:

Study of literature;

Experimentation;

Generalization, conclusion.

Practical significance of the study:

Artificial color change of flower petals.

This work can be used in the lessons "The world around" in primary school.

Overview of information sources:

The book "Cognitive Experiences at School and at Home" describes experiments with colors white color, these experiments show how water moves along the stems of plants and how it enters the leaves. They give amazing results. In the books: “I want to know everything!: The Big Illustrated Encyclopedia of Intelligence”, it tells about the “mysterious” color of flowers, various experiments are carried out. On the Internet, a huge selection of information is given on the topic of my project, based on the knowledge gained, I was able to get an unusual color, a “magic” color of flowers, using the technique of artificial coloring.

Main part.

It is accepted that tender and beautiful tulips are given on March 8. In addition, in the flower shop you can find any other flowers:orchids, daisies, gerberas, roses, chrysanthemums, mimosa, lilies. The variety of bouquets that can be given is simply amazing. But you can make an unusual bouquet and give amazing bright flowers on March 8th. To do this, it is enough to use the technique of artificial coloring of flowers. Naturally, the question immediately arises: how to paint flowers?

But for this I had to first study the structure of the stem and conduct experiments.

The stem of the plant is the axial part of the shoot, consisting of nodes and internodes. The main role of the stem in the life of the plant is the supporting (mechanical), because the stem contains leaves, buds, flowers, sporulation organs.

On the stem, the leaves are optimally arranged in such a way that photosynthesis is carried out with maximum productivity. Also no less important is the function of the plant stem as an intermediary between leaves and roots, that is, conductive.

The stem acts as a link between the root system, through which water with minerals enters the plant, and the leaves, where organic substances are synthesized. The conductive tissues of the stem, leaves and roots form a single structure that ensures the movement of substances in the plant body.

Thus, the main functions of the stem are supporting and conducting. The stem of flowering plants has vascular vessels and sieve tubes through which water and mineral salts rise up into the flower.

In roses and carnations, the stem is dense, water and mineral salts enter the leaves and flowers much more slowly. And in a tulip, the stem is tubular with hollow sieve tubes, so the movement of water and minerals is faster.

Conducting an experiment on the movement of water in plants.

This experiment will show how water moves along the stems of plants and how it gets into the leaves.

Would need:

Pour 100 g of water into the bottom of the glass and add 1 tsp. spoon

dye. Put the flowers in a glass.

The more paint you add to the water, the thicker

there will be color on the petals.

The tinted water is absorbed by the stem of the plant and

rises to the flower. First a new shade appeared

only at the tips of the petals. Three days later, almost all the flowers

will be "repainted".

Flowers with short stems are stained

faster than long, in which the water has to travel a longer distance.

In some plants, such as celery, you can quite clearly see the channels through which water flows. Having done this experience, we will see them even better.

Would need:

Cup;

Celery greens;

Water;

Food coloring;

Pour some water into a glass and add 1 tsp. a spoonful of food coloring Put the branches in the water. Watch every hour for celery.

To sustain life, the plant needs to provide water to its leaves. Through the vessels inside the stem, it draws red water up.

In celery, the vessels in the stem are wide, so it is clearly visible that they, like the leaves, have turned red.

How do plants get water?

Most plants absorb water from the soil through their roots, which have tiny holes in them. Water rises to the leaves through vessels in the stem calledxylems. Water that is not needed by the plant evaporates through holes in the leaves, calledstomata. The flow of water in plants is calledtranspiration.

Experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors.

Coloring flowers in various unusual shades is always done by breeders. . Thanks to their work, we can admire tea roses, unusually beautiful gladioli, striped chrysanthemums and dahlias. Almost all flowers are the result of selection.

I really liked this idea, I wanted to change the color of the plant myself. To do this, it was only necessary to stock up on some patience and certain materials.

Having done this experience, we can draw a conclusion about the movement of water in plants.

For this experiment you will need:

White flowers (rose, carnations, chrysanthemum);

Food coloring in different colors;

Knife.

We act in this way:
1. Fill the containers (where we will put the flowers) with water.
2. Add food coloring of the same color to each of them.
3. Set aside one flower, and cut the stems of the rest of the flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only a sharp knife.

The stem should be cut obliquely by 2 centimeters at an angle of 45 degrees in warm water. When moving flowers from water to containers with dyes, try to do it as quickly as possible, holding the cut with your finger, because. upon contact with air in the micropores of the stem, air locks that prevent water from passing freely along the stem.

4. Place one flower in each dye container.

5. Now let's take the flower that we put aside. We cut its stem lengthwise from the center into two parts. Repeat with it the procedure described in paragraph 3. After that, place one part of the stem in a container with a dye, for example, blue, and the other part of the stem in a container with a dye of another color.

6. Let's wait until the colored water rises up the stems of the plants and colors their petals in different colors. This will happen in about 24 hours.

After a day of coloring!

At the end of the experiment, examine each part of the flower (stem, leaves, petals) to see the path of the water.

Conclusion: Experience has shown that the intake of food coloring with water depends on the structure of the stem.

Based on my experiences, we can conclude about the movement of water in plants!

Explanation of experiences:
Water enters the plant from the soil through the root hairs and young parts of the roots and is carried through the vessels throughout its aerial part. With moving water, minerals absorbed by the root are carried throughout the plant. The flowers that we use in the experiment are devoid of roots. However, the plant does not lose the ability to absorb water.

This is possible due to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the sucking force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved mineral and organic compounds from the root system to the aboveground plant organs.

Plants have two types of vessels. Vessels-tubules, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from the bottom up - from the roots to the leaves. Nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis go from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is at its center. Such a system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The device of this system seems to be in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower.

The results of my experiments with coloring white flowers:

White Rose

The shade began to appear Less than a day later, the rose became soft blue.

after 1-2 hours.

white chrysanthemum

Literally, it began to appear before our eyes. Less than a day was enough for coloring a red tint, in the middle of the flower. chrysanthemums in red.

white bush carnation

Coloring took less than a day. Bright colors are more pronounced. After two days, the color of the flowers has not changed.

. For work, you should take only fresh flowers. The longer a flower stands, the worse it will stain. You should also pay attention to the color of the petals. With red or darker flowers, it is impossible to achieve the desired result, so these plants should not be taken. White or cream flowers work best. From the whole variety of flowers, you can choose roses, tulips, carnations and chrysanthemums for coloring flowers. You can also experiment with any other white colors.

For coloring flowersfood coloring should be used .

But not everything is so simple here either. Do not use any food coloring, especially the one that is used to color the icing on cakes. Use a dye that will completely dissolve in water, coloring it. Dilute the dye in water at room temperature. The more dye you dilute in water, the faster the flowers will turn.

Please note that younot only the petals of the flower will be colored,but also its leaves and stem. It will take much longer to color a woody stem like a rose. But the soft stems of tulips are painted very quickly. Also, do not forget that staining always occurs unevenly. The thick veins through which water flows are the first to be stained. Only then comes the full color of the flower.

On the Internet, I saw an extraordinary beautiful roses and learned that these flowers are called rainbow roses and can rightly be called the most unique flowers.
After all, their petals are painted in various colors. In one bud, there can be yellow, pink, blue, green, red, purple, that is, almost the entire set of the rainbow.

Such a variety of colors creates an absolutely incredible feeling. It is thanks to this variety of colors that it got its name.

The rainbow rose comes from Holland. They were created by Peter Van De Werken, who is an ingenious Dutch flower designer, with his assistants.

The way to get this plant was quite long. Rainbow roses were not bred through breeding work. They are obtained by coloring.

According to this technology, various floral dyes are added to its individual capillaries even during the period of flower growth.
It is thanks to this technology that rainbow roses were obtained. Unlike those that were previously painted by spraying paint, the plants are bred using this technology, they do not paint their hands.

Surely everyone will like rainbow roses. In any case, they will leave an indelible impression in your memory.

I really wanted to repeat this experiment, but you cannot use any paint to grow this flower. It has a certain composition, which is currently known only to one Dutch company.

By the way, it is this company that distributes rainbow roses all over the world.

Bouquets of rainbow roses painted in the color of the flag different countries!

Conclusion.

My research work was very interesting and exciting. Having studied literary sources and Internet resources, I learned that you can getunusual color, "magic" coloring flowers, using the technique of artificial coloring.

Based on theoretical knowledge, I conducted a study on the movement of water in plants,in practice, he studied the structure of the stem of a plant in an experiment with celery.Conducted an experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors, using artificial coloring with food coloring.

Got myself outwhite flowers, a bouquet of unusually colored flowers togive amazing bright flowers to your beloved mother and grandmother on March 8!

With the help of the knowledge gained, I created an album: "Magic Flowers" to get acquainted with the wonderful flowers and unusual shades of the resulting bouquets in the lesson "The World Around".

proceedingFrom my observations, I concluded:

The main functions of the stem are supporting and conducting. The stem of flowering plants has vascular vessels and sieve tubes through which water and mineral salts rise up into the flower.

Experiments have shown that the intake of food coloring with water depends on the structure of the stem.

Coloring fresh flowers is not a very difficult task. The main thing isstick to some rules:

After reaching the desired color of the petals, the flower should be removed from the solution and placed in clean water so it stays for a few more days.

Not all flowers are suitable for artificial coloring. For work, you should take only fresh flowers. The longer a flower stands, the worse it will stain.

When moving flowers from water to containers with dyes, try to do it as quickly as possible, holding the cut with your finger, because. upon contact with air, air plugs are formed in the micropores of the stem, preventing water from passing freely along the stem.

Never pinch the stem while cutting.

Color flowers only at room temperature.

If you apply this simple coloring method, you will definitely have the brightest and most unusual flowers on March 8th.

Try it you will definitely like these bouquets !

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Journal "Biology at school", M. Education, 2009.

Children's magazine "Chemical experiments at home", M., Bustard, 2011.

The Big Book of Experiments for Schoolchildren / Ed. Antonella Meyani; Per. with it. E. I. Motyleva - Moscow: CJSC "Publishing house" ROSMEN-PRESS "", 2005.-260 p.

Cognitive experiences at school and at home / Ed. Alistair Smith; Per. from English. V. A. Zhukov - Moscow: Rosmen-Izdat LLC, 2001. -96 p.

"I am a researcher": Workbook for younger students. - 2nd ed., Rev. - Samara: Publishing house "Educational literature": Publishing house "Fedorov", 2008. - 32 p.: ill.

Site addresses:

Application No. 1

RESEARCH PLAN

The content of the work

Timing

implementation

Definition of the research topic.

January 2014

Collection of information from various literary sources and the Internet.

January March

select best recipes for practical research.

January

Conducting an experiment on the movement of water in plants.

The study of the structure of the stem of a plant in an experiment with celery.

Experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors.

Explanation of experiments.

The results of my experiments with coloring white flowers

Rainbow roses.

Formulation of a conclusion from the knowledge gained in practice.

Creating a presentation using a computer program: "powerpoint2007".

Creating an album for the lesson: "The world around"

Thinking through the display of experiments for your presentation.

Preparation and defense of the study.

March

State educational institution

"Secondary school No. 14 of Pinsk"

Design and research work

4th grade student

Supervisor

Kosyak Maria Nikolaevna,

primary school teacher

Pinsk, 2016

Introduction ………………………………………………………………….3 CHAPTER 1……………………………………………………… …………......41.1. The role and meaning of flowers in our life ……………………………….4

1.2. How to make flowers special? Color it! ……………………..5

CHAPTER 2…………………………………………………………………..6

2.1. Experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors ……..6

CHAPTER 3 …………………………………………………………………..8

3.1.Rainbow roses………………………………………………………….8

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………......9

List of used sources …………………………………..10

Application ……………………………………………………………...11

Introduction

For Christmas, I was given a book called Fun Science Experiments for Kids. There I found a huge number of ideas, but one struck me and surprised me with its simplicity, beauty and unusualness. These are flowers of unusual colors. Who can be surprised today with a red rose or a white carnation? And if they are blue, green or purple? I decided to surprise my mother and grandmother on International Women's Day with "magic" flowers.

I believe that my topic is relevant, because in our time, flowers are a small value. Now is the age computer games, cell phones, technology, and there is very little space left for flowers. I think that this is a consequence of a misunderstanding that flowers are also an important gift. People give flowers with all their hearts to express their emotions, to convey that beauty that cannot be expressed in words.

Subject of research: white flowers.

The purpose of the study: obtaining flowers of different colors.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set:

to study the literature and collect information on the topic of the project;

check empirically which flowers can be painted in other colors;

experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors.

Hypothesis: White flowers will turn the color of food coloring.

Research methods - study of literature on the topic, collection and selection of information on the Internet, experimentation, observation, comparison, comparison, generalization.

The practical significance of the study is an artificial change in the color of flower petals; this work can be used in the lessons "Man and the World" and fine arts in elementary grades.

Chapter 1

1.1. The role and meaning of flowers in our life

Flowers have always been given a special place in the life of every person. Already in ancient times, the concepts of love, feelings of happiness and positive mood were associated with them. In ancient times, in order to give flowers, it was not necessary to wait holiday. They were given for no reason on the most ordinary days, because they believed in the magical effect of flowers, which makes a person carefree and cheerful. Thanks to flowers, patients got rid of diseases much faster.

Nature has created about two thousand of the most diverse different types plants that differ from each other in appearance. Each of them is a unique plant, beautiful and unique. Flowers have an exceptional ability to give others joy and a sea of ​​optimism.

Flowers in all their diversity not only decorate our lives, give their exquisite and light fragrance, but also purify the air, saturating it with oxygen. According to scientists, flowers neutralize negative energy and charge everything around with positive energy.

It is enough to remember how happy the people who received flowers from you as a gift were, how their eyes shone with happiness. (Appendix 1)

Modern medical statistics indicate that every second person is exposed to a serious influence of stress, which negatively affects both the state of his physical health and his peace of mind. Flowers are meant to help people deal with everyday stress. Beautiful bouquets with a fresh, delicate aroma will give you a boost of energy and a sense of satisfaction from life, set your thoughts in a positive way.

Flowers are an integral part of a positive outlook on the world, they create comfort and beauty in the house.

1.2. How to make flowers special? Color it!

Agree, any flowers are beautiful in themselves. But sometimes we still want to add to natural beauty a little originality and imagination, not only to please a person beautiful bouquet but also surprise him. And it's pretty easy to do so. To give your favorite colors an unusual shade, you can use one of several existing methods for coloring flowers.

How can you make flowers change color?

First, create special growing conditions for them. True, this is a way for experienced breeders. Thanks to their work, we can admire tea roses, unusually beautiful gladioli, striped chrysanthemums and dahlias. (Annex 2)

Secondly, reduce or increase the acidity of the soil: less acidic soil is a prerequisite for a change in color to pink, and then to blue and blue. This method is effective for coloring hydrangeas and chrysanthemums.

Thirdly, you can cover the flowers with a special coloring composition from a spray bottle.

Fourth, dye with chemicals. Hold the flower whose color you want to change over a mixture of ammonia and sulfuric ether.

Fifth, put the cut flowers in water dyed with food coloring, which will give them color.

The last method - tinting - is the easiest and most common. With it, you can color the flowers in the desired shade and at home.

Chapter 2

2.1. Experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors

I really liked the idea of ​​coloring flowers at home with food coloring. I wanted to change the color of the plant myself. To do this, it was only necessary to stock up on some patience and certain materials.

For this experiment you will need:

white flowers (tulip, carnation, chrysanthemum, rose);

food colorings;

We act in this way:
1. Fill the containers (where we will put the flowers) with water. (Annex 3)
2. Add food coloring to each of them.
3. We cut the stems of the flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only a sharp knife.

You need to cut the stem obliquely by 2 centimeters at an angle of 45 degrees in warm water. When moving flowers from water to containers with dyes, try to do it as quickly as possible, holding the cut with your finger, because. upon contact with air, air plugs are formed in the micropores of the stem, preventing water from passing freely along the stem.

4. Place one flower in each dye container.

5. Let's wait until the colored water rises up the stems of the plants and colors their petals. (Annex 4)

After reaching the desired color of the petals, the flower should be removed from the solution and put in clean water, so it will stand for a few more days.

I posted the results of coloring the flowers in a table. (Annex 5)

So, I concluded that tulips, chrysanthemums, carnations can be painted in other colors. The coloring time of flowers depends on the structure of the stem. The tulip has a tubular stem with hollow sieve tubes, so the water moves faster and the flower turns the color of the food coloring faster. In chrysanthemums and carnations, the stem is dense, water enters the leaves and flowers much more slowly, and therefore the coloring is less intense. It will take a lot more time to color the rose. Short-stemmed flowers bloom faster than long-stemmed ones. Coloring is always uneven. The thick veins through which water flows are the first to be stained. Only then comes the full color of the flower. Not only the petals of the flower are colored, but also its leaves and stem.

Not all flowers are suitable for artificial coloring. For work, you should take only fresh flowers. The longer a flower stands, the worse it will stain. You should also pay attention to the color of the petals. With red or darker flowers, it is impossible to achieve the desired result, so these plants should not be taken. White or cream flowers work best. From the whole variety of flowers, you can choose roses, tulips, carnations and chrysanthemums for coloring flowers. You can also experiment with any other white colors.

Food coloring should be used to color the flowers.

Dilute the dye in water at room temperature. The more dye you dilute in water, the faster the flowers will turn.

Cut off the flower stems with a sharp knife. Cuts should be made at a 45° angle and should be up to 2 cm long. If you are using roses, cut the stems in water. When you remove the rose stem from the water, press the cut with your finger so that it does not have contact with the air. Now put the prepared flowers overnight in a vase of water, in which the dye is diluted. In the morning you will see some changes. It will take you different time.

If desired, you can conduct several experiments with dyes. So, for this, some techniques are used that make it possible to create various color effects. You can leave the flower overnight in a container with dye of the same color. Then in the morning change the water and color of the dye. See how intricately the flower petals will be painted. You can also use the same color of the dye, but change its concentration in water. Thus, you can get either a very bright flower, or delicate soft shades of petals.

For interesting flower coloring effects, try splitting the stem along the stem from the base up 10-12 cm. Then quickly dip half of the stem into a beaker of one dye color, and the other half into a beaker of another color (the glasses are next to each other). Also, the base of the stem can be divided into 4-6 parts, which will make it possible to experiment with a large number of colors and the opportunity to get some unusual color combinations.

Chapter 3

3.1. rainbow roses

On the Internet, I saw unusually beautiful roses and learned that these flowers are called rainbow roses and can rightly be called the most unique flowers. After all, their petals are painted in various colors. In one bud, there can be yellow, pink, blue, green, red, purple, that is, almost the entire set of the rainbow. Such a variety of colors creates an absolutely incredible feeling. It is thanks to this variety of colors that it got its name. (Annex 6)
The rainbow rose comes from Holland. They were created by Peter Van de Werken, who is a brilliant Dutch flower designer, with his assistants.
The way to get this plant was quite long. Rainbow roses were not bred through breeding work. They are obtained by coloring. According to this technology, various floral dyes are added to its individual capillaries even during the period of flower growth. It is thanks to this technology that rainbow roses were obtained. Unlike those that were previously painted by spraying paint, the plants are bred using this technology, they do not paint their hands.
Surely everyone will like rainbow roses. In any case, they will leave an indelible impression in your memory.
I really wanted to repeat this experiment, but you cannot use any paint to grow this flower. It has a certain composition, which is currently known only to one Dutch company.
By the way, it is this company that distributes rainbow roses all over the world.

Conclusion

My research work was very interesting and exciting. Having studied literary sources and Internet resources, I learned that it is possible to obtain an unusual color, a “magic” color of flowers, using the technique of artificial coloring.

Based on theoretical knowledge, I conducted an experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors using artificial coloring with food coloring.

As a result, I received a bouquet of unusually colored flowers to give amazing bright flowers to my beloved mother and grandmother on March 8th. (Annex 7)

With the help of the acquired knowledge, I created a creative album-presentation "Magic Flowers" to get acquainted with the wonderful flowers and unusual shades of the resulting bouquets in the lessons "Man and the World" and fine arts.

Based on my observations, I concluded: coloring fresh flowers is not a very difficult task. The main thing is to follow the recommendations for coloring flowers.

If you apply this simple coloring method, you will definitely have the brightest and most unusual flowers on March 8th.

Try it, you will definitely like these bouquets!

List of sources used

Funny scientific experiments for children / Egor Belko; OOO

« Publishing house "PITER", 2015.-63s.

Cognitive experiences at school and at home / Ed. Alistair Smith; Per. from English. V. A. Zhukov - Moscow: Rosmen-Izdat LLC, 2001. -96 p.

http://ejka.ru/blog/fokus/1749.html.

http://strana-sovetov.com/ .

http://goodmagic.ru/iskusstvennoe-okrashivanie-tsvetov

http://munok.3dn.ru/publ/fokusy/khimicheskie_fokusy/iskusstvennoe_okrashivanie_cvet.

Appendix

Appendix 1

Flowers are an important gift

Annex 2

unusual flowers

Appendix 3

Coloring white flowers

Appendix 4

magic flowers

Annex 5

Color results

Name	Time to first results (h)	Intensity
tulips
chrysanthemums
Carnation

low intensity

Average intensity

high intensity

Appendix 6

rainbow roses

Rainbow roses in the color of the national flags of the countries of the world

Annex 7

Introduction

In nature there is a special wonderful world, bewitching with its beauty, unusual forms and mystery - the world of flowers. The presence of flowers in Everyday life of a person brings brightness and color and complements its essence. Flowers personify the beauty, joy and perfection of nature in people. People always decorate with these amazing gifts of nature the festive, solemn days of their lives, and everyday life.

Since ancient times, flowers have been considered beautiful plant and adornment of people's lives. A man decorated his dwelling with various plants, trying to bring home a piece of wildlife. Someone plants flowers to create a special microclimate in a city apartment, having learned from school that plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, thereby improving the composition of the air. In addition, they moisturize it by evaporating moisture from the surface of the leaves, which is why it is so easy to breathe among plants. Others breed flowers purely for their beauty. Flowers have always been associated with love, joy, good mood and cheerfulness.

Among national characteristics of the Belarusian people, which cannot but attract attention is the commitment to fresh flowers, to growing, breeding, caring, and widely using them as decoration.

The world of flowers, with their endless variety of colors and shapes, enchanting beauty, the sublime feelings they awaken in a person, have always been an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets of all times. Our gaze will quickly find blue flowers cornflower, yellow-eyed daisies, fluffy clover inflorescences, bright yellow dandelions. This motley and fragrant variety of colors creates the atmosphere of a holiday of spring and summer.

The object of my research: absorption of food coloring.

Subject of study: white carnation and rose.

Purpose of the study: get a different color of a rose and carnation when interacting with a solution of food coloring

Research methods: work with literary sources, theoretical analysis, empirical methods (experiment, comparison, observation), analytical (comparison of the obtained data), situation modeling.

Tasks:

1. To study the structure of the plant stem based on the analysis of literature on the topic;

2. Conduct an experiment and compare artificial coloring with natural species diversity;

3. Find out the practical significance of the ability to absorb water by plants without roots.

hypothesesa: white carnations will turn the color of the food coloring.

Chapter 1. Theoretical part

1.1 Description of the object of study

The generic Latin name Dianthus comes from the Greek. δῖος - "divine"" and ἄνθος - "flower": flower of Zeus, Jupiter; given to the plant by K. Linnaeus for beautiful flowers

Flowers solitary or 2-3 at the ends of branches. Calyx cylindrical or cylindrical-conical, with numerous longitudinal veins and (1)2-4(5) pairs of scaly, overlapping imbricate bracts. Petals five, with long claws and toothed, fringedly dissected, occasionally entire limb. Stamens ten. There are two columns.

The fruit is a cylindrical capsule, sessile or on a short carpophore, single-celled, opening with four teeth. Seeds numerous, flattened, oval, black, small-obtuse.

About 300-350 species in Europe, Asia, Africa, and partly in North America. The genus is most richly represented in the Mediterranean. Many species have been introduced into cultivation as ornamental plants and sometimes naturalized.

Some types of carnations are cultivated as annuals and bloom in the year of sowing, while others are biennials, that is, in the year of sowing they develop only rosette leaves and bloom in the second year. Numerous hybrids are currently used in ornamental horticulture. This plant was especially popular in the Soviet Union, where these flowers became a symbol of the October Revolution, and later victory in the Great Patriotic War.

Some researchers claim that the smell of cloves "helps smooth out internal contradictions" and "stimulates positive emotions."

1.2 Why do petals change color?

Water enters the plant from the soil through the root hairs and young parts of the roots and is carried through the vessels throughout its aerial part. With moving water, minerals absorbed by the root are carried throughout the plant. The flowers that we use in the experiment are devoid of roots. However, the plant does not lose the ability to absorb colored water. This is possible due to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the sucking force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved mineral and organic compounds from the root system to the aboveground plant organs.

Plants have two types of vessels. Vessels-tubules, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from the bottom up - from the roots to the leaves. Nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis go from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is at its center. Such a system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The structure of this system is similar in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower. slice.gif

Damage to the vessels can kill the plant. That is why it is impossible to spoil the bark of trees, since the vessels are close to it ...

Chapter 2. Practical part

2.1 Color fresh flowers (experiment description)

For the experiment we need:

any flowers with white petals, I used white roses and carnations.

Containers for water, such as glasses.

food coloring in different colors

· knife

water

Work plan:

1. Filled the containers with water.

3. Set aside one flower, and cut the stems of the rest of the flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only a sharp knife. You need to cut the stem obliquely by 2 centimeters at an angle of 45 degrees in warm water. Flowers were moved from water to containers with dyes as quickly as possible, holding the cut with a finger, because. upon contact with air, air plugs are formed in the micropores of the stem, preventing water from passing freely along the stem.

4. Placed one flower in each dye container.

5. They took the flower that they put aside. They cut (split) its stem along from the center into two parts. The procedure described in paragraph 3 was repeated with it. After that, one part of the stem was placed in a container with a dye (green), and the other part of the stem was placed in a container with a dye of another color (red).

6. They waited until the colored water rose up the stems of the plants and dyed their petals in different colors. It took about 4 days in total. At the end of the experiment, do not forget to examine each part of the flower (stem, leaves, petals) to see the path of water.

2.2 Explanation of experience (conclusion):

Water enters the plant from the soil through the root hairs and young parts of the roots and is carried through the vessels throughout its aerial part. With moving water, minerals absorbed by the root are carried throughout the plant. The flowers that we use in the experiment are devoid of roots. However, the plant does not lose the ability to absorb water. This is possible due to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the sucking force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved mineral and organic compounds from the root system to the aboveground plant organs.

Plants have two types of vessels. Vessels-tubules, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from the bottom up - from the roots to the leaves. Nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis go from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is at its center. Such a system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The structure of this system is similar in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower.

Damage to the vessels can kill the plant. That is why it is impossible to spoil the bark of trees, since the vessels are close to it.

Conclusion:

This research paper consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography and an appendix.

In the first chapter, the literature on the research topic was studied and analyzed, the structure and history of the emergence of chrysanthemums, as well as the reasons for changing the color of the petals, were studied.

In the second chapter, a technology for coloring fresh flowers was developed. Recommendations for coloring flowers are given. The experiment was carried out at home with parents.

The tasks assigned to us have been fulfilled.

In my future work, I plan to color the flower in more colors, get a blue rose.

Is it easy to mix colors? Of course yes! When you mix red and yellow, you get orange, and when you mix blue and yellow, you get green. Everything seems very simple, because in practice we have done this many times. Mixing the colors is easy, but is it possible to separate? Let's do simple color experiments together.

It turns out that this is possible. In order to find out what colors it consists of, for example, black or purple can be used scientific method, called chromatography. Chromatography was discovered by the Russian scientist Mikhail Semenovich Tsvet. It turned out to be a funny coincidence: the scientist studied colors and his last name is Tsvet.

The essence of the method is that water dissolves in different ways various substances and paints. Molecules of some substances "swim" faster than others. Chromatography is used for various purposes. Blood analysis is done with its help, and crimes are solved, new medicines are invented, water is purified, and even smells are cut. Chromatography "can do" a lot of useful things. Today we will do a simple napkin experiment that will demonstrate this scientific method. For you today color experiments for kids. With flowers will be in: yes: another time.

What is black made of?

To answer this question, we need:

Please note that the napkin, on which the ring was drawn with a black felt-tip pen, did not turn black, but different colors appeared on it. The same can be said about a napkin with a purple ring.

It turns out that using the chromatography method, we were able to see what colors black, purple, brown and other complex colors consist of. I want to note that felt-tip pens from different manufacturers can behave differently, and different colors can turn out.

From our simple experience, we can see that black is not just black, but a mixture of different colors.

After experimenting with napkins, we decided to do something similar on the fabric.

Chromatography on tissue

We did a series of tests and found that felt-tip pens make it easy and fun to create unique and amazing patterns on fabric. It's fascinating when an unusual pattern is formed from chaotic dots! Create a simple drawing from dots and lines different color- easily. We experimented with pieces of white fabric and regular felt-tip pens. But if we had waterproof felt-tip pens, then we would definitely decorate our T-shirts. So how did we do it?

For experiments used:

I haven't figured out what's wrong with these yet. patterns can be made. If you have any ideas, be sure to write. Such beauty cannot be wasted. Since we have an even bigger white sheet, I'm sure the chromatography experiments won't end there!

Successful experiments! Science is fun!