What are the fruits of coniferous plants. Coniferous tree with large needles - Pine

03.03.2020

Conifers are mostly evergreens, woody or shrubby, with needle-like leaves. The needles are needle-shaped, scaly or linear leaves. Conifers belong to the class of gymnosperms. In total, coniferous plants number about 600 species. It is difficult to list the names of all coniferous trees, but it is possible to provide a list of coniferous trees that are the most famous and widespread in our strip.

Pine is an evergreen coniferous tree that grows everywhere throughout Russia, is distinguished by long needles and unpretentiousness to natural conditions. Sunny pine groves are a real natural sanatorium.

- coniferous decorative tree from the cypress family, many varieties of thuja are widely cultivated for landscaping parks and private farms.

- in the wild it grows in the tropical zone, it is also successfully bred as an ornamental tree or shrub, the foliage differs from all previous conifers, the leaves on upward shoots are arranged spirally, on horizontal shoots - linear. Yew is very poisonous, only pitted berries are edible.

- coniferous shrub of the cypress family, used for ornamental gardening.

- a mighty tree of the North Ocean coast of America of the cypress family. Trees - centenarians from this genus live for several thousand years.

- a beautiful coniferous tree that grows wild in the mountains of China.

The above list of conifers describes plants, each of which has many species - these are just the most common conifers.

In addition to those listed, conifers include: cypress, hemlock, ginkgo, araucaria, libocedrus, pseudo-hemlock, cunningamia, cryptomeria, sciadopitis, sequoiadendron and many others.

Decorative and coniferous shrubs are widely used in the formation of landscape design. They differ in endurance and beautiful appearance.

We invite you to learn about the most common coniferous trees and shrubs that can be grown in various climatic conditions.

Names with photos and brief characteristics different cultures. Be sure to look at the photos of coniferous trees and shrubs that are shown at various stages of their development.

Coniferous trees: names and photos

Next, you see the names of coniferous trees that can grow in many regions of our country. There are many photos of coniferous trees from various angles. We hope that the names and photos of coniferous trees will help you make right choice seedlings for your garden.

FIR– ABIES

Flat needles are usually white or gray on the underside. Most species grow too tall for the average garden. The exceptions are the blue-gray Arizona Fir (A. arizonica) ‘Compacta’ - 2 m and the dwarf variety Balsam Fir (A. balsamea) ‘Hudsonia’ - 30cm

CEDAR — CEDRUS

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

Cedar of Lebanon (C. libani) is too large for the average garden, but there are dwarf and weeping varieties such as 'Nana' and 'Sargentii'. The Atlas cedar (C. atlantica) ‘Glauca’ 3 m high has blue-green needles, and the Himalayan Cedar (C. deodara) also has hanging shoots 3 m high - a lower variety ‘Golden Horizon’.

CYPARIS — CHAMAECYPARIS

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

A very popular genus. There are dwarf varieties for rockeries and tall trees for a large garden. Lawson's cypress (C. lawsoniana) is the most popular species; has many varieties - ‘Elwoodii’ (turns blue in winter time), ‘Minima Aurea’ (golden, dwarf variety) and ‘Lane’ (golden, columnar).

KUPRESSOCYPARIS — CUPRESSOCYPARIS

Reproduction: cuttings under glass in summer

Cupressocypress has replaced Lawson's cypress in coniferous hedges. It withstands heavy pruning. K. Leyland (C. leylandii) reaches a height of 10 m if it is trimmed, and a height of 20 m if left uncircumcised. Cut the hedge 3 times from late spring to early autumn.

CYPRESS— CUPRESSUS

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

Tie young trees to pegs and do not cut. There are columnar K. evergreen (C. sempervirens) 3 m high, and K. large-fruited (C. macrocarpa), also 3 m high, with a conical crown shape. Its popular yellow variety is ‘Goldcrest’.

LARCH — LARIX

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

This tree can grow in a country estate, but not in the average garden. It is one of the few deciduous conifers. In winter, it stands with bare branches, and in spring, bunches of needle-like leaves appear on them. European larch (L. decidua) in adulthood reaches a height of 25 m or more.

SPRUCE — PICEA

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

Norway spruce (P. abies) is a traditional tree. Serbian spruce (P. omorika) has a narrow conical crown, Norway spruce ‘Nidiformis’ is a 30 cm high dwarf with a flat top. There are also other colors - Prickly Spruce (P. pungens) is blue, and Eastern Spruce (P. orientalis) ‘Aurea’ 3.5 m high with yellow needles.

PINE — PINUS

Location: definitely sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

Most pines are too tall but there are slow growing and dwarf varieties. Scotch pine (P. sylvestris) has a number of cultivars and Black pine (P. nigra) is good tree for solo landing. Dwarf varieties include Mountain Pine (P mugo) 60cm tall and Weymouth Pine (P. strobus) ‘Nana’.

Coniferous shrubs: names and photos

And now get acquainted with such a magnificent group of plants as coniferous shrubs. On this page you see the names and photos of coniferous shrubs for landscape design. The photo of coniferous shrubs shows different kinds site design. The names of coniferous shrubs are given in common usage.

CRYPTOMERIA — CRYPTOMERIA

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

Japanese cryptomeria (C. japonica). Green leaves turn reddish-brown in winter. K. Japanese has a height of 6 m, but in maturity it can reach 25 m. ‘Elegans’ 3 m high has pinnate foliage; ‘Vilmoriniana’ is a popular dwarf variety for the rocky garden.

JUNIPER — JUNIPERUS

Location: sunny or partial shade
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

There are many types - creeping, such as Juniper horizontal (J.horizontalis); medium-sized shrubs like M. medium (J. media) ‘Pfitzerana’; and tall trees such as Juniper virginiana (J. virginiana) ‘Skyrocket’. You can find junipers with green, grey, blue or yellow leaves.

TISS — TAXUS

Location: sunny or partial shade
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

Slow growing conifers. Yew berry (T. baccata) 2 m high is a popular species for hedges. Variety ‘Fastigiata’ has a narrow-columnar shape of the crown; ‘Repandens’ is a 60cm tall dwarf. Yew medium (T. media) ‘Hicksii’ forms rounded bushes.

Decorative and coniferous shrubs are widely used in the formation of landscape design. They differ in endurance and beautiful appearance.

We invite you to find out what are the most common coniferous trees and shrubs that can be grown in various climatic conditions.

Coniferous trees: names and photos

Next, you see the names of what coniferous trees are that can grow in many regions of our country. There are many photos of coniferous trees from various angles. We hope that the names and photos of coniferous trees will help you make the right choice of seedlings for your garden.

FIR ABIES

CEDAR CEDRUS

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

Cedar of Lebanon (C. libani) is too large for the average garden, but there are dwarf and weeping varieties such as 'Nana' and 'Sargentii'. Atlas cedar (C. atlantica) ‘Glauca’ 3 m high has blue-green needles, and Himalayan Cera (C. deodara) also has hanging shoots 3 m high - a lower grade ‘Golden Horizon’.

CYPARIS CHAMAECYPARIS

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

A very popular genus. There are dwarf varieties for rockeries and tall trees for a large garden. Lawson's cypress (C. lawsoniana) is the most popular species; has many varieties - ‘Elwoodii’ (turns blue in winter), ‘Minima Aurea’ (golden, dwarf variety) and ‘Lane’ (golden, columnar).

KUPRESSOCYPARIS CUPRESSOCYPARIS

Reproduction: cuttings under glass in summer

CYPRESS CUPRESSUS

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

LARCH LARIX

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

SPRUCE PICEA

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

PINE PINUS

Location: definitely sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

Most pines are too tall but there are slow growing and dwarf varieties. Scotch pine (P. sylvestris) has a number of cultivars, and Black pine (P. nigra) is a good tree to plant alone. Dwarf varieties include Mountain Pine (P mugo) 60cm tall and Weymouth Pine (P. strobus) ‘Nana’.

Coniferous shrubs: names and photos

And now get acquainted with such a magnificent group of plants as coniferous shrubs. On this page you see the names and photos of coniferous shrubs for landscape design. The photo of coniferous shrubs shows various types of site design. The names of coniferous shrubs are given in common usage.

CRYPTOMERIA CRYPTOMERIA

Location: best sunny
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

JUNIPER JUNIPERUS

Location: sunny or partial shade
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

There are many types - creeping, such as Horizontal Juniper (J.horizontalis); medium-sized shrubs like M. medium (J. media) ‘Pfitzerana’; and tall trees such as Juniper virginiana (J. virginiana) ‘Skyrocket’. You can find junipers with green, grey, blue or yellow leaves.

TISS TAXUS

Location: sunny or partial shade
Reproduction: acquisition of new plants

The severity of the lines of coniferous trees is always appropriate in landscape design. In the warm season, they are in perfect harmony with blooming flowers, emphasizing their beauty, in the cold season they themselves serve as an adornment of a lifeless and gray personal plot, dressing it in bright greenery.

In addition, they contribute to the enrichment of the air with healing essential oils. Modern gardeners are increasingly choosing to grow conifers, the names of which are presented below. Choose according to the description of their characteristics, perhaps you will like some.

Spruce

A tall and slender spruce looks very impressive both in single plantings and in a group. Some designers, by planting them close together, create unique hedges.

Today, spruces no longer look like mighty cone-like crops with dry lower branches, which we used to see from childhood. The range of needle beauties is regularly updated with new decorative varieties. On the household plots sit down such varieties:

Coniferous plants - leaders in the list of centenarians. Today, the oldest recognized spruce from Switzerland, nicknamed Old Tikko, is credited with approximately 9.6 thousand years. Another old-timer is the Methuselah pine, it is located in the USA, it is 4846 years old. This example shows that conifers live for thousands of years. There are 20 such trees known on our planet, and only one of them is deciduous - the sacred ficus, which is 2217 years old, grows in Sri Lanka.

Fir

A coniferous plant from the Pine family with purple cones and flattened needles is called fir. Its needles are soft, shiny, dark green above, with a white stripe below.

Seedlings take root for a long time, growing long time, but by the age of 10 there is an acceleration that persists until the end of life. Many do not know the answer to the question fir is a coniferous or deciduous plant. The most common decorative balsamic varieties are:

Juniper

This breed is from coniferous plants leads in bactericidal properties. Juniper has been known since time immemorial. Today it is classified as a member of the Cypress family and is classified into 70 species.

Among this breed there are also giants reaching 30 meters in height, and dwarfs, barely reaching the 15 cm mark. Each species has its distinctive features, which apply not only to the shape of the crown and leaves, but also to the requirements for the conditions of detention, as well as care. The juniper garden can decorate while in rockeries, rock gardens or by creating a hedge. On personal plots, the most popular varieties of common juniper:

Juniper is best planted away from fruit trees, as they are conductors of a disease called rust. They are protected by tall plants planted by a group, the branches are periodically inspected for damage, and pruned as necessary. If affected areas appear on the plant, they are treated with fungicidal preparations.

Cedar

Coniferous plants are planted in aristocratic English gardens. And most often there are cedars. They are the frame of the entire garden landscape. Cedars are planted in front of the main entrance or a vast lawn - this has already become a tradition. These trees give the house solemnity and at the same time comfort. Dwarf varieties are grown everywhere as bonsai.

In the wild, cedars rise on mountain ranges up to 3,000 meters above the sea and look like majestic giants. Some breeds reach 50 meters. This plant began to be studied more than 250 years ago, but there is still no consensus about the number of its species.

Some scientists argue that all adult plants belong to only one breed - Lebanese. Others classify additional:

Himalayan,
Atlas,
Short coniferous.

International project "Catalogue of Life", which contains all known species flora and fauna of the Earth, in its database it has everything listed species except for short coniferous.

Taking into account the experience of the project participants, who collected information about almost all life on the planet, we will adhere to their classification of conifers.

Everyone knows about benefits of pine nuts, but they do not realize that this is not a cedar seed at all. Grains of real cedars cannot be eaten, as they are inedible. We owe to the cedar pine, it is called the Siberian cedar.

The cedar has many spectacular decorative varieties, they differ in the length of the needles, the color of the needles and in size:

These are coniferous trees from the genus Cypress. In nature, they can grow up to 70 meters, very similar to cypresses. Breeders are working on the creation of new varieties, satisfying the taste of the most demanding customer.

Low-growing trees in landscape design are used as hedge, trees of medium height are planted one at a time or in compositions, dwarf varieties adorn rock gardens and mixborders. The plant harmonizes well with other plantings. in designer ensembles of garden design, it has soft and fluffy needles. Counting the needles, you will feel a soft touch, not prickly pricks.

The most popular among gardeners are dwarf varieties that do not exceed 360 cm. It is no coincidence that they are common, because they are universal and decorative coniferous creatures. Most popular today:

Bonsai: Minima, Minima aurea, Minima glauca, Gnom do not tolerate winter well. Under the snow, they do not freeze out, but often weather out. Therefore, you need to monitor the snow cover.

Cypress

In nature, this coniferous species is a tree or shrub with a pyramidal or cone-shaped crown, a slender trunk under a thick bark, foliage pressed against the branches and cones that ripen in a year. There are approximately 25 species of this conifer, of which approximately 10 are used in landscape design. Each has its own requirements for the conditions of detention and care. The following varieties are most common:

Larch

The title is deceptive. Because of it, many consider the tree to be deciduous. However, it has something in common with the latter - every year in autumn the plant sheds its needles. But it belongs to the Pine family and is a common breed among conifers. This slender and tall tree resembles a Christmas tree.

The trunk of a larch is powerful, under favorable growing conditions it can reach 1 m in diameter and 50 meters in height. The larch has a thick brown bark covered with blue grooves. The branches stretch up in a chaotic manner at an angle, forming a cone-shaped crown. The needles are up to 4 cm long and soft, flat, bright green in color. Scientists distinguish 14 species. In landscape design The most popular varieties are:

Pine

There are only 115 species of pine. She has fragrant needles, located in bunches of 2-5 pieces. By their number, the type of pine is determined.

Outdoor air adversely affects the roots of the tree, they dry out after 15 minutes. Pine is best planted in April, May or mid-September.

For garden plantings, breeders have bred enough miniature varieties with slow growth. Giant natural views can often be seen in the forest park strip. In a small area near the house, undersized pine trees look spectacular. These evergreen beauties will decorate a rock garden, lawn or mixborder.

Mountain pine varieties are in demand among gardeners. In the wild, it grows on Western European slopes, reaching a height of 12 meters:

Thus, when choosing an evergreen plant for your garden or house plot, you need to understand not only what types and varieties of coniferous plants are, but also in the features of their development and growth. Otherwise, you can get a sweeping giant that will cast a shadow on all the green spaces around and prevent them from developing.

Coniferous species - various types of trees and shrub forms that differ in needle-shaped foliage. Most of them are woody and are evergreen. There are about four hundred species in the world, which are mostly concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. Most of them are used as a building material, the basis for the furniture industry, as well as in medicine, and even in cooking - cedar nuts are incredibly tasty and healthy.

Characteristics of conifers

Multiple characteristics of the most common coniferous crops:

Spruce is the most common type of coniferous trees. In addition to ordinary spruce, the most valued are blue, prickly, Canadian. The culture is unpretentious in care, perfectly withstands frosts, and is able to survive in conditions of urban gas pollution. Prefers full sun but can grow in shady areas. Due to their ability to shear, they are very much appreciated in landscape design, used as hedges and solitary plants.
Cedar is a large species of coniferous trees, which, due to its high decorative properties, is widely used in landscape design in alley plantings and group plantings. The most popular are Himalayan, Atlas and Lebanese varieties. The culture is famous for its delicious, healthy and nutritious nuts.
Cypress is an evergreen, exclusively decorative type of coniferous crops. Due to its unusual pyramidal shape, the tree looks very impressive and is widely used in park plantings, both for creating alleys, and in single and group plantings.

Larch - refers to deciduous coniferous crops, in our climate only this coniferous tree drops needles on winter period. Because of this feature, larch is used differently in landscape design, often planted in alleys and mixed compositions. The strength and durability of these trees is also known. These conifers have long been used not only for construction, but also for the manufacture of ships. Due to the strength and high resin content, larch products are able to retain their original properties for centuries even under the influence of moisture. So, St. Petersburg still stands on piles of larch, driven into the river bed under Peter the Great, and the use of this wood in the construction of Venice, where the material also proved to be effective, has been proven. better side. And in Moscow, durable and quality coating cycle track.
Microbiota - in this genus there is only one species that naturally grows in the Far East of Russia, but due to its beauty it is widely used in landscaping throughout middle lane. The undersized shrub has soft drooping shoots and looks similar to juniper. Due to its shape, it is used as a groundcover and looks very impressive in rock gardens, fences, along lawns and on steep slopes. The culture of winter is stable, unpretentious in care and is not of interest to pests.

Juniper is a very popular coniferous shrub, which is not only perfect for creating picturesque groups and border plantings, but also has high pharmacological properties. The resins and volatile substances secreted by the culture perfectly purify the surrounding air from pathogenic bacteria and kill the entire infection. Juniper groves have long been used to treat pulmonary patients. To do this, people with bronchitis, pneumonia and even tuberculosis were evicted to the landing area and regularly brought food to them, not allowing them to leave until they were fully recovered. Surprisingly, only the juniper-scented air healed even the most hopeless patients, without the use of antibiotics and other medicines. Therefore, planting juniper on your site, you can not only decorate green spaces with an unusual ground cover bush, but also improve your health. Shrub, depending on the variety, may have different forms from a gentle hillock to a candle-shaped bush. unpretentious in care, resistant to external influences and decorative. Often used as a single planting and mixed groups.
Fir is a beautiful and majestic tree that requires special care and suitable conditions. Due to their large size, species varieties are grown only in parks and gardens of large areas, but now it is possible to use small varieties of cultivars, ideal for group plantings. The most decorative varieties are blue and undersized firs, which are distinguished by large and abundant cones.
Pine is a coniferous tree species familiar to everyone, ubiquitous in our latitudes. The most common is the Scotch pine, which covers the mountains and endless forests. Often it is also used to create garden plantings, but more often they choose more compact and decorative varieties- mountain, Crimean, cedar, weymouth.
Yew - this genus includes many evergreen shrubs and trees. Most often, yew berry is used in landscaping, which is distinguished by a dense fluffy crown. Species varieties have the appearance of a sprawling shrub, and bred ones can be in the form of a candle, sphere, cone or ground cover bush. The culture tolerates a haircut well, therefore it is used as a hedge and creating green compositions. But we must remember that most varieties of yew are very poisonous, especially berry, its bright red fruits look attractive and can cause poisoning for children and animals.

Hem - evergreen species, common in North America and the Asian part of the continent. Especially appreciated in landscaping for weeping flexible branches that form a dense canopy. Due to its slow growth, hemlock is suitable for small gardens, and its unpretentiousness and resistance to frost, shade and disease also pleases.
Pseudotsuga is a species of evergreen tree brought from the north of the American continent. A plant similar from a distance is similar to a blue spruce, but on closer examination it stands out with unusual cones. There are varieties with flexible weeping branches and miniature types of pseudosugi, which are widely used to decorate rock gardens and single landings.
Thuja - has a strong aroma and a characteristic shape of needles. Of all the varieties, only the western thuja is suitable for our climate, characterized by high frost resistance and unpretentiousness. Breeders have bred many decorative types, which differ in the shape of the tree, height and even the color of the foliage - the most common are thuja with juicy green needles, but there are also varieties with bright sunny needles.

Coniferous wood

These cultures have long been used not only for landscaping gardens, courtyards and park areas but also for building home, ships, making furniture and other household items. After all, the forests in our latitudes are huge and there has never been a shortage of material. Strong hardwoods were often used, but conifers were also held in high esteem, for example, pine and larch were used as piles and ship equipment.

The popularity of coniferous wood still exists, and there are many explanations for this:

Spruce and pine have a high resin content, which protects the wood from the harmful effects of moisture, fungi and insects that cause irreparable damage to the more delicate hardwood boards.
they are excellent for grinding, which makes it easier to work with them and speeds up the sawing process.
Due to the pliability of wood, such species are easy to process, which is why pine and spruce wood is often chosen for creating small and complex structures e.g. railings, stairs, balconies.

Low density allows boards and bars to be well impregnated with protective substances, which increases the durability, strength and beauty of wood.
Even sawdust of coniferous trees is beneficial, for example, technical hydrolytic alcohol is made from them, and also in a compressed form they are used to make cheap furniture, and they are often used for heating.
A house built of pine and spruce is guaranteed to last up to 50 years, but more noble types of wood, for example, cedar, will last for centuries. In addition, not only Construction Materials but also musical instruments.
Wood is also valued for its low thermal conductivity, because wooden wall 10 centimeters thick retains heat in the same way as brickwork half a metre.

As in every production, there are certain standards for wood harvesting and woodworking enterprises so that the resulting boards and beams meet state and international requirements. For this, special GOSTs have been developed that consider various characteristics wood .

For coniferous trees, GOST 8486-86 and GOST 24454-80 are used, according to which all sawn wood is divided according to technical requirements by grades - 5 for boards and timber (selected, 1, 2, 3 and 4 grades) and 4 for beams (grades 1,2,3,4).

Note that GOST 8486-86 is used to evaluate wood, which is further intended for use in our country and for export sales, but for aviation wooden building materials, more stringent GOSTs are used.

All lumber can be divided into bars, bars, edged and not edged boards, these definitions and features of types are regulated in accordance with GOST 18288.

According to GOST 8486-86, indicators are clearly prescribed:

- types of wood (according to GOST, pine, spruce, fir, larch and cedar are used for the manufacture of lumber)
- lengths and permissible deviations from them, depending on the further destination (for containers, bars, domestic market, export);
- humidity - depending on the requirements of the customer, they produce dry (humidity up to 20%), raw (22% and above) and impregnated with antiseptics (antiseptics are carried out according to GOST 10950);
- width and tolerances;
- quantity and type of knots;
— presence and type of cracks;
— the presence and size of the core;
- the presence and size of fungal infections, mold, rot, wormholes, etc.

Thus, GOST ensures that sawn timber complies with all well-thought-out norms and requirements, which ensures a long service life of products made from coniferous trees. In addition, checking the compliance of products with prescribed standards saves the buyer from purchasing low-quality wood at inflated prices.

Coniferous bushes and not only have long been highly valued and widely used both as green spaces and for construction, furniture manufacturing, musical instruments and even treatments. Various varieties of species become chic decorations for garden plots, while others become indispensable elements in any construction, which is why coniferous trees are so popular and widespread.