Presses have existed since Ancient Egypt, with their help squeezed out the grapes from which wine was made. Such units operate on a cyclic basis: the beginning of work is the loading of the product, and the end of work is the disposal of dry waste. In private households of the 21st century, presses are in demand, and they differ little in their principle from those that worked in the time of the pharaohs.
Types of structures and their principle of operation
A press that allows you to squeeze juice with high quality is necessary in a private household. Factory-made juicers do not have such advantages as a do-it-yourself press. The economic factor is also important good juicer from a branded manufacturer costs a decent amount. Press designs are divided according to the principle of pressing into the following types:
- mechanical;
- pneumatic;
- hydraulic.
And also, depending on the principle of energy that is used, the presses are represented by the following varieties:
- manual;
- electromechanical.
Important! It should also be taken into account the fact that vitamins in fruits and vegetables are fragile elements. Such compounds are quickly destroyed by contact with any metal.
It is worth considering an apple press as an example. The main unit of any unit is a special container with drilled holes in which cut raw materials are placed. In the professional dialect, the original mass is called "pulp". The juice flows down and falls into a special vessel. All parts that are in direct contact with the resulting product are made of wood. To increase the efficiency of the pomace, as well as to improve the quality of the resulting product, raw materials are loaded into the press in special fabric containers made of burlap, they are a kind of filter. The extrusion process itself takes place thanks to the use of special wooden gratings, which allows you to simultaneously use the entire working mass.
Many experts point out that the press is better to do it yourself. The price of the simplest devices is at least ten thousand rubles. It is important what material the unit is made of, what is its performance.
If the simplest hydraulic drive is used, then the price increases by almost 100%. If there is a membrane element in the press, then its cost will increase by 1000%.
How to make with your own hands?
To make a manual apple garden unit yourself, you will need tools such as:
- saws;
- various wooden elements;
- metal corners;
- bolts with nuts;
- hammers;
- keys;
- wire cutters;
- pliers.
You will also need a stainless steel sheet and wooden elements made of oak, birch, beech or alder. It is imperative to draw design drawings, and samples can be found on the Internet in the public domain. You will need a natural strong fabric with good filtering properties (burlap, cotton). Chipboard in such designs is not recommended, since this material is often impregnated with phenol and formaldehyde.
Manual homemade apparatus in the conditions of private households, it can be welded from iron, such an assembly is easy to quickly assemble on your own. For the stove, which is located at the bottom of the device, it is permissible to use a countertop. It is most rational to purchase a rotating mechanism on a trading platform that sells car parts.
Small hydraulic units are also common in households. The hydraulic press works on the principle of creating pressure due to liquid. In this case, the working cylinder is usually located vertically (sometimes there are horizontal modifications). A hydraulic jack has greater productivity and is capable of creating significant loads - at least one ton, which is quite enough for fruits. Hydraulic bottle jacks can a short time process large volumes of raw materials.
Hydraulic
The operation of the device is based on one of the main physical laws of Pascal. The main structural elements are two working chambers of a cylindrical configuration, which have different parameters. In a small container, increased fluid pressure is generated. It is fed through a special overpass into the chamber, which is much larger in size, thus causing pressure on the piston.
The piston is the main unit, which directly exerts a significant force on the mass loaded into the container. Most often, special oils are used as working fluids.
The hydraulic press can also work using a special elastic barrel. It will expand in volume under the influence of liquid. When expanding, the membrane acts on the raw material, which is folded into a perforated container. The hydraulic press can be connected to the water supply, the membrane expands in the perforated cylinder itself, which makes it possible to squeeze out all the liquid contents from the pulp as much as possible.
The pressure should correspond to 1.4–2.1 atmospheres, which corresponds to the technical data of the networks. If there are large volumes of material, then you will definitely need a press with an electric drive.
The collection container is lined with filters from the inside, raw materials are placed in it, covered with a cloth. A circle descends onto the outer part of the cover, it acts on the press when the rod moves. Required pressure can be created using the compressor. To collect juice, enameled dishes are most often involved, into which a special tube is sealed so that the product flows through it. A tank from a washing machine is often placed in the inner area.
It is also necessary to create additional perpendicular crossbars to give additional rigidity so that it is possible to place the container in the central part.
It is important to monitor the pressure, it should be distributed to all points of the pulp with equal effort.
The cavity can be filled with special filter envelopes that are placed flat. A special fixing round device (can be made of wood) is placed under the container so that the pressure cannot deform the main container. Without special efforts such a screw press is able to squeeze out up to two liters of fresh juice in 4-7 minutes. The material that perfectly withstands great pressure is burlap, and old nylon tights are also often used.
It should be noted that the design of the hydraulic unit, made independently, can be quickly adapted to solve the problem that is required at the moment. Such a device takes up a minimum of space. A home press is capable of creating pressure up to twenty tons to make juices, this is quite enough.
Screw
The screw unit has the ability to squeeze out up to three buckets of juice in one hour, which is quite enough for the needs of one family. Very convenient fixture This is a manual screw press. It does not have high performance, however, the unit can work quite efficiently. Often this type of press is done in private households. The screw mechanism can press from the upper plane with the help of a rotating screw.
If you design a press where there is a lower fixation, then more effort will be required, such an apparatus is more complex, in it the screw upper block only fixes the lid, no more. The main effort comes from below, the dynamic platform lifts the tank up.
If it is not possible to make a screw pair, then most often a jack is used. Bags of filter material are placed between the wooden elements. The product to be processed is placed between special wooden frames, the juice flows into a container.
The screw piston can be replaced with a plastic membrane, and a compressor can be connected so that the most difficult part of the work is done by air under pressure. Such a unit is called a pneumatic press. Often, car jacks are used to generate the required pressure; they can create a force of up to 3.5 tons. It can be mounted both from above and from below, which depends on the general structure of the unit itself.
The pressure is quite significant, which should be taken into account when choosing a fabric. It should be pretty solid. The advantage of such a unit is that there is no metal here. The tree can be anything, only non-coniferous, so as not to add too much flavor.
A rather original unit is also practiced, which is called a wedge press. The product is placed in a cone-shaped wooden container. Decreasing the angle with the moving wedges causes them to move towards the joint. The bag with the product is compressed, the juice, squeezing out, flows into the vessel. This press has the following advantages:
- the design is simple;
- economically viable;
- easy to store and install;
- fairly high performance;
- The unit is easy to disassemble, clean and dry.
An example is a press made in Turkey. The frame is made of cast iron and inner part plated with silver. The product is choked using a lever-type mechanism. The work is silent, it is possible to extract up to 75% of useful material from the product in a very short time. It is designed for pomegranate, apples, pears as well as citrus fruits.
Auger
Such presses operate on the principle of a meat grinder. They have a rotating axis, which is made like a spiral, due to which the processed mass in the tank is ground and gradually moves inside the unit. As a result, it rests against the grate, the new mass creates excess pressure from behind, and the juice is squeezed out. Such a device has the following advantages:
- lack of vibration and background noise;
- you can get juices from any vegetables and fruits;
- simplicity and reliability of the machine.
Citrus fruits are considered the most labor-intensive product. The screw unit crushes the contents of the fruit, the juice seeps through a special sieve. The cone-shaped configuration makes it possible to carry out all the work qualitatively, removing waste at the same time.
As a chopper, it is best to use a mechanical assembly in the form of a cylinder. Its walls should be made according to the principle of a grater. Using a similar element, the fruits become small crumbs within a few minutes. And there are also shredders that can operate from the electrical network, the productivity of such devices is high, but in a private household they are not very in demand.
The grinder can be a separate device or a block that is mounted in a press installation. The filter is made from several layers of burlap, as well as perforated plates and a wooden sieve.
Each type of fruit has its own technical indicators, respectively, different efforts are spent on processing a particular product. When working with a device such as a press, it should be borne in mind that the pressure builds up gradually, while some pauses are made. This approach makes it possible to maximize the opening of cellular capillaries, which in turn "takes out" all the useful components from the cellular tissue of the product.
The simple design of a home press makes it possible to squeeze up to 75% of juice from any product. To decide on the choice of a hydraulic jack, you should understand exactly what tasks need to be solved using it. This will tell you the design principle of a manual hydraulic press, as well as the level of pressure that it can create.
How to create a press for apples with your own hands, see below.
The end of summer, the beginning of autumn is the time for picking fruits, vegetables, apples, grapes. And if the harvest is large, then an ordinary electric juicer will not cope. In this case, you need a press to squeeze juice from fruits to give. Now there are a lot of offers on the network for various presses and crushers, hydraulic, screw, pneumatic, wooden, but the biggest disadvantage of these products is the high price. Making a juice press with your own hands is not difficult, you need small skills of a locksmith, welder. And the costs of homemade press for grapes or apples several times lower than purchased.
For the winemaker, such a device will facilitate his work and save a lot of time. The simplest version of a home press-juicer is based on squeezing juice from the pulp of fruits or vegetables. Previously, apples are crushed with special crushers, a grape crusher is used, and then juice is squeezed out of this mass. With this technology, pure juice without pulp comes out, ready for fermentation, or for pasteurization and further storage.
A simple do-it-yourself grape press
A screw press for grapes consists of: a base - a frame, a basket, a pressure device (shaft or jack), a pressing piston. Other options for manufacturing the device are also possible. When choosing a material, it is not necessary to follow the description exactly, and you can make your own drawings of a Persian.
Tools and materials for the press:
- Welding machine;
- Drill;
- Bulgarian;
- Tank - 50 liters;
- Metal channel 10-12 mm - 150 mm;
- Metal corner 40-50 mm - 3200 mm;
- Oak slats 40x25x400 mm - 50 pcs;
- Fabric - 1 sq.m;
- Jack - 1 pc;
- Faucet - 1 piece;
- Fishing line 2 mm - 3 m.
How to make a juice press
1. Frame. Foundation is one of the most important elements press, the frame must be a very strong structure, it bears all the load during operation. The side parts of the press are made of metal corners 85 mm high. The upper and lower parts of the frame must be made from a channel 70 cm long, you can further strengthen the structure by welding scarves between the corners and the channel. All parts are welded at all points of contact. 
If a screw press design is used, then a nut for the screw must be welded to the upper channel. In addition to the metal frame, you can use wooden planks, 5 cm thick. The boards are fastened with 10-12 mm studs and tightened with nuts. It is easier to make a wooden press, but the design does not withstand heavy loads; for a small crop, it is quite a suitable option. The finished frame must be sanded and painted with a special paint for metal. 
2. Tank for the press.
This design uses a stainless steel brew tank with a volume of 50 liters. A hole was drilled in the lower part of the boiler tank and a stainless steel tap was installed. Instead of a tank, you can use a regular pan right size. 
A lattice of oak slats is inserted into the container. The blanks are cut from an oak board (you can use a parquet board), their height is equal to the height of the pan. Along the edges at the ends of the rails, holes of 2-3 mm are drilled through them, a fishing line or stainless wire is passed through them. By connecting all the planks, you get a kind of basket. 
There should be a gap of 2-3 mm between the slats, through which fruit juice will ooze. You can do without a pan at all by connecting the boards with galvanized steel hoops and placing the basket on a tray into which the squeezed liquid will drain. 
As a pallet, a plastic pallet from a large flower pot or stainless steel kitchen sink. There is a design where the grape press is made frame, there is no basket in it, the cake is placed in the fabric between the drainage grates in several layers and choked. 
3.Piston. The piston for the press must be made from the remaining oak boards, folding them crosswise, draw a circle using a compass right size and cut electric jigsaw. Twist the rails with stainless steel screws or tie with copper, stainless wire. If the farm has a log, then you can saw off a circle of the required diameter and height. 
4. Power mechanism.
A jack or screw is used as a pressure mechanism in an apple press. A hydraulic car jack with a lifting capacity of 3 tons will be quite enough in a juice extractor. For more confident work, you can use jacks that create a force equal to more than 3 tons. The screw for the press is more difficult to find, and every motorist has a jack. Under the jack, you need to cut planks for laying during the spin cycle. 
5. Fabric for filtering. To filter the juice from apple fruits, you need a durable fabric that can pass moisture. The easiest option is to take a nylon sugar bag. Nylon, lavsan, propylene, polyester are also suitable for filtering, or use durable cotton material, dense linen, so as not to tear under pressure.
So, the manual fruit press is ready, how to squeeze the juice? Insert the basket into the tank, place the material to be filtered inside. Soft fruits, berries, citrus fruits are crushed without pre-treatment. Apples, carrots or other hard fruits must be crushed in a crusher or use pulp from a juicer, loaded into a basket, covered with a lid.
Install the jack, substitute the receiving container, open the tap and slowly press. Do not immediately try to squeeze out all the juice, you can damage the frame or the fabric will tear. Do three or four strokes, wait a while, then three or four more strokes, and so on. From one bucket of apple cake from a juicer, 3-4 liters of pure juice comes out, a little more from the crushed mass.
A large harvest of apples sometimes becomes a problem for the owners. Fruits cannot be stored for a long time, it is not always possible to sell or prepare for pet food. The way out of the situation is homemade preparations in the form of jam and juices. It will be easier to cook them if you use juicers and special homemade apple presses.
Presses for squeezing juice are:
- mechanical,
- hydraulic,
- Pneumatic,
- Electrohydraulic.
Purchased models, regardless of type, cannot cope with large volumes of fruit.
Therefore, most gardeners prefer to make a household apple press with their own hands.
Each type has its pros and cons. Mechanical is less productive, but the easiest to manufacture. Hydraulic ones have a more complex mechanism, but they are able to produce high-quality fruit puree. A pneumatic device requires a compressor, this affects the price of the device. But he is able to process a large amount of fruit in a short time.
The most efficient are electro-hydraulic models.
They work on a combination of electricity and hydraulics. Man's job is only to serve fruit. The minus of the device is the high cost of spare parts.
Most models provide pressure on the apple mass from above, but combined option has its differences:
- The screw device presses on the mass from top to bottom,
- Hydraulic jack - from the bottom up.
To make a juice press, you need to provide the following points:
- Juice container. You can use a tank or a large pot, and install a faucet at the bottom to drain,
- If used wooden barrel, then it should be from parquet slats,
- If a body is used washing machine, then it must be clean and sealed, free of rust and mold,
- The body of the device. The simplest option is a wooden lattice pyramid.
To ensure uniform juice extraction, finely chopped fruits are placed in clean bags, or they are shifted with a soft cloth. If this is not done, a do-it-yourself juice press will leave wet cake and a large amount of waste. You can cut apples with an ordinary knife or a special chopper. The device can be bought, but more often it is made independently and built into the pressing apparatus.
Screw homemade press
A properly assembled press is capable of squeezing up to 70% juice from apples. The output is dry cake. The screw apparatus works by rotating large blades, fastened with nuts, or jacks. The design of the hydraulic jack is more productive and does not require the use of great physical strength. Before you make a press, you need to prepare:
- bed,
- Housing for laying raw materials,
- wooden bars,
- pressure piston,
- Circle under the jack,
- working node,
- Tray or bowl.
Two are taken to make metal pipes to which the profile is welded. Most often it is done in the form of a crossbar. A small hole is made in it, to which a threaded head is welded to install the screw. A clamp or a supporting structure is welded to the pipes. A handle for rotation is installed on top of the screw, and an emphasis on the bottom. It is a wooden or metal circle. wooden case it is made of boards about 5 mm thick, they are pulled together with self-tapping screws with an anti-corrosion coating. The distance between the rails should not exceed 1 cm. The strips with the rails are bent in the form of a circle and fastened with bolts. A plastic basin with a hole for draining the juice is used as a pallet.
Option using a jack
It is more convenient to use car jacks for 2-3 thousand kg instead of a screw. A nut for fastening is no longer required here, and a home-made press from a jack is more powerful. The only difference in build is a sturdy frame that can withstand pressure. The jack is installed both from below and from above - it depends on the preferences of the user.
When the apparatus is ready, apples are placed in the container, and a wooden circle is placed below. This will maintain the integrity of the structure at high pressure.
Average productivity - 1.75 liters of juice in 5 minutes.
How to make a hydraulic press
For manufacturing you will need:
- Sanding machine,
- Welding machine,
- Capacity for 50-60 l,
- Drill,
- Metal pipes with wall thickness from 0.3 cm,
- Hydropress,
- Sturdy oak yards.
How to make a hydraulic press: a hole is drilled from the bottom of the tank and a crane is mounted to drain the juice. The container is inserted into a barrel assembled from boards or slats. The distance between them should not be less than 0.3 cm. It is recommended to fasten the barrel with galvanized steel. If a barrel without a casing is used, then it is placed on a pallet. It has a hole for draining the juice.
The base - a metal frame - must be strong, as it takes on the main pressure. It is made according to the same principle as for a screw press. Hydraulic Press it will become more stable with your own hands if 2-3 metal pipe cuts are welded to the bottom of the frame.
The piston can be a circle made of wood. The diameter should be slightly smaller than the juice container. It is made from two oak boards fastened with self-tapping screws. As a stop, a circle of the same diameter made of stainless metal is usually used. A hydraulic device is installed on the stop.
An elastic barrel can also be used as a press. It is connected to the water supply and expands under the pressure of water. The press presses on the apples, as a result of which juice is released.
Screw homemade press
The screw press resembles a meat grinder. It is powered by an electric motor that rotates a pulley with a belt drive. Raw materials are loaded into the feed chamber, the auger grinds it and pushes it through a sieve. At the exit, the screw press produces juice with pulp.
For homemade this is the hardest option. To assemble it, you will need drawings and diagrams, as well as:
- Robust stainless steel housing,
- Screw press, which is placed inside the body,
- Container for receiving raw materials,
- Juice container,
- Electric motor, giving from 1500 rpm.
The structure is assembled on a metal frame. As a housing, you can use the housing from a conventional or electric meat grinder. A screw press is installed in it, which is attached to the engine with the help of a drive. A sieve is mounted on the outlet with desired diameter cells. As a container for the finished juice, you can use jars, pans or basins.
The screw press has greater productivity, since it is not driven by manual force, but by an electric motor.
The productivity of such a machine is up to 7 liters of juice in 5 minutes.
If you have experience in making presses for apples and other fruits, share it in the comments to the article!
To process the crop harvested in the garden or in the vineyard, you need to buy a convenient press and crusher. Freshly squeezed juices are the basis for house wine- or delicious vegetable oil- all this is cheaper than in the store, and much tastier.
Exists different models presses, for various purposes and types, so we will be determined by several parameters:
- Hand press
- Hydraulic Press
- Pneumatic press
- Electric press
For summer residents, small hand-held screw presses that you can bring with you; transfer to any place of the site or house.
A hydraulic press consists of two communicating vessels, one of which is filled with water. The pressure of this container exerts a force that contributes to the secretion of juice. Hydraulics are suitable for processing significant volumes of raw materials; juices, cheeses, and even oils can be made from olives or other soft vegetable products.
The new juice presses have a simple but robust design. They are made of durable food-grade materials - stainless steel, aluminum, impact-resistant plastic, oak and beech wood. Working with a hydraulic press for berries and fruits does not require physical effort. Even a fragile girl can handle it.
The electric press is ideal for recycling a large number harvesting and preparing wine, oil or juices for sale. Owners of private wineries usually use electro-hydraulic models, which work very quickly and with the highest quality, but more expensive than any other.
Volume and materials.
An important parameter is the volume of the basket for laying raw materials. For homemade preparations and 10–20 bottles of wine, a 5–10 liter basket is enough. The garden bears fruit well, and drinks are sold or given to neighbors - pick up models from 20 to 50 liters. You probably won't need more.
From materials, metal and wood are ideal. Such presses are durable, easy to clean and withstand a huge number of raw material loads every season for several decades in a row. Pay attention to the connection of parts and places of application of effort - they must be strong and reliable.
How to buy a press and not overpay
Delight your loved ones with tasty and healthy drinks. In turn, we guarantee that the press will serve you for many years. Feedback from our clients is the most positive. They are convenient to use both at home or in the country, and in nature. With the help of a household juicer, you will process the entire crop without loss. Make preparations for the winter, which will be enough for your whole family and even neighbors. Natural juice is a key ingredient in mash for wine and moonshine.
Press - apparatus for making juice from fruit and berry pulp. You can order a press in our online store at a reasonable price. We work directly with foreign manufacturers, so you will not overpay intermediaries. All our products are tested, fully certified and have a 1 year warranty. Our managers have practical experience using all the presented models, so they will easily answer your questions. We carry out prompt delivery to Moscow and any other regions at a time and place convenient for you. Our customers have the opportunity to place orders without prepayment, paying upon delivery. If you have any questions or doubts, you can get additional advice on the site.
If you don't have an electric juicer, you can quickly and easily process a large apple crop into juice using a press. If you have basic skills in working with tools such as a grinder and a welding machine, making an apple press with your own hands at home will not be difficult.
For the press you will need:
How to make a do-it-yourself apple press from improvised materials
We will give the sequence of assembling an apple press from materials that were, as they say, at hand. And we will also tell you about the principle of work. You can choose or change the materials for the manufacture of the press, based on your capabilities.
frame
We will assemble the frame using a grinder and a welding machine from an old channel.
Such a channel usually goes to scrap metal. We will clean it with sandpaper from rust and weld the structure: perpendicular to each leg 70 cm long, we will weld a channel 60 cm long in the middle. We will connect the channel along the top with a 40 cm channel, and weld it at the bottom on both sides of the channel 46 cm each. A hole is cut out on the upper channel. The diameter depends on the diameter of the screw. We have a screw, as mentioned above, from an old workbench. The larger the diameter of the screw, the better (we have 25 mm). Then we put a ball from the bearing under the screw to reduce friction. We get the following base:
Stand
From wooden bars we make a stand - a square with a side of 35 cm and a height of 10 cm. The lattice is made of two layers of boards - one layer is perpendicular to the other, 10 mm thick - 30 cm by 30 cm.
Tray
For juice, you need to make a tray - a sheet of stainless steel metal. For convenience, the spout can be bent on the sheet. Place a pan under this spout. In the photo - the old aluminum pan, the first one that came to hand. Metal utensils are not recommended for apple juice, it is better to replace it with a plastic one.
Next, we make a shape for a handkerchief: a square of 25 cm and a thickness of 6 cm. Insert a 50 by 50 cm scarf into the frame, where we put the prepared apples (cake), bend the edges with an envelope and put it in the form. Then the form is taken out, the second lattice is laid on top. A form with grated apples is placed on it, etc. The amount depends on the height of the press. We put the saucepan. We start to turn the screw clockwise and get apple juice.
We prepare apples like this: wash, cut, grind on a crouper or pass through a vegetable cutter. To facilitate the work, a manual feed cutter of the factory type was mechanized. Converted to mechanical, drive and motor were taken from an old washing machine.
To enhance the juice extraction, an additional pipe was used, which was inserted into the screw handle. Thus, the press squeezes the cake to a dry state. Instead of a screw, you can use an automatic jack for 2-5 tons.
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