N and Kurdyumov is smart. Smart garden in detail

03.03.2020

Kurdyumov is sure that in order to obtain high yields, it is necessary to expend more mental labor than physical labor. The garden according to Kurdyumov must be smart.

Starting with planning

Kurdyumov claims that site planning helps to save time by 2-3 times.

First of all, calculate how many vegetables you need, and plant only what you need. Strive not to increase the area under planting, but to increase the yield.

Plants need sun

According to Kurdyumov, the garden should be constantly illuminated by the sun's rays: in the shade, get good harvest fail. In partial shade, you can grow only greens, lettuce and some root crops.

In order not to create a shadow on the site, it is recommended to orient the trellises on which tall vegetables are placed to the north and south.

Pumpkin, beans and melons can be planted near fences and illuminated walls, used to decorate arbors and arches.

We equip the beds according to Kurdyumov

In the garden according to Kurdyumov, when placing beds, work is taken into account. For example, if the beds are watered from a well, then in order to reduce the effort expended, it is recommended to place the beds radially around the well.

The garden according to Kurdyumov suggests the presence of high beds. To do this, build walls using any material at hand. Raised beds will help plants to endure drought more easily and prevent waterlogging, and you will reduce the cultivated area.

Another requirement of the garden according to Kurdyumov is the obligatory presence of organic matter. To do this, next to the beds, you need to arrange a compost heap.

A prerequisite put forward by the garden according to Kurdyumov is the presence of paths that should not remain bare. They should be covered with boards or other materials so that they do not draw water from the beds.

Pay close attention to your irrigation system

Equipping a garden according to Kurdyumov, you can’t save on. Ideally, it is recommended to use a "tee" made of thin hoses, one end of which is attached to a container of water, and leaky hoses are attached to the other, which are dug into the beds. The container must be placed on a hill so that the water can move independently through the hoses. This will greatly facilitate the work: you can open the tap and go about your business, and the garden will be watered at this time. It is advisable to collect rainwater from the roof in a container.

Let's summarize. What should be paid attention to when organizing a garden according to Kurdyumov?

Requirements put forward by the garden according to Kurdyumov:

site planning;
increase in yield, not the size of the plot;
the constant presence of the sun;
compost heap preparation;
placement of beds, taking into account work;
preparation of high beds;
paths should not be bare;
trellis orientation to the south-north;
quality irrigation system.

And the last condition: the garden according to Kurdyumov does not spoil the view of the site, but decorates it, like flower beds and lawns.

Video "Garden from A to Z according to Kurdyumov"

Arrangement of a garden plot according to Kurdyumov

Almost every owner of a garden plot is of the opinion that the larger his land plot, the more vegetables and herbs he will collect as a result of its processing. However, not always many efforts of gardeners and summer residents come down to huge harvests, since physical labor, directed in the wrong direction, is only a waste of time and one's strength.

It is this approach to tillage that the author of the most interesting books on cultivating gardens, improving the soil, growing many vegetable crops Nikolai Kurdyumov, who describes in his journalistic publications his personal experience, which brings big harvest from small territorial plots.

Author's works related to the care of the garden and garden

The collection of works by Kurdyumov, aimed at saving effort and costs while working in the garden and in the garden, is reduced to the following editions:

Features of the cultivation of beds according to Kurdyumov

A smart garden according to Kurdyumov is a whole developed growing system based on the constant favorable psychological mood of the farmer and the correct and fertilizing of the soil.

Absolutely all plants feel the energy of the person who cares for them throughout the growing season. The desire of the gardener to achieve the main goal - a high yield, always leads him to deep knowledge in agrotechnical science, but not all performed modern technological processes cultivation of land plots are expedient, it is possible to effectively do without plowing the land, cultivation and other mechanized costly work, more attention should be paid to improving the microbiological composition of the soil, which will help create natural favorable conditions for plants. climatic conditions for growth and development without all sorts of picks, treatment with poisons from harmful insects, the main thing is to ensure a nutritious crop rotation and compatibility of plants of various groups and species in a certain area.

The main success of the gardener is to get to the bottom of the success of his work on the ground, namely, it lies in minimizing the work performed, classifying them into completely useless and most necessary.

When this goal is achieved, then work on the backyard or suburban area will be easy and simple, enjoying an effective result.

Kurdyumov's publication "Smart Garden in Detail" teaches the gardener not to dwell on the standard habitual norms of sowing and caring for plants, but to learn a lot of interesting things about plants and test their knowledge with great desire in practice, confirming the truth of their effectiveness.

Success is its own individually designed system for growing any plants - an individual technology that brings a decent quality harvest. It is precisely such a successful scheme that Kurdyumov shares with many beginners and professional gardeners, discovering completely natural ordinary phenomena that modern agronomists do not pay attention to.

The technology of growing vegetables and garden plantings from Kurdyumov, set out in "Smart Garden" and "Smart Garden"

Work on country garden or a garden can bring joy and real satisfaction if, within their limits, the correct planting of all plants is organized that can perform the functions and tasks that a person is busy with throughout the entire period of plant care - ensuring the optimal level of illumination, humidity, insect destruction, weed removal .

You can do without all these tedious procedures. How? - many will ask. Easily!

So, what is Kurdyumov's smart garden, which does not require huge physical costs and pleases precisely with the desired achievements:

this is undisturbed soil fertility, humus consists of many living organisms that cause a favorable decomposition of plant roots into nutrients that decompose and create the basis for the development of favorable bacteria, the naturally formed earth cover perfectly passes air and moisture, the so-called mulch does not allow the earth to dry out maintaining the optimal level of humidity for a long time; plowing violates the natural balance due to soil compaction, due to which there is a violation in the moisture and air exchange of the earth with environment, which naturally cannot have a positive effect on plant yields; growing plants according to Kurdyumov - no mechanical tillage on your land;

this desire to provide plants with a favorable environment for flowering and fruiting, for this it is necessary to provide the earth with sufficient saturation with nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, sulfur, as well as trace elements - iron, manganese, boron, iodine, cobalt, silicon, zinc; however, few people know that land covers that are not amenable to mechanical processing have this list in full and are able to provide excellent plant growth not in the mass of their stem and leaves, but aimed at the formation of the largest quality fruits; the soil after plowing is not able to retain the entire microbiological nutritional composition and therefore it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers;

this is a constant maintained level of humidity, the creation of a system of air holes for soil breathing, soil cooling, an excess of organic acids; only natural, prepared humus, containing the decay products of everything that could decompose into small elements, can create such favorable conditions; humus is a cohabitation of worms, microorganisms and insects working to create a unique favorable environment for plants; you can create separate composted beds with the help of organic natural fences - logs, stones, filling the resulting containers of various sizes with humus prepared in advance;

this is the absence of weeds in the beds, which do not interfere with the development of plants; this can be achieved with the help of organic mulch - straw, hay, small chips, wood, sawdust, which are sprinkled land after sowing seed material into the soil;

this is the observance of the soil structural natural balance, achieved through minimal physical activity, which gives gorgeous results in the form of large fruits.

Video: how to fertilize the garden according to Kurdyumov?

Igor Lyadov's garden is a miracle that everyone can do

The longer a piece of land is used for growing crops, the less fertile it becomes. Yields are falling, no matter how much effort is invested in them, and what can be grown does not please with either quality or quantity.

Igor Lyadov, who lives in the Far East of the country, also faced the same problem, like many gardeners spending a few weekends at their summer cottage. Accustomed to encountering at the aircraft plant where he works, Lyadov did not put up with a drop in productivity, but decided to make every effort to restore fertility to the land and achieve high yields with the least labor costs. This is understandable - after all, a summer resident could devote to his favorite beds only on weekends.

Igor Lyadov technology

The result of observations, studying the experience of foreign colleagues and our own practical work on twenty acres was a record harvest and the creation of a truly smart garden. The technology turned out to be extremely simple and at first glance similar to the method proposed by the American Jacob Mittlider at the end of the 20th century.

However, unlike the overseas agronomist, who suggested using exclusively mineral additives for plant nutrition, Igor Lyadov preferred organic matter and even developed unique author's mixtures based on herbs and traditional fertilizers: manure and bird droppings.

What the two currents have in common is the construction of high beds-boxes, filled, among other things, with the remains of plants that have lived their lives. Therefore, there are no untidy compost heaps on the site, everything is hidden in narrow beds and immediately begins to benefit.

Features of narrow beds:

The width of the beds is 60 - 100 cm, which is narrower than recommended by Lyadov's American colleague.
The passages are comparable in width to the ridges, are 60 - 80 cm and can be covered with roofing material, tiles, ordinary sand and sawdust. If grass is sown in the aisles between the ridges, then it is periodically mowed.
The location of the beds is strictly from north to south.
But the walls of the boxes in Lyadov's garden can be made of any available material: boards, logs, slate, bricks or blocks, depending on the work and capabilities of the gardener.

Advantages of Igor Lyadov's smart garden

The main advantage of the method is almost twice the yield on the plot compared to the traditional technology, when crops are grown on wide, soil-level beds.

However, there are others positive points, attracting more and more attention of summer residents to Lyadov's experience:

The boxes are durable, and their maintenance does not take much time.
The amazing garden of Igor Lyadov is convenient and loosening.
The moisture inside the box does not stagnate, but it is not wasted on moistening unnecessary areas.
Painstaking labor-intensive weeding is not required, especially when mulching the soil under the plants.
Landings are well lit and actively ventilated.
There is no washing out of useful substances from the bed-box.
Saves time and effort on digging the site.
You need to loosen the ridges to a depth of only seven or ten centimeters.
The crop is not affected by pests and plant diseases.
Every year, you can easily change the places of planting and plan the desired neighborhood of plants.
The smart garden of Igor Lyadov, due to the height of the beds, gives the summer resident a real opportunity to plant much earlier.
If you cover the box with foil or put plastic arcs, then the bed without additional effort will allow you to grow vegetables in a home-made, but very effective one.

The bed according to the Lyadov method has been working for several years, and with regular replenishment with plant residues and properly carried out top dressing, its service life is completely difficult to determine.

When the crop is harvested, the author of the idea advises to sow fast-growing green manure, which will further enrich the soil in the box. When planting, it is no longer necessary to add humus or fertilizer, because, in fact, the bed itself is a kind of compost storage.

As it becomes clear, Igor Lyadov's garden has many advantages, but there is only one drawback. This is the cost of labor, money and time in the first year when switching to an unusual technology.

Creating a bed-box

The beds in the smart garden of Igor Lyadov are built in the fall and stretched strictly from north to south, and for their manufacture you can use any available materials from slate and boards to brick or building blocks.

During the master class, which was hosted by Igor Lyadov himself, he used old logs from which the house was once built, and cutting boards. However, before assembling the box, it is important to choose a suitable platform and level it.

Then the walls of the future beds are firmly, perhaps slightly deepened, set on the soil, observing the rule that the width of the box should not exceed 120 cm. The length can be arbitrary.

The walls are necessarily knocked down or twisted together so that the structure gains strength, and cardboard is laid on the bottom of the resulting box, which will become an obstacle to the ubiquitous, perennial weeds.

After the cardboard comes the turn of a thin layer of sand.

And then the box is lined with a layer of coarse plant residues. Do not forget about protecting the structure from moisture and pests. Therefore, the author of the technology advises to treat the wooden box with a resistant but safe water-based paint for outdoor use.

When the painting is completed, you can finally fill the bed with more juicy and smaller waste, tops and leaves of harvested vegetables, grass or straw cut from the lawn, excluding perennial weeds with roots that could sprout. Manure and humus, compost are laid out on top and the nutrient mixture is poured over with an infusion prepared according to the author's method of Igor Lyadov. The top layer, about 10 cm thick, in the box is ordinary soil.

It should be noted that in the northern regions the boxes should be made higher, and in the southern regions, in order to prevent rapid loss of moisture, lower.

Such beds help out well in places where spring flooding of sites is frequent.

Due to the large, about 30 cm, layer of organic residues in Lyadov's garden, there is a constant process of overheating, which means that the temperature in the depth of the box is elevated, but not critical. Plants quickly give friendly shoots and begin to bear fruit.

Arrangement of a greenhouse based on a bed according to the method of Igor Lyadov

Pegs are installed along the long sides of the beds opposite each other at a distance of no more than a meter.
Ends are put on these pegs plastic pipes so that arcs are obtained over the bed.
The structure is covered with a film or other material, getting a warm sheltered bed for early growing variety of vegetable crops and berries.

The system of narrow beds used in the garden of Igor Lyadov makes it possible to significantly extend the vegetation period of plants and obtain consistently high yields, regardless of the weather and the characteristics of the garden plot.

It is important that in order to ensure ventilation and proper space, plants are planted on such beds in a checkerboard pattern. Large crops, such as cabbage or eggplant, are planted in two rows, and smaller ones, such as radishes or onions, in four.

Garden dressing

The author of the methodology believes that it is possible to restore the fertility of the mixture in the box not with the help of chemical additives, but with the help of personally prepared infusions, which include yeast fungi and lactic acid bacteria. The starter for the mixture can be ordinary mash.

For three liters of well water, five tablespoons of sugar and a package of dry baker's yeast are taken. After two or three days of fermentation, the liquid can be added to a common container, but it is better to store it in the cold so that the fungi do not die.

Feeding recipes from Igor Lyadov

All recipes are designed for a two-hundred-liter capacity. The compositions are infused for at least a week, and when used, they are diluted at least twice, in the case of a herbal composition, and even more when using litter or manure.

For the first mixture you will need:
- a shovel of sifted ash;
- half a bucket of manure or bird droppings;
- a bucket of rotted straw bedding or fallen leaves;
- a shovel of soddy land, humus or rotted compost;
- clean sand shovel;
- one liter of fermented milk product or whey;
- three liters of mash.
For the second infusion, two-thirds fill the container with weeds or mowed grass, add two shovels of sifted ash. Now you can pour the mixture with water and close the barrel with a film. After two weeks, the product is ready, but before use it is diluted 1 to 10.
The third mixture includes a third of a barrel of manure or manure, which is poured clean water and also insist up to two weeks. Infusion on manure is diluted 1 to 10, and a mixture with litter in a ratio of 1 to 20.

The roots of plants in the wonderful garden of Igor Lyadov are always provided with everything necessary for growth and fruiting, and the carbon dioxide produced by bacteria is not wasted, but immediately goes to the roots. The heat released also plays a role, which makes it possible to obtain guaranteed early harvests.

Organic farming, advocated by Lyadov, allows you to forget about chemical additives, carry out gentle tillage and invariably enjoy the useful, high-quality fruits of your labor, without thinking that after their cultivation, the soil loses its fertility and will soon become impoverished.

Nikolai Ivanovich Kurdyumov is a practicing gardener, agronomist, a graduate of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. K.A. Timiryazeva, professionally engaged in the correction of gardens, pruning and shaping trees and grapes. He pays special attention to the search and development of reasonable methods of dacha use, which allow increasing the return of plants while reducing labor and time costs. It is a private garden of several acres and its owner that are the objects of the author's attention. Nikolai Ivanovich is convinced that the dacha should be a place of rest, and the harvest should be the product of not so much physical as mental labor. A dacha and a backyard garden of a small area is a special, unique branch of agriculture that has not been seriously studied by anyone in our country.

Instead of a preface

“There are few good books. Hopefully, with the advent of this one, there will be even fewer of them.”
A. Knyshev

What is this book about?

May all and sundry grow stronger and prosper!

Those who are familiar with my past creations already know how to arrange a fruitful and beautiful garden, in which there is almost no place for struggle and hard work, and time passes mainly for various pleasures, such as: creativity in design beds and the formation of plants and trees, mowing a motley grass lawn, inventing and arranging ever new tricks that allow you to do nothing, reasonable types of plant care with anticipation, admiring blooming flowers and newly appeared design corners, as well as pouring fruits and green vegetables ( practically - the main pleasure for which we keep dachas), renunciation of everyday problems, friendly kebabs and even such rarities as just lounging and sleeping in broad daylight, with complete peace of mind.
In other words, this book is about success.

About five years ago I made an epoch-making discovery for myself: success is not just centners of vegetables and fruits.
Success is to create a cottage that gives you constant pleasure. And vegetables, and fruits, and a sea of \u200b\u200bbeauty, and all this to receive without tension and fatigue, without anxiety and routine, but with pleasure - this is success!
Discovering the essence of success turned my life in a new, much more rewarding direction.
Since then, I have been busy constantly inventing, searching and arranging my site towards the ideal state. Every year I change something, check, compare.

Progress towards the goal is not fast, but noticeable. This is what makes life pleasant: after all, the essence of happiness lies precisely in this difference - albeit not by much, but today is better, more successful than yesterday!
This is what I am sharing with you. It's the search.
I do not give ready-made instructions, but offer directions with examples and experience.
I do not pretend to be an integral technology - it is still far from it. I invite you to move along.

"Smart garden in detail", unfortunately, richer and heavier "Smart garden". On the other hand, it is much fuller.
There will be more specific techniques and methods, devices and recipes. There will be both a general theory and an applied "philosophy" - for those who are not yet familiar with it.
Like " smart garden in detail", it is better to read this book slowly, from time to time, like many small books.
I will do my best to make this book funny. This is another discovery of mine: the more fun the book, the easier it is to put into practice.

Despite the abundance of material, the book, nevertheless, is, first of all, about how to minimize unproductive work and add to you a modicum of personal freedom.
I myself am a big lazy person. I take my hat off to diligence, but I am sure that it is not our way out - we already work much more than is necessary.
It's just that our work on earth is not effective enough. A real lazy person, a lazy person with a capital letter, won't lift a finger until he figure out how to save himself from unnecessary work, and get more.
What a useful quality, right?..

Excerpts from the book:

Vegetable container: two years later

...And if you are tired, filling the container,
very comfortable to lie down and relax right in it...

A vegetable container is a high bed, the walls of which are made of bricks, logs, timber, stone. Width - about a meter, any length. Height - if possible, from 30-40 to 70-80 cm.
Placed right on the lawn, framed by a tiled blind area, the beds look simply amazing and decorate the site. Very good for mixed culture.

In the center they can have a frame or a trellis * for cucumbers and tomatoes. Perfect option- under a transparent roof: vegetables will suffer less from fungal diseases.

They are filled with organic matter: down - coarse and not yet rotten, from above - ready-made compost.
The walls may have holes for planting hanging plants. excess water should be able to leave: the container is made without a bottom.

Praises high beds I see it more and more in magazines. Undoubted advantages:

a) beautiful and easy to use;
b) gives the greatest opportunity to occupy a huge volume with different plants; and on the trellis at the top, and on the surface of the compost, and on the sides - hanging plants;
in) contains a large amount of nutritious compost, which does not require frequent watering and fertilizers;
G) loaded in spring, warms itself and can be a greenhouse for early vegetables;
e) almost does not require weeding and loosening; finally
e) takes up minimal space, does not create dirt and mess.

But, at the same time,

a) it needs to be built, for which it is difficult to find the strength and means;
b) need a lot of organic matter to fill; and
in) this organic matter must be of high quality and nutritious.

These three tiny flaws make the container inaccessible to most summer residents.
Thank God, there are options that almost do not lose their merits, but much easier. And yet, remembering different tastes, let's give the container its due.

First of all, thin materials (plywood, slate, thin boards and especially iron) are hardly suitable for container walls, they heat up too much in the sun. And you can’t put a container in the shade: there will be no harvest.
Further: the container is filled in layers. Rotten trunks and branches, branches, wood chips, shavings are placed at the bottom. All this is moistened with nitrogen fertilizer (urea or any complex) and sprinkled with humus or earth.
Farther, if you need a warming effect, put a layer of manure or unripe compost, waste, grass, straw. And upper layer- 15-20 cm of finished compost or humus.
The latter is poured in a slide: over the summer, the bed will settle heavily. When the plants have already grown up, another layer of mulch is placed on top: husk, straw.

for watering container, it is best to dig in several vertical containers: pipes with holes, plastic bottles.
Even better plastic 5-liter cylinders from drinking water. Filled them a couple of times - and all the watering. In this case, the soil is not compacted, which is very important.
You can also bury leaky hoses wrapped in nylon stockings or other water-permeable synthetics under the humus so that the holes do not clog. The end of the hose sticks out.
It is necessary to water - I connected the watering hose, turned on the water quietly, and was free for 15-20 minutes. The main thing is not to forget to turn off the water in time.

Roof- an expensive business, but, under it, tomatoes will not “burn” from phytophthora, and cucumbers from peronospores (downy mildew).
The spores of these harmful fungi germinate only in droplets of water.
If you protect the plants from rain, and even better - from morning dew (cover with film or agril at night), the plants remain healthy until frost in any year, without any preparations. And under the roof - and dew is much less!
The container heats up quickly. Therefore, even heat-loving crops can be sown directly into it earlier than usual. It is easy, for the first time, to cover the sowing with a film.
By calculating the time and observing the desired arrangement of plants, you can harvest first radishes and cress, grow a trellis in the center tomatoes and cucumbers, after radish grow carrot,beets, onions, and then, all this is the second time, and in the fall there is still time to harvest lettuce or autumn radishes.
More about this - further.

frame it is better to do it thoroughly: firstly, we have strong winds, and secondly, the weight of plants in summer reaches 50 kg per linear meter.
Instead of digging in the spring, a new portion of compost is simply added. Sand or earth should not be mixed with organic matter: this will compact it and settle more strongly.
And here, expanded clay screenings (a trifle) - good filler for compost. It is good to grow seedlings in it, adding mineral supplements and humus.
The container is reliable, but expensive. However, there is a way to harness the power of spring compost without building a container.
Can be attached to compost heap additional compartment. In the spring, half-finished compost that has lain under the film for the winter is thrown there.
Plants are sown in it - best zucchini, pumpkins, cucumbers, tomatoes.
Radish on fatty humus goes "into burdock", and it is better to grow it on old humus.
This year, vegetables sprouted on my composter by themselves - from discarded waste and fruits. They are almost a month ahead of everything that I planted with seedlings, and they are raging in a way that does not happen in the beds, at the very best care.

The sworn couple (medvedka and Colorado potato beetle)

He felt like a resident
Colorado - there were so many bugs!

Medvedka crawled into my beds only this year, although I have been composting manure for four years now, and there is organic matter in the beds.
Having lost the first bushes of seedlings, we, without extra words, applied granules of bazudine. The effect exceeded all expectations: after half an hour, bears crawled out to the surface, which had already been beaten by kondraty.
And at the friend - got out hundreds. Therefore, I stocked up with bazudine - while it works. But, how long will it last?
In general, it is useful to know more about the bear. This beast loves dug and bare soil: so that the nest warms up well.
Observations allow us to think that under thick mulch, in moist, loose soil, the honey-bearer does not settle: it is not comfortable for her there. And if the leaky hoses are buried, they will definitely not live.
In June, at a depth of 10-15 cm, it arranges a nest, and a little to the side, at a depth of half a meter or more - a room for daytime lying.
The place of the nest can often be easily determined: the bear gnaws and knocks down adult plants located 30-40 cm south of the nest - so that they do not shade it.
Seeing this, you can dig a nest.
In water, the bear sinks in 30-40 seconds and, having drowned, no longer comes to life. Therefore, he is very afraid of water. Having found the move, pour water through the funnel. 2-3 liters are enough and the bear creeps out to the surface.
Medvedki are excellently caught on honey. You need to take jars or wide-mouthed bottles, grease them with honey from the inside, below the neck, and dig them in level with the soil. Top cover with a bent piece of iron or cardboard.
Bears climb on honey in large quantities - both large and small. If you are not too lazy to clean and lubricate the bottles every two weeks, during the summer, with the help of a dozen cans, you can catch all the bears.
They tried to protect the plant with a plastic cylinder, but it didn’t last long: after a year, the bears sorted it out and began to crawl inside the cylinder.
Smart animals! But we are smarter: it means that you need to wrap the seedlings in very narrow cylinders. Suitable pieces of thin-walled hose 15-20 cm long or the height of the seedlings.
The segments are cut lengthwise, and the seedlings are carefully inserted into these covers. You need to remove them later, only in case of hilling, in order to get additional roots.
Finally, the most effective prevention: in June, and then in July-August, I shovel dunghills. I destroy all bears here.
My cat especially loves this operation: bears for her are like chips with beer. It eats up to satiety - only the crunch is worth it!
It is just as useful to tear up heaps in winter with a good frost: almost all bears freeze out. Therefore, dealing with a bear is a matter of habit!

Worse with Colorado potato beetle. The most effective thing is to plant every day with a broom and a bucket and, substituting the bucket under the bush, knock the colorac into it with sharp blows. But I can't get used to it! And my daughters and my wife “graze” beetles.
There will definitely be less beetle if beans, beans, cilantro, marigolds are densely planted over potatoes. But, still, you will have to collect often.
Of the drugs in this, the year 2000, the regent worked well. Will it work next year?
The Americans bred the Hairy potato variety. It is so heavily pubescent that the beetle has nowhere to lay its eggs, and “you can’t take it in your mouth” - the pile doesn’t let it in! I heard that we have been testing this variety for four years now. But it is unlikely to reach us: the sellers of chemicals will not allow it.
And here is a sober thought: since the colorac is a gnawing pest, a way out can be found in something that is terribly tasteless for him.
I know summer residents who have been saving potatoes with celandine infusion for several years: a bucket of grass is poured with boiling water, cooled and sprayed once a week.
It is possible that hot pepper will also work (a pound of raw or 100 g of dried fruit is boiled and crushed, then add water to 10 liters).
Whenever spraying plants with aqueous solutions, you need to add an adhesive - a teaspoon washing powder on a bucket.
The replanting of mattiola, the lock of tubers in vodka did not give me any effect. There are many such means, but they are not all reliable, and I will not list them.
But what is worth working on seriously is the potato itself. In reality, the beetle can take away a third, well, half of the crop.
We lose much more if we do not have good technology: we plant late, the tubers do not grow in the heat, there is not enough water - and we collect a kilogram from a bush, when 6-8 kilos are possible! But, more on that later.
And now, let's really look at the "favorite" diseases - late blight and peronospore(or downy mildew) burning cucumbers and melons in August.

Nikolai Ivanovich Kurdyumov, an agronomist by education and a popularizer of knowledge on practical farming, has many followers. They call their land plots, equipped according to his method, a garden according to Kurdyumov. What is the secret of the success of gardening using the technology of Nikolai Ivanovich. We will try to answer all these questions!

about the author

Nikolai Ivanovich Kurdyumov was born in Adler in 1960. In 1982 he graduated from the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev with a degree in Agronomy. After theoretical training at the academy, Nikolai Ivanovich tested all the knowledge gained in practice for many years, using the experience of such scientists as Ovsinsky, Dokuchaev, Timiryazev, Fukuoka and others. Kurdyumov speaks of himself as an adherent of organic, natural farming. For outstanding achievements in viticulture, Kurdyumov was awarded the gold medal of the Third International Exhibition "Golden Bunch of Grapes".

The scientist-agronomist regularly publishes his works in repeatedly reprinted books. The most famous of them are:

"Smart garden";
"Smart garden";
"Smart Vineyard";
"Smart greenhouse";
"The Mastery of Fertility";
"Protection instead of struggle" and others.

The great merit of Nikolai Ivanovich is that he adds invaluable grains of national experience to a good theoretical base and world experience in agriculture.

Four Conditions of Fertility

Kurdyumov considers four conditions of fertility to be the main components of his success:

maintaining a stable level of optimal humidity;
maintaining good breathability;
prevention of overheating of the soil in the summer;
preservation high level carbonic acid in the soil.

Let's consider each of the conditions in more detail.

Optimal and stable humidity

Productive vital activity of microorganisms in the soil is possible only at normal humidity. In too dry land, bacteria are inhibited, and the decomposition of organic matter practically stops in it. In waterlogged, instead of decomposition, harmful putrefactive processes begin. (cm. ).

Soil air permeability

On too compacted soil, plants practically do not grow. If you dig, you will not find worms and insects that process organic matter into humus.

All processes in the soil occur due to oxygen - nitrification of nitrogen, dissolution of phosphorus and potassium by acids. Structured soil, rich in soil tubules, receives much more moisture than compacted soil. This process can be observed in the forest. In it, even after prolonged rains, there is almost no a large number small puddles. All moisture is absorbed deep into the ground.

In summer, the soil should not overheat

And ideally, it should be colder than air, then internal dew will form on the walls of the soil tubules, which regulates humidity. Sharp jumps in day and night temperatures adversely affect the growth and development of plants.

Large amount of carbonic acid

The following biological chain can be traced here: soil with a high content of undecomposed organic matter attracts many insects and worms that decompose organic matter into minerals (, phosphorus, potassium and others) and emit carbon dioxide. The latter, combining with water in the presence of oxygen in the soil, forms carbonic acid, which is capable of converting mineral substances into forms that are digestible for plants. Thus, there is an accumulation of humus - the fertile layer of the earth.

How to ensure that all of these conditions are met?

Nikolai Ivanovich is sure that this can be easily achieved by performing the following agronomic practices:

the use of flat cutters and weeders instead of digging;
mulching the surface of the earth on the beds and aisles;
sowing green manure;
installation of drip irrigation systems;
composting of all organic residues;
arrangement of high fenced beds.

Kurdyumov describes in detail how to properly carry out these techniques.

How to do without digging

Digging up a vegetable garden is hard work that discourages most people from doing agriculture. In addition, we consider obligatory digging twice a year - spring and autumn. As a result of digging in the soil, all natural holes, a kind of "pores" of the earth, are violated. After this procedure, the earth does not remain loose for long - after the very first rains, it becomes compacted and covered with a crust. The vital activity of microorganisms and worms in such conditions is sharply reduced, consequently, its fertility decreases.

The arrangement of the garden according to Kurdyumov involves the replacement of tedious and harmful digging with the use of a flat cutter. It does not disturb the structure of the soil, is easy to use, remarkably cuts the roots of weeds and slightly loosens the top layer.

There are many tools for doing this:

the famous Fokine flat cutter (small and large);
various pololniki, or flat cutters-loops;
hand cultivators similar to different shapes flat cutters with a wheel that facilitates the work.

To quickly and efficiently process a large area from weeds, gardeners make home-made tools by welding a flat cutter or weeder to a frame with a wheel from a wheelbarrow, a children's bicycle or a stroller.

The benefits of mulching

Mulch is any material that lies on the surface of the soil and shade it from the sun. To create a mulch layer use:

newspapers,
sawdust,
cut grass,
crushed bark,
vegetable peelings,
or .

A thick layer of mulch solves several problems for the gardener at once:

significantly reduces the growth of weeds;
prevents overheating of the soil;
contributes to the retention of soil moisture;
decomposing, it provides nutrition to microorganisms, increasing fertility.

Kurdyumov considers the most useful mulch to be the one in which there is a lot of carbon - wood chips, tree branches, foliage.

Large particles should preferably be crushed with special device- garden shredder It creates an optimal fraction - the mulch does not cake and does not dry out.

We sow green manure

Kurdyumov repeatedly noticed that bare land, devoid of a vegetative "blanket", quickly loses its structure and fertile layer. In nature, bare land does not exist, it is quickly covered with vegetation. Nikolai Ivanovich suggests doing the same: after harvesting an early crop, sow fast-growing crops and prune them, without waiting for flowering and seed formation. Thus, three problems are solved:

the earth is always covered with vegetation;
trimmed green manure enrich the soil with organic matter;
green manure is used as mulch.

For soil manure, fast-growing cereals and herbs are used. Of these, the most popular are:

winter rye;
oil radish;
Vika;
peas;
lupine annual;
alfalfa and others.

Before sowing green manure, it is necessary to take into account some subtleties.

For example, after harvesting cruciferous crops, you can not sow radish and mustard, as they also belong to the cruciferous family. Even when sowing green manure, it is advisable to use crop rotation - do not sow crops of the same family for more than one year in one garden.

Green manure is sown thickly so that they stand like a wall and cover the whole earth. Before winter they are sown a little less often.

The lawn is also considered as a permanent green manure, appropriate everywhere, except for mulched beds and trunk circles of very young plants.

Why drip irrigation is needed

It differs from the usual one in that it does not erode the top layer of the earth, after which it becomes covered with a crust. Frequent small drops from a special hose with holes fall deep into the soil directly to the roots, and the surface remains loose. The drip irrigation system is bought in specialized stores or made independently. They look like the photo below:

The water heated in the tank flows under a slight pressure through the pipes to the beds, where hoses with holes are laid. By sampling, it is easy to determine how long to open the tap so that the plants receive a sufficient amount of moisture. If necessary, liquid fertilizers are added to the barrel - a fermented infusion of weeds, which is pre-filtered so that the holes do not clog. Thus, growing vegetables on the advice of Kurdyumov, the gardener is relieved of the need to carry heavy buckets and watering cans with water.

Composting

Kurdyumov advises to crush all organic waste and use it instead of mulch in the beds. But it is advisable to compost fresh manure or the contents of dry closets first so that the level of nitrates in the soil does not rise sharply. When installing a composter, the following points should be considered:

build walls from mesh material so that air exchange is not disturbed and rotting processes do not begin instead of overheating;
cover the compost bin with a lid to regulate the moisture content of the compost;
stir the contents regularly with a fork so that the top layer does not dry out, and the lower ones receive enough air;
to accelerate the decomposition of compost, use the preparations "Baikal" and "Shine";
the addition of ash makes the compost more balanced in terms of the content of nutrients.

It is desirable to use such a fertilizer on the beds according to Kurdyumov in a year, so that all the seeds of weeds hatch and rot in it.

Gardening lessons from Kurdyumov - video

High warm beds

According to Kurdyumov, stationary beds-boxes are much more convenient than ordinary flat beds. There are several reasons for this:

The beds according to Kurdyumov are made in the following sequence:

knock down the box right size from any suitable material- boards, slate, profiled sheet remnants;
mark a place for a bed and remove a layer of earth by 30–40 cm;
cover the bottom of the future beds with cardboard so that perennial weeds do not break through;
pour a layer of drainage from crushed branches, chips, bark, leaves, reeds, flavored with ash and watered with fermented herbal infusion;
lay semi-rotted material - compost, rotten forest litter;
finish the formation with a layer of finished compost.

A warm bed arranged in this way will provide crops with all the necessary elements for several years. A few years later, the bed is re-formed.

In conclusion, Nikolai Ivanovich gives the last piece of advice:

Each region of Russia has its own climate and weather conditions. Therefore, do not apply all the tips thoughtlessly - some of them may not suit your conditions. Keep a close eye on your garden and change your farming practices in such a way that the plants feel great. That's when you get a real garden according to Kurdyumov.

Video: how to fertilize the garden according to Kurdyumov?

N. Kurdyumov

Smart garden in detail

For the kind opportunity

thanks everyone

Most of the epigraphs

I stole from Andrey Knyshev,

for which many thanks to him.

Instead of a preface

“There are few good books. I hope that with the advent of this one, there will be even fewer of them.”

A. Knyshev

What is this book about?

May all and sundry grow stronger and prosper!

Those who are familiar with my past creations already know how to arrange a fruitful and beautiful garden, in which there is almost no place for struggle and hard work, and time passes mainly for various pleasures, such as: creativity in design beds and the formation of plants and trees, mowing a motley grass lawn, inventing and arranging ever new tricks that allow you to do nothing, reasonable types of plant care with anticipation, admiring blooming flowers and newly appeared design corners, as well as pouring fruits and green vegetables (practically - the main pleasure for which we keep dachas), detachment from everyday problems, friendly barbecues and even such rarities as just lounging and sleeping in broad daylight, with complete peace of mind.

In other words, this book is about success .

About five years ago I made an epoch-making discovery for myself: success is not just centners of vegetables and fruits.

Success is to create a cottage that gives you constant pleasure. And vegetables, and fruits, and a sea of \u200b\u200bbeauty, and all this to receive without tension and fatigue, without anxiety and routine, but with pleasure - this is success!

Discovering the essence of success turned my life in a new, much more rewarding direction.

Since then, I have been busy constantly inventing, searching and arranging my site towards the ideal state. Every year I change something, check, compare.

This is what I am sharing with you. It's the search.

I do not give ready-made instructions, but offer directions with examples and experience.

I do not pretend to be an integral technology - it is still far from it. I invite you to move along.

« Smart garden in detail”, unfortunately, is richer and heavier than the “Smart Garden”. On the other hand, it is much fuller.

There will be more specific techniques and methods, devices and recipes. Will and general theory, and applied "philosophy" - for those who are not yet familiar with it.

I will do my best to make this book funny. This is another discovery of mine: the more fun the book, the easier it is to put into practice.

Despite the abundance of material, the book, nevertheless, is, first of all, about how to minimize unproductive work and add to you a modicum of personal freedom.

I myself am a big lazy person. I take my hat off to diligence, but I am sure that it is not our way out - we already work much more than is necessary.

It's just that our work on earth is not effective enough. A real lazy person, a lazy person with a capital letter, won't lift a finger until he figure out how to save himself from unnecessary work, and get more.

What a useful quality, right?

Now, let me introduce myself:

Hello!

Sometimes I have a feeling

unreasonable selfishness...

I am Nikolai Kurdyumov, for friends and wife - Nick. My body recently celebrated its fortieth birthday, but I myself - no more than twenty-seven.

In Timiryazevka, my wife Tatyana and I studied at the very beginning of the eighties and to the fullest we used the opportunities available even then to travel through the mountains and rivers, take photographs, delve into the theatrical and musical life, and not part with the guitar.

Then, three charming kids appeared, and we got carried away with pedagogy and health systems.

As teachers, they ended up in Azov, at the school of M.P. Shchetinin. Since then we have been living here: the children finish school. And very successful! With glitter. The son - with silver, the middle daughter - with gold. The youngest, on this occasion, is thoughtful.

Having gone through the hopelessly unemployed perestroika period, I remembered that I had learned how to cut trees well. Later, it suddenly turned out that it was necessary and in demand.

Then it became clear that science, books and shops are a beautiful wish, and dachas are a reality that is very far from them.

Finally, it turned out that the wildness of our dachas is by no means an obligatory thing, although it is methodically created by science and culture.

By the time, Ron Hubbard's system of knowledge* came across - technologies for enhancing abilities, solving problems and creating success.

Eyes were opened to the huge difference between what we want, what we do and what we get as a result.

And so my profession arose - gardening "success". Tanya and I are busy developing it: I work with large gardens, she works with small ones.

Forming gardens is more of my profession, and gardening is more of a hobby, because I only garden in my spare time.

I dream of becoming a real gardener - in the old days these were people who were able to grow everything from an orange to a radish.

And now I am a promoter. And I am very concerned that the book be intelligible, and that you would understand everything exactly as I understand it myself. Even better.

Conclusion - the place where you are tired of thinking ...

1. main reason for which the text may seem incomprehensible is one unfamiliar word .

One single word that you don't clearly imagine or misunderstand in context.

You can ignore this and keep reading. But, this is already practically useless: after the missed word, an empty strip remains in the memory!

And now, after reading half a page more, you suddenly feel that you are tired, it is no longer interesting to read, the thread is lost, and in general the author is too smart, and you are not too savvy in science.

About life, about life and only about it

The poet sings to the drop.

After all, there is nothing more for a poet to watch,

And nothing more to hover over ...

What is this book about?

This book, like "Smart Garden", is about how to arrange a comfortable, productive and beautiful garden, in which rest and pleasure are the main activities, and routine work and struggle are an insignificant addition.

It is this garden that is normal and natural. Here you control the development of plants confidently and without tension. You, a busy city dweller, come here with pleasure on weekends - not to work hard, but to change the situation, relax and renew your impressions. Here even your loved ones, who usually look for an excuse to stay at home, find interest for themselves - it’s enough that you are not obsessed, exhausted and do not strain anyone!

Unlike our traditional gardening, one of the main goals of which is to load a person with work as much as possible, reasonable dacha use seeks to minimize labor and give you a modicum of personal freedom. At the same time, the randomness of the harvest is outlawed, and methods are applied that increase the likelihood of a return of the garden and vegetable garden.

Now the rationality of dacha use is more relevant than ever. It happens that the very awareness of the meaning of the contents of the dacha returns its former interest, resolves problems with relatives, and even greatly improves harmony. family relations. And I have solved many of my problems with intelligent gardening, and I will continue to do so. interesting question until I myself learn everything I write and talk about. And I try to tell only about what I can, what were able or know how other people. They have learned it themselves. We can also learn everything from own experience: to be able is to do. But they have spent decades on this, and we, using their experience, can learn faster.

"Smart Garden in Details" is the "Smart Garden" developed and fattened by new information. I am typing the first lines, and already I regret that the book will lose its lightness. But there is too much to say. Accumulated. There will be several new chapters - about the nuances of shaping, about the laws of pruning, about working with mature trees, about growth regulation, about varieties and ways to propagate desired plants. Old chapters will change to reflect the new experience. There will also be "applied philosophy", but I will try to be brief and not lose my sense of humor. But in general, any good book should be fun, especially "Usnechology". What is this book about? Of course, about success. About success, whatever one may say, and only about it.

And now I want to introduce myself:

Hello!

I am Nikolai Ivanovich Kurdyumov, for friends - Nick. I am already 39 (a nightmare, how the years fly by! Tomorrow should be another end of the world. If only time would stop!) In Timiryazevka, my wife Tatyana Mikhailovna and I studied at the very beginning of the 80s. They lived happily, were engaged in tourism, author's song, photography, music, were interested in psychology and pedagogy; All this is near and dear to us now. Children, it turns out, have already grown up, and very successfully continue this business. Ivan at sixteen is a student at KTU. Julia will finish school at fifteen and is preparing for a music school. Tasya hasn't made up her mind yet, but she has enough energy for all of us put together. We live together, albeit crowded in the village of Azov.

At first I just trimmed the trees. Then I discovered that I needed. Then it became clear that in books and shops - beautiful desired, having nothing in common with the unsightly summer cottage real. Finally, it turned out that the wildness of our dachas is a thing, although introduced by culture, but not at all obligatory.

Productive methods were found for giving, and usnechology was found - technologies of success developed by Ron Hubbard (USA). They turned out to be so practical that it was necessary to develop this direction. What Tanya and I are doing now: I work with large gardens, she works with small ones. At the same time, their owner often interests us more than the garden: after all, he must meaningfully work himself after us.

That's how the profession came to be. You could call yourself a gardener, but a gardener is a master who knows how to masterfully grow everything from peach to radish. In the meantime, without a title, I have to tell and write books for a long time. And to tell about all the good things, to be honest, I love almost more than growing gardens. So now I am a promoter. I write about how best to dacha. And very concerned about the intelligibility of the text of the book. I will try to write as simply as possible, and you, please, try to read without leaving anything incomprehensible to yourself.

Scientific research is to read

a few books that no one has read,

and write another one

Least of all I aspire to write a scientific book, and most of all, a book that is practical, useful, and entertaining. And for a book to be useful, good content is not enough. It is important that it does not contain not a single word whose meaning you did not understand or understood in part, approximately, with difficulty. It is the obscure word that is the reason for the loss of the thread of reasoning. It is the vague words that are the reason why the book is not easy to read, it is uninteresting, annoying, and you feel that you are too illiterate and stupid. Thank God no! You are all right, this is the author, trying to show his colleagues his competence, used the language adopted in their company. It turns out that the book was not written for you. Therefore, I tried to reduce the incomprehensibility of the text to a minimum. There is a glossary at the end of the book. I marked all suspicious words with a + sign and placed them there. Not only terms. It is important that we interpret common (seemingly!) words in the same way. Then you will understand exactly what I wanted to say, and we will not have to argue.

And now you understand the text. It's enough for entertainment. For use, no. To use the book read it in the garden. Find, look at and touch everything mentioned. Create in a micro-volume, on one tree, on one square meter, what you need to see. And often watch how it behaves. Then you will have experience- the same hook, without which, with all the efforts, “do not take the fish out of the pond” of your success. Knowledge is just bait!

P.S. A major drawback of the book, which cannot be avoided: there is too much different detailed information in it. Please read it little by little, with long breaks, like several separate little books.

Chapter 1. MEET SUCCESS IS NORMAL (my applied philosophy)

It's not easy to rise above yourself

And hardly everyone can do it.

But that's all, we're that tall.

Which ceiling did you choose?

T. Smirnova

I always experience great pleasure meeting with successful ways life. It is impossible, impossible, and suddenly - there is! Impossible, unthinkable, but here it is! Everyone got used to it, imbued it, sucked in “patience and work…” with their mother’s milk, and suddenly one took it and didn’t believe it, checked it, thought and broke it! - did much better. And after all, nowhere is easier - how did you not think of it before ?! The most interesting thing is what happens next. Then the friends were delighted, the press made a noise, science criticized, and success quietly sank to the bottom. And for major successes often had to fight, and cruelly. Success does not take root in our world. Because the holders of power and science cannot live with people who do not need their control and guardianship. Because if success is spread, the holders of the economy and politics will not be able to sell us anything - their income is based on our inability and helplessness. But success is life itself. Achievements, like seeds, settle, but then germinate. Progress is still taking place, and only because someone once showed that this is both better and simpler.