Middle and lower Volga. Volga region

12.10.2019

population population the Volga region - 16.9 million people; The district has significant labor resources. The average population density is 32 people per 1 km2, but it is unevenly distributed. More than half of the population is in the Samara, Saratov regions and Tatarstan.

Russians predominate in the national structure of the population. Tatars and Kalmyks live compactly. The proportion of Chuvash and Mari among the inhabitants of the region is noticeable.

The Volga region is an urbanized area. In cities and urban settlements, 73% of all residents come to life. The vast majority of the urban population is concentrated in regional centers, capitals of national republics, and large industrial cities. Among them are the cities of millionaires - Samara, Kazan, Volgograd.

Economy. In terms of the level of development of a number of industries, the region is not much inferior to highly industrial regions, such as Central and Ural, and in some cases even surpasses them. It is one of the leading oil producing, oil refining and petrochemical industries. The Volga region is the largest district of a diversified Agriculture.

The district accounts for 20% of the gross grain harvest. The Volga economic region is distinguished by great activity in Russia's foreign economic relations.

The main branches of specialization of the industry of the Volga region are oil, oil refining, gas and chemical, as well as electric power, complex engineering and the production of building materials.

The Volga region ranks second in Russia after the West Siberian economic region in terms of oil and gas production. The amount of extracted fuel resources exceeds the needs of the region.

The refineries of the region (Syzran, Samara, Nizhnekamsk, Novokuibyshevsk, etc.) process not only their own oil, but also oil from Western Siberia. Along with oil, associated gas is extracted and processed, which is used in the chemical industry.

The chemical industry of the Volga region is represented by mining chemistry (extraction of sulfur and table salt), chemistry of organic synthesis, production of polymers. Major centers; Nizhnekamsk, Samara, Kazan, Syzran, Saratov, Volzhsky, Tolyatti. In the industrial hubs of Samara-Togliatti, Engels, Volgograd-Volzhsky, energy and petrochemical production cycles have developed.

The automotive industry stands out especially in the Volga region. The most famous factories are in the cities of Ulyanovsk (UAZ cars), Togliatti (Zhiguli), Naberezhnye Chelny (KAMAZ trucks), Engels (trolleybuses).

The importance of the food industry remains, the needs of which are satisfied by developed agriculture. In addition, the Caspian and the mouth of the Volga are the most important inland fishing basin of Russia.

On the territory of the district, located in the forest and semi-desert natural areas, the leading role in agriculture belongs to animal husbandry, the forest-steppe and steppe zones - to crop production (primarily grain farming). Rye is grown winter wheat. Industrial crops are widespread, for example, mustard crops make up 90% of the crops of this crop in Russia.

Animal husbandry of the meat and dairy direction is also developed here.

Sheep farms are located south of Volgograd. In the interfluve of the Volga and Akhtuba (in the lower reaches of the rivers), vegetables and gourds are grown, as well as rice.

The region is fully provided with its own fuel resources (oil and gas). The power industry of the region is of republican importance. The Volga region specializes in the production of electricity (more than 1.0% of the total Russian production), which it also supplies to other regions of Russia.

The power plants of the Volga-Kama cascade (Volzhskaya near Samara, Saratov, Nizhnekamskaya, Volzhskaya near Volgograd, etc.) form the basis of the energy economy.

The Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant (Saratov Region) also operates.

Transport. The transport network of the district is formed by the Volga and the roads and railways crossing it, as well as a network of pipelines and power lines. The Volga-Don Canal connects the waters of the largest rivers in the European part of Russia - the Volga and the Don (exit to the Sea of Azov).

7. North Caucasian economic region

Compound: Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, Rostov Region, republics: Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia (Alania) and Chechen (Ichkeria).

Economic- geographical position. The North Caucasus is a large economic region of the Russian Federation. The area is 355.1 thousand km2. The region occupies the south of the European Plain, Ciscaucasia and the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus.

EGP - profitable. There is access to three seas. Through this region, it maintains links with the states of Transcaucasia.

Natural conditions are favorable for the population and agriculture. There are various minerals.

Natural conditions and natural resources. The natural landscapes of the Caucasus are diverse. There are mountain ranges and steppe plains, mountain rivers and drying rivers and lakes, oases.

The area has fertile lands(on the plains) and pastures (in the foothills). Mountain rivers have a large hydropower potential, and the waters of lowland rivers are used for irrigation. Water is distributed unevenly. The western part is better provided with moisture, especially the Black Sea coast and mountain slopes. The northeast and east are waterless, arid.

The role of the region as the main recreational zone of Russia (the resorts of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasian mineral camp sites in the Caucasus Mountains) is great.

The foothills of the Greater Caucasus are a pantry of chemical, metallurgical and building raw materials, energy resources (including fuel and gas).

Natural gas is available in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Chechen Republic and Adygea. Ores of non-ferrous and rare metals (zinc, tungsten, molybdenum) are mined in the mountainous republics (North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria), coal - in the Rostov region ( Russian part eastern wing of Donbass).

Population North Caucasus is 17.7 million people. Population growth rates are noticeably higher than the average Russian ones (high natural increase). The region has an abundance labor resources. The population is extremely unevenly distributed. The average population density is 50 people per 1 km2. Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region concentrate almost 3/5 of the region's population within their borders.

The ethnic composition of the population is exceptionally diverse. Among them, groups of Ossetians, Kabardians, Chechens, and others, living mainly within their republics, stand out in terms of numbers.

The North Caucasus does not belong to highly urbanized regions. The share of the urban population here is lower than the Russian average (55%).

Economy. The North Caucasus is distinguished by a highly developed and diversified economy, from industries - mechanical engineering, fuel and food industries. Among other industries, the role of non-ferrous metallurgy and the production of non-ferrous materials is noticeable.

Economic engineering is especially developed (Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Millerovo, Novocherkassk, Kropotkinsk, Krasnodar), as it has its own metallurgical base (Rostov region), agriculture is developed and there are convenient transport routes.

The Volga economic region occupies a territory that is located along the Volga coast. The advantage of its location is associated with access to the Caspian Sea. Thanks to the Volga and the Volga-Baltic route, a water route appears here, allowing you to get to the Baltic Sea. The presence of the Volga-Don Canal creates an opportunity for access to the Azov and Black Sea. The area passes through latitudinal railway lines, which allow delivering people and goods to the regions of the Center, Ukraine, as well as to the Urals and Siberia.

Given that the Volga region occupies an advantageous geographical position, this has a positive effect on the development of its economic complex. The key role here is assigned to such industries of market specialization as oil and coal, as well as gas and chemical industry. The Volga region is of great importance in providing the country with such products as synthetic rubber, synthetic resins, plastics and fibers.

The composition of the Volga economic region

The Volga economic region in its structure is represented by such subjects as Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Samara, Volgograd, Astrakhan, Penza regions. It also includes two republics - Tatarstan and Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangch.

Volga economic region: characteristics

A feature of this region is a fairly diverse natural resource potential. In the north, the Volga region is represented by forests, but if you move in a southeast direction, you can find yourself in the semi-desert subzone. The main area of the region is occupied by steppes. Most of its territory falls on the Volga valley, which in the southern part is replaced by the Caspian lowland. An important role here is assigned to the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, which was formed from river sediments and has good conditions for agriculture.

The territorial structure of the district's economy, as well as the features of settlement, are largely associated with the presence of the Volga, which acts as a key transport artery and the axis of settlement. The vast majority of large cities located on the territory of the region are river ports.

Population of the Volga economic region

With an average population density of 31.5 people. per 1 km 2, the Volga region has a number of areas with the highest level of population. We are talking about the regions located in the Volga valley - Samara, Ulyanovsk regions and Tatarstan. The reverse situation is observed in the Republic of Kalmykia, where the population density does not exceed 4 people. per 1 km 2.

A feature of the population of this region is a rather diverse ethnic composition. Within it, the largest share falls on Russians, in addition to whom there are quite a lot of representatives of Tatars and Kalmyks. Along with them, among the inhabitants there are Bashkirs, Chuvashs and Kazakhs. Of particular relevance in recent times is the problem of the revival of the autonomy of the Volga Germans, who, against their will, had to leave the Volga region and go to the eastern regions.

Territorial organization of the economy

If we consider territorial structure Volga region, it includes three subdistricts, which are distinguished by a special development of the economy and specialization:

Middle Volga,
Privolzhsky subdistrict,
Lower Volga.

The Middle Volga region includes Tatarstan and Samara region. This area is the leader in the Volga region in terms of the development of such areas as the oil, oil refining industry and mechanical engineering. Within the framework of this territory there are many largest cities, among which are the millionaire cities - Samara and Kazan.

The composition of the Volga subdistrict is represented by such regions as the Penza and Ulyanovsk regions. Such areas as mechanical engineering, light industry, food industry and agriculture have reached the highest level of development here. Among the cities, Ulyanovsk and Penza are especially worth highlighting.

Among the most developed areas of the Lower Volga region, it is worth highlighting mechanical engineering, chemical and food industries. However, the region is different high level agricultural development. First of all, this concerns grain farming, beef cattle breeding and sheep breeding. The production of rice, vegetables and gourds, as well as fisheries, also gives good results. Most of the enterprises are concentrated in Volgograd, which had to be restored after the end of the Great Patriotic War.

VOLGA

The main thing that determines the landscapes of the Volga region is the Volga Upland, elongated in the meridional direction, one of the largest in the East European Plain.

The northwestern and western slopes of the hill, which face the winds from the far Atlantic, are best moistened. Here falls on average from 400 to 500 mm of precipitation per year; showers are very frequent, capable of "fulfilling" the monthly norm. In general, the conditions of the Volga region are favorable for vegetation. This is one of the most forested areas of the Middle Volga region. The two main forest areas are located in Zasu-rye and Surskaya Shishka.

Life in the Volga region is mostly concentrated on the "mountains" - flat, even and high interfluves. The "upland" part of the Volga region gradually passes into the "foothills" - the valleys of small and medium-sized rivers.

In these areas, there are many large villages and towns located close to each other. Of the cities, the ancient Alatyr on the left bank of the Sura and Buinsk are noteworthy.

As a rule, small towns arose on the site of old factory settlements. They are mainly located within the Surskaya Shishka: Kuznetsk, Nikolsk, Barysh, Inza.

DOWN THE VOLGA

The Volga within the Middle Volga region is a full-flowing river, reaching its greatest power. It is customary to measure the middle course from the mouth of the Sura River, which is now flooded by the Cheboksary reservoir. Once in this place there was a fortress Vasilsursk, built before the fall of the Kazan Khanate. The northwestern spurs of the Volga Upland approach here. And in the north, beyond the Volga, there are low-lying plains formed by powerful streams during the melting of the glacier 20-10 thousand years ago.

On these plains, in dense forests, a people has long lived, together with the Mordovians, who are part of the group of "Volga Finns" - the Mari, or, as they were called before, the Cheremis. When the Volga was still an insurmountable barrier, they settled in the open spaces along its banks.

Let's mentally make a trip down the Volga, stopping in the largest cities in the region.

Cheboksary. Travelers sailing down the Volga in the 19th century always fixed their eyes on a small town nestled on a steep, low bank. Cheboksary is an ancient city and in the past very rich, famous for the abundance of churches and the ringing of bells. "Churches in half with houses," said the Ukrainian poet Taras Grigoryevich Shevchenko about him. 19th century guidebooks the city was called "the capital of the Chuvash kingdom". Now it is the capital of the Chuvash Republic - the only one in the Volga region, where the indigenous population (Chuvash) is the absolute majority.

According to folk legend, in ancient times there was a village on the site of the city. The Chuvash Shupakshar lived in it, who gave his name to the river that flowed nearby. In Russian pronunciation, the river, and then the city, began to be called Cheboksary. It is based on the Chuvash word "shor" - "swamp, water, mud". During the excavations, not only wooden residential buildings were found, but also tiles, indicating the existence of brick buildings. The urban character of the ancient settlement is also confirmed by the remains of various handicraft industries: blacksmithing, locksmithing, jewelry, leather, shoemaking, and pottery.

The first historically reliable references to Cheboksary in Russian sources date back to 1371. They are associated with a trip to the Horde of Prince Dmitry Donskoy. In 1555, in order to pacify the local peoples, the Russian government laid a fortress on the right bank of the Volga.

In 1781 Cheboksary became a county town. By this time there were more than a thousand merchants and artisans, there was a customs office. However, Cheboksary gradually turned into an ordinary province, unable to withstand competition with its neighbors - Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan. In 1897, not a single plant or factory remained in the city, not a single fair was held.

V Soviet time, becoming the capital of the Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary gained a second youth. The city has grown, built up with modern buildings, adorned with monuments (including the hero of the civil war Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev, who comes from the village of Budaiki that has entered the city limits). There are many enterprises in modern Cheboksary, the leading of which are machine-building and textile. The population of the capital of Chuvashia is 444 thousand people.

The first to mention the Chuvash as a separate people was Prince Andrei Kurbsky in 1552. Some scholars believe that the Chuvash language, which stands alone in the Turkic group, is a direct descendant of the Volga Bulgar language. There is no doubt that among the ancestors of the Chuvash there were local Finnish tribes; from them come the current Mari.

In terms of culture and traditions, the Chuvash differ little from their neighbors. In their customs, folklore, beliefs, clothing and way of life, stable ties with the Finno-Ugric peoples can be traced; their language is related to Tatar, and with the Russians, the Chuvash are united by ways of doing business. They were plowmen from ancient times, already in the Middle Ages they used iron plows adopted from the Bulgars. Travelers in the 19th century noted that the Chuvash are hardworking; they were considered good, prosperous owners, and there were almost no beggars among them.

In the schools created by the missionaries, there was an intensive teaching of the Russian language, which made it possible for many talented Chuvash people to continue their education. At the same time, the missionaries persistently converted the Chuvash to Orthodoxy, and this led to a rapid mass Russification and the ousting of the Chuvash language from everyday life.

Kazan. The name of the city of Kazan is interpreted in different ways. Often it is derived from the combination of the words "kaz-gan", which in Tatar means "deep", "dug out". But it is more likely that initially Kazan was called the river, the current Kazanka.

In the XII-XIII centuries. on the site of the city there was a fortress, which, apparently, was erected at the time of the heyday of Volga Bulgaria. However, for this state, such fortifications, consisting of ditches, ramparts and, most importantly, a white stone wall, are unique. Many features of the Kazan Fortress indicate that South Russian craftsmen took part in its construction.

The foundation of the Kazan Khanate is usually attributed to 1445. The disgraced Sarai Khan Olu-Muhammad, who tried to create an independent state in the Crimea a little earlier, took Kazan by storm and made it the capital of a new state on the Middle Volga. Kazan was a mixture of peoples, customs, religions. This was facilitated by the wealth of the khanate, its military power, and a convenient geographical position, which made it possible to conduct lively trade with the whole world. Traditions, although based on the Bulgar culture, have already absorbed everything new, foreign.

October 2, 1552 Kazan fell under the onslaught of Russian troops. The region turned into a province of the Muscovite state, but the city still remained the gate of the East. It became not only the economic, political, cultural center of the Middle Volga region, but also the main outpost in Russia's trade and diplomatic relations with Central Asia and Siberia.

At the beginning of the XIX century. Kazan was a typical left-bank Volga city. Its population was Russian (only 15% of the Tatars). This is not surprising: after joining Russia, the Tatars were evicted from the city three times. And every time the expanding Kazan reached the new Tatar settlement and included it within its limits.

The Kazan Kremlin supposedly began to be built in 1555 from the Spasskaya Tower, named after the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands located in it. The interior arrangement of the Kremlin is typical of all such structures in Russia.

The tower of Khanshi Syuyumbeki rises above the whole ensemble; due to its antiquity, beauty, originality of style and abundance of legends associated with it, this is one of the main attractions of Kazan.

After the October Revolution, the city was rebuilt in accordance with the trends of the times. Not only did most of the churches and mosques disappear, but also some of the names of the places. Today Kazan - with a population of more than a million people - is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. Many branches of modern industry are developed in the city, primarily metalworking, mechanical engineering, petrochemistry, light industry. The city is rightfully proud of its cultural and scientific traditions, in particular the famous Kazan University.

Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk). Downstream of the Volga, the right bank gradually rises. The mountains Lobach, Dolgie Polyany and then the city of Ulyanovsk (681 thousand inhabitants) appear. Only this city in the Middle Volga region is located on both banks of the river. No one else dared to step over the Volga, especially through the many kilometers long Kuibyshev reservoir, which was filled in 1957 with water.

The first mention of Simbirsk, in all likelihood, refers to 1551. Once there were two villages here - Tatar and Mordovian. The lands in the district belonged to the Tatar murza Sinbir. Hence the name of the area. The Russian fortress, founded in 1648, at first was also called Sinbirsk, and then turned into Simbirsk.

The chosen place was very successful: from the side of the Volga, from a swampy and difficult floodplain, a high bank rose - a ravine. From the north, deep ravines passed, along the edge of which earthen ramparts were additionally poured. From the west, the town was protected by the Sviyaga River. At the very top of the Yar - the Crown - a Kremlin was built. The Simbirsk fortress played an exceptionally important role in the development of the region. It was erected to protect against the steppes, and also "so that all sorts of military people and thieves-Cossacks would not penetrate Russia by deceit and do no harm," as stated in the prescription of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. In 1648-1654. Simbirsko-Karsunskaya notch line (line of defensive structures) was drawn from the city.

However, the convenient position of the fortress turned out to be a loss for Simbirsk in trade and economic terms: the development of the city was hindered by inaccessibility from the Volga, remoteness from the main grain regions. As a result, Simbirsk could not compete with such centers of industry and trade as Kazan and Samara.

Nevertheless, he happened to become a city of big names. Philosopher Vasily Vasilyevich Rozanov considered the city to be his spiritual homeland. A native of Simbirsk was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov-Lenin, after whom the city was named Ulyanovsk.

The "noble city" was located on the Crown. In this part there were cathedrals, provincial and city institutions, educational institutions, a theater, public gardens and boulevards, and the best hotels. The slopes of the mountain, descending to the Sviyaga and the Volga, were occupied by petty-bourgeois settlements.

In Soviet times, the city began to grow in the lowlands. The Zasviyazhye region is spread over the floodplain and along the low terraces of the Sviyaga.

Samara. After the Falcon Mountains, the Volga valley expands sharply, its banks become lower. Samara (over 1 million inhabitants) begins on the left bank almost directly from the water.

Samara is one of the oldest Russian cities in the Middle Volga region, founded in 1588. There is a legend that back in the 14th century there was a settlement of Russian hermits in these places. They seem to have been visited by a famous statesman Metropolitan Alexy on one of his trips to Golden Horde and predicted the emergence of a great city.

Unlike other Middle Volga cities, the Samara fortress stood in close proximity to the steppe. The border position was the main reason for the creation of customs here. This strengthened the role of the city after the creation of a ferry across the Volga. In 1688 Samara received the title of a city. Of considerable importance in the transformation of a nondescript provincial town into one of the most important shopping centers Russia had a railway running through Samara, connecting the central regions of Russia with the southeastern ones.

In Soviet times, Samara, in 1935 renamed in honor of one of the leaders of the state in Kuibyshev, became the largest industrial center of the Volga region. The manufacturing giants acted as magnets around which urban areas were formed. The center remained of the old buildings; of the enterprises here, only a brewery (where the famous Zhigulevskoye brand of beer came from) and the Rossiya confectionery factory.

In the northern part of Samara, there is a plant for automotive and tractor electrical equipment (KATEK) - the brainchild of the first five-year plan (1928-1933). Oktyabrsky district of the city grew up around the plant on the high bank of the Volga. In another district, Krasnoglinsky, construction materials are produced from local raw materials. The eastern districts of the city were formed during the war years, when many industrial enterprises, including metallurgical and aviation ones, were evacuated from the western regions of the country to Kuibyshev. The southern quarters of Samara are united around the oil refinery.

ZAVOLZHIE

Washing away the steep right bank and moving west, the Volga leaves behind a low plain in the east - the so-called Low Trans-Volga. Before the arrival of the Russians, it was one of the most densely populated regions of both Volga Bulgaria and the Kazan Khanate. The Russians were moving here from the west. And today, Russian villages are located along the Volga, and Tatar ones are at a distance from it. In addition, there are many Chuvash and Mordovian villages in the east of the Low Trans-Volga region. They were founded by settlers from the Volga region, who fled from serfdom. The Low Trans-Volga region is a pronounced agricultural province. The villages, evenly distributed throughout the territory, grow in breadth, occasionally stretching along small valleys, highways and railways. One of the large settlements gave rise to the only city here, Melekess, later renamed Dimitrov-grad. Its industry is mainly focused on the processing of agricultural raw materials. However, the city is also known as one of the centers of nuclear research.

The Middle Volga region is one of those few regions of the Russian Federation in which positive sides market reforms of the last decade of the XX century. In the new economic conditions, the largest enterprises managed to confirm their competitiveness, and the population began to actively and quite successfully look for points of application for the initiative. Perhaps this is due to the relative youth of the region, which was settled relatively late and has not lost its dynamism.

The Volga economic region is one of 12 similar regions of Russia. It is one of the largest regions of the country, which is part of the Center-Ural-Volga region axis.

Composition of the district

The Volga region includes 8 subjects of the Central part of the state:

2 republics – Tatarstan and Kalmykia;
6 regions - Penza, Saratov, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd and Astrakhan.

Rice. 1 Volga region. Map

Location

If you follow the map, then the location of the Volga economic region is as follows:

Middle Volga ;
Lower Volga region ;
Sura river basin (Penza region);
Prikamye (most of Tatarstan).

Its area is about 537.4 thousand km². the central geographical (and economic) axis is the Volga River.

Rice. 2 Volga

The area is bordered by:

Population of the Volga economic region

The population of the district is 17 million people, that is, almost 12% of the total population of the Russian Federation (with a population density of 1 person per 25 square meters). 74% of the population lives in cities, so the share of urbanization is significant. Ethnic composition of the population:

Russians ;
Tatars ;
Kalmyks ;
small ethnos s: Chuvash, Mordovians, Mari and Kazakhs (the latter are most in the Astrakhan region).

Specialization of the Volga region

The Volga region is characterized by a developed industrial and agricultural sector. Industrial specialization:

oil production and refining (Samara region and Tatarstan, Caspian shelves);
gas production (shelves of the Caspian Sea and the Astrakhan region; according to world statistics, the Astrakhan region contains 6% of the world's gas reserves);
chemical industry (extraction and processing of shale, bromine, iodine, manganese salt, native sulfur, glass sand, gypsum, chalk);
salt mining and salt processing (the lakes of the Caspian lowland contain more than 2 million tons of natural salt, which is 80% of all Russia's reserves);
mechanical engineering (in particular, the automotive industry: VAZ in Tolyatti, KAMAZ in Naberezhnye Chelny, UAZ in Ulyanovsk, a trolleybus plant in the city of Engels; shipbuilding: in Volgograd and Astrakhan; aircraft building: Kazan, Penza, Samara).

Figure 3. VAZ in Togliatti

In industrial terms, the Volga region is divided into two large areas (industrial zones):

Volga-Kama (Tatarstan, Samara and Ulyanovsk regions) - center in Kazan;
Nizhnevolzhskaya (Kalmykia, Astrakhan, Penza, Saratov and Volgograd regions) - the center is in Volgograd.

According to statistics, the Volga region ranks fourth in Russia in terms of industrial products, the second in oil production and processing, the second in mechanical engineering. As for oil refining, it is in the Volga region that such world giants as Lukoil, Yukos and Gazprom, which develop the northern shelves of the Caspian Sea, have concentrated their main capacities.

Rice. 4 Oil production in the Caspian Sea

Agricultural specialization:

cultivation of oil crops;
growing grain crops;
cultivation of vegetable and gourd crops;
animal husbandry (dairy cattle breeding, sheep breeding, pig breeding);
fishing industry (Volgograd and Astrakhan).

A special role in the agricultural life of the region is played by the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain with powerful river "pumps" that create favorable conditions for the development of all types of agriculture.

The main economic center of the region is the city of Samara.

What have we learned?

The characteristics of the Volga economic region are quite complex. This is due to the fact that it is a link between the center of Russia and its Asian part. The region includes such large and rapidly developing entities as the Republic of Tatarstan (the titular nation in which are the Tatars). The area is developed both industrially and agriculturally. The main transport, economic and geographical axis is the Volga River.

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