Drawings of brick fireplaces for the house. Do-it-yourself brick fireplace ordering and preparatory work

27.06.2020

Create a beautiful and functional brick fireplace with your own hands country house- a task that is not of great difficulty for the owner with ingenuity. Due to the material, the cost of a brick portal and chimney will not be high, especially compared to granite, marble and other exclusive minerals. Cement mortar for masonry, necessary tools also not very expensive.

Before you make a fireplace yourself for a summer residence, you need to choose its design and shape, as well as decide on the calculation of the size of the firebox, chimney and portal.

A simple fireplace, depending on the location, is wall-mounted and corner. Its parameters are determined based on the area of the heated room: it is divided by 100 - as a result, the optimal area of \u200b\u200bthe furnace is obtained. The width of the furnace hole should be 1.5-2 times greater than the depth and approximately 1.5 times less than the height. In order to achieve sufficient draft, the area of the smoke hole should be 10-15 times smaller than the area of the furnace, and the straight section of the chimney should be 3 to 5 m long. With such proportions, it is possible to achieve efficient heating rooms and safe work fireplace.

A brick mini-fireplace for a summer residence is well suited for small spaces and require a minimum amount of building materials. With a firebox size of no more than 40 x 60 cm, it will completely cope with heating a room up to 20 square meters. m., and its height without a chimney will be approximately 1.1 - 1.2 m, width 0.5 - 0.6 m. Considering the entire lining with decorative ledges and the coating of the smoke tube, the structure will require 220 - 230 standard red brick .

The English fireplace differs from other models in its direct chimney, one-way heat flow and a trapezoid-shaped firebox. Such a device allows most of the generated heat to enter the room.

The side and rear walls of the firebox have a slight slope of about 20° and serve as a kind of reflector of heated air. The smoke collector has the shape of a pyramid, and the chimney pipe is also hidden under a layer of brick, which tapers slightly towards the ceiling. Another feature of English fireplaces is the base under the portal in the form of a platform, which is laid out of refractory bricks.

The depth of the firebox for English fireplaces is 0.4 - 0.5 m, the brick layer should protrude from the edges of the furnace hole by 0.3 m, and the protrusion of the horizontal base can reach 0.5 m. For effective traction and sufficient heating of the room, it is necessary that the cross-sectional area of the chimney and the area of \u200b\u200bthe furnace had a ratio of 1 to 8. The outlet pipe for the English version should be 3–5 m high. Subject to all these conditions, it is possible to achieve simple and uniform heating of the room, a beautiful flame in the hearth and the absence of harmful smoke in the room. Classic English fireplaces have a long history and will add a cozy atmosphere to any country house.

A barbecue grill is an option for outdoor use. This is a great way to decorate personal plot where you can comfortably spend your leisure time in good weather. A fireplace with a barbecue, in addition to a woodpile and a firebox, has a ledge on top, on which skewers with barbecue or a grill for roasting meat are placed. In addition, on such a device, you can cook other dishes in a frying pan, in a saucepan, in a roaster, and food cooked on the street with a natural fire is not only healthy, but will also give the family a lot of positive impressions.

The simplest barbecue fireplace without a roof is much easier to install than the home option, because it does not require the construction of a smoke box and a chimney - all combustion gases are vented directly to the street.

For the foundation, a concrete base is usually chosen, the thickness of which will depend on the mass of the brick structure of the future barbecue, usually it is 20–30 cm. for coals and a place for the location of the grate or skewers. You can show your imagination and install more complex designs: with two fireboxes for the simultaneous preparation of several dishes, with decor over natural or artificial stone bricks, with a table for cutting food or a sink with a tap and sink.

A country gazebo can be built with a brick frame and a fireplace, and the walls and roof are made of other materials: profiled iron, wood or plastic. This will simplify the installation work and save on building materials.

There are a huge number of projects of country gazebos for the street, the most common of them:

An open gazebo under the roof on 4 columns with a brick barbecue, this option is suitable for calm, waterless weather, but in case of bad weather, you can build light walls made of fiberglass, PVC panels or other available materials. The roof can be tiled with metal or ondulin tiles, and electric lighting can even be installed inside.

A lightweight construction of a wooden gazebo in which brick is used only for the fireplace itself with an arch-shaped firebox. On a cool evening, a small company can gather around the hearth, the heat from it will be enough. If necessary, you can equip the roof with a canopy made of light polymer materials.

Finnish arbors have recently become widespread with us, as they are designed for a cold climate. They have the shape of a regular 6 or octagon in profile with closed walls and a sloping roof, from the center of which a chimney pipe emerges. They use a brick island fireplace, designed for both barbecue and space heating.

Since an ordinary clay brick is universal in its physical properties, it can be used for both home and outdoor fireplaces. That part of the furnace, which is in direct contact with an open fire, is selected from a refractory grade.

purpose

The outdoor fireplace has many design projects, with home craftsmen coming up with new ideas every year. Outdoor fireplaces can perform the function of heating, cooking, or a combination of two tasks at the same time. Models can be island or wall, if they are attached to the gazebo, the outer wall of the house or a stone fence. Last option very interesting, it will save materials and construction costs if the site already has a strong and high brick fence. A corner or wall fireplace with a small hood can be attached to it.

A country fireplace made of bricks is most often made of an island type, a simple U-shaped design without a high chimney pipe. For this option, it is better to equip the foundation in advance with a platform of concrete, street tiles or other durable non-combustible material. It will be convenient to place chairs for rest and other garden furniture. An island fireplace for a summer residence can be modernized over time, adding new details, in the end, having built a full-fledged indoor gazebo with heating and a barbecue.

A decorative fireplace is used by many in interior design, so as not to use complex systems with a smoke box, exhaust hood and refractory materials. A false fireplace in a room can work on the basis of an electric, gas or water heater, and skillful paintings, electric light or candles are used to simulate a flame. This option will not replace the natural heat from burning firewood, but it will look very impressive and will cost much less, since it does not require the work of an experienced stove-maker.

The fireplace in the house should, first of all, ensure the normal extraction of smoke to the outside, so that there is no strong smell in the room and carbon monoxide. It is necessary to calculate its dimensions based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, and for cladding, materials with high thermal insulation should be used. If it is planned to make a false fireplace, then an ordinary decorative brick without fire resistance is used.

Bath fireplaces use mainly coal for heating, they have small size and simple device. They have 2 working parts: a firebox and a chimney. Difference from traditional sauna stove in that the firebox is open and the heat for heating comes from it. Brick versions of such fireplaces are usually wall or corner. Due to the large mass of building materials, they must be installed on a massive base, if the floor in the bath is not thick enough, then you need to take care of an additional foundation for the stove.

Fireplace device

Home fireplace consists of 4 parts:

firebox where firewood is burned;
smoke collector for a smooth transition of smoke into the chimney;
a chimney that removes combustion products to the outside;
portal around the firebox with decorative lining.

The options for the stove may be different, but it is best to choose a trapezoidal shape of an open firebox with inner walls at a slight angle. This will provide the greatest efficiency of such a fireplace. A very efficient fireplace model for a room with an air heat exchanger. This part can be made in the form of a snake-shaped pipe, which generates additional heat. Therefore, for the flow of hot air into the room, it is not necessary to maintain a constant open fire.

Outdoor fireplaces with a firebox can have chimneys, a barbecue, an oven, metal burners, and even a roof for cooking in the rain. Their device depends only on the imagination and capabilities of the owner. There are interesting models of fireplaces with a bread machine, with a woodcutter or several fireboxes.

materials

For the arrangement of fireplaces, red bricks are mainly chosen from clay or ceramics, plastic molding or pressing. The latter option is less durable, especially under high thermal loads, as it contains many pores. But ceramic bricks obtained by plastic molding have a smooth and durable surface and are no less strong inside.

There are 3 types of bricks for home and outdoor fireplaces. Ordinary building non-facing brick is designed for inner layers of masonry that are not visible. It does not need protection from an open flame and a smooth, beautiful surface, which is why it is the cheapest. In the manufacture of refractory bricks, pressing and high-temperature firing of workpieces from fireclay mass or quartz are used. Such building materials are installed in places of contact with open fire, i.e. in the furnace and smoke box. Facing and shaped bricks for decor have a smooth, uniform surface with different colors, textures or luster.

For masonry, mortars are used, which include cement, sand, water, and sometimes chemical fillers for heat resistance. To not count on your own the right combination components for building a furnace, you can purchase special dry building mixes that only need to be diluted with water and mixed before use.

In addition to brick and binder mortar, when building fireplaces, they use metal parts for fireplace grate, heat exchanger, chimney, barbecue and charcoal trays.

With or without foundation

The arrangement of the foundation for the fireplace is best done during the construction of the building itself. But if the house has already been built, then the floor is cut out and a concrete or brick base is made under the fireplace facade. Depending on the size of the fireplace, the foundation deepens 30 - 50 cm below the floor level. The brick base should be laid on a mortar of cement grade 400 or 500 with sand in a ratio of 1 to 3. In the case of a poured foundation, a wooden formwork is constructed from concrete.

A foundation for a home fireplace is not needed if it has a high brick base, such that the distance from the bottom of the firebox to the floor is at least 0.3 m. In this case, it must be taken into account that the floor structure can withstand the existing weight of the stove with a chimney. Also, false fireplaces do not need a foundation.

An outdoor fireplace in any version must be erected on a concrete base of at least 20 - 30 cm, so that the structure is stable in the backyard soil.

Not so long ago, I set myself the task of finding proven orders and drawings of brick fireplaces on the Internet, despite all the openness of the information, this was not easy to do. In most cases, the schemes were incomplete, poorly readable, and finally completely non-working, contrary to the principles of the fireplace. At the same time, almost nowhere was it indicated for which rooms the fireplace is suitable, what height of the pipe is required for it, the cost of materials and the requirements for the project executor. In the course of a thorough study of the forums, my experience and information from familiar stove-makers, I tried to collect on the site the 10 most proven ordinal schemes of brick fireplaces in the work. Direct links to articles from detailed description drawings and the process of work are located below in the order of rating of the stove community:

Rules for reading ordinal schemes and symbols.

Despite the fact that most of the schemes and orders are intuitive even for people who have not previously dealt with stove masonry, I think it would not be superfluous to indicate conventions used in the drawings.

Remember that most furnace fittings such as furnace and cleaning doors, grates cast iron plates are designed for bricks of standard sizes 250x120x65 mm, therefore, looking at the drawing, do not forget that it is also designed for solid bricks of standard sizes.

Most fireplaces are made of solid ceramic (red) bricks, while the firebox is made of fireclay (refractory). At the same time, it is desirable to lay the ceramic one on a clay-sand mortar, and the fireclay mortar on a clay mortar with the addition of sifted fireclay chips. The thickness of the seams on fireclay bricks should not exceed 5 mm, on ceramic 8 mm. Otherwise, at high temperatures during thermal expansion, the mortar from the joints may begin to crumble. To calculate the height of the chimney for a fireplace, I advise you to use "". Follow our updates this summer, we will start uploading a detailed instructional video of the process of laying fireplaces according to the orders presented on the site. Leave in the comments below your wishes about the model of the masonry fireplace video that you would like to see in the first place.

Properly laid out corner brick fireplace will be a great addition to almost any interior. In this case, the unit will fully cope with the solution of problems of space heating. You can handle the laying of the fireplace on your own. Read on for more tips and get started.

To place a corner fireplace, you can choose a place both near the outside of the wall and near its inside. The most important thing is to determine the optimal order for installing the smoke exhaust pipe in accordance with current codes and regulations.

If the corner fireplace will be placed near the inner wall, above which there is a certain difference in the roof structure, this moment must be taken into account without fail - the fireplace chimney must be brought out above the ridge of the main roof.

In the process of prolonged use of the fireplace for heating, the chimney, and in parallel with it, the rear wall of the structure, will noticeably warm up. In view of this, the owners of buildings with wooden walls should pay special attention to solving fire protection issues.

For the personal arrangement of a private fireplace, it is necessary, first of all, to establish its optimal dimensions for a particular heated room. This guide will consider the procedure for building a heating unit for a small room with an area of about 15-20 m 2. If necessary, change the dimensions of the unit in accordance with the characteristics of your particular situation.

After reviewing the proposed guide, you will master the basic principles of laying corner fireplaces and in the future you will be able to build a similar structure without outside help.

Optimum dimensions of the fireplace

When determining optimal sizes construction, it is necessary to take into account the indicators of the area, as well as the volume of the room, which will later be heated by the unit being built. Specifically, in this example, a fireplace is built with a combustion chamber opening having an area of about 0.3 m 2 . You can change the proposed sizes in accordance with the conditions of your situation.

Determine the optimal dimensions of the portal of the firebox. In the case of the design under consideration, the furnace hole is called the portal. Its main parameters are the width and height indicators.

Stick to the standard ratio of 3:2 for width to height. In this example, the width of the portal will be 560 mm and the height will be 400 mm.

Maintain the height of the fireplace portal and the depth of the fuel compartment as 2:1, a ratio of 3:2 is also acceptable.

These sizes are the best. If the firebox has a greater depth, the heat transfer of the unit will significantly decrease. In the case of a decrease in the dimensions of the firebox, smoke will appear.

In this situation, the firebox should have a depth of 240-300 mm.

After determining the optimal dimensions of the furnace compartment of the corner fireplace, proceed to the calculation of suitable dimensions for the opening for the flue pipe. Select the dimensions of this hole taking into account the dimensions of the hole in the combustion chamber. The size of the hole for the chimney should be about 10-15 times smaller than the area of the hole in the furnace compartment.

The optimal size of a rectangular chimney is 140x140 mm. If the cross section of the chimney is round, make a hole with a diameter of 100-120 mm. The optimal height of the chimney is 350-400 cm. This figure may increase depending on the height of the roof ridge.

In order to improve the heat transfer characteristics of the unit, the rear wall of its firebox is laid out with a forward slope. This slope should begin to be created from about a third of the height of the firebox.

The design includes a smoke collector. It settles down above the combustion chamber. Between the mentioned elements, the so-called. cornice, also known as the pass. This element will prevent the emission of soot, sparks, etc.

If your fireplace is laid out of carved bricks, make sure that all its dimensions exactly correspond to the standard masonry module. The typical dimensions of the building material in question are 25x12x6.5 cm. Keep the masonry joint at a level of about 5 mm.

In accordance with the section of the structure at the level of the furnace compartment, other dimensions of the structure being erected will be determined. Perform their calculation and draw up an ordering drawing according to which brickwork will be performed.

Also, the creation of order and the performance of the necessary calculations can be entrusted to a professional. If desired, all the necessary project documentation is easily available in open sources. Do it the way you feel most comfortable.

What to lay out a fireplace?

After creating the order, calculate the required amount of building materials and purchase them in a specialized store. The material should be counted by the piece. And even incomplete products must be included in the calculation as whole elements. Additionally, add about 10% of the stock.

It is important that the brick is solid and properly fired. You can also use a used brick from a disassembled furnace, if it is in good condition. It is enough to clean the material from the remnants of the previous solution.

Lay out the firebox of the corner fireplace from fireclay bricks.

To prepare the solution, you will need a number of materials. So, the sand for the solution should be sufficiently coarse-grained (grains up to 1.5 mm). The sand must first be sifted and cleaned of different kind third party inclusions.

Laying a fireplace will require the use of clay. The best option is Cambrian, it is also blue clay. But if you are confident in the quality of local clay, you can prepare a solution using it.

You also need to buy materials for arranging the foundation. This is the usual Portland cement M400 and gravel with a diameter of 20-60 mm.

Additionally, buy a smoke damper and steel reinforcing bars. Optimally suitable rods are 70 cm long and 10 mm in diameter or so. In this example, about 12 reinforcing bars are used. In accordance with the dimensions of your fireplace, their number may vary.

Preparatory work

Work on arranging a corner fireplace begins with the construction of the base. It is strictly forbidden to connect the foundation of the erected structure with the base of the main building - this will lead to very adverse consequences.

To determine the optimal width of the foundation, add about 50 mm to the width of the front plinth row. Determine the length in accordance with the dimensions of the side row of the plinth. In general, the dimensions of the base should somewhat exceed the dimensions of the future fireplace.

When choosing a place for arranging the foundation and the fireplace itself, make sure that in the future the chimney pipe does not pass through the elements truss system roofs and beams.

The foundation is made extremely simple - a foundation pit is being dug the right sizes, the bottom of the pit is covered with waterproofing, a layer of a mixture of sand and gravel is poured on top, reinforcement is laid and the solution is poured.

Let the foundation gain strength and cover it with a double layer of roofing material.

While the foundation is solidifying, prepare building materials for future use. So, the clay must first be soaked in water for a couple of days. Soak the bricks for the same time.

Pre-calibrate the bricks you have. Elements with significant deviations from the previously mentioned size cannot be used for masonry.

To prepare the solution, use a standard and proven recipe. Pour dry sifted sand with clay pulp, and then thoroughly mix the resulting mixture. Determine the required amount of water individually. The finished mixture should have the consistency of jelly.

Check the finished solution. To do this, roll a sample out of it in the form of a "sausage" about 1.5 cm in diameter. If the sample does not stick to your hands, normally holds the shape given to it and does not fall apart - everything is fine.

Also check how the mortar you prepared behaves directly on the brick. To do this, lay the mixture on the building element. It is necessary that the mortar does not stick to the trowel, does not fall apart and does not spread over the brick under its own mass.

Fireplace masonry

Prepare the required drawings in advance. The list of drawings necessarily includes ordering, section, as well as the facade of the fireplace.

During the construction process, you will use not only whole elements, but also halves of bricks and even three-fours. Reflect this moment in the drawings using special symbols.

When laying out the basement row, it is better to place the bricks on the edge - this way the design will look more interesting, but this requirement is not mandatory.

Starting from the 2nd row, lay the bricks flat. The bottom of the combustion chamber is usually arranged at a height of about 250-300 mm above the floor surface, which is a fairly comfortable indicator.

Start laying. Your attention is invited to information about the order of masonry. To make it clearer, at each stage, refer to the drawings you have.

First step

Lay out 1-3 rows of bricks. The rows are solid, no special recommendations. The main thing is that the laying is as even as possible. It is more convenient to start with laying corner elements.

Second step

Lay out the fourth row. It will be the bottom of the corner fireplace.

Third step

Lay out the fifth row. At this stage, you need to equip the ash pan-blower. Make a support for the grate of the grate from three strips of steel. The strips will be fixed by the sixth row of brickwork.

We put the soaked refractory brick on the clay mixture

Fourth step

Lay out the 6th row. Lay the grate at this stage of masonry.

Fifth step

In the 7th row, lay out the lower salary of the fireplace portal.

sixth step

In rows 8-13, lay out the walls of the fireplace portal. Lay bricks with dressing of masonry joints.

In parallel with this, in the 11th row, start, and in the subsequent ones, continue the construction of an inclined mirror near the back of the fireplace wall.

seventh step

In rows 14-15, block the fireplace portal. Keep spreading the mirror.

eighth step

Finish the arrangement of the mirror in the 16th row. At the same stage, erect the upper part of the tooth. Be sure to coat the tooth with a clay solution on the side of the smoke element. Such processing will protect the material from burning under the influence of high temperatures.

Ninth step

Lay out 17-19 rows of brickwork. At this stage, you need to lay out the front of the fireplace. Bricks must be cut in the direction of the hail.

tenth step

Form a chimney in 20-22 rows. In the 22nd row, install a smoke damper.

Eleventh step

From the 23rd row to the end (in order), lay out the chimney.

In conclusion, the fireplace must be allowed to dry, and then run it finishing and additional decoration at your discretion.

Successful work!

Video - Laying a fireplace with your own hands

The services of a master - a specialist in chimney masonry are not cheap. The price of building one structure from scratch starts from 350 USD. e. (20 thousand rubles), reaching 1500 c.u. e. depending on the complexity and scope of work. Imagine how much money you can save if you fold a brick fireplace with your own hands. But the task is not an easy one - you need to learn the basics of furnace business, choose the appropriate design for the hearth, build and melt it correctly. We will try to give maximum information on all of the above issues, we will provide drawings of fireplaces for self-production.

The device of a classic brick fireplace

Strictly speaking, open hearths are not very suitable for heating private cottages due to their low efficiency, which is only 20-30%. While the fire is burning in the firebox, heat is distributed throughout the room by means of infrared radiation. After attenuation, the intensity of heating decreases and stops after 2-3 hours, when the brickwork has cooled down.

An important point. It is unrealistic to build even a small wood-burning stove in an apartment of a multi-storey building - there is nowhere to lead the chimney, and the ceiling is not designed for such a weight. Reference: the mass of the mini-fireplace, whose project is presented below, is more than 700 kg, size - 0.5 x 1 m (load area - 0.5 m²).

Despite the low heat output, fireplaces remain attractive to homeowners, as they create a unique atmosphere of home comfort. The device of a classic English hearth is shown in the diagram and includes the following elements:

underground part - foundation;
base of 2-3 rows of bricks;
a hearth with a protruding pre-furnace platform;
portal - brick frame of an open firebox;
smoke collector - a channel narrowing upwards in the form of an umbrella above the combustion chamber;
the chimney tooth at the beginning of the smoke collector serves for better heat removal from hot gases;
chimney pipe leading to the roof;
traction force is regulated by a valve.

Scheme of the device of a classic open hearth

If the construction budget allows, then the outside walls are tiled, as is done above in the photo. It is not necessary to decorate the walls of the structure - the correct brickwork looks quite neat.

The size and location of the hearth in the room

When choosing the design and drawings of the fireplace, pay attention to the dimensions of the portal, fuel chamber and chimney. The indicated dimensions are selected according to the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room and are interconnected by the following ratios:

cross-sectional area of the chimney pipe - 1/9 of the quadrature of the portal;
the depth of the firebox is 1.5-2 times less than the height of the portal opening;
the area of the open opening is 1/50 of the quadrature of the room.

If you make a fireplace in a small room big size, the chimney draft will not have enough air flow. The hearth will smoke into the room or “suck out” air from neighboring rooms, and along with heat. It is allowed to build a small structure in a spacious room, but the heating will be minimal - the fireplace will serve as a decoration for the living room and play the role of a barbecue.

For the convenience of determining the size of the firebox and the chimney, depending on the quadrature of the room, there is a ready-made table:

According to the shape, fireplaces are divided into 2 types - wall and corner. In the publication, we provide a description of the first variety - it is relatively simple. To build home hearths of the angular type, you need to gain experience in the furnace business. Having decided on the dimensions of the heater, allocate a place for installation, taking into account our recommendations:

Position the fireplace in the center interior partition. If a private house is in the process of redevelopment, repair or construction, the back wall can be brought to the next room by making an opening inside the partition.
Near outer wall making a fireplace is impractical - part of the heat will go outside.
Think about convenience - do not place the structure near interior doors and don't push furniture around.
Carefully examine the design of the ceilings and truss system so that the chimney pipe does not fall into the supporting beam or on the edge reinforced concrete slab overlap. The minimum distance from the flue wall to the rafters is 10 cm (taking into account the fire-prevention furnace cutting).

When choosing a platform for a fireplace, do not forget about the foundation. In a residential area, you will have to dismantle the floors, dismantle the screed and dig a pit without affecting the existing base of the building. Remember if brownies have been laid in the chosen place network engineering- Sewerage, plumbing or underfloor heating. The basement under the room is also a problem, not every floor can withstand the weight of the masonry.

Construction technology

The procedure for preparing and laying a fireplace with your own hands is proposed to be divided into stages:

Selection and purchase of building materials.
Preparing a set of tools.
Foundation device.
Brickwork of the furnace body and chimney.
Drying and primary kindling.

Let us consider in detail each item on the list, then we will present specific projects and orders available for execution by novice stove-makers.

An interesting version of the fireplace stove, where 2 fireboxes are combined - open and closed

Choosing a brick and mortar

Choose an oven brick taking into account the following requirements:

for the main masonry, take a solid ceramic (red) brick standard size 250 x 120 x 65 mm, hollow stamps are not suitable;
the walls of the firebox are laid out from fireclay (refractory) stones of the Sh, ShA or ShB grades;
instead of refractory, it is allowed to use solid clay brick, carefully selected for quality - without cracks, chips and other defects;
the body of the fireplace may be laid out of used ceramic bricks, provided that the stones have retained their strength, have not been soaked with dampness and have not cracked;
if the budget allows, buy a figured brick with rounded edges, shown in the photo.

Note. The brand of fireclay stones is precisely indicated in the design of the hearth. Specify the number and shape of hewn bricks in accordance with the schemes - orders.

The easiest way to make a quality masonry mortar is to buy a ready-made clay-sand mixture in the store, designed for stoves and fireplaces. A similar product is commercially available for refractory masonry - fireclay and mortar.

If you are on the path of total savings, make the solution yourself:

The solution is considered suitable for work if the “sausage” rolled from it with a diameter of 10-15 mm does not crack and does not crumble when wound on a wooden stick Ø4-5 cm.

Reference. Ready-made clay-sand mortar is stored indefinitely. If the composition has time to dry before use, it is enough to dilute it again with water.

Methods for checking the solution by squeezing, tearing and winding the bundles on a round handle

Pure clay mortar for laying the foundation and the chimney is not suitable - you need to add lime or cement. Therefore, to build a fireplace, prepare additional building materials:

Portland cement M400;
sand;
roofing material for waterproofing;
felt (can be used), roofing iron;
broken stones of any origin;
boards or boards for formwork;
polyethylene film (used is allowed, but without holes);
steel knitting wire;
asbestos cord.

Advice. Instead of felt, basalt cardboard has been successfully used.

Ready-made masonry mixtures for stoves and fireplaces

Of course, the construction of a fireplace will require stove fittings - doors, valves, and so on. The exact number and dimensions are listed in the project. To form the vault of the portal, you will also need metal corners or armature. In order not to plaster and decorate the finished hearth, purchase a special fire-resistant enamel.

We prepare the tools of the stove-maker

The complete set of tools used by kiln masters is shown in the picture. But since the average homeowner does not have all the fixtures depicted, we will give a list of tools that you cannot do without when building a fireplace:

pick;
hammer (preferably rubber);
construction level, tape measure;
square, cord and plumb;
the brush is wide;
Master OK;
pliers;
ruler and scriber - a pointed metal rod.

A beginner who is not trained in the techniques of hewing and splitting bricks will make a lot of marriage and ruin a lot of material until he gets used to the job. Hence the advice: cut stones with a grinder equipped with a circle on concrete. To reduce dust, go outside or to another room.

In addition to the listed devices, you will need a bucket and a thick cloth for wiping brick walls. A small spatula or a metal scoop with a broom is also useful.

Laying a solid foundation

How to make the base of the fireplace correctly is described in detail in another step-by-step. Briefly outline the stages of work:

Digging and excavation of soil from a pit, whose dimensions are 10 cm wider than the dimensions of the future hearth. The depth depends on the location of stable soil layers, but not less than 0.5 m.
Backfilling the pit with rubble stone, strengthening with liquid clay or lime mortar.
Laying 2 waterproofing layers of roofing material.
Installation of formwork, pouring a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of 15-20 cm.
After 4 weeks (complete solidification of concrete) - laying felt soaked in liquid clay and erecting 2 continuous rows of ceramic bricks.

Note. Instead of a reinforced concrete slab, cement mortar brickwork can be used, ending at the level of the finished floor. In this case, the rubble foundation can be loaded much earlier - after 7-10 days.

The base of the fireplace to be laid is a completely independent structure, not connected with the foundation of a private house. The minimum distance between them is 50 mm, but it is better to keep 10 cm. Treat the accessible side surfaces of the foundation with bitumen for waterproofing.

A plastic film is laid over the backfill and formwork so that liquid concrete does not lose cement milk. The felt soaked with clay is placed on the finished slab, as shown in the diagram. The first two rows of stones are considered zero and are not reflected in the order of the fireplace, their task is to protect the felt pad from high temperature. For more information about the technology of laying a reinforced concrete foundation, see the video:

Instructions for chimney masonry

Before laying out the fireplace, select the best brick for the firebox, clean the used stones from soot, dirt and adhering old mortar. When ready, proceed to an important stage - laying the first row. Step by step technology looks like this:

Retreating 5 cm from the edge of the foundation, collect the first tier of bricks dry. First install the outer beautiful stones, then fill the middle.
Using a square and a wooden plank, align the bricks along the line at 90° angles.
Measure the length of the diagonals with a tape measure. The maximum allowable discrepancy is 5 mm.
Lay all the stones on the mortar, controlling the horizontal level.

The next rows are laid out in the same way - the formation of the model on a dry, fitting and trimming of stones, setting on the solution. The verticality and horizontality of the masonry is constantly monitored using a plumb line and building level.

Advice for newbies. There is a simple technique that allows you to ensure the verticality of the fireplace masonry. After forming the first two rows, project the corner points on the ceiling with a plumb line and drive nails or dowels there. Tie cords with weights to them, which will serve as markers for the dimensions of the fireplace. Instead of twine, you can use vertically installed iron corners, then it will become much easier to level the masonry.

When erecting the walls of the fireplace, be sure to observe the following rules:

Before laying, immerse the red brick in a bucket of water for 2-3 minutes - air bubbles will come out of the pores. Refractory stones do not need to be soaked, just rinsed from dust.
The maximum joint thickness is 5 mm. Press the brick against adjacent stones, while leveling and removing excess mortar on the sides with a trowel.
The walls of the gas channels must be smooth. Turn the bricks with a flat edge inside the flue, and every 3-4 rows wipe the masonry from the inside with a wet rag.
Before laying a smoke box with a chimney tooth and sloping walls, where you need to do a lot of trimming, lay out the element model dry. This will allow you to clearly fit the sawn bricks.
Fireclay and ceramic masonry, having different odds thermal expansion, do not tie together. Provide a gap of 3-5 mm where sheets of basalt cardboard are inserted.
Before installation, wrap fireplace doors with asbestos cord at the points of contact with the wall. Fix the elements with a knitting wire, aligning them vertically and horizontally.
Put the valve on the clay mortar - you need to open the valve and apply it to the frame.

The overlap is made of steel corners supported on the walls of the portal. Top row stones are laid on rolled metal without mortar, only the side seams are filled. Semicircular arched vaults are formed using special patterns of wood - circled, shown in the photo.

The circle can be made from plywood or wood of any quality, but the shape of the support must be clearly calibrated.

When installing a chimney, change the recipe for preparing the solution - add cement instead of clay. The ratio of the binder to sand is 1: 4, the density is medium. In the wooden floor of the house, cutting is performed, providing a fire indent of 38 cm from the smoke channel to combustible structures (see the diagram).

Above the roof surface, a thickening of the pipe is made - an otter that closes the joint of the roofing with brickwork. At the end, a closed-type head is formed, which prevents precipitation from entering the fireplace.

For stoves and fireplaces, fire rules are the same - the distance between smoke channel and wooden floor must be at least 380 mm (one and a half bricks)

Drying and first kindling

Sand-clay mortar does not harden, but dries. The drying process takes 10-14 days, during which monitoring is carried out. Small cracks that occur in the masonry of the fireplace are sealed with the same clay mortar. At the end of the specified period, make a trial kindling:

Having opened the valve, kindle a small armful of brushwood and wood chips on the hearth.
Gradually add small firewood, maintaining a small fire. This will allow the solution to dry completely.
If after 3-4 hours no cracks have formed in the body of the fireplace, you can increase the portion of firewood. Take your time and first make sure that the walls of the hearth have warmed up.

Advice. Due to the air lock in the chimney, there may initially be no draft. The pipe must be heated with a torch or a small fire kindled on a view.

Techniques for performing fireplace masonry, see the following video:

Project No. 1 - a compact mini-fireplace

This hearth is suitable for heating a room of 16-20 m² in a country house or a small country house. Another option for using the design is as an outdoor barbecue built in a garden gazebo. A feature of the fireplace is lateral convection channels that heat the air in the room. The size of the building is 102 x 51 cm.

To lay out a mini-fireplace, you will need the following materials:

full-bodied ceramic brick- 240 pcs. (chimney not included)
revision door 24 x 14 cm - 1 pc.;
cast-iron grates 18 x 14 cm;
valve 25 x 14 cm;
stainless steel sheet 1 mm thick, 500 x 1000 mm in size;
a sheet of black or galvanized metal, laid in front of the firebox, dimensions - 70 x 50 cm.

Sectional drawing of a mini-fireplace. Outlets of convection channels are provided on the side walls

Note. The stainless steel sheet serves as the back screen of the firebox. It is allowed not to put it, but then it will be necessary to form an inclined wall of cut bricks.

The mini-fireplace shown in the drawing is laid out in this order:

The master will tell you in detail the algorithm for laying a mini-fireplace in his video:

Project No. 2 - a simple heating fireplace

The dimensions of this building are 112 x 65 cm, the height is 2020 mm. Inner size portal - 52 x 49 cm. Accelerated heating of the room is provided due to the convective air channel. The building kit looks like this:

clay solid brick - 345 pcs.;
valve used in the chimney - 250 x 130 mm;
2 steel equal-shelf corners 45 mm wide, 70 cm long;
metal sheet 500 x 700 mm.

The peculiarity of laying the fireplace shown in the diagram is staging a large number bricks at the base on edge. A narrow long channel is arranged above, where the heated air of the room moves. Let's move on to the construction algorithm:

The method of trial kindling the fireplace is demonstrated in the last video:

Conclusion

We warn you that making a fireplace with your own hands from brick is a difficult task for a beginner. Aspects of construction, understandable in theory, turn into a problem in practice. Hence the recommendation: practice on simpler objects - make an outdoor grill, barbecue or barbecue. Hold brick and mortar in your hands, feel the nuances of masonry. It would be useful to consult a master stove-setter.

They are most often chosen for cottages, summer cottages and country houses.

Brick fireplaces are durable, strong, fire resistant and easy to build. In addition, the structural material used allows you to lay out any shape you like.

According to the location in the room, fireplaces are divided into:

facial;
corner;
built-in;
street.

Depending on device type:

with open or closed fuel chamber,
with air or water heating.

By appointment distinguish:

traditional;
garden;
decorative;
ovens.

Brick fireplace device

In order to figure out how to build a fireplace, first of all, consider its elements. It has a rather complex device:

a - smoke chamber, its function is to collect combustion products and remove them through the chimney;
b - mantelpiece;
in - portal;
g - combustion chamber, where the fuel burns directly;
d - chimney shelf;
e - firewood.

A do-it-yourself brick fireplace is built to perform the following functions:

for space heating;
as a decorative element;
for cooking.

In every separate project these functions can be combined or used separately.

DIY fireplaces drawings and design

First you need to prepare a brick fireplace project. Having decided on the size and shape, take as a basis any standard solution and adapt it to your space. Do not ignore this stage as it will give you an accurate understanding of the whole process.

The ordering and scheme for masonry will allow you to calculate the required amount of brick and binder material. As a rule, it is drawn for each row, except for the basement.

This option is most suitable for beginners. To complete it, you will need very little material, however, this design will provide good heating for a room up to 35 square meters. m.

For the hall, it can be built higher, the shelf can be decorated with various elements. In modern architecture of private houses, a rustic style is often used.

Also, the hearth can be placed separately, without mounting it against the wall. This allows it to be distinguished decorative features.

Or vice versa, to save space, build into the wall.

Angular ordering: diagrams and photos

A corner fireplace tends to save space, which is why it is often installed in small hallways or bedrooms. The order is given below.

The hearth may have an open or closed firebox.

A modified version - a corner garden fireplace with a stove is very convenient for giving. Such a structure is not only functional purpose, it will also decorate the summer cottage. According to this scheme, it can be mounted both on the street and in a private house.

The circuit is easily modeled, depending on your needs. And it is easy to adapt to create a beautiful summer kitchen.

garden hearth

Outdoor BBQ Fireplace not so complicated, familiarize yourself with its order and execution and you can easily mount it in your garden following the diagram.

With artificial stone trim, the garden barbecue fireplace looks very original. The main scheme can be changed to your taste, as in the picture.

DIY fireplace masonry

At this stage, one of the important issues is the choice of components for the solution. Cement is not suitable, because it crumbles from high temperature, and such a design will be unreliable.

Preparation of the binder solution

Therefore, clay is used for masonry. But if it is too fat or not saturated enough, then the result of your work will be covered with cracks.

The proportion of the components of the solution is similar to cement: 3 parts of sand are added to 1 part of clay.

Due to the individual properties of the clay, the resulting mass is verified experimentally. Throw the ball of the solution you prepared on a hard surface and look at the result:

if the mass crumbled - add clay;
acquired the form of a cake - increase the amount of sand;
the shape has not changed much - the composition is optimal.

The choice of material for the fireplace

The quality of the work performed depends mainly on how to choose a brick for the fireplace. It is generally believed that only heat-resistant material is used. This opinion is erroneous, since ordinary red brick copes well with heat.

It is checked by lightly hitting it with a hammer, and a thin ring should be emitted. Also make sure that there are no defects and the presence of the correct shape and even surfaces without chips. It is better to review each before laying - this will insure against possible troubles. Such a procedure will not be too long, because on average you will need up to five thousand pieces for all elements.

Masonry procedure

The laying of a brick fireplace is determined by its purpose:

If it is built to heat the room, then the firebox is placed as low as possible so that the floor warms up.
When the design serves as a decorative element of the room, it rises above the floor.
For cooking, additional design features design.

The laying of a fireplace begins with the foundation. It is laid out in continuous rows that alternate: the first row lies along, the second - across, etc. The number of rows can be from 3 to 6, depending on the purpose of the fireplace. The rest, including the chimney, is laid out on the sides with a whole brick, and in front and behind - in half a brick.

Pay special attention to fire safety. To isolate the foundation from the main part of the house, lay two layers of roofing material, between them - clay, pre-soaked for 2-3 days.

Next, a blower is built - a cavity into which coals are showered. A special cast iron grate is installed above it, which supports the fuel. To access the blower in his front side the door is sealed.

When making a fuel chamber, consider the following:

It is made in the form of a trough so that firewood, ashes or coals do not fall out. To do this, two rows of bricks are laid flat. After that, the cavity of the combustion chamber is formed.
Cover the inside with refractory bricks, as in the photo.
At a height of 60 cm from the bottom of the firebox, begin to narrow the internal space. The level of the chimney is reached with a narrowing to a width of 12 cm.
Make the top of the rear wall of the furnace in the form of an oblique ledge, it is designed to reflect heat from the wall and direct it into the room. This configuration allows the front side to warm up.
When going to the chimney, to control the draft, install a valve - it prevents heat from escaping to the outside. In its absence, the fireplace does not function well and is problematic to ignite.

Constantly monitor the corners, tie the structure so that it is monolithic and even.

Brick fireplaces photo of various finishes

Using finishing and decorative details, the fireplace can be made in absolutely any style, the main thing is that the material is heat-resistant and of high quality. The area where sparks can fall is laid out only with ceramic tiles.

Small touches: an economical finish

If the masonry is even, quality material, then you can leave everything as it is.

Another economical option is to perform only seam processing.

You can cover the surface with a special varnish for stone, it will repel dust, soot and moisture.

Plaster over brickwork

Perform plastering and cover it with heat-resistant paint - a budgetary and uncomplicated way to create a lot of decorative effects. Its advantage is that the paint can always be refreshed. But there is also a drawback: shedding of plaster from an accidental impact, so it is better to overlay the corners with stone or tile.

Facing

An ordinary tile is not suitable for this, since it disappears when exposed to high temperatures. For cladding, heat-resistant terracotta tiles are used. This material is also heat-intensive: it warms up well, but cools down slowly.

Also, porcelain stoneware is used for cladding - it is practical, moisture resistant, non-flammable.

Porcelain tiles can be combined with other finishing materials.

Decorating with stone, wood and other materials

A natural stone Eco-friendly, flame retardant and durable, it transfers heat well. Finishing will fit perfectly into any interior, but its cost is quite high.

Finishing brick is also widely used, which is not inferior to natural stone in terms of heat resistance.

This material looks great on fireplace stoves, both in a rustic style and in the most modern designs.

The shape of the decorative brick can be different from the traditional one, as in the picture above. You can also choose absolutely any color finishing material.

Wood

The type of wood can be any. Since it catches fire easily, I only do some woodwork. decorative elements- portal, shelves and treated with fire protection.

Drywall: creating an illusion

Applies exclusively to decorative false fireplace or an electric heater in the form of a fireplace, since drywall is not designed to be heated. This is a practical option, for example, for an apartment.

We combine

You can apply several types of finishes, their connection looks just great. Parts of this outdoor barbecue fireplace are plastered and lined with stoneware tiles.

Rustic stove lined decorative brick, at the corners - plaster and decorative molding.

Outcome

It is possible to purchase a gas and electric fireplace, and a brick fireplace is made only with your own hands or on order. To build in a private house, it is enough to choose the appropriate scheme, prepare the necessary materials, familiarize yourself with the technology and the nuances of its device.

You can literally become the creator of a home - a place that unites family and guests. Its majestic appearance will decorate any, even the most modest dwelling. And the flickering flame and crackling firewood will emphasize the beauty and individual style your home, as well as to give comfort.