Pawnshop business plan: what documents are needed to open. How profitable is it to open your own pawnshop and what is needed for this

The pawnshop business is considered to be a profitable business all over the world. The profitability of such a business reaches 40 percent. And this is a very high figure. The profitability of the pawnshop remains high and tends to grow when the banking system in the country weakens, production is reduced. And the most interesting thing is that the country has a developed middle class. It is he who is the main consumer of pawnshop services.

Pawn business: theory and practice

If you have a desire and a penchant for the pawn business, then you should do this business. It is very difficult to burn out at a pawnshop.

So, you've decided to open a pawnshop? What do we have to do? Before opening your own business in the pawnshop business, you need to study the market in which you will have to work, carefully read the legislation governing the activities of pawnshops and the relevant by-laws. This includes regulations, government regulations Russian Federation and instructions, rules and requirements.

Is it profitable to open a pawnshop?

Engaging in the pawnshop business is a profitable business, so the number of companies and individuals involved in it is constantly increasing. According to information received from government sources, the number of pawnshops in our country is increasing annually by at least 150 companies. This year is no exception. Therefore, when studying the market, you need to find out the number of companies that are engaged in the pawn business in your city. To what extent do they meet the needs of the population in such services?

You need to find a niche for yourself, that is, a direction that you will be engaged in. Whether you will specialize in household appliances or vehicles, whether you will deal exclusively with jewelry and gold or real estate - all this must be determined even before opening a pawnshop. It should be borne in mind that a pawnshop is, in fact, a small bank that lends to the population for a short, most often, period. But unlike a bank, this credit institution deals only with loans and only on the security of movable or immovable property.

The pawnshop works only with the population. Therefore, in order not to go bankrupt and have a constant profit, the pledged property must be liquid. Simply put, it should be such that it can be implemented quickly. When choosing a specialization, this point must be taken into account.

After you have studied the market, decided on a specialization, you can start directly opening a pawnshop.

Opening a pawnshop and the Law

Above we have already discussed the legislation regulating the activities of pawnshops. If before making a decision to open your own pawnshop business, you could only get acquainted with it, then after a positive decision is made, the legislation must be studied in detail.

Knowledge of the laws and strict observance of them is the key to success in your chosen field. By the way, in the pawnshop business, deviation from the requirements of the law is punishable by a fine. And the fines are huge.

The basis of the activity of the pawnshop is Federal Law "On Pawnshops"... Its number is 196. It entered into force on July 19, 2007. This law defines the status of a pawnshop as commercial organization whose activities are of a specific nature. The law allows the issuance of short-term loans secured by personal property. The term of the loan is up to 1 year. During this period, the pledged property must be kept by the creditor. It is prohibited to sell the pledged property before the expiration of the term.

The mortgaged property must be appraised before the loan is issued. A loan agreement is required. This agreement specifies the terms of validity, property valuation, the rate at which the loan is issued, the amount disbursed.

The pledge ticket is made in two copies. The first is given to the borrower, the second remains with the lender.

The pawnshop has the right to sell the pledged property only if the delay has exceeded one month. In this case, the pledged property goes to open sale... But if its value exceeds the amount established by law (the law specifies an amount equal to 30,000 rubles), then the property is sold at auction, that is, at an open auction.

Pawnshops themselves are prohibited from trading. The pledge either goes to an open trading network for sale, or you will have to open an additional company, the task of which will be the sale of the pledged property.

You will also have to be guided in your activities by the order of a federal organization called "RosFinMonitoring"... This order was issued on 03.08. 2010 at number 203. It has a long name, so we will not give it in full, we will only say that this order approves the Regulation, which determines the requirements for the activities of pawnshops. This Regulation sets out the requirements for the education and training of personnel, for operations with property and in cash how to counteract the laundering of criminal proceeds, the financing of extremist organizations and terrorist groups. The regulation determines the terms of training for pawnshop employees, how and what they should be trained, as well as the frequency of retraining of personnel.

This order has the force of law. Failure to comply with its requirements can lead, at a minimum, to administrative liability, and malicious evasion of requirements can lead to the closure of the company. If a pawnshop is engaged in issuing loans secured by jewelry, then its activities are subject to Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation at number 68. It was published in 2001 on August 29th. This order approves the Instruction that determines the procedure, accounting and reporting when working with precious metals and precious stones.

These are the main legislative documents, the requirements of which need to be guided by the pawnshop in its activities.

The legislation of the Russian Federation determines that taxes are collected from pawnshops on a general basis. At the same time, the Tax Code determines in Article No. 149 that VAT is not charged on interest received by a pawnshop. It is levied on the storage of the mortgaged property. It follows that the accounting report will have to be kept separately for both the storage of collateral and the receipt of interest on the loan.

Opening a pawnshop: step by step instructions

Choosing a place, registering a pawnshop

Having studied the legislative acts, we proceed to the registration of registration documents. But first, in the step-by-step instructions “How to open a pawnshop?”, It seems to us that it is better to decide on the place where the pawnshop will be located. It is advisable to choose a place where it is always crowded. For example, on a busy street or in a public public institution. You need to come up with a name and advertising for your company. Advertising should be bright, but discreet, attractive.

To register a pawnshop, as Russian practice shows best, as a company with limited liability... The required list of documents can always be obtained from Tax Inspectorate... You can simply download them on the Internet at the appropriate site.

A license to operate a pawnshop is not issued.

After registering with the Tax Service, it is mandatory to register with the nearest branch of RosFinMonitoring. This must be done within a month after receiving state registration. If you intend to work with jewelry, you will have to get up and on a special account. Such registration is put in the Assay Chamber of the Russian Federation or in the branches of the Chamber. After registration, you will be issued a certificate of assay supervision. Then you will have to check your laboratory scales. Further checks of the scales are carried out in the prescribed manner - once a year.

What do you need to open a pawnshop?

Registration is completed, the place is selected, now you can start hiring staff and determine what is needed to open a pawnshop. Let us first give a list of equipment that will be needed for the work of a pawnshop, which has a broad specialization.

Will definitely need retail store equipment: showcases, racks that will be located on the trading floor, warehouse racks, racks (they are also counters), a cash drawer (several units are possible), a safe, an information board.

You will need office equipment, including a computer with an Internet connection. To ensure the security of the object, you will need to install metal door... The door should have a window and a bell. Naturally, the pawnshop must be equipped with a security system.

The pawnshop should also have special equipment for checking the property provided as collateral. For some types of property, it is better to use the services of third parties, for example, to check the performance and assess the value of the car. But for checking and evaluating jewelry, the equipment should be at hand. The set of such equipment includes laboratory scales, reagents and tools for checking jewelry.

Personnel for work in a pawnshop are selected depending on the type of activity, schedule and amount of work. But the staff always includes a director, an accountant, security workers, appraisers (they are also managers and sellers). You can select employees yourself, or you can contact the employment office or a recruitment agency.

Pawnshops are distributed all over the world and bring considerable profit to their owners. Pawnshop clients are middle-class people. In our country, pawnshops located in the city center are in great demand, which should be taken into account when looking for premises for a pawnshop.

The pawnshop makes a profit all year round, but spring and autumn are considered the most profitable. As a rule, this is due to the fact that most people prepare for holidays in the spring, and in the fall they need money after returning from vacation.
In this article, we will tell you what is needed to open a pawnshop, how profitable this type of business is, and what risks a businessman who wants to open a pawnshop may face.

Opening a pawnshop, like any other, needs start-up investments. Besides necessary equipment, rent of premises and salaries of employees, as a rule, no additional costs will have to be incurred.

In order to open a pawnshop, you need the following:

• rent a room and take care of its proper protection;
• install video surveillance;
• install an alarm system;
• purchase safes, cells and other special furniture.

If you plan to open a universal pawnshop, the optimal area of ​​​​the premises should be about 100m². For a pawnshop specializing only in the acceptance of jewelry, 20 m² will be enough.

Important for the full and uninterrupted operation of the pawnshop is the following:

1. software, which will help to serve customers efficiently and quickly;
2. the necessary equipment for assessing and weighing accepted jewelry;
3. the presence of an advertising stand in front of the entrance to the pawnshop, to attract visitors.

Staff

As a rule, a small team consisting of a security guard, an appraiser, an accountant and cashiers work in a pawnshop.

The choice of personnel must be approached with all seriousness. However, the most serious is the selection of candidates for the position of appraiser. The incumbent of this position must have good experience and high qualifications to distinguish a fake from a real precious metal. The profitability of any pawnshop depends on the work of the appraiser.

Any entrepreneur who wants to open a pawnshop must, first of all, decide on the type of legal board - OJSC, CJSC or LLC. You can first consult with lawyers and even order legal support. Many companies, for a fee, provide services and help with the preparation of the necessary documentation.

So, in order to be able to open a pawnshop and carry out legitimate business activities, you must have the following documents on hand:

1. registration certificate;
2. documents proving ownership of the premises or lease agreement;
3. permission from SES.

The operation procedure of a pawnshop is quite simple and transparent - a person brings and gives a certain value to a pawnshop, for which he receives a part of its value. The assessment is made by the appraiser and announced to the client. Such loans are issued for a fairly short period, often not exceeding one month. At the end of the appointed period, the client brings money, pays a fixed percentage and takes his valuables.

In the event that the client cannot redeem his valuables after the expiration of the appointed period, the loan agreement is extended while maintaining the original conditions. After several renewals, the pawnshop has the right to put the value up for sale.

Practice shows that clients who need money are much more willing to turn to pawnshops than to banks or microfinance organizations. This is understandable, since money can be received on the same day and there is no need to provide a large number of documents. In addition, pawnshops do not require a guarantor.

Pawnshop owners take less risk when lending money to customers than banks. Having issued the money, the pawnshop leaves certain valuables as collateral - gold, silver and other valuables. Even if the client does not return to fulfill the terms of the contract and return the money, the pawnshop does not lose anything, as it can sell the pawned jewelry and return its money. Therefore, this type of business activity is considered the least risky of all existing today.

Payback pawnshop

Practice shows that the payback period of a pawnshop does not exceed one and a half years. However, the specifics of the work of pawnshops is such that the first six months can be very difficult in financial plan... Most pawnshops do not survive this bar and close after not even a year. Therefore, the most important thing is to stay on the market for at least two years.

If crisis period passed successfully and the pawnshop began to make a profit, then its size can reach up to 4 thousand dollars a month. So, a pawnshop is the least risky and rather profitable type of business with a short payback period. It is very profitable to open a pawnshop as an additional business, having an existing one.

Potential risks

As in any activity, there are certain risks in this type of business. Let's define the main categories that you should pay closer attention to.

The first risk is associated with the difficulties of determining the value of the accepted products. In order not to work at a loss, it is necessary to ensure that the state has a qualified and experienced appraiser who can distinguish real jewelry from fakes.

Another risk is related to the origin of the delivered goods. It is almost impossible to make sure whether the client is the owner of the values ​​to be handed over. Therefore, in some cases, law enforcement can seize stolen valuables, which will lead to certain losses.

Good luck to you!

Catalog of ideas for making money:

Despite the abundance of banks and microcredit organizations that offer the most variety of options loans, the services of ordinary pawnshops have been in great demand among citizens for many years. Not ideal credit history, the need to collect too many documents or wait a long time for a decision - there are many reasons why it is not always convenient for a person to go to the bank if they urgently need money. But in a pawnshop, the required amount will be given instantly and without unnecessary formalities, as a rule, on the security of expensive jewelry. In the meantime, there is a demand for the service, you can earn on this demand. We will figure out how to open a pawnshop and how profitable this enterprise can become.

Business specifics and legal framework

The main source of income of any pawnshop is the issuance of loans in the amount of 70-80 percent of the assessed value of the pledged property. At the same time, the risk of the organization is minimized: if the borrower does not return the loan, the pledge is sold and all costs are thus compensated.

Anyone who plans to open a pawnshop needs to know: a separate entity... A pawnshop cannot sell borrowers' property on its own.

And yet, minimal risk does not mean its complete absence. Certain problems may arise if the client of the pawnshop obtained the collateral property illegally. Although appraisers are not required to determine where a visitor has a brooch or earrings, if this property turns out to have a “criminal” past, law enforcement agencies may well confiscate dubious gizmos.

In addition, the pawnshop is responsible for the safety of the pledged property, so it must be insured for the entire time that it is in the warehouse.

An agreement concluded by a pawnshop with clients must provide for all conditions, terms for the repurchase of the pledged property, its estimated value and interest paid for the use of credit funds. Drawing up a standard contract is best entrusted to experienced lawyers.

Usually, borrowers try to return their things, and for this they need to pay in full and on time, but a certain part of the pledged things still remains unredeemed. In this case, the pledge may be sent for free sale or, if its value exceeds 30,000 rubles, for an auction.

The work of pawnshops in the Russian Federation is regulated by the relevant regulations:

• Federal Law “On Pawnshops” dated July 19, 2007, No. 196. According to it, pawnshops can issue loans for up to one year, store borrowers’ property and must evaluate and insure it.
• Regulations on the training of personnel working with money and material values, approved by Order No. 203 of Rosfinmonitoring dated August 03, 2010. In accordance with it, the pawnshop undertakes to conduct periodic training of personnel on AML and CFT. In addition, Rosfinmonitoring authorities should be informed about all transactions for amounts exceeding 600 thousand rubles.
• Instructions for accounting and storage of precious metals and stones No. 68-n. dated 29.08.2001.

We draw up documents

To open a pawnshop, first of all, you will need to register with the State Inspectorate for Assay Supervision and Rosfinmonitoring.

Within one month from the date of registration of a legal entity, the following documents must be submitted to the Federal Financial Monitoring Service:

• application, signed by the director with the seal of the organization;
• a card in form 2-kpu, which indicates the employee responsible for internal control (notarized).

To register with the Assay Office, you will also need a number of documents:

• statement;
• accounting card in a special form;
• a copy of the state registration certificate;
• a lease agreement for premises or supporting documents for the property;
• a copy of the information letter with statistics codes;
• founding documents.

In addition, before opening a pawnshop and starting its work, you need to get:

• permission from Rospotrebnadzor, which will list all the services provided by the organization;
• registration card and certificate of assay supervision.

A pawn shop does not need a license.

For bookkeeping, select common system taxation: a pawnshop cannot use any preferential tax regimes. You also need to know that accounting should be kept separately: for interest income and for storage of property.

Room search

The main requirement for the premises of a pawnshop is its good location: in a “passing” place next to transport stops, preferably on the first or basement floor. The ideal place for a pawnshop is in a residential area: usually things are taken to a pawnshop not far from home.

At the beginning of work, you are unlikely to need a large room, two spacious rooms are enough: one is used as a warehouse, the second is to work with clients. The warehouse will need shelving and at least one safe. Reception office needs to be furnished comfortable furniture and equipped with everything necessary for receiving and evaluating things, as well as accounting for loan transactions.

This territory will be sufficient if you first specialize in the reception of watches, jewelry and technology. To store antiques, paintings and fur coats, special conditions will be required ( certain temperature and humidity) and, of course, additional premises... If later you want to take cars and other vehicles as collateral, you can’t do without a guarded parking lot.

The room must have a fire and burglar alarm, video surveillance, in addition, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with a specialized company for physical security.

Staff

To accept collateral, you will need qualified appraisers. The level of skill should be quite high: an experienced specialist will be able to identify a fake, understand the characteristics of precious stones and metals. Of course, this will require the appropriate equipment.

If you plan to accept not only jewelry, but also appliances, you will need appraisers who are well versed in it: the same employee is unlikely to be an expert in everything. Thus, two receivers should work per shift.

How to get started

When determining opening hours, keep in mind that most often clients come to the pawnshop in the evening - after work, so it is better if the office is open until late.

You will not need a large-scale advertising campaign: it is enough to make a bright sign and distribute flyers-ads in the surrounding houses and organizations so that the residents of the area are aware of where, if necessary, they can intercept money.

You should not count on the fact that satisfied customers will recommend you to their friends: usually people do not advertise their financial difficulties and the visits to the pawnshop associated with them. So that advertisements needs to be constantly updated.

How much does it cost to open a pawnshop?

When compiling a detailed business plan for a pawnshop, you need to remember that the main monetary investment here is working capital, the amount from which loans will be issued. To start productive work, it should be at least 10 million rubles.

There will be initial costs to open a business and equip an office, they will amount to about 500-800 thousand rubles. This will include:

• renovation and furnishing of office premises;
• purchase of office equipment and software;
• purchase of a safe and special equipment for evaluation;
• creation of promotional materials.

In addition to one-time expenses, there will also be monthly expenses:

• rent of premises - 150 thousand rubles;
• staff salaries - 300 thousand rubles;
• insurance - 50-80 thousand rubles;
• advertising - 10 thousand rubles;
• security - 150-160 thousand rubles.

The average rate for loans in pawnshops is about 10 percent. In order for the institution to work without loss (to cover monthly expenses), it is necessary to issue loans for 8–9 million rubles monthly. This means that 20-30 people should use the services of a pawnshop per day. When calculating costs and profits, one must also keep in mind that things not redeemed by the owners, most likely, will not be sold immediately, it will take some time.

As a rule, it takes 6–12 months to break even and recoup the initial investment. This largely depends on the location of the pawnshop and the advertising campaign, as well as how much competition there is in the market.

The correct assessment of the value of precious metals is the key to the success of a pawnshop

Today, pawnshop clients are middle-income people. Such institutions are in demand in the sleeping areas of megacities, and in the city center, if we are talking about a small town. This pattern is explained by the fact that the middle class of the population is settled according to this principle.

For loan offices seasonality - spring or autumn... Most often, people need money before the holidays or after it, to pay current loans. This jump is insignificant, and does not exceed 10%.

How to open a pawnshop

As with opening any business, capital investments will be a mandatory start. In addition to rent and equipment, the cost part includes hiring staff and an advertising budget.

What you need to open a pawnshop:

• rental of premises;
• covering the entire room with iron wire;
• conducting and establishing video surveillance;
• installation of an alarm system and taking the object under protection;
• purchase of special furniture, safes, cells for storing pledged property (this equipment should be of two types - for daily and long-term storage);
• car pawnshops should be equipped with parking lots in the adjacent territory.

A universal loan office will require from 50 to 100 m² of rented area. If the institution accepts only precious metals, then this figure may drop to 20-30 m².

Staff

The team of any pawnshop is small. Apart from the owner, it can consist of 4 people.

1. Merchandiser-appraiser
2. Security guard
3. Accountant
4. Manager

The most dangerous and risky position is the work of a merchandise appraiser... He must correctly evaluate the product so that the company does not remain in the red; must follow the market and have a good understanding of the value of jewelry. Distinguishing gold from fakes is also very important, so a good stable experience is needed here.

The work of other employees is less significant.

What else do you need to open a pawn shop?

For service to be high level, you will need good software that will allow you not to delay customers.

The equipment for weighing and evaluating is also original. It includes scales, magnifying glasses, a technique for determining the authenticity of diamonds.

If you plan to receive digital and household appliances, then you need to stock up on disks, headphones, batteries, so that you can easily check the health of the devices.

Read also: How to make money selling goods from China, where to start and how much you can earn in %am_current_year%

How much does it cost to open your own pawn shop? the total of the above expenses will be approximately 1 million rubles.

Required documents

Any owner needs to register his future business and choose the appropriate type of legal board for himself. It can be: LLC, CJSC, OJSC.
To ensure that this process does not drag out and meets all standards, we advise you to contact a company that provides legal services of just such a profile.

Documents that will be needed for registration of an object of entrepreneurial activity:

• company charter;
• the decision to establish it;
• if there are several owners, then the agreement of founders signed between them;
• permission to engage in this type of activity;
• payment of state duty;
• declaration of desire to register your business.

List of documents required for full-fledged work pawnshop:

• registration certificate;
• documents that will prove the right of ownership or lease of premises;
• conclusion from the sanitary station listing the types of work performed.

Lend people and make money from it

Pawnshop as a business - is it profitable to do it?

The procedure for obtaining a loan at a pawnshop is very simple: a person pledges a thing and receives an amount for it that does not exceed 95% of the appraised value. This loan is given for one month only.

If the borrower is not able to redeem his property at the end of the month, the values ​​are re-mortgaged, but at the same time interest rate and storage costs are rising. If the second time to redeem the thing did not work, it is put up for public auction.

A pawnshop, as a lender of small amounts, is much more convenient than a bank. There is no paperwork, no need to provide income statements, and cash is issued within two hours.

Good returns can be achieved using one of the following business strategies.

Profit from paid interest rates

In this case, the owner is interested that the commodity balances are not stale and, in the end, are redeemed by borrowers. It is permissible for them to leave only 5-10% of all pledged values.

Purchase of gold, precious metals and stones

This strategy is based on the resale of cheaply bought jewelry. Here it is necessary to greatly underestimate the estimated cost and put forward "unaffordable" interest for borrowers.

Pawnshops can also be divided according to the types of pledged values, but most often they are precious metals - gold, and stones - diamonds.

If the piece of jewelry has inserts made of other metals or stones, then they are deducted from the total weight of the item. The main criteria for evaluating a piece of jewelry is the fineness of gold and its weight.

There are also car pawnshops where cars are mortgaged property.
It is rather unprofitable to buy clothes or household appliances although there is demand in the market.

• How to open a jewelry store

Pawnshops have been springing up like mushrooms lately. Every now and then you see advertisements in the subway, transport, on the Internet, in various newspapers and magazines, that certain financial institutions are ready to give you a loan against the outpost of precious metals, real estate and movable property. Each pawnshop offers some of its own, special conditions, luring customers with low rates, preferential loan terms, different systems loyalty and discounts.

A completely logical question arises, is the activity of pawnshops really so profitable that their number is increasing every day? In this article, we will talk about how to open a pawnshop what is needed for this, and what profit can be received in the first month of its activity.

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How to open a pawnshop: we study the legislative framework

The first thing you need to start opening your own pawnshop is to study the legislative framework, and all the regulatory legal acts regulating the work of a pawnshop. When starting any business, it is important to clearly understand what you will work with, how to protect yourself, and what to rely on, and opening a pawnshop is no exception. Already at the planning stage, study all the intricacies of this case, delve into the standards of the financial activities of the pawnshop, understand what rights you have as a borrower, and the one to whom you will lend money. It is necessary to understand everything in detail, so that later you don’t “break wood”, and not get into a difficult and unpleasant situation.

In Russia, the main law regulating the activities of pawnshops is the Federal Law of 2007 N 196-FZ of July 19 “On Pawnshops”.

In the context of this article, we will not consider the entire law in detail, because you must do it yourself, paying due attention to it, but we will highlight the main aspects that everyone who wants to open a pawnshop simply needs to know and understand.

• A pawnshop is a commercial, financial organization, the main purpose of which is to issue money to the population on the security of some material values.
• Pawnshops can store things that are collateral and issue loans for a period not exceeding one year. Any other activity within this financial institution is prohibited.
• Pawnshops are required to insure for the entire term of the loan the things that serve as collateral.
• All transactions for the issuance of loans must be formalized by drawing up an agreement. The agreement should describe all aspects of providing money for loans - the loan term, interest rate, liability of the parties, penalties, etc.

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• When issuing a loan, the pawnshop is obliged to provide the borrower with one copy of the document, which will describe what property the money was issued against. Such a document is called a "mortgage ticket". One copy of the ticket must remain in the hands of the borrower, one in the pawnshop.
• The contract specifies the term of the loan, and the borrower is obliged to repay the amount, plus accrued interest for the use of money, within a clearly defined time frame. If the borrower does not repay the loan, or does it incompletely, then the pawnshop has full right sell the item received on bail in order to compensate for their costs.
• Realization of the pledged thing takes place by selling it. If the thing is valued at more than 30,000 rubles, then it must be sold only at open auctions, which anyone can access.

As we said above, a pawnshop has the right only to store things and issue loans. But what if the borrower did not return the money within the agreed period, and you need to sell the mortgaged property? Here you will have to open an additional enterprise (as a rule, this is a legal entity), the main activity of which will be retail jewelry, or other goods (depending on the type of pawnshop).

It should also be noted that the activities of the pawnshop are still regulated by Order No. 203 of RosFinMonitoring dated August 03, 2010 “On Approval of the Regulations on the Requirements for Education and Training of Personnel Carrying out Operations with Cash or Other Property to Counteract the Legalization (Laundering) of Criminally Obtained Income and the financing of terrorism”.

Read this regulation in detail, because it describes in detail:

• The requirements that the state imposes on the education and training of personnel working in the financial sector and those involved in monetary transactions.
• The form of personnel training, as well as the timing and frequency of the necessary recertification.
• Organization of the training process for pawnshop workers.

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Many ignore the requirements of this order, but thereby expose their business to some risks. For the first violation, you face administrative liability and a possible fine. If you systematically violate the requirements of the decree, then the pawnshop may be closed.

Since the activities of pawnshops are associated with the circulation of precious and semi-precious stones, as well as various metals, Order No. 68n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 08.29.2001 applies to it. This order regulates the procedure for storing and keeping records of precious metals and products made from them. This order is relevant only if you are going to lend secured by stones or precious metals. If the activity of your pawnshop does not provide for this kind of operation, then you can ignore this order.

Also pay special attention to questions regarding the taxation of pawnshops. Here, too, there are certain subtleties and features associated with imperfect legislation. V tax code The Russian Federation states that the activities of pawnshops fall under the general grounds for taxation, and the interest received from the pledge should not be subject to VAT. At the same time, activities related to the storage of things are subject to value added tax. Based on this, we can say that it is necessary to conduct different accounting reports, in which to display different profits.

Economic benefits of opening a pawnshop

If you wondered how to open a pawnshop, then you need to immediately think about the economic benefits of this type of activity. This is one of the most important points on which it is worth dwelling in detail, calculating everything, weighing the pros and cons of opening a pawnshop, and only after that make a decision on the appropriateness of this type of activity.

You need:

• Clearly understand what investments will be required for initial stage(opening a pawnshop), and whether any funds are needed to maintain the activities of the pawnshop in the first months, or until it reaches self-sufficiency.
• Determine the cost of the business. Understand where, when, and how much to invest.
• Clearly understand how much loans you need to issue monthly in order to reach the level of self-sufficiency.

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All these issues require detailed study, good and qualitative analysis. Let's look at the example of an already operating Moscow pawnshop all the issues that we outlined above. It is clear that Moscow is not a cheap city, and the numbers that we will use further should not frighten you too much. The total amount of investment in Moscow and in the regions may differ by three or even five times. If you plan to open a pawnshop in a small town, then the amount can be ten times less.

So, in order to equip a pawnshop in a room of 40 square meters, we need at least 17,000 dollars. This amount included: repair of the premises in which the pawnshop was located, the purchase of new office equipment and furniture, the purchase of special equipment, a safe, accounting programs, the order and printing of promotional materials, the purchase for an appraiser necessary tools and reagents, etc. Also, do not forget that you must have free funds, which in the future will be issued as a loan. In our case, opening a pawnshop cost $350,000, of which $17,000 was spent on repairs and technical issues, and $333,000 was money for loans.

Any business has monthly expenses, and our pawnshop, opened in Moscow, is no exception. Such expenses include:

• Room rental. Based on $200 per square meter, monthly rent is $8,000.
• Employee wages. In our pawnshop, the director received a salary, and 4 appraisers working in shifts. V total$10,000 a month in salaries.
• Security is an important part of the pawnshop business. You will work with precious metals, with large amounts of money that are stored in the premises of the pawnshop. Therefore, you need round-the-clock, high-quality and reliable security. In our case, all the necessary protective equipment cost $5,000.
• Other expenses. Pawnshop advertising, collateral insurance, administrative and accounting activities - $6,000.

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As a result, the pawnshop's monthly expenses amounted to $29,000.

Next, an analysis was made of the rate of all the largest pawnshops in Moscow, and it was found that it is about 10%. Taking this rate as a basis, and adding fixed costs for the activities of the pawnshop, it was found that loans should be issued for at least 350 thousand dollars per month. It is this amount that will allow the pawnshop to work without a loss.

It is not hard to guess that in order to make a profit, you need to issue loans in the amount of more than 350 thousand dollars per month. you can use this method, and calculate the required amount for your specific case.

Next, the required number of borrowers and the average loan amount were calculated. Based on the initial investment, and monthly costs, it was determined that 30-40 people should become clients of the pawnshop every day, and borrow from 170 to 340 dollars. In order to reach self-sufficiency, a pawnshop, on average, needs up to six months. Of course, a lot depends on your initial investment, and monthly costs. Also, the place where the pawnshop will be located, your customer acquisition policies, advertising activities, etc. play a big role. There were cases when, in the second month of operation, the pawnshop already paid for itself, and in less than six months it made a profit.

In our case, a pawnshop in Moscow paid off in full in 5 years.

Next step: registering a pawnshop

So, you have familiarized yourself with the legislative framework, and now you clearly understand what you will have to face as a result of opening a pawnshop. We also calculated the economic component of your future business, and realized all the risks and difficulties, if any. Everything suits me? If yes, then you can proceed to the next step - registering a pawnshop. Let's take a step-by-step look at what and how you need to do in order to officially register your pawnshop.

1. First you need to choose the form and type of activity. Can you open a pawnshop? individual entrepreneur, but in this case, you may encounter a number of problems and difficulties. Many experienced businessmen advise immediately registering an LLC, and tying up your pawnshop under it. You can find the list of required documents and the process of registering an LLC on the official website of the federal tax service - nalog.ru

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When registering an enterprise, you will need to indicate the type of future activity (KVED). Among hundreds of different KVEDs, you need to choose the following:

• provision of short-term loans by pawnshops secured by movable property (65.22.6 OKVED);
• provision of services for storing valuables (67.13.5 OKVED);
• provision of information and consulting services(74.14 OKVED - consulting on business management and commercial activities).

1. After state registration, you must register the pawnshop with the federal financial monitoring service. You are given no more than 30 days for this procedure. You will also need to collect a certain package of documents for registration. More detailed information You can find it on the federal website.
2. If you plan to work with precious stones and metals, and the vast majority of pawnshops work with them, then you still need to collect documents and register the pawnshop with the Assay Office. This is done in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 68n dated August 29, 2001
3. Also, do not forget that all things accepted by you as collateral must be insured. The next step is to choose an insurance company and sign all of them necessary contracts for the provision of property insurance services. Insurance is carried out exclusively at the expense of the pawnshop, and it is forbidden to force the borrower to pay for insurance.

The insurance agent of the selected company will tell you more about the insurance process.

Choosing the right location is the key to successful pawnshop operation.

If you are going to open a pawnshop, you should understand that right choice location is the key to success. The potential profit, the term for reaching self-sufficiency, and the prospects for the development of your business depend on where your pawnshop will be located. When choosing a place for a pawnshop, follow simple but very important rules:

• The premises for the pawnshop should be located on the first line. For this, the basement floor, or the basement, to which a convenient staircase leads, is perfect. Do not rent premises in the depths of courtyards, on impassable streets, where you cannot find the right pawnshop during the day with fire.
• The place should be crowded, lively, with a large flow of people. The example that we described above showed that in order to pay off, a pawnshop must issue loans to 30-40 people a day. This can only be achieved through good location in a crowded place.

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• The most convenient places for the location of pawnshops are nearby areas from metro stations, public transport stops, in densely populated residential areas.
• In order not to have problems with regulatory authorities, choose a room that meets all the standards of the SES and the fire service. You do not need extra checks and fines at the very beginning of the activity.

Final stage: the beginning of the pawnshop

So, you have dealt with the legislative framework that regulates the activities of the pawnshop, calculated the economic benefits of this type of activity, looked after and evaluated the premises for the future business, collected the necessary documents, and have already begun the process of registering the official activity of the pawnshop. And now the final stage - the beginning of work. There is very little left, after which you can tell everyone - I am the owner of the pawnshop. So, you need:

• Select qualified personnel, the number of which is determined based on the size of the pawnshop, the number of services that you are going to provide, and the jewelry you want to work with. If you plan to work with precious stones, then you need a specialist appraiser, or technical means, which determine the value of the stone, its carat and purity.
• Choose the best work schedule. Of course, it is ideal for a pawnshop to work around the clock. If this is not possible at the initial stage, then an excellent schedule is from 11 to 23. As a rule, it makes no sense to start working in the morning, because few people apply for a loan as soon as the sun rises.
• Next, we conclude an agreement with a security company that will provide a wide range of services. Keeping a security guard on staff is impractical. It is much more profitable and better to cooperate with a professional security company, have surveillance cameras and an alarm button.

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• Do not forget that you need to develop internal documentation: the rules of the pawnshop, internal order, employment contracts with personnel, contracts for issuing loans, etc.
• We live in a technological time when business activities are greatly simplified with the help of various gadgets and programs. Therefore, buy special software for pawnshops, which will help you keep accounting records faster and more accurately, calculate potential profits, tell you when and how much to pay taxes.

That, perhaps, is all that we wanted to tell. Now you know, how to open a pawnshop what steps you need to go through, and what to pay attention to first.