Russia celebrates Day of the sailor-submariner- professional holiday of the military and civilian personnel of the submarine forces of the Navy Russian Federation, established by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy in 1996.
In 1906, by decree of Emperor Nicholas II, a new category of ships was included in the classification of ships of the navy - submarines. By the same decree, 10 submarines were included in the Russian fleet. The first of them - "Dolphin" - was built at the Baltic Shipyard in 1904.
The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) became the first war in world history, in which a new class of warships, not yet officially recognized, but already causing the enemy to falter, took part - submarines.
The first formation of Russia - a brigade of submarines - was formed in 1911 as part of the Baltic Fleet and was based in Libau. The brigade included 11 submarines, floating bases "Europe" and "Khabarovsk".
To the first world war in 1914-1918, submarines were widely used to fight on sea lanes. And by the end of the war, submarines finally formed into an independent branch of the Navy, capable of solving both tactical and some operational tasks.
During the period from 1930 to 1939, more than 20 large, 80 medium, 60 small submarines and 20 underwater minelayers were built for the USSR fleet. To the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the four fleets had 212 submarines.
Organizationally, they were reduced to brigades, divisions and groups. They were managed by the commander of the fleet, the combat and daily activities were led by the underwater department of the fleet. The tasks of the submarines and the areas of their combat operations were determined by the military council of the fleet.
A turning point in the history of the Soviet Navy was the introduction of nuclear power plants on submarines in the 1950s. Thanks to this, they received almost unlimited sailing autonomy.
By 1961, the Russian fleet had 9 nuclear-powered boats - 4 missile and 5 torpedo boats. And in total Soviet Union built 243 nuclear submarines of various classes and, taking into account Tsarist Russia, over 1000 diesel submarines. By the way, the world's first nuclear submarine left the Groton shipyard (Connecticut) in 1954.
Now a group of submarine nuclear cruisers with cruise missiles has been created for the Russian Navy. It includes Project 949a submarines armed with 24 Granit-type missiles. This grouping is capable of solving the tasks of destroying groups of surface targets, including aircraft carrier formations, with high efficiency.
And the submarine forces themselves, as a branch of the Russian Navy, including strategic nuclear missile submarines, nuclear multi-purpose submarines and diesel-electric (non-nuclear) submarines, are the strike force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the World Ocean, covertly and quickly deploying to the right directions and deliver unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets.
But the modern submarine fleet of Russia is not only advanced design solutions and technologies in the field of shipbuilding, but also highly professional submariners who know and are proud of their profession. And traditionally, on their holiday - the Day of the Submariner - they receive congratulations from the command, and especially distinguished sailors of the submarine forces are awarded state awards, memorable gifts and thanks. Solemn celebrations and concerts are also held on this day.
The bottom floats under your feet,
Above - a layer of water for hundreds of meters,
Somewhere behind, there was a house,
For tens of thousands of kilometers.
Storms are raging above
Sailors do not favor the weather.
Here, smoothly, above the bottom relief
A tired submarine is moving.
Propeller blades cut water
The watch strictly follows the order.
Course to foreign distant shores
The navigator checks again and again.
Hidden from the enemy side
Be there on time
To protect your own country
Must nuclear submarine.
Submariners - you are our strength,
Reliable protection and stronghold!
For you - submariners of Russia!
We raise a toast to the submarine fleet!
There is no profession more honorable than defending your homeland. This fully applies to the submariners, who at this very moment protect the peace of citizens and protect our fatherland. There is no data on the number of submariners in our country in the public domain, but we remember and thank all of them on the Day of the Submariner. It is easy to guess that this is a professional holiday of courageous, persistent military and civilian personnel of the submarine forces of the Navy of the Russian Federation.
What number is marked
The day of the submariner in Russia is celebrated annually on March 19, according to the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral of the Fleet F.N. Gromov №253. Submarines are on combat duty to protect our borders and monitor the situation in the vast oceans around the clock and every day. The Russian Navy is a key link in the country's defense, and many soldiers accept congratulations on the Day of the sailor directly in the places of combat duty.
Who is celebrating
Military personnel and civilian personnel of the Russian Navy are the main characters of the holiday. Annual celebrations are organized for them. The most worthy of many receive thanks, memorable gifts from the leadership, and state awards. Submariner's Day 2014 was no exception.
A little about the profession
A submariner is not a profession, but a vocation, a cry from the heart. Not every person is able to be in a confined space under a huge column of water. long time. For this, first of all, desire, health, endurance, professional training are necessary. Modern submarines are high-tech complexes with advanced and ultra-modern weapons and, accordingly, such equipment should be serviced by professionals with a capital letter. All members of the crew of a submarine must be able to act as one well-coordinated mechanism, and the mistake of one can cost the lives of many. Submariners have an enormous responsibility, so they want the number of dives to always equal the number of ascents.
Background of the holiday
It was Nicholas II who in 1906 by his decree for the first time not only legally formalized the appearance in Russia of a new class of ships of the navy - submarines, but actually created their small grouping in the amount of 10 pieces. The first Russian submarine "Dolphin" was launched at the Baltic shipyards in 1904. For that time, this was a great achievement, which was very useful in future world wars. In Soviet times, in connection with the development of nuclear energy, nuclear power plants began to be installed on submarines, thereby appearing nuclear submarines. Today's holiday date - Day of the submariner was established in 1996 by the Commander-in-Chief of the IMF. As of April 18, 2014, Russia has 70 submarines in service various kinds who sacredly guard our fatherland every second.
Long trips under water associated with being in confined space a submarine, an incredibly difficult service to ensure the country's strategic security - all this allows us to consider submariners the elite of the fleet. The history of the submarine fleet began at the end of the 19th century, when in 1880, according to the drawings of Stepan Dzhevetsky, the so-called "submarines" were built, which were moved by the muscular strength of the rowers. On March 19, 1906, a new line was included in the classifier of ships of the military fleet by decree of Emperor Nicholas II - submarines. Now it is a modern fleet consisting of nuclear, diesel and missile strategic submarines, and March 19 is considered the professional holiday of submariners, which is also celebrated by the creators of submarines - designers, repairmen, shipbuilders.
In the depths of underwater waters
Sometimes a sailor lives.
He not only lives
He does the job.
And the work is not easy
And the work is so hard..
Happy Russian Submariner's Day
We congratulate the sailor.
Always keep the course ahead
In life, only full speed,
Happiness, peace and kindness,
Conquest of new waters!
Day of the sailor-submariner today,
Happiness to you, hope and warmth.
Let your heart breathe freely
Let the road of life be bright.
Mutual love, faithful for years,
Health to you, good luck, kindness.
May trouble never touch
May your dreams always come true!
Congratulations on the day of the sailor-submariner of Russia! I wish you smooth dives, easy climbs, fair currents and no obstacles on life path. Be healthy, be proud of your calling, develop and learn new things. Security, peace, family and personal well-being, joy and sincere feelings!
All Russian submariners
Congratulations from the bottom of our hearts,
You are the elite of the fleet for us,
And you are good in everything
May your holiday bring joy
Be happy always
You value life, and you will
Blessed water!
You, dear submariner
With the fighting soul of the sea,
Congratulations on this day
And we'll sing a couplet to you:
Let the sea be good
Sadness will be sweet in the heart,
Let everything work out for you
And in the future, and now!
submariners,
Strong and strict
Your holiday is coming
Finds you everywhere.
We wish you perseverance
Endurance and vivacity,
Let luck be your companion
Spin around you.
Let the rears be home
Remain important.
Happiness is added
Dive well.
Spring Festival is knocking at the door.
Submariner - proudly sounds!
I congratulate you on this holiday,
I wish you complete calm at sea.
For the wife to wait at home,
For merit to grow rapidly,
To always return home
And you never got into trouble!
This service is not easy.
And not everyone can bear the burden,
On the day of submariners I remember you
And I want to congratulate you from the bottom of my heart.
Let the blue waves help you -
To all submariners sailors.
Be persistent, be strong
Return to native lighthouses!
On the day of the submariner - health,
Do not know sadness, sadness and longing,
May any day, not just today,
All hopes and dreams come true.
Let the swim go by
Like a bright whirlwind, giving you success,
So that you can always enjoy
The wonderful work of your whole life.
submariners,
Happy holiday friends.
You health, happiness,
Let the family wait at home.
May the sea be calm
Peace to all, goodness.
Let after the dive
There will always be a rise.
Under water as we know
There's too much room for one.
So you have to wish
Friends are always around to watch.
Rivers such that the channel - without a whirlpool,
And the bottom of the ocean is without sharp rocks.
Everywhere always let someone beside you,
What can you say about:
When all of a sudden, he will reflect the blow.
Joy to you full of two balloons,
Good luck to you and the title of champion.
In this regard, I would like to wish: lovers - love, lovers - keep, those who bought a Russian Lotto ticket - win!
The day of the broadcast on the NTV channel is traditionally Sunday. Starting from October 17, the broadcast starts at 14:00 Moscow time.
Broadcast of the 1271 Russian Lotto draw on TV, dedicated to Valentine's Day, will also take place on Sunday, February 17, 2019, starting at 14:00 Moscow time on the NTV channel .
What will be played on February 17, 2019:
In 1271 circulation, the All-Russian State. lottery will draw a lot of clothing and cash prizes, 100 romantic trips and a Jackpot of 500 million rubles.What does the ticket look like:
The 1271 ticket has a pink border. Flying against the blue sky balloon in the form of a heart, to the left of it is the inscription "Happy Valentine's Day!", And below - "Jackpot 500,000,000 rubles." On the bottom left is written "1271 circulation". At the bottom, on a white background, there is an inscription "100 romantic trips".Recall that a short day on Friday 02/22/2019 will be the only "gift" to the Russian defenders in terms of rest, because. the day off from Saturday is not transferred to the next Monday, but to Friday, May 10, 2019.
Grow good seedlings tomatoes in 2019 on the windowsill in the apartment is a whole art. Knowing the timing of timely planting of seeds, picking seedlings and following the rules for caring for it result in strong and healthy plants. Experienced gardeners are also advised not to neglect the moon phase calendar, which, in their opinion, has a huge impact on the development of tomatoes. Below we talk about when to plant tomatoes in 2019 for seedlings and in the ground, taking into account the lunar calendar.
Dates for sowing tomato seeds for seedlings in 2019:
In 2019 best timing planting seeds for seedlings at home for middle lane Russians are advancing a day after the new moon March 6, 2019. However, the most favorable days are from 10 to 12 March 2019 and 15 and 16 March 2019. Late dates sowing tomato seedlings 2019 are coming after the full moon March 21, 2019. On the waning moon, the optimal days will be March 23 and 24, 2019.Recall that the seeds should be disinfected before planting (for example, in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate), and then rinsed well. We advise you to soak the seeds for a day in a weak solution to increase the future yield. boric acid(0.1 g per 0.5 l of water). The dried seeds are sown in small (7-8 cm) trays with soil to a depth of no more than 1-1.5 cm, watered and covered with foil. The temperature of seed germination is + 22-25 degrees, so they are kept away from a cold windowsill. As soon as the first shoots appear, the film is removed and the trays are put on the windowsill. Seedlings should be watered only with warm (+ 20 + -22 degrees) water.
Dates for picking tomato seedlings in 2019:
When the first real carved leaf appears between the cotyledon leaves, the seedlings can be dived into separate pots or into boxes with soil 12-15 cm high. In any case, the distance between adjacent plants should be 10-12 cm. cotyledons.In March 2019 - from 23 to 27 March; in April 2019 - April 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17. April 5, 2019 new moon, so picking on the growing moon from 7 to 17 April 2019 the most preferred.
Terms of care for tomato seedlings in 2019 (watering, fertilizing, hardening):
To prevent tomato seedlings from stretching, you need provide her with enough light and lower the air temperature during the day from +18 to 24 degrees, and at night from +12 to 16 degrees.It is also necessary feed. The first dressing is given 7-10 days after picking, when the plant forms new roots, and then every 8-12 days. For top dressing, mineral fertilizers or wood ash are dissolved in water for irrigation.
In April 2019, any days will be the best for top dressing from 7 to 18, from 20 to 26, 29 and 30 April. In May 2019 you can feed from 1 to 4, from 7 to 18, 21-23, 26-31 May.
15-20 days before landing in the ground seedlings need to be hardened. It is best to take it to the loggia or balcony, open the window.
During the last decade before planting, the tomato seedlings stretch out a lot, especially if the weather is warm. retard growth You can stop watering, and water only when the leaves wither in the middle of the day.
Terms of planting tomato seedlings 2019 in the ground:
Tomato seedlings are planted in the ground at the age of 60-70 days from germination when the air temperature at night exceeds +12 degrees. One or two days before planting, the plants should be well watered with top dressing to ensure the preservation of the roots and the nutrition of the plants after planting in the ground.Seedlings in May 2019 can be planted under arcs with covering material already on May 17-18 on the growing moon. Recall that May 19, 2019 is a full moon, and it is better to stop work. better days in may 2019 on the waning moon will be May 26-28 and 31. In June 2019 it is already possible to plant in open ground 1 and 2, 5 and 6 June. June 3, 2019 new moon and activities in the garden are undesirable.
Recall optimal timing planting and caring for tomato seedlings in 2019:
* sowing seeds - from 10 to 12, 15 and 16, 23 and 24 March 2019;
* picking seedlings - from 23 to 27 March; April 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 2019;
* feeding seedlings every 8-12 days - from 7 to 18, from 20 to 26, 29 and 30 April, from 1 to 4, from 7 to 18, 21-23, 26-31 May 2019;
* planting seedlings in the ground - May 17, 18, 26-28, May 31, June 1, 2, 5, 6, 2019
We also read:
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The date of Pesach is tied to the lunisolar Jewish calendar, and therefore, according to the Gregorian calendar, the number of celebrations changes annually. The Jewish Passover of 2019 begins with the onset of twilight on the 14th day of the spring month of Nisan ( from the evening of April 19, 2019), and lasts 7 days in Israel - from nisan 15 to 21 (April 20, 2019 to April 26, 2019), and 8 days outside of it, including in Russia - on Nisan 22 (until April 27, 2019).
According to ancient tradition, every Jewish holiday begins the night before, after sunset. Therefore, Pesach 2019 is also celebrated on the evening of April 19, 2019 with a festive sedar (night Easter meal). The 14th day of Nisan is also called the Day of preparation for the holiday.
Thus, the date of the Jewish Passover in 2019 will be as follows:
* Beginning - April 19, 2019 (in the evening, at dusk).
* First day - April 20, 2019
*Last day is April 26, 2019 in Israel (April 27, 2019 outside Israel).
We also read:
On the first and last day of Pesach 2019 it is forbidden to work, so Nisan 15 (April 20, 2019) and Nisan 21 (April 26, 2019) are announced in Israel non-working days. In addition, April 20, 2019 falls on Saturday - a non-working day with a five-day working week in a number of countries, including Russia.
One of the traditions of the Passover holiday is the eating of "flat unleavened bread" - matzah. This tradition is explained by the fact that when the pharaoh freed the Israelites from slavery, they left Egypt in a hurry, in which they could not wait for the yeast bread dough to rise. Therefore, during the Jewish Passover, leavened bread is not eaten.
It was established by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Russian Federation dated July 15, 1996 "On the introduction of annual holidays and professional days in the specialty."
The date for the celebration was not chosen by chance. On March 19 (March 6, old style), 1906, submarines in the Russian fleet were separated into an independent class of warships. This is evidenced by the order of the Maritime Department No. 52 of March 24 (March 11, old style) 1906, signed by the Minister of Marine, which says "The Sovereign Emperor [Nicholas II], on the sixth day of March of this year, the Highest Command deigned ... to include in classification of ships of the navy category of submarines". This day is considered the official date of birth of the submarine forces of the Russian fleet.
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, almost all the leading powers had just started building a submarine fleet.
In Russia in the 19th century, several experimental submarines were built and even a series of 50 ultra-small submarines intended for the defense of sea fortresses. The design and construction of submarines, as one of the most important areas of military shipbuilding, originated in Russia in the first decade of the 20th century.
In 1903, the first Russian combat submarine "Delfin" ("Destroyer No. 113") was built. The first submarines in Russia were called destroyers, or semi-submarines. The real name - submarine - was established only in 1906.
For the first time, submarines, as a new category of ships that have not yet received official recognition, took part in hostilities in Russo-Japanese War. A series of submarines of 13 units, the so-called "fish series" (by the names "Dolphin", "Skat", "Burbot", etc.), in 1904 was transferred to railway to the Far East to participate in the war with Japan. The presence of Russian submarines in the forces intended for the defense of Vladivostok forced the enemy to abandon actions against the Russian naval base.
The formation of the first formation of submarine forces - a submarine brigade as part of the Baltic Fleet - dates back to 1911. The brigade was based in Libau (now Liepaja, Latvia) and consisted of 11 submarines, floating bases "Khabarovsk" and "Europe".
During the First World War (1914-1918), submarines were used to fight on sea lanes. By the end of the war, an independent branch of the fleet was formed - the Submarine Force, which could solve tasks of both a tactical and operational nature.
The initial stage in the history of Soviet submarine shipbuilding was the years 1920-1926, when several small submarines purchased abroad during the First World War were assembled at one of the Black Sea plants.
In 1930-1939, the USSR fleet was replenished with 20 large, 80 medium, 60 small submarines and 20 underwater minelayers. By the beginning of World War II, the four fleets had 218 submarines, of which 211 were Soviet-built. During the war years, their crews sank about 100 warships and destroyed over 200 transports.
In the post-war years, the intensive development of enterprises that built submarines began. At the same time, work was launched to create new submarine bases in all fleets, primarily in the North and Pacific.
In 1958, the first Soviet nuclear submarine ("Leninsky Komsomol") entered the fleet, and 10 years later, the Navy already had more than 50 nuclear submarines. The introduction of nuclear power plants on submarines gave them unlimited navigation autonomy.
With the equipping of submarines with ballistic and cruise missiles - carriers of nuclear weapons, the appearance of nuclear power plants on submarines, the submarine forces entered the ocean and became the main striking force of the Navy, possessing high mobility, secrecy, and the ability to solve operational-strategic and strategic tasks.
The basis of the modern Submarine Forces of the Russian Navy is nuclear-powered strategic and multi-purpose submarines armed with sea-based ballistic missiles and cruise missiles.
Submarine forces, as the strike force of the fleet, have a number of properties that determine their advantage in armed struggle at sea: secrecy of actions, the ability to conduct fighting in any areas of the oceans, the ability to deliver powerful nuclear missile strikes against militarily important enemy targets and most effectively conduct combat operations against enemy surface combat ships, submarines, transports and ships. They have the ability to operate under the ice of the Arctic Basin and little dependence on hydrometeorological conditions in the combat area.
Today, submarines of various classes continue to carry out combat duty and combat service within the framework of Russia's national security system. The presence of a modern submarine fleet allows Russia to remain among the largest maritime powers. Therefore, the construction of submarines in our country continues today. The State Armaments Program until 2020 provides for the construction and entry into the Navy of eight Borey-class nuclear submarine missile carriers and eight new Yasen-class nuclear multi-purpose submarines capable of striking targets on land and sea with long-range cruise missiles.
On the Day of the Submariner, solemn events are held at the main bases and bases of the fleets, at which a well-deserved tribute is paid to all generations of submariners.
Traditionally, the Day of the Submariner is celebrated not only by the military, but also by designers, submarine builders, ship repairers - everyone who provides the construction, repair and maintenance of the combat readiness of the submarine fleet.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
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