Ways to perform the correct twisting of wires. Twisting wires - a variety of easy connection methods Twisting wires

When installing electrical wiring, special attention is paid to electrical contacts, since the quality and reliability of the entire electrical network as a whole depends on this. An integral part of such contacts is the connection of wires. For this, they are used as modern technologies and old methods. Each method has its own disadvantages and advantages. What type of twisting of wires to use is selected from the conditions and possibilities.

Wire Twisting Requirements

Twisting the wires together is the most popular and easiest way, but at the same time the most unreliable. To understand how to twist the wires correctly, you need to imagine what processes can take place at the junction. Over time, as a result of temperature exposure, the clamp loosens. This is caused by the linear expansion of the conductor during the passage large quantities current. The contact at the junction is weakened, its resistance increases, and, accordingly, the place of twisting is heated. The wires oxidize and overheat, contact disappears or insulation breakdown occurs, which is fraught with a short circuit and fire.

The requirements for twisting wires are regulated by the rules for the installation of electrical equipment (PUE). The basic rules for any method of connecting wires are to ensure contact without additional resistance. That is, this value at the place of twisting should not exceed the minimum value of the resistance of the wires themselves. This is also true for the requirements of mechanical strength, the contact point should not be less durable than the strength value of the wires themselves.

Therefore, according to the PUE, simply made connections in the form of twisting during the installation of electrical wiring are prohibited. After twisting, additional operations are required to increase its reliability. It can be soldering, welding, crimping, mechanical clamping.

It is important to note that twisting is applicable only if the conductors to be connected are made of the same material. Otherwise, a chemical compound is formed due to oxidation, which quickly destroys the twist.

Exist Various types twists:

• parallel simple;
• sequential simple;
• parallel groove;
• consistent groove;
• bandage.

Before starting the connection, it is necessary to prepare the wires. To do this, you will need to remove the insulation over a length of at least 50 mm, clean the bare wire with fine emery, and only then proceed to twisting. Parallel connection is used when it becomes necessary to combine the ends of the wires with each other, for example, in junction boxes. Sequential twisting when making branches.

Parallel Connection Method

Parallel connection is a simple operation that involves a method in which two wires, stripped to the same length, are applied parallel to each other. Next, the bare ends are crossed so that the edges touch each other. Then, with a rotational movement, they begin to twist. It is necessary to twist in one direction, in which - it does not matter.

The insulated parts of the conductors must not be twisted together. First, the conductors are twisted by hand, forming a direction, and then they are tightened with pliers. At the same time, the ends of the wires are taken with pliers to give uniformity to the twist. The “parallel groove” method implies that during twisting, one core is motionless, and the second braids it. To do this, starting from the end of the insulation, one wire makes three to four turns around the second. We lay the first one with a tight touch parallel to the second and at the end we perform again three to four turns.

Description of the sequential method

Serial simple connection is carried out in a different way. The stripped ends of the wires are not applied to each other, but are located opposite, overlapping. The middles of the stripped cores are applied to each other, and then braided in one direction and in the other. In this case, it is necessary that the stripped wires do not fall on the insulation of the opposite wire. When twisting with a groove, each core is braided with the other only at the end of the insulation, and in the middle it passes with a tight touch.

Cable twisting

It is carried out both in parallel and in series. In the first method, the wires are pressed against each other with an insulating layer, and a third conductor is wound around the stripped conductors with spiral movements. To do this, one end of the additional wire is held with fingers, and the other is wrapped around with the help of pliers, firmly squeezing the wires to be connected to each other. In the second method, the stripped cores are applied in parallel, but opposite each other, not reaching one or two millimeters to the insulation of the opposite wire. Then they are tightly rolled in with an additional conductor.

Stranded cable twisting

With this connection, there are small nuances. To increase the contact area, the same methods are used, but with a preliminary separation of the cores in each wire. After removing the insulation, the cores are bred in each wire, and two to four pigtails are created from them with equal amount lived in each. Then they are stacked one on top of the other, and the wires are twisted one pigtail from each wire. At the end, the resulting pigtails are intertwined. In this way, the correct twisting of wires with strong mechanical strength and low resistance will be obtained.

The number of turns that is obtained during operation should be more than six. Types of wire connections do not depend on the material used and are performed the same for both aluminum and copper wires. It is important to understand what to twist different types wires cannot be connected to each other, and the aluminum wire may break off if twisted too much. If it is necessary to twist more than two wires, then the process technology will not change.

Additional technological operations

Since the PUE prohibits only twisting, and it is impossible to connect different materials, the twisting process should end with a terminal block or soldering. To make the connection reliable, the following technological operations are used:

• soldering;
• welding;
• screw terminals;
• crimping in special spring devices;
• crimping.

Soldering and welding when connecting

The only drawback of this operation is the complexity of the work. Soldering requires tin and flux. When working with copper, rosin is used as a flux, while for aluminum, highly active fluxes containing oleic acid and lithium iodide are used. If a power of up to 100 W is enough for soldering copper, then aluminum is welded using a gas heater, the heating temperature should be 400-500 degrees. Solder for copper is used lead-tin. And for aluminum with zinc content.

The technology itself is simple, since the thermal conductivity of the twist is greater than that of the solder, then when melted, it goes to the junction, creating a thin layer. When large influxes of solder are not allowed, it should be evenly distributed over the entire surface.

Application of screw terminals

Screw clamps in their principle of operation imply mechanical squeezing of twisted surfaces by means of a bolted connection. For this, steel pads are used. The finished twist or individual strands of wire are placed under a steel washer and compressed by screwing in the screw. In this case, the clamping is carried out both by the washer itself and only by the screw. The first method is better, since the contact surface is larger.

The terminal block itself looks like a plate on an insulator with a group of contacts. With the help of terminal blocks, both copper wires and aluminum wires of different sections are connected.

Use of spring devices

Allows you to make the fastest connection without the use of a tool. Wago terminal blocks are widely used. They are produced not only different sizes, but also for a different number of connected wires. With their help, single-core and multi-core wires of different sections and types are connected. The wires are combined both separately and among themselves. To do this, the terminal blocks have a latch-flag, which allows you to lay the wire and clamp it inside after snapping. Or use a clip-on device.

Using the Wago terminal, aluminum and copper can also be connected to each other. But for this, a special paste is used that prevents air from entering, and the cores of the wires are bred into separate cells.

Crimping of connected cords

If it is necessary to connect wires of large cross section, lugs (sleeves) are used. The wires are stripped and inserted into the sleeves, then with the help of press tongs the sleeve is compressed and the wire is crimped. Such a connection is considered reliable, but requires a specialized tool.

Connecting insulating clamps (PPE) are also considered a kind of crimping. After twisting the wire, depending on the diameter, the caps are screwed on top of the connection, pressing the contact and isolating it.

The last final stage after the connection is made is its thorough isolation. As an insulator, a dielectric electrical tape or a thermotube is used. The insulation should be 2-3 cm larger than the junction itself. The insulation must be of high quality, otherwise there is a possibility of a breakdown between the wires, which will lead to a short circuit.

This article has a somewhat provocative title. I am sure that there will immediately be people who will write instructively, saying that twisting is illegal and wire twisting is prohibited according to the PUE.

Nobody argues with this. If it were not for the fact that, despite everything that is written in the PUE, the vast majority of wire connections on the territory of the former large Soviet country are still made on twists.

I won't claim that it's very good wire twist- this is the most reliable and high-quality way to connect wires, although they constantly try to prove it to me. It seems that someone even measured and compared the voltage drop on the twist and on the whole piece of wire, so it turned out to be less on the twist. Perhaps this is something from the field of mythology among electricians. We will simply proceed from the moment that good twisting can be called one of the stages and very important element methods of connecting wires, such as soldering or welding.

Before discussing further about the correct twist, let's dwell on what will happen if the wires are connected just like that, without technology, "how it happened." In this case, at the point of contact of the two wires occurs. There are two reasons for this - a decrease in the cross-sectional area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wire at the point of contact (mainly due to microprotrusions during connection) and the presence of an oxide film on the wire cores.

oxide film- the result of the interaction of the atoms of the metal of which the core consists with oxygen in the air. Has such an oxide film very decent resistivity. The oxide film is absent only in noble metals - gold, platinum, etc. (that's why they are "noble", that they do not react with anyone). In silver, the resistivity of the oxide film is the same as that of the metal itself, so silver is actively used in the contacts of various electrical devices.

When the wire is heated by the current passing through it, the transient contact resistance increases even more, because. the generated heat is not completely dissipated in environment, and also heats up the wire itself, including the twist.

As a result, all this can lead to an avalanche-like process, when the place of twisting heats up more and more. Here you have one of the causes of fires due to the so-called "malfunctions in the wiring."

I met one case when an aluminum twist in a neighbor's dacha stood for only one day. The reason for this is not only the presence of poor-quality twisting, but also the material of the conductive core of the wire. already posted on the site.

The most interesting thing is that no circuit breakers and the fuses in the electrical panel in this case will not help in any way, because. they respond to an increase in current in the circuit. In our case, the current does not change, it just heats up the place of contact between the two wires more and more.

Based on this, we can conclude that a good twist of wires is necessary, first of all, so that the contact contact resistance always remains stable and does not change over time.

So, what does it take to make a good twist of wires?

First you need to remove the insulation without damaging the wire strands. We clean the bare area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe core from dirt with a clean rag soaked in acetone or white spirit. Then we clean the wires with a metal brush or sandpaper to a metallic sheen.

Next, we twist the stripped veins with two pliers. To do this, we bend the ends of the cores at an angle of 90 ° at a distance equal to 7-10 diameters of the core from the insulation cut, and wind them up for each other. We wind 5-7 turns of one core onto another with pliers.

We wind 5-7 turns of another core and seal the connection with pliers, i.e. we tighten the coils of cores with two pliers in opposite directions. Then tightly bend the ends of the wires.

In order to make a branch, it is necessary to wind 10-15 turns of the branch core around the main core. Seal the branch with two pliers, tightening the turns of the core by moving them in opposite directions. Then tightly bend the end of the branch core. After all these operations, the twisting will be mechanically strong and reliable.

There are many other ways to connect wires with a twist. All these methods are given even characteristic names.

For example, here are the methods shown in one well-known book for young electricians:

The option that I described in this article, using two pliers, has been tested by practice and has never failed itself.

After creating a high-quality twist, the wires can be soldered (little used due to labor intensity), welded (in one of the articles on the site it was somehow proved that).

A good twist is also needed, for example, for a more modern and less time-consuming method of connecting wires - when used, which is a good alternative to electrical tape.

By appearance it looks like a regular cambric, which is put on with a margin in both directions. Then heat-shrink tubing heats up (for this you can use a regular lighter, but it is better to use an electric hair dryer), tightly wraps around the cable and insulates it securely.

Do your twists right!

If you have your favorite wire connection options - share and tell us about it in the comments to the article!

To provide connections and branches during electrical installation operations, twisting of wires is used. Contacts with this method of switching must be reliable. Carrying out work on the installation of wiring of all types - in everyday life or in industry - is subject to a collection of requirements and rules for how to twist the wires correctly. They say that it is impossible for additional resistance to appear at the points of contact between the veins. Neglect of this rule will lead to heating of the contact point.

Connection is carried out in accordance with electrical safety standards using the following methods:

• twists.
• Welding.
• Soldering.
• Screw clamp.
• Terminal blocks and blocks.
• Self-clamping express terminals.
• PPE caps.

Connecting wires with a twist implies the advantages and disadvantages of the method. There is a PUE regulation to prohibit such an operation. But despite it, twisting is often used.

Contact twisting occurs when rough cut. This is explained by the need to establish the fact of the correct operation of already mounted connections. Check integrity electrical lines, introduce the necessary amendments, install additional devices:

• switching structures;
• simple and special sockets;
• equipment for conversion, voltage stabilization;
• rectifiers;
• accounting devices.

Upon completion of the preliminary work, the fully assembled circuit is tested for functionality. In case of incorrect operation of the equipment, lack of electricity find out the cause and site of damage. You have to change faulty nodes, twist the wires correctly.

Correct twisting of wires makes it possible to quickly resume power supply. Depending on the situation, they decide what to do with the elements of accession:

• The finished combination remains.
• Improving.
• It changes to a new one, with a different way of connecting the cores.
• An elementary set of tools for wire manipulation. It is easy to perform work in the field in the absence of powerful consumers.

Therefore, it is worth considering the maximum number of connected devices, deciding how to properly twist the wires, calculate the appropriate cable cross-section, further development power systems in the event of an increase in the number of consumers. Then the mounted soldering will serve reliably for more than one year.

The twisting of cable cores to connect pieces of wiring to each other appeared immediately after the discovery of electricity. At first, this approach suited everyone. But time does not stand still new electrical equipment has appeared, the need for development has increased power networks with increased power and current strength. The question arose of how to twist the wires in the more complicated realities. Twisting ceased to guarantee uninterrupted operation in such conditions. But at the household level, it is widely used and meets the requirements of networks with a low load.

Pros and cons of twists

The advantages of a braided connection are:

• twisting speed;
• long service life with high-quality installation;
• does not require the use of complex tools;
• ideally serves signaling networks where there is no powerful electrical equipment;
• if necessary, the contact point can be additionally stretched or soldered;
• is inexpensive;
• the tap contains two - four branches at the same time;
• connection is repeated in case of error or inaccurate execution.

There are also many disadvantages:

• high-quality insulation;
• not intended for use in power networks;
• inconvenient way to assemble wires;
• when heated, a fire occurs;
• voltage drop associated with feeder overloads.

Twisting wires with different cores

Such combinations are strictly prohibited for use. It is unacceptable to combine copper and aluminum wire! When touched, these metals enter into chemical reaction oxidation, galvanized . The contact is broken. With increasing load in the chain, solder erosion accelerates. Connecting in such conditions leads to sad results:

• heating, sparking and, as a result, a fire;
• weakening of contact at the solder point;
• the size of the contact space is reduced;
• power surges in the circuit section disrupt thermal equilibrium and destroy twisting.

Occurrence of oxide

The influence of air on the conductors oxidizes the junction. For copper and aluminum conductors such aggressive environment shortens the service life. The use of expensive metals like silver or gold in conventional schemes it is not economically feasible. The problem is solved by isolating the twists with a high-quality dielectric material with right methods execution. Such measures prolong the trouble-free operation of the soldering point and the entire circuit.

Resistance at the junction of the wires

The result of weak contact between the cable cores is an increase in resistance in this place. There is heating in the transition space and the destruction of the entire connecting circuit. Tight wire bonding will reduce these risks.

Types of connections in electrical circuits

Twisting is classified according to the material of manufacture of the cores participating in the operation, their types, and the method of twisting. The cross-sectional areas, the permissible load must be identical.

Wires with copper conductors allow multiple, up to ten times, torsion without compromising strength and contact. They easily also suitable for triple - quadruple connections. Aluminum cable is not so resistant to mechanical stress. One or two attempts to gossip - and he breaks off.

Cable cores are single and multi-wire. The twisting method must be found taking this feature into account.

For arranging temporary or mobile wiring, a more reusable twisted soft cord is chosen. The stationary and final electrical circuit is made up of a monolithic residential.

Connection of multi-wire cables is allowed. The directories contain data for all types. Materials are selected according to the numbers for mounting from wires with various combinations lived. It is necessary to take into account the cross section according to the current rating. The ways of weaving such endings do not differ.

The connection of wires will last more than one year if the exact order of manufacture is followed during execution.

So we do with the following veins.

TU cambric is displaced to the junction and heated to a monolithic overlay on the area of ​​twisting. In the absence of a tube, insulating tape is used. It is applied in three to four layers in full overlap.

With absence special devices we use twisting to splice cables. The main requirement is maximum area contact lived at the point of combination. After stripping, we twist each wire at the sheath by one centimeter. We fluff the bare ends through the hairs. Manipulation is performed with each contact.

Serial connection is carried out by combining opposing beams one into the other, so that wires are intertwined. The twist is made from two sides in opposite directions.

When mounted in parallel, the manipulations are close. The wires fit like a house and the fluffy corollas are braided into a braid. The connections are sealed with pliers and insulated.

The easiest method soldering of single-wire conductors is called parallel. The wires are brought together at an arbitrary angle, the stripped sections are twisted from the point of adhesion.

To build up by a simple sequential interlacing, the bare wires are bent, shifted towards the intersection and twisted with a screw in opposite directions.

When one wire before connection is bent and twisted around the second in 2 places (near the insulation and in the region of its folded edge), the cable is spliced ​​in a way of parallel crossing with the gutter.

Similar consistent twisting is done with a braid of both strands. Two twisted places are formed at the base of the insulating layer.

A brace-assisted connection is required when working with heavy gauge wire or cable. A similar technique also has parallel and sequential versions. The core is pre-prepared from a monolithic wire of a thinner section, soft and made of a material similar to the main cable. The stripped ends are bent at a right angle, brought to each other. The prepared shroud core is wrapped around them in uniform turns.

The connection of an additional wire and a branch for each option occurs in a parallel way. Branching with a bandage differs in that that only the attached process is wrapped around.

With the intensive development of electronic technology, the load on electrical networks increases. The requirements for the reliability of soldering branches of the current supply are also growing. The twist connection is gradually becoming a thing of the past. This is clearly seen in production areas, where installation is carried out in progressive ways, and obsolete splices are replaced.

No matter how common various clamps and terminals have been lately, the most popular way to connect wires is elementary twisting. However, you should be aware that the rules for electrical installations prohibit the use of twisting in its pure form (that is, without further soldering or contact welding). You can increase the "legality" of twisting with the help of PPE. You make a twist, and on top of it you wind PPE (connecting insulating clip).

It creates a sufficient contact density and, under different loads and temperature differences, does not allow the contact to weaken. Pick up PPE right size, quantity and quality with free shipping is possible .

Types of twists. Twisting errors

First, remember that the wires are aluminum and copper. Copper wires are divided into solid (one solid core) and stranded (flexible).

Monocore is used for stationary connection of equipment. Once laid under the plaster, behind the drywall and forgot about them. Wiggling and bending such wiring is no longer required.

Stranded ones are used for mobile devices or temporary connection of electrical equipment. Where the wiring constantly needs to be moved from place to place, change its location. These are home carriers. Appliances plugged into sockets.

They are also used in the assembly of switchboards, where there is a shortage in free space, and the cores have to be significantly bent in order to lead the devices into the terminals.

Consider first how to properly twist the wires from the monocore. The process here is not intricate and is known to everyone. Two wires are taken, stripped at the ends and begin to twist together.

The Chinese even came up with an assistant-nozzle in this matter to automate the work.

Main features and rules:

• ⚡ wires must be of the same material (copper or aluminum)
• ⚡ clean the core by at least 3-4 cm, thereby increasing the usable contact area
• ⚡ wires run parallel to each other
• ⚡ both wires must be twisted evenly among themselves
• ⚡ when twisting with some pliers, hold the place where you start stripping the insulation, and twist at the end with others. The insulated parts of the conductors must not be twisted together.
• ⚡ the number of turns that should be obtained in the end - from five or more

Strands of aluminum and copper wires are performed in the same way. The difference is that you can spin and twist copper several times, and aluminum 1-2 times. After which they will break off.

And if you need to twist more than two wires, say 4-5? The process is no different:

• ⚡ with your hands, slowly twist the wires only giving them the shape of a future twist
• ⚡ take two pliers and, holding the twist at first, tighten the veins at the end
• ⚡ the length of the stripped areas should also be 3-4cm

There are situations when it is necessary that the twist takes as long as possible less space. Either there is not enough space in the junction box, or it must then be pulled through a narrow hole. In this case, the technology is slightly different.

• ⚡ put the stripped strands of wires cross on the cross, in the middle of the stripping place
• ⚡ and begin to twist them so that the ends after folding are equidistant from each other

In terms of quality and reliability, such twists are inferior to conventional ones.

Stranding copper wire with aluminum

It is impossible to twist copper wire and aluminum directly. Such a connection will oxidize and subsequently can lead, at best, to burnout of the contact or, at worst, to a fire. In such cases, you need to use either connectors, or use a third metal - steel, as a gasket between copper and aluminum.

A simple bolt with a nut and washer is taken. The stripped wires are shaped like a ring at the end. And these rings are put on a bolt. Moreover, the wire of the ring must bend in the direction of the thread of the bolt.

The aluminum core is clamped with a steel washer, and a copper one is superimposed on top of this washer. After that, the contact is pulled together with another washer with a nut. That is, to create a normal contact between a copper conductor and an aluminum one, you will need at least a bolt with a nut and 3 steel washers.

Stranded wire twisting

It is possible to apply the previous job descriptions for such strands, but this will not give reliable mechanical contact. Therefore, proceed as follows.

Whatever they say about the process and methods of twisting wires - this method remains very relevant to this day and will remain for a long time to come. Why is that? Let's consider this topic in more detail. With this method of connecting electrical conductors, there are a large number of nuances, advantages and disadvantages, including a ban on performing such operations under the regulations of the PUE. However, it is worth noting that the twisted wire connection is used most often. There are many reasons, let's look at the most common ones.

Firstly, twisted connections are often used when performing a "rough" installation. This is due to the fact that during the initial work, the main goal is to check the performance of the laid nodes. The presence of a signal / voltage is checked (depending on the type of manipulations performed), additional work is carried out on the secondary wiring of additional elements, contacts of devices are displayed, such as:

• switches of various types;
• built-in voltage stabilizers;
• built-in voltage converters;
• built-in step-down / step-up transformers;
• ordinary sockets;
• "smart" sockets;
• power consumption control devices;
• specialized sockets with special outputs (RJ-45, for example).

After carrying out the "rough" installation, it is extremely important to check the performance of the above devices. And in case of their incorrect operation or lack of electricity / signal, you have to re-deal with a certain section of the circuit or re-conduct wiring operations and troubleshoot.

Secondly, this type of conductor contact allows you to quickly restore the site to working capacity and obtain the necessary electricity / signal for certain manipulations. In the future, depending on which devices will be connected to this section, it will be possible to:

• leave the completed twist;
• improve connection;
• replace this section with another one, with other connecting elements.

Thirdly, no special tools are required to perform the twisting of wires. It is possible to perform such manipulations even “in the field”, provided that “gluttonous” electrical appliances are not connected to the created site.

It is worth noting that twisted wires can provide a fairly reliable contact. long time, subject to all necessary instructions and correct execution work.

So, it is worth considering the situation wisely in case you decide to resort to such a binding method as twisting. It is obligatory to take into account the connected load, select the optimal wire section and further calculate the circuit in case of a change in the number or power of consumers.

Advantages and disadvantages

The interlacing of wires among themselves is probably the most old way confluence of conductors. However, over time, the power of devices requiring high currents also increases. Twisting, as a rule, is not designed for them, but within the framework of home use it is very appropriate.

It is worth mentioning that this wiring option cannot be used with devices such as electric kettles, refrigerators, washing machines, heaters and fan heaters, electric tiles, computers.

The main advantages of twisting are:

• speed of creation;
• durability (when done correctly);
• the possibility of interlacing wires without additional tools;
• ideal for signal contact (in the absence of connection of high-current consumers);
• the ability to improve the connection by soldering;
• cheapness;
• the ability to combine two, three, four wires at the same time;
• possibility of reconnection.

Its disadvantages include the following:

• the need for isolation;
• operability only with low-current consumers;
• inconvenience of installation;
• fire hazard in case of improper performance of work;
• a large number of nuances that MUST be taken into account when interlacing wires;
• “Surges” of voltage and pickups on electrical appliances when the site is overloaded.

As you can see above, twisting has a limited range of use, it cannot be used with powerful devices, and when used with computers, modern TVs, sound equipment and other 21st century technology, there is a problem with the occurrence of pickups and “throws”. Therefore, it is advisable to interlace wires when used with lighting devices (chandeliers, lamps, and so on), power adapters and other "weak" devices.

Nuances

Connecting conductors of different materials

The most basic is that it is FORBIDDEN to perform twisting with conductors made of different materials. DO NOT intertwine copper and aluminum wires. This is due to the fact that when copper and aluminum come into contact, a galvanic couple appears, which destroys the created connection. The higher the current passing through the plexus, the faster its destruction will occur. Such contact of wires threatens with the following consequences:

• heating, sparking and subsequent ignition;
• deterioration in the quality of the contact of such a "tangle";
• reduction of the contact area;
• strong heating of the wires at the plexus point;
• rapid oxidation;
• under temporary and powerful load, “heating-cooling” cycles occur, which is fraught with severe
• deteriorating connection quality.

The appearance of an oxide film

The film appears as a result of the interaction of the oxygen environment of the air and the conductor. The metal conductors used in making connections are usually made of aluminum or copper and suffer quite a lot from oxide film if the connection is not insulated. More expensive materials rarely used in electrical diagrams, such as gold and platinum do not have this disadvantage, but their cost is extremely high. The oxide film on the wires threatens with the following consequences:

• deterioration of the quality of the twist contact;
• intensification of the heating process during the passage of current.

It is quite simple to deal with this drawback - it is necessary to carry out high-quality insulation of the twist.

The occurrence of transient contact resistance

This resistance appears as a result of poor contact of the wires with each other, due to which the temperature rises sharply at the point where the current passes from one part to another. Transient contact resistance catalyzes the rapid destruction of the wire plexus, especially in the absence of insulation. To minimize transient contact resistance, the tightest possible contact between the two conductors should be made.

Types of twists and connections of this type

One of the advantages of such a connection as twisting is the possibility of improving it by soldering or welding. When soldering, the connection becomes strong and able to withstand high currents, while welding uses special equipment, it allows you to give strength to the connection made. Soldering and welding of both copper and aluminum wires - great way improve its characteristics: reduce heat load by improving contact in places of welding or soldering.

When carrying out work, twists can be divided into several types depending on the materials, type of wire, type of twist. It is extremely important that the cross-sectional area of ​​each of the conductors matches each other, as well as suitable for the load used.

Conductors can be of the following materials:

• aluminum;
• copper.

Aluminum braiding is less resistant to further untwisting, while copper conductors can be untwisted and re-weaved several times, for example, to add a third contact. Aluminum withstands 1–2 times the load of twisting and unwinding, copper can be twisted and untwisted 3–4 times without any damage.

In this case, conductors can be divided into 2 types:

When performing the twisting process, it is worth considering the type of conductor, as options for plexus may be different. Depending on the type of wire, one or another twisting method should be used.

A cord with a solid core is usually used when the wiring is stationary, when there is no need to move the equipment. Stranded conductors are often used for "rough" installation or where there is a need to move devices.

The twisting of both copper wires and aluminum wires is the same and is shown in the tables for each type of cord (stranded/solid). If it is necessary to weave more than two conductors, for example 3–4, then first the initial twisting is performed for the two ends (shaping the connection) - 1–2 turns, after which the required number of conductors is added and twisted according to one or another scheme.

It is allowed to bond two conductors different types(stranded/solid), however, it is important to consider the cross-sectional area of ​​each conductor.

We twist ourselves

For professional installation, special clamps are used to make the connection - PPE (connecting insulating clamp), when they are used, the final twist is allowed from the point of view of the PUE, but it is worth remembering that such a device is not designed for high currents.

So, how to twist the wires at home? To carry out this manipulation, you must:

• take into account all the nuances in advance (location, load of connected equipment, and so on);
• acquire necessary tools(pliers, knife, sandpaper, heat shrink, it is desirable to have a hot air gun and a device for stripping insulation, a screwdriver if available).

Consider the situation with weaving from a cord with a monolithic core:

1. It is necessary to strip the ends of each wire by 3–4 cm using a special tool (stripper) or a construction knife. It is extremely important to remove the insulation and not leave deep cuts on the core.
2. Then we put heat shrink on one of the ends.
3. Then degrease the cleaned surfaces with alcohol / acetone / white spirit.
4. Then, taking sandpaper, we clean the cores of the wires.
5. We impose the cores parallel to each other, hold with pliers.
6. We carry out weaving (in accordance with the scheme) clockwise, at least 5 turns for one core. The cores must fit snugly against each other.
7. We shift the heat shrink to the place of contact and warm it up with a hairdryer or a lighter. It is important that the heat shrink tightly "took" at the place of twisting.

It is allowed to hold one end of the cord with a screwdriver and slowly turn it, while the other end is woven onto the rotating end, creating tension with your hands, thereby making the connection tighter.

With a stranded cord, the situation is a little different:

1. We clean the ends of each wire by 3–4 cm using a special tool (stripper) or a construction knife. It is extremely important to carefully remove the insulation and not damage/cut the strands of the cord.
2. We put heat shrink on one end of the cord.
3. We dissolve the cores of each cord into small “pigtails”.
4. We degrease the resulting “pigtails” with alcohol / acetone and so on.
5. We put the cores on top of each other from each cord to each other.
6. We weave together together, making the connection tight (at least 5-6 turns per pigtail).
7. We shift the heat shrink to the place of twisting, warm it up with a hairdryer / lighter. The heat shrink should be tightly "sit down" at the junction.

If it is necessary to create a “braid” from solid and stranded cords, the algorithm also changes, and it is highly desirable to weave using the “Branch” method:

1. We clean the ends of each wire by 3–4 cm using a special tool (stripper) or a construction knife. Be careful not to damage the cores of each of the cords.
2. We put heat shrink on one of the cords.
3. Degrease the cleaned areas with alcohol / acetone and so on.
4. We bend the single-core end 180 degrees, so that it then presses the twist.
5. We twist the stranded cord around the single-core end in accordance with the diagram (clockwise), at least 5-6 turns, the more the better.
6. We clamp the pre-bent end of the single-core wire and press it to the twist with pliers.
7. We shift the heat shrinkage to the place of contact, warm it up with a hair dryer / lighter. We make sure that the heat shrink is well fixed in place of the twist.

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