Small planers. Wood processing on planing machines. Planer knives and knife shafts.

31.07.2018

Planing is the process of removing layers of metal from flat surfaces of workpieces. It is used along with milling, but differs in a different kinematics of the movement of the working tool: if the cutter performs a rotational movement, then the cutter on the planer is reciprocating. On such equipment, grooves and grooves are sometimes also performed.

Cleaning has three main purposes: first, remove the outer layers of rough lumber to the nearest tenth of a millimeter. Secondly, it levels the surface and balances small radii and arcs. And finally, purge creates smooth surface without chips or chips.

Window making machines for consistent quality

Making windows creates a lot of problems for any carpenter. Today, windows must meet stringent requirements for precision and thermal insulation. Wood is an ideal material for window production as it has excellent static properties and provides reasonable levels of thermal insulation, but of course wooden windows also includes other various materials at least glass rubber gaskets, metal and locking mechanisms. In addition, it is extremely important to make sure that the frame does not experience significant distortion after reassembly, otherwise the window will immediately lose most of its functionality: it will no longer close properly in order to cold air entered or got stuck.

Varieties

A planer for metal can be a longitudinal planer or a cross planer. The principle of processing blanks on these varieties is fundamentally different. Longitudinal planers are designed for processing relatively short surfaces, therefore, in them, the movement receives a table to which the workpiece is attached, while the cutter is installed in the cutter head of the caliper and does not move relative to the machine bed. In a cross-cutting machine, the opposite is true: the cutter moves, and the semi-finished product installed on the table is motionless.

Therefore, the wood chosen must be adequate and able to be mechanized very accurately. And that is why the woodworking industry has developed a number of window machines that, although based on different design principles, are somewhat related to lumberjacks.

Types of window making machines and types of planers

Bending machines Bending machines Combined planing machines. . The edging machines are stationary machines with a large planing table. They are designed very simply and consist mainly of a steel table, in the middle of which there is a rotating planer roller, located transversely. The workpiece is pushed across the table as the brush holder does its job, removing a significant layer of wood from the surface.

Planers lose out to milling machines in productivity because they have an idle stage when the workpiece or cutter is moved to a new position. But the drive is not so energy-intensive, because. rotational movement of the working tool (as in milling machines) requires increased work costs from the drive motor.

The blade roller in the trim can be adjusted as needed so that it can be moved up or down relative to the work surface to eliminate the amount required material and create a piece of wood using the Required Thickness.

If the workpiece is already sufficiently smoothed and parallelized in trimming, it can be processed down to a tenth of a millimeter in a refrigerator. Thicknesses have a base frame that contains a desktop and an integrated cutting knife. The regulator allows you to adjust the work on the entire work table, and not just the rotary planer. Both the frame and the planer table are used to determine the thickness of the entire workpiece.

Classification of the considered metal cutting equipment can be made in other ways:

Drive type. Units are produced with a hydraulic drive of the table (or tool), as well as with a crank-rocker version of the drive. For the former, the speeds of the moving units are constant, while for the latter, they can change according to the characteristics of the processing technology. To do this, it is enough to reinstall the stone of the rocker mechanism in a new position.
By the number of work surfaces that can be processed simultaneously. Four-sided planers for metal can process simultaneously on all sides of the semi-finished product, while double-sided - only from opposite sides. Accordingly, the caliper of machine tools of the first variety has more complex structure and is intended for four incisors. Single-sided machines are mostly small-sized.
Drive power. Small-sized machines are limited in their functionality, but attract the consumer at a small price and compactness, so they can be installed in small metalworking industries, or even in private workshops.
According to the tool or table movement configuration. For complex trajectories, metal planing machines are produced, which are equipped with a CNC system. They are used in small-scale production, if it is necessary to obtain complex flat surfaces on products. In this case, the qualification of the worker does not matter much, since all movements are carried out according to the coordinates entered in advance into the memory of the system.

Device

For the qualitative performance of the functions assigned to it, planing machines must include the following components:

This device combination is very popular as it saves space and also works very efficiently. Shaping looks like vertical brushing. Instead of a horizontal cleaning roller, molding machines use a vertical cutting roller, but this cannot be moved freely, as is the case with tabletop machines. milling machines. The molding machine uses a continuous stopper, on which the workpiece can be securely fixed.

The advantage of the forming machine is that the cutting roller is interchangeable, so radial or layered chamfers can be created within the edge of the workpiece. The best way heavy compounds wooden beams is to use notches and studs, which are precision joints that are used in blind holes and pre-assembled through holes. The machines that are used to create the bushing joints are calligadores and consist mainly of a molding machine and a small circular saw.

bed;
caliper with one or more toolholders;
frame (on large machines, the frame has a portal configuration, on smaller ones it is made in the form of a console);
mechanism for moving the table and / or support;
work table with T-slots for precise positioning of the product;
electric motor;
a pumping station for supplying lubricating-cooling media to the planing zone;
crossbars connecting the elements of the frame and giving it the necessary rigidity;
control unit.

On the other hand, the cross-sections of the pin connections are relatively small, with the result that the gaskets are also very compact devices. Window production machines are a special combination of shaping and planing machines that work on profiled wood. This type of machine smoothes, polishes, cuts, cuts and slots wood into pieces and then the cutter cuts it to the desired length. Window machines require a wide range of processing stations to complete these tasks, but once installed, wood planks can be processed from all sides in one work cycle.

For working movements of the cutter in longitudinal planers, a crank-rocker drive is used. Numerous options for its settings allow you to perform operations with metal on vertical, horizontal and even inclined planes.

Purchase of industrial planers and machines for the production of used windows

The machines are suitable for large series and can maintain consistent accuracy in many parts. After the window has been processed in the window making machine, installed on the supporting device and securely fixed on the frame. The planer is probably the strongest and toughest machine in the carpentry industry. Thanks to simple design and robust and durable construction even very old machines are in good working order.

The change in the speed of movement of moving parts is made by a gearbox in which there is a set of several gear pairs. By including (manually or according to the program) a certain pair of work, a new speed of movement of the workpiece or tool is obtained. The choice depends on the mechanical characteristics of the metal being processed. For less ductile materials, power cutting is used with increased feed rates, and ductile workpieces are planed at reduced speeds to prevent chips from sticking to the cutter, reduce friction losses and reduce thermal deformation of the workpiece.

Regarding the process of selling used planers, it is recommended to check the machine before agreeing on a price, as it is the buyer or the seller. Keep in mind that the main disadvantage of industrial planer is an engine, as it requires periodic changes and spare parts. Height bearings and roller bearings may also wear out over time, but replacement parts are usually easy to obtain. However, beyond that, usually the price of a lumberjack for sale on the secondary market is quite acceptable, and in addition, it is almost always about machines in excellent condition that can last for many more years.

Nomenclature and designation

All sizes planing equipment belong to the group of machines for processing flat surfaces. At the same time, machines are marked separately general purpose(both transverse and longitudinal planing), specialized and special.

Rest assured that buying a used lumberjack is a safe bet, especially if you're willing to take it apart, clean it, and check that the machine is working properly. Of course, when it comes to more complex versions, such as electric planers, more demanding maintenance is required than for simpler planers: it is clear that a window machine capable of processing several sides in one work cycle will require more Maintenance than a manual planer.

Manufacturers of planers and window machines

However, the machines used to manufacture windows from the most recognizable manufacturers are manufactured to high standards and the high quality of these machines still shows many years after they were made. Among the most popular manufacturers of planers and window machines.

The general classification index for such equipment includes an alphanumeric designation of the type XXXX. The first index - a number - determines the assignment of the machine to a particular type. For the equipment in question, this is always the number 7. This is followed by a number that indicates the type of machine:

1 - single-column longitudinally planing;
2 - two-column longitudinally planing;
3 - cross-planing;

The price of a lumberjack used in the used machine market is very affordable and those looking for a used planer will find a wide selection of technically simple machines at low prices, even those bearing the badges of the most important brands. Also, if you choose to sell your lumberjack, it would be wise to take a look at online lumberjack suppliers to get an idea of the prices and conditions for this type of equipment. Planning takes courage and good ideas.

An ideal task for Matthias Hofmann and his company Hess Timber. Behind this is Bernard Arnault, the richest businessman in France. He is an art lover and has recently created a Louis-Vuitton founding museum in the south of Paris. The planning was in the hands of renowned American architect Frank Gehry.

The last two digits of the marking indicate the main technological parameter of the equipment. As a rule, this is the largest dimension of the workpiece in decimeters. For example, brand 7310 will indicate that this unit is cross-planing, and is designed for metal processing with a maximum plane length of up to 1000 mm. The letter in the designation (for example, 7A110) indicates a modification of the basic model (for example, the presence of a hydraulic drive, an additional clamping unit, etc.). The presence of the letter F in the designation indicates that this equipment is equipped with a CNC system.

Homemade planer

The amount of input played a secondary role, but the quality and creativity of the various craft sectors were of paramount importance. Thanks to his unconventional way of thinking and his willingness to take risks, he has gained an international reputation in the construction industry. He regrets that the difficult day-to-day work, the production of load-bearing structures for normal enclosed spaces, has lost its significance. The effort required to implement large-scale projects is enormous. Each measure requires virtually new technology, he says.

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K category: Joinery

Planing machines

The blanks obtained after cutting are usually processed on planing machines. Planers are planers for planing into a corner, planers for making edges parallel and four-sided planers.

The same is happening with the Louis Vuitton Museum. The necessary supports for the parking lots, partly even with double bends, were made on a bench of our own design. When placing an order, Matthias Hofmann impressed customers with an unusual form of sizing blocks on a rod. A special attraction is the plate, which looks the same on the top and bottom, on the sides. This procedure is based on a special bonding geometry that allows the transport of short beam segments, mostly without length limitation and without loss of load-bearing capacity.

Jointers

Jointing machine SF6-3 (Fig. 1) is designed for planing (joining) the surfaces of boards, boards and bars along the plane, as well as narrow edges (edges) at a right or other specified angle to a wide edge.

Rice. 1. Jointing machine SF6-3: 1 - electric motor, 2 - rear plate of the desktop, 3 - guide ruler, 4 - handle of the front plate height indicator, 5 - fan guard, 6 - front plate of the desktop. 7 - starting device, 8 - knife shaft, 9 - frame

Transatlantic Quality Alliance

The American window market is becoming more demanding. In Massachusetts, hurricanes and very low temperatures are nothing exceptional. An ideal environment for the production of high quality three-window windows. Its goal is to participate in the huge American market with the production and sale of energy efficient window and door elements. Clients invest primarily in the high market segment. The high demands of customers, however, require first-class production technology. Every two minutes a new, fully mechanized part is produced.

The jointer consists of a frame, two cast iron plates, forming a working table, a knife shaft (cutter head), planer knives and drive.

The front (first along the material) plate of the machine serves to guide the material before planing, and the rear plate to guide the material during the planing process. The front plate is set 1.5-2 mm lower than the back plate, i.e., by the thickness of the chip being removed.

Jack Daniel has long been the benchmark for distilling first class whiskey. Barrel production is also at the forefront of technology. Throughout the world, the taste, smell and color of whiskey is largely determined by the barrels in which it is kept for many years. However, Europe and the United States have their own procedural preferences.

While European whiskey producers rely on the quality of old oak barrels, Americans prefer new barrels blackened by smoke. Aging gives the whiskey a strong vanilla flavor. Before being placed in barrels, the distillate is slowly filtered dropwise through a pile of charcoal several meters high. In this way, the whiskey becomes smoother and cleaner. Each keg can only be filled once.

Each table plate can be set to the required height. Adjustment of the front plate in height is made by a handle on which there are height marks. The rear plate is adjusted with a screw and nuts.

A cutter shaft 8 is located between the plates. The cutting edges of the knives mounted on it are flush with the surface of the rear plate. At the ends of the plates facing the knife shaft, steel pads-sponges are attached flush with their surface, designed to protect the plates from abrasion and spalling, as well as to reduce the gap between the knives and plates and support the fibers when cutting chips. The knife shaft is driven by an electric motor through a V-belt drive. The knife shaft is closed from above by a fan protection.

The same is true of Jack Daniel's traditional home: at his fully computerized manufacturing plant in Alabama, about a thousand barrels of the famous bourbon are distilled daily. Until recently, staves were the result of laborious manual labor. From wood it was equally bad. In this way, it is possible to process geometrically precise workpieces, even at high feed rates. The technical knowledge also impressed the American Timber Association.

A Fact He Never Regretd: The Dauerholz Story

But production ships were built in the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, which led to a boom in the company. Dauerholz's territory boards have long been the subject of a hotly contested topic. A few years ago, a carpenter from Hamburg made a sensational discovery: unlike comparable conservative agents, heated wax penetrates the core of the wood, providing deep protection. The ingenious designer found a number of bold lenders who believed in the idea, especially since the outside areas with covered terraces wooden floors and the most diverse wooden structures, offer a wide field for ecological waxed wood with high resistance to climatic influences, humidity and pests.

The machine is equipped with a removable guide ruler, which can be moved across the table, set at the required angle or tilted up.

In addition, the machine has a brake device for quick braking of the knife shaft after turning off the motor.

Usually on planer perform three types of work: face jointing, face jointing and one edge jointing, face and two edge jointing. In addition, it is possible to remove sags on boards and frames with simultaneous alignment of the plane, trimming boxes to size, jointing plywood edges, etc. Before jointing, the part must be placed with the concave side down for greater stability.

Feeding on jointers is in most cases carried out manually.

At the same time, narrow parts are planed simultaneously in several pieces. The jointing of the edges of thin plots is carried out in batches. When working on a machine with a conveyor feed, the parts are fed end to end.

To facilitate and ensure the safety of work, it is now increasingly used special devices, serving for automatic feeding material, the so-called automatic feeders (Fig. 2, a, b). Their use increases productivity by 1.5-2 times.

The autofeeder is mounted on a stand that is mounted on the machine and can be installed in any position with respect to the work spindle, table or machine guide.

The currently available universal automatic feeders can be used on planers, circular saws, milling, band saws and grinding machines and provide mechanization of feed on these machines, which are usually produced with manual feed.

Rice. 2. Universal automatic feeder: a - installation for feeding with a top clamp, b - installation for feeding with a side clamp

The main defect of planing on a jointer is the non-straightness of the planed surface as a result of weak or uneven pressure on the workpiece. In addition, defects are often observed in the form of protrusions up to 1-1.5 mm deep, scuffs (when processing against the layer). In these cases, there is a need for subsequent selective cleaning, which is carried out on the "Lilliput" jointing machines.

Workpieces should be placed near the machine so that the machine operator does not have to make unnecessary movements. The layout of the organization of the workplace at the jointer is shown in fig. 3.

Safety precautions when working on jointers

1. The distance between the edges of the desktop overlays and the surface that the knife blades describe should be no more than 3 mm.
2. Working part The slots must be closed with an automatically operating fence that allows all work to be performed on the machine and opens the knife slot only to the width of the workpiece. The non-working part of the slot behind the guide bar must be completely closed at all positions of the guide bar.
3. When planing parts shorter than 400 mm, narrower than 50 mm and thinner than 30 mm, when manually feeding the material, push blocks should be used.
4. Application knife shafts square shape and overlays to give square shafts a cylindrical shape is prohibited.
5. It is allowed to let the knives out of the shaft by no more than 3 mm.
6. The surface of the rear plate must match the cutting edge of the knives.
7. Shape planing and selection of quarters on a planer is prohibited.

Thicknessing machines

Thicknessing machine SR12 (Fig. 4, a, b) is designed for one-sided planing of a part parallel to the jointed side to a specified thickness.

Rice. 3. The scheme of the rational organization of the workplace at the jointer: 1 - unplaned parts, 2-place of the machine operator,. 3 - planed parts

The table (Fig. 4, a) of the thicknessing machine consists of one solid plate, and the knife shaft is located above the table. The table moves in height to set the required distance to the cutting edges of the knives. The thickness of the removed layer of material at the largest planing width should not exceed 2 mm.

Rice. 4. Thickening machine SR12: a - general form: 1 - knife shaft electric motor, 2 - starter, 3 - safety cover, 4 - work table, 5 - feed motor, 6 - frame; b - diagram of the working part: 1 - worktable, 2 - workpiece, 3 - safety hangers (claws), 4 - corrugated feed roller, 5 - cap, 6 - knife shaft, 7 - rear pressure block, 8 - visor above the roller, 9 - smooth feed roller, 10 - lower guide rollers; c - sectional feed roller

Material feeding on planer machines is done mechanically. The feed mechanism consists of two pairs of rollers. The first pair is in front knife shaft, and the second - behind the shaft. The upper drive rollers are driven by an electric motor 5 through a gear train. The lower rollers (guides) are positioned exactly below the upper rollers, freely mounted and driven by the feed material.

The lower rollers protrude 0.2-0.3 mm above the table surface. The upper front rollers are made corrugated so that the material does not slip. Install them 2-3 mm below the surface of the material being fed. The corrugated feed roller is made from separate sections (Fig. 4, c). This allows the simultaneous processing of several workpieces of different thicknesses (within 4 mm).

The upper rear roller is made smooth so as not to spoil the planed surface of the workpieces. Install it below the cutting edges of the knives by 1 mm.

There are hangers in front of the corrugated roller, the purpose of which is to prevent parts from flying back out of the machine.

The knife shaft is closed from above by a massive enclosing cap, which is also a device for removing chips into the exhaust device (exhauster).

The front edge of the cap is located very close to the radius of rotation of the knives. It presses the bar, preventing its vibration, and also serves as a support for the wood fibers at the exit point of the knife and prevents the possibility of chipping.

When setting up a thicknessing machine, it is necessary to ensure that the desktop is installed without distortion, and check the correct position of the lower and upper rollers.

The productivity of the machine depends on the feed rate and the number of simultaneously processed parts.

Shields with tips or bound frames are fed into the machine obliquely, since with a straight feed, planing will occur across the fibers and the surface will turn out to be rough and chipped at the edges.

Safety precautions when working on planer machines

1. Corrugated rollers should not have cracks, knocked-out ribs and a worn surface.
2. The top rollers must be fully protected from the working side.
3. The length of planed parts is allowed not less than the distance between the front and rear upper rollers plus 50 mm.
4. Simultaneous planing of two or more parts of different thicknesses with a continuous feed roller is prohibited.

Quadruple planers and moulders

To combine the operations of planing the face and edge, three

- Planing machines