Hitting a well for water. Video - Drilling a well in the sand

In areas where urban water supply does not function, the problem of water supply is one of the main ones. Water is needed in the country. Irrigation of plants, domestic needs, cooking - are not possible without it. A well is the best option for obtaining moisture in a garden. Moreover, this can be done in the shortest possible time and without significant financial costs. The main thing is to pre-designate the place most convenient for drilling.

Methods for searching for water, establishing the depth and installation point of the well

If there are no obvious signs of water occurrence in the garden (area with lush vegetation), you need to look for it yourself. There are many methods of reconnaissance, we will analyze the most effective ones.

Soil water covers

In the soil, as a rule, there are three or more aquifers, divided among themselves by solid rocks, the relief outlines of which can differ significantly.

1. The upper one is located at a depth of about 25 m. It is formed due to the accumulation of water from melted snow and precipitation. Suitable only for technical needs, as it may contain fertilizer residues and other unwanted chemicals. elements.
2. The middle (ground) goes immediately after the first. The water extracted from this layer has a stable chemical composition and is suitable for consumption.
3. The lower one (artesian) is located 40 m deep. Not every drilling rig will drill such a well, and it will be very expensive. But the waters of the artesian layer are distinguished by exemplary taste, organoleptic and biochemical qualities.

Based on this, we can conclude that a depth of 25-40 m is suitable for obtaining high-quality water. It will be possible to determine more precisely only during drilling, when sampling. It should be borne in mind that in summer cottages located in lowlands or close to rivers and lakes, the groundwater level can be much higher (from 10 to 15 meters deep).

Search methods

• Silica gel. Bags of balls are usually placed with shoes to absorb moisture, and can also be bought at hardware stores. In the dried state (in the oven or in the sun), the balls are buried for a day in the ground, after being placed in a clay container (1m) in the place where it is planned to drill for water. After the specified time, the container is weighed, and the heavier it is, the closer the liquid is.
• Barometric. A 0.1 mmHg barometer (any one capable of showing elevation changes will do) shows a 1 meter difference in elevation. That is, you first need to take measurements on the shore of the nearest reservoir, and then compare them with measurements directly in the selected area. The difference between the air pressure drops in both places will be an indicator of the depth of groundwater. It will be much more convenient to use an electronic downhole cable level gauge.
• Pre-drilling. An ordinary garden drill with an auger diameter of 30 cm will be enough to decide on the choice of a place for a future source. It should be noted that you will have to go deep by 6-10 m, so take care in advance of increasing the length of the handle. It is recommended to remove the soil every fifteen centimeters of the recess. It is necessary to perform the action before the appearance of water in the mixture to be extracted. This is one of the most reliable search methods, but it requires a lot of work.

Determination of a place for a well

It is not advisable to choose a place for a well near sewer facilities, cesspools, garbage heaps and other sources of pollution. It is recommended to maintain a distance of 25-30 meters from them. Elevated terrain is best so that the pump does not flood.

How to drill a well on the site with your own hands

Many summer residents prefer to hire a team of people who have the appropriate equipment at their disposal, instead of trying to drill a well on their own.

In fact, the process is not difficult. It is only necessary to understand the sequence of actions, prepare all the necessary equipment and get to work.

Subspecies of borehole structures

Regarding the depth of drilling, the volume of water produced, its quality and service life, there are the following types facilities:

• Sandy or filter. It is a pipe with a diameter of 100-130 mm, deepened by an auger into the sand by 20-30 m. A stainless steel mesh is fixed at the lower end of the riser, which acts as a filter. Such a design will last from 5 to 15 years, depending on the frequency of use: the less often it is used, the less it will function.
• Artesian or unfiltered. This is a catchment underground structure for the extraction of water from limestone porous rocks. The depth of a well of this type is from 20 to 200 m, and the service life is at least 50 years. In comparison with the previous type, it is practically impossible to dig an artesian well with your own hands, since a special drilling machine is needed for this purpose.

Do-it-yourself well drilling methods

To date, there are several common methods for extracting water with your own hands.

Manual drilling of wells for water

It is used for drilling wells up to 25 m deep.

Required tool:

• drill (its head is attached to the lower rod);
• rods (can be made from pipes by connecting them with dowels or threads);
• winch;
• siege pipes;
• drilling tower (if the well is planned to be deep, it will raise / lower the drill with rods).

Stages technological process:

1. Setting the tower to a height of 50-70 cm above the level of the bar (to make it easier to remove).
2. Digging a hole for a drill (depth - two bayonet shovels).
3. The initial rotation is easy, and then (as you dive) you will need an additional pair of working hands.
4. To facilitate further entry of pipes, you can try to moisten the soil with water.
5. Every 50 cm, you should raise the drill to the surface and clean the blades from the ground (since this takes a lot of time, you should try to grab as much soil as possible for each lift).
6. You need to continue until the head falls into the waterproof layer.
7. The slurry is pumped out with a submersible pump (AL-KO Drain 7000 Classic is suitable) until a clear liquid appears.

Manual drilling of wells under water has its advantages: low cost and not disturbing the structure of the land cover. However, the dimensions of such a structure (what is the depth, what is the diameter) do not allow a significant amount of water to be stored, and the service life does not exceed a decade.

Drilling a well for water using the shock-rope method

It consists in crushing rocks with a heavy object (driving glass), which is suspended by a rope from a makeshift tower and falls down.

Before you drill a well with your own hands using a shock-rope method, you must:

1. Make a tower. It is made in the form of a tripod from steel pipes or wooden logs. The structure should rise above the projectile by 1.5 meters in height.
2. Prepare a driving glass. At the end steel pipe a cutting edge is installed (a knife resembling an auger), and a hole is cut a little higher (about 50 cm) to extract the earth. The upper part of the projectile is attached to the tower with a cable.
3. Pull the rope, which will set the installation in motion with a winch. Then the same cycle occurs as in the previous method.

The shock-rope extraction of water lasts a long time and troublesome, but is the cheapest way.

How to choose a well pump yourself

Before you drill a well for water yourself, you need to carefully select the equipment. Since the diameter of the hole in the water well is not large (110-130 mm), the only option for supplying water to the surface is a pump. But it is difficult to make a choice in favor of a particular unit, since manufacturers provide consumers with a wide selection of products. Before proceeding with the selection, it is necessary to carefully study not only the passport characteristics of the pumping apparatus, but also the features of the well device.

Options for selecting a specific model:

• Round the clock water supply. If you have an average family of 3-4 people, a pump with a capacity of 30-60 l / min will be enough, without taking into account the additional cost of watering and irrigation. If there are such needs, a more powerful device will be needed.
• Source depth. It is not difficult to make accurate measurements. To do this, it is enough to tie a piece of metal or a small stone with a strong thread and sink it to the bottom. After that, you will have to measure the length of the wet and dry part of the "meter", and determine the total height of the riser. Relative to it, a model should be selected (the depth for submersible pumps is indicated in the passport).
• The rate of residence of water (debit). You pump out all the water, note the time for the liquid to leave, and then for filling, divide the first value by the second and get the result.
• Piping pipe diameter. When drilling water wells, you need to consider that most pumps are designed for a four-inch opening.
• Construction quality. Choose a unit designed specifically for wells, as they are equipped with fine mesh filters. Otherwise, you will have to change it soon, because it will not be able to cope with blockages (for example, washed sand) and will quickly fail.

Types of pumping stations

According to the functional features, all units are divided into two groups.

Surface

They are installed on the surface of the earth. A pipe or hose is attached to them ( better pipe, the pressurized hose may be pinched and water cannot circulate). The main advantage is that it is easy to install and operate. Centrifugal models are best suited (vibrating ones are not designed for pumping dirty water and are capable of destroying the source walls with vibration), such as Optima JET80S, Pedrollo PLURIJET 4/200.

Surface pumps have more advantages than submersible ones. They have more power and protection against overheating. Since they are larger (their size is not limited by the parameters of the well), they have more advanced filters, and they cool better. In addition, they are easier to lubricate or remove when repairs are needed.

Submersible

Suitable for pumping water from 40-70 meters deep. They are placed at the bottom of the tower and from there they push the liquid up. The characteristics of a certain pumping system are determined by the consequences of the measurements made. To do this, using the method described above, a rope with a load is lowered into the well. Add 3-4 m to the remaining dry part - this will be the height of the expulsion of the water jet. If it is up to 40 m, a low-power unit is suitable (indicated in the passport data), and if it is higher, select a high-power pump.

The best choice would be a fully automated device: in case of overheating or a voltage drop in the mains, it turns itself off. Models: Pedrollo 4SR8m/13 - PD 2.2, WILO TWI 5-306 EM, Gardena 6000/5.

Outcome

You can drill a well yourself without the use of rented expensive equipment. Let you spend a little more time drilling and arranging the source, but you will end up with a high-quality, do-it-yourself structure.

Pay special attention to the choice of the pump, since the hardware part is very important when working with water. You need a truly high-quality device that is easy to repair and maintain.

The construction of any building involves the mandatory arrangement of a water supply system, without which living and any activity is unthinkable. But sometimes even the owners of those plots that are connected or can be connected to the central highway are looking for alternative options.

One of them is the construction of a well under water. An autonomous source of moisture allows you to solve many problems associated with water quality, the constancy of its pressure, and the like. But before proceeding to installation work, you should find water for the well. There is an opinion that only professionals can do this, although, knowing some tricks, you can find a place to drill a well on your own. Let's consider the simplest of them.

Method for finding water for a well

First of all, you should know that there are several subsoil layers. They are located at different depths (at "horizons", levels) and have a complex configuration, sometimes approaching the surface, sometimes moving away from it. Take drinking water from the top layer is not recommended; often it can only be used for economic purposes.

In any case, control drilling of a well under water is first done. It may turn out that this place is not suitable for many reasons. First, the static water level in the well is determined, by which it can be judged whether it will meet the needs for its consumption. After that, a sample is taken from it and submitted to the SES for analysis in order to determine suitability for use.

After all, it is on this horizon that liquids enter, which are absorbed into the soil, including after cleaning in a septic tank. Therefore, before drilling a well under water, it is necessary to understand what it is for and what its consumption is required. Theoretically, the cleanest is from the lower layers, although their occurrence depth can reach up to 40 - 50 m. In addition, the upper horizon is less "voluminous", so there is no guarantee that the construction of a well under water with a fence from it will provide uninterrupted supply all year round, although the latter is not particularly important for giving.

1. A good guide can be well in a neighboring area. If there is a difference in depth, it is not so significant. Naturally, you need to look for a place where the water comes closest to the surface. Plants are clues. There are special tables that indicate the dependence of the depth of water formations on their type. For example, for yellow alfalfa - from 1 to 3.5 m, for sandy wormwood - from 3 to 5 m.

In addition, pets will also “tell” where to make a well under water. Above the near underground horizon, the cat rests with pleasure, but the dog will never lie down. The abundance of midges in this place is also a clue. But the ants (red) will definitely not be there.

2. With a frame. 2 wires (copper, aluminum) are taken about half a meter long. The ends of both (10 - 15 cm each) are bent and inserted into wood tubes (for example, elderberry with a previously removed core). The wires are taken in outstretched hands, and the search for water for the well begins. You need to slowly go around the site and watch where the "antennae" cross. In this place, a well should be drilled under water. You can also use one frame. In the “right” place, it will change its position, and with a small depth of occurrence, it will even begin to rotate.

In addition to the above, quite simple, there are other ways to find water for a well. To check the correctness of the result, you can leave an empty glass jar in this place, placing it upside down. After a while, its walls will fog up. And if you pour salt, it will soon get wet.

Work methodology

Drilling a well under water

There are several ways, but suburban area it is advisable to use "manual" ones that do not require large financial investments. Water will be taken from the upper layer, if it is suitable for its characteristics. In this case, its consumption can be provided up to 1.5 "cubes".

How to make a drill for a water well

This "tool", depending on the characteristics of the soil, can go up to 25 - 30 m. Water intake can be carried out already from 7 - 10 m, if the aquifer is not deep. Such a well under water is called "sandy".

The drill resembles the one that fishermen use to make holes in the ice in winter. The difference is that the tool consists of a straight rod with a screw end (steel strip welded in a spiral). A segment is welded on the other end metal pipe. The "shoulder" of the lever is selected based on the convenience of work.

When determining how to drill a well for water, you need to focus on its desired depth. Therefore, you should prepare "knees" - extensions for a rod no longer than 1.2 - 1.5 m (for convenience) each. Their number depends on the depth of penetration. They are also made from pieces of pipe of a suitable diameter. The connection between them is made by the method "one to another".

The knees of the hand drill for the well are fastened with metal fingers, for which radial holes are pre-drilled at the ends, if they coincide (after docking), a “stopper” is placed in them.

Each of the fingers should sit firmly. Therefore, they are also fixed in place with the help of bolts (which are screwed into pre-prepared - threaded - holes at their ends) or powerful studs.

Video - How to independently drill a well in the country

How to drill a well

The tool is placed strictly vertically, and the first 3 - 5 turns are made, after which it is removed from the pit along with the soil and cleaned. As it goes deeper into the soil, the bar lengthens with the help of knees.

It happens that a hand drill for a well does not go further, but turns on the spot (“idle”). Perhaps there is a large stone in the way. In this case, you should start over, moving slightly to the side. You can't go through this section manually.

Arrangement of a well under water

After the hole is made, a casing pipe is inserted into it so that the soil does not pour into the well. Next, a caisson is arranged. This is the place where the pump and other equipment will be located. Around casing pipe the soil is removed so that a hole is obtained about 1.5 x 1.5 and the same depth. Its bottom and walls are compacted and strengthened ( brickwork, blind area, concreting).

A caisson for a well under water also prevents debris from entering it. Therefore, it must have a lid. When using a well in winter, it is insulated.

• First, submersible type mechanisms are used.
• Secondly, power selection is carried out based on the depth of the wellbore. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the static water level in the well. Each pump has its own characteristics for pumping water.
• Thirdly, the pressure created by the pump.
• Fourthly, it is necessary to focus on the conditions of its application. Various Models capable of working only with liquids, either pure or with an acceptable level of impurities.

When determining how to make a well for water, you need to consider that the point of its intake should be lower than the source of pollution(drainage well, cesspool etc). If the features of the soil do not allow this, then the distance between the sewage treatment element and the pit should be maximum. Even better is to drill an artesian, although such a do-it-yourself water well requires a lot of time and effort.

It is necessary to pay attention to the method of mounting the filter, which is installed in the well under water in front of the pump. It should be easy enough to remove for periodic cleaning during operation.

In practice, I personally have not tried this way, but brought an article by my friend who does this for money.

I think it will be interesting for you, and I personally will try this method in the summer. Might be useful in the future. The principle is rather simple. I made an animated picture showing how this should happen. Now we look: first you need to buy 2 pumps, two barrels, hoses and pipes. Several 6-meter bars and of course pipe couplings. With a shovel, we dig a hole about 1 meter x 1 meter and a depth of 60 cm. The pipes should be about 2 meters long (it can be longer). Threads must be cut from both ends of the pipes. In the future, when the pipe enters the ground, a second pipe is screwed to it with the help of a sleeve, and so on until you go deep to the desired depth.

The first pipe has teeth on one side that can be made into a grinder, and the second side of the pipe has a thread. First, you wind the adapter on it with the end part under your hose. I was recommended to make pipes with a length of 4-6 meters. So there is less gimoroy with twisting of the adapter, and the weight of the structure becomes larger, which allows the pipe to crash into the ground more quickly. So in order. First, we make a tripod from a bar and put it over a dug hole. From above, we attach a roller to the tripod, through which we pass the rope. It is better to fix the tripod by connecting the bottom and in the middle of the three legs with each other with the same beam. A little further from the tripod we drive a wooden or metal pin into the ground. It is even better to make a drum like for raising water from a well. We attach one end of the rope to it. We tie the other to the pipe.

We insert a pipe with a connected fitting into the pit. Next, we move on to barrels. Next to the pit, one barrel is placed on the ground, the second on a platform made of improvised materials to the height of the upper level of the first barrel. At the bottom of the upper barrel, we drill a hole and insert a pipe with a crane there. We fill the upper barrel with dry grass, which serves as a kind of filter, we put a mesh obliquely on top. The mesh will clean large fractions of the soil that has fallen with water, then this soil will simply fall down. The grass filters the small parts of the soil and flows from the upper barrel to the lower one.

There is a pump in the lower barrel that takes water, pressurizes it into your pipe. The water comes out from the bottom of the pipe and washes out the soil. This cloudy suspension gets into your hole. The second soil pump pumps muddy water into the upper barrel. At the same time, a small part of the soil gets into the barrel with water. The main part of it begins to grow out of the hole before our eyes. After a while, you remove it with a shovel.

Thus, the pipe itself goes deep, the soil is thrown up like a geyser. You only need to tilt the soil and watch the level of the washed soil.

THE FOLLOWING METHOD IS PERSONALLY TESTED BY ME.

I don’t use a casing pipe, a drill, a headstock, a bailer, and other things for this ... A pipe for such a well is needed, in my opinion, 5-10 cm, and no more: it completely ensures an uninterrupted supply of water using a household high-performance pump. The method is as simple as two and two. At the same time, you do not pay drillers, and at the beginning of 2007 this costs about 30-45 thousand rubles. Digging a well also costs a lot. Without the cost of the rings, you will pay about a thousand American tugriks. And if you are not a rich person and the saved piece of bucks is a significant amount for you family budget, then this topic is definitely yours.

First you need to stock up on pipes. I recommend pipes with a diameter of about 5 cm. The length of the pipes should be about 1.5 - 2 meters. Just in case, take pieces 8. Cut the threads at the ends of the pipes and buy bushings so that you can connect the pipes with bushings. Buy also a steel bar. Its length should be 2-2.5 meters. The rod also has threaded ends and connecting sleeves of its own diameter. It will also be necessary to make a steel cone, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the pipe. We weld a piece of pipe with cut longitudinal slots to it. These slots must be subsequently wrapped with mesh. They are the filter. It is possible to weld strips of hard steel to the cone (for example, pieces of a sharpened flat file), but only so that upon impact, these strips create a small rotation in the direction of the twisting of the pipes. Next, we do the following:

The pipe is clogged (and thus a well is formed) with the help of your composite rod, consisting of two pieces of steel bar dia. 20-30 mm. and 2.5 m long, with threaded ends. This rod is lowered inside the pipe (filter) and abuts against a cone welded to the filter. Together with a partner, having installed the filter vertically along the plumb line, we take the barbell with our hands, lift it up and lower it sharply - in short, we beat. In this case, the impact of the rod falls on the cone. When the filter is deep, a tow impregnated with paint is wound around its threaded part, then a sleeve is screwed on, and the next piece of pipe 2 ... 2.5 m long is screwed into it. If the rod is short, build it up and beat again. Having scored to a depth of 3-6 meters, we check if there is water in the well. We take a bucket of water and pour it into the pipe (we do not pull out the bar). If the water is in the pipe; does not go away, so we have not reached the aquifer. We beat another meter, again we check by pouring water. Aquifers go in layers, therefore, in my opinion, it is more rational to drill a well into the second aquifer, or at least to the bottom of the first layer. And the layer is up to 10 meters thick.

It is not always justified to test the aquifer by pouring water into a pipe. In some cases, water goes into a layer of sand. After all, I can not check to which layer I have reached. If the water is slowly leaving, then we are theoretically at the beginning of the aquifer; we break through another 0.5-1 m, pour water. Now the water should quickly go into the pipe - we have reached the aquifer. We begin to pull out the bar, but it does not go, it is jammed. Do not be upset, take a hammer and hit the bar, but not from above, but from the side from the top. With these blows, you create vibration, and the soil that has entered the pipe through the filter mesh “liquefies”, the rod is released. Having pulled out the rod, we screw the fitting with the pump onto the well. Can be manual or electric. After pumping out two or three buckets of muddy water, clean water usually comes out.

It is advisable to pump out a couple of two hundred liter barrels. You will be convinced of the quantity of water and its quality. Then we pour clean water into the pan and boil, and then we taste it - what quality it is. If it is bad, then after boiling it becomes reddish or cloudy, and a precipitate will fall to the bottom. Then you have to deepen the well another meter. Do not confuse with sediment from limewater if it goes through the limestone rock.

It also happens: after a few years, the water in the well disappears (the electric pump does not "take" it, but the manual one pumps it very tightly). This is a sign of a clogged filter. Many wash wells with various solutions. I argue that this gives little effect in practice, such flushing only poisons the aquifer. It is easier and more reliable to pull the filter out of the ground, but this is not always possible. This happens quite rarely with a competent approach to business, and in this case you have to use a truck crane, a jack. In this case, you need to lower the rod into the well and hit the cone a dozen times, then apply the listed mechanisms. After 10-20 cm, the rise stops again; you need to strike again, and after 2 hours you will pull out the filter. As a rule, it turns out to be covered with a black oily coating. Draw water, pour the filter on top and rub it over the mesh with a metal brush. For better cleaning pour "silit", which will master everything from rust. Gradually, the plaque is washed off.

Check the pipes too: sometimes rust breaks small fistulas in them. Because of this, the integrity is violated and the well may not work (due to air leakage or soil getting into the fistulas). It is better, of course, to replace the pipes with new ones. And again you can hammer them in the same place where the well was before.

This method has been tested in practice. By this method hundreds of wells drilled. All work to this day. Some were hammered to a depth of more than 20 meters, into artesian layers of water.

It is possible to drill a well for water on your site, despite the seeming grandiosity of this process, on your own, i.e. manually. This will require a metal auger, the so-called coil, for the role of which a fishing ice ax is quite suitable. This method of drilling a well for water is the cheapest possible.

Required Tools and materials for drilling a well for water:

The main tool that will be used is an auger with extension knees, in the absence of a special one, you can safely use a fishing drill. For better process efficiency, it is recommended to weld reinforced cutters on the winding edges of the drill. For this purpose, you can use a pair of files, which can be sharpened with an ordinary grinder. And of course pipes for knees, the diameter of which is 25 mm.

You will also need a shovel, a trolley for the removal of the selected soil, a pump and a hose to “build up” the well, a barrel or a high table on which you will need to stand up and screen out the gravel.

Preparation of the pipe for lowering into the well

Before lowering the pipes into the well, they must be properly prepared. This important point, because the drilled section is very quickly tightened and the pipes must be lowered immediately after the drill is removed. Pipes can be purchased at specialized construction stores; thick-walled polyethylene pipes are best suited.

Pipe preparation consists in drilling perforating holes, approximately at a distance of 0.5-1.0 meters from the bottom end and for 1.5-2 meters. It is enough to make holes with a 6 mm drill, if you make them wider, then you will need a filter mesh.

Then guide bars are prepared, which are attached to the surface of the pipe. The bars are necessary to center the pipe in the well and ensure the same gap in order to evenly distribute the gravel filter screenings.

The technology of drilling a well manually using an auger

The place where the well will be equipped must first be leveled. To begin with, a guide recess for the drill is dug to a depth of 2 shovel bayonets. Having assembled the tool, you can proceed directly to the drilling process itself.

On the initial stage turning the drill is quite within the power of one person, but as it deepens, additional help will be needed. The deeper the drill goes, the harder it will be to rotate, so you can use water to soften the soil. Making two or three full turns, the drill is pulled out and freed from the soil, dropping it into the cart. Sludge is poured away from the place of work so that it does not create additional interference.

Thus, they drill until the tool handle drops to the ground. After that, the drill is increased with an additional knee.

After the handle has been lengthened, naturally the size of the tool no longer allows you to work with it while standing on the ground. Just for this case, a metal barrel or other pedestal is needed, standing on which it will be possible to rotate the drill by the handle. Or gas pipe wrenches are used for the handle.

Increasing the knees, drilling continues until it enters the aquifer. This moment will be very clearly visible in the state of the soil being removed. In this phase, it is possible to tighten the tool, so you should choose the cuttings in small portions, otherwise it will not be possible to pull out the drill manually. If, nevertheless, the drill is “sucked in”, so that you can’t pull it out with your hands, you will have to resort to the Archimedean lever, using two logs and a barrel for this, or buy a lever chain winch.

To prevent high water from entering the well, its depth must be greater than the first clay layer. Before lowering the pipe, it is necessary to raise and lower the drilling tool several times, like a piston. This will eliminate possible obstacles in the path of the pipe and greatly facilitate its descent. After the pipe is completely lowered, the gap should be filled with gravel screenings - this is usually a sand and gravel mixture sifted from sand. Without sand, as sand can penetrate into the well.

How to pump a well

In order to quickly pump the well, it is better to use a powerful centrifugal pump. Such a pump is able to cope with a very dense medium. Although you can get by with an ordinary household pump. In order for the vibration pump to work more efficiently, it is necessary to periodically raise it and shake the water with the collected knees in order to lift heavy particles from the bottom, and then continue pumping water with a pump with a lower water intake, otherwise the pump with an upper water intake will contribute to siltation of the well.

When rocking the well, the gravel filter screening will shrink, so it should be added periodically.

The process of rocking the well is quite time consuming, so you should take care of the drainage channels or try to reach the drainage ditch with a hose.

After the well is fully pumped, it should be equipped with a pump for daily operation.

Advantages and disadvantages manual drilling wells for water

The advantage of manual drilling of wells, in addition to the low cost already mentioned above, is the fact that there is no need to drive to the site of bulky special equipment, therefore, your green spaces or landscape design won't get hurt.

Having a relatively shallow depth, such wells are pumped much faster and are less prone to dragging.

In the event of a power outage, water can be obtained using a manual suction pump.

The main disadvantage of manual drilling is the limited depth. The disadvantages include criticality to soil density and a lack of specialists ready to take on repairs if necessary, although it is less likely to occur than in deep machine wells.

Video how to drill a well manually with your own hands:

Water is the most important resource not only in the apartment, but also in the summer cottage. Without it, living outside the city becomes uncomfortable. You will have to bring bottles of store-bought water with you. Therefore, many people, having bought a bare plot, first of all think about water supply. The first thought that arises is the organization of a water supply system.

Benefits of having a well on site

If land plot is located at a great distance from the central highway, then the water supply network will cost a pretty penny.

Much less costly is the creation of an individual source of water on the site. To do this, you need to drill a well. In this case, the person will be able to use water without restrictions. It will be available at any time, and thanks to the pump it will be quite easy to use.

The advantage of having such a source on the site is the fact that water enters country house in any quantity and at the same time don't have to pay for every cubic meter.

When creating a source of water supply at your dacha, one of options- well device. However, in this case, quite serious costs arise, so it is easier to drill a well.

This task will be easier if the owner of the land allotment has an understanding of the drilling technology and knows about the type of well that he needs.

Types of wells

Before you start drilling wells, you need to carefully study the territory of your site and determine at what depth ground water. This parameter is very important, because it has a serious impact on the amount of work performed.

The choice of well type is based on reservoir depth.

• If water is available at the site already at a depth of 3–12 meters, then in this case the Abyssinian well is preferred.
• If the aquifer is located at a depth of 50 m, then in this case a sand well is arranged.
• An artesian well is used if the reservoir containing water is at a depth below 200 m.

Each owner of a summer cottage can create wells of the first and second types. But drilling the third is not so easy. To create it, it is necessary to involve professional drillers who use special equipment to create a source of water supply.

sand well

Wells of this type assume that when they are used, water will be pumped out by a pump from a depth of 50 meters. Sandy, it is called so because it gives water from the sandy layer of soil, the usual depth of its occurrence is 50 m. Such a depth is not a guarantee of the purity of the water.

Therefore, having drilled such a well and using water from it, it is necessary to periodically check it in the sanitary and epidemiological station for the presence of organic substances and chemical compounds.

When performing work on the creation of a sandy well, they resort to the classical scheme, which involves the use of a pump. In order to ensure the purification of water from suspensions, filters installed at a depth are used. Don't forget to clean them regularly. The typical life of a sand well is about 15 years.

Well - Abyssinian well

In terms of creation, this is the simplest well-needle. One of its characteristic features is its shallow depth.

Therefore, when creating such a source of water, it is necessary to pay special attention to the choice of a place for drilling it.

In close proximity to the place where it will be located abyssinian well, must not be:

• septic tanks;
• cesspools.

Due to the fact that such wells have a small depth, harmful substances can seep into the water from these sources.

If on the territory of your site there is pebbles and other hard rocks in the soil, then in this case you can create such a source of water in the immediate vicinity of the house or in the basement.

The main advantage of a well located in the basement is that it comfortable to use in cold weather. It is equipped with a column and a pump, which makes it possible to use water even in the absence of electricity in the house.

Artesian well

If water wells are drilled in other areas, then there is a high probability that water lies in the limestone formation. In all other cases, drillers are first ordered to create an experimental well. It is necessary to determine the depth of water.

The main advantage An artesian well is that it can provide water to several sites at once. Therefore, it is not uncommon for the creation of such a source of water to be ordered in a clubbing. This allows you to get a source of quality water for several consumers at once for little money.

When choosing the type of water source, it is necessary to build on the type of soil on the site, and also take into account the amount of water consumed.

1. A small water flow will provide an Abyssinian well. Also, with a small consumption, you can arrange a sand well.
2. If the water flow exceeds 10 cubic meters per hour, then in this case the most reasonable solution would be to install an artesian well.

Regardless of the type of well, it is best to drill it at a considerable distance from potential contaminants. It must be located in the immediate vicinity of the house to reduce the cost of laying plumbing in the house.

Drilling equipment and tools

When the task is to drill an artesian well, experts use drilling rigs.

For shallower wells, a conventional tripod with a winch can be used. Through it, the drilling tool will be lowered and raised: column pipe; drill rods; drilling heads; Boer.

Drilling tool - necessary equipment, without which drilling is simply impossible. It includes tripod and winch. When the owner of a summer cottage creates a well with his own hands, you will also need to use a metal screw. In his capacity ice can be used used by fishermen.

The main requirement is that the drill must be made of high strength steel. This option of creating a water source is the cheapest.

Stages of work on creating a well with your own hands

First you need to dig a hole. Its dimensions should be 150 by 150 cm. To prevent the recess from falling off, they line its walls with plywood, boards, or use pieces of chipboard. There is another option. It is necessary to drill a trunk with a diameter of 15x20 cm and a depth of 1 meter, using a conventional drill for this. This is done in order to ensure the stability of the pipe in a vertical position.

The next action on the recess set up a metal tripod, which is often referred to as a tower. It must be in a straight position. At the junction of the tripod, a winch is fixed. On the tripod there is a drilling column with one and a half meter rods.

The latter are fastened into one pipe by means of a thread, and then they are fixed with a clamp. This design is used for lowering and lifting equipment when drilling a well.

With a pump that will pump water to the surface, need to decide in advance. Choice pumping equipment allows you to solve the problem with the diameter of the future well and core pipe. Pumping equipment must pass freely into the pipe. Therefore, between the diameter of the pumping equipment and inside diameter pipe difference should be at least 5 mm.

Drilling principle

Descent and subsequent ascent equipment - this is the process of drilling a well. The bar is rotated and at the same time it is hit from above. Working together makes this job much easier. One person twists the gas wrench, the second strikes the bar from above, breaking through the rock.

Using a winch makes it possible to significantly simplify drilling process. Using it, lowering and raising the drilling equipment is noticeably easier. When drilling, the rod should be marked. The marks are needed for orientation. The marking clearly shows when it is time to pull the rod and clean the drill. Experts recommend performing this procedure every half a meter.

Not everyone knows how wells are drilled on water. To facilitate the task of overcoming various layers of soil, it is recommended to use various types of drills:

1. Spiral drill - it is designed for clay soils.
2. Drill bit - with its help, loosening of hard rocks is performed.
3. Drill-spoon - it is used for sandy soil.
4. Bailer - it helps to raise the soil to the surface.

Sandy soil is easiest to overcome if drilling use a drill spoon. During drilling, water should be added to facilitate this task. If the soil is hard, then in this case it is best to use a drill-chisel. There are several types of such drills:

• cross;
• flat.

Regardless of the type used, its main purpose is to provide assistance in loosening hard rock. Sands-quicksands are overcome using the shock method.

If the site is dominated by clay soil, then in this case, when drilling, it is necessary to use coil, bailer and drill-spoon. For clay soils good tools for drilling are coils and spiral drills. They have a design that looks like a spiral.

At the base of the drill, the size varies from 45 to 85 mm. The blade can have dimensions from 250 to 290 mm. To break through pebble layers containing gravel, a bailer and a chisel with casing pipes are used alternately.

In some cases it is necessary to drill with mandatory filling of water into the hole. This procedure will help to make the task of drilling a well easier. Sometimes, to create wells on the site, the option of drilling it with a pump is used.

If the rock delivered to the surface of the earth has become wet, then this indicates the proximity of the aquifer. It remains to delve quite a short distance to go into the aquifer. In this case, drilling will be easy, but you cannot stop until a water-resistant layer is found.

Do-it-yourself well construction

When the desired depth is reached, we are engaged in arranging a water source. A filter column is launched into the hole, which consists of the following elements:

• pipe;
• sump;
• filter.

In order to strengthen the pipe, the space is sprinkled with crushed stone of 5 mm fraction. In parallel with backfilling, pumping water into a pipe with sealed top. This allows the annulus and the filter to be flushed. Then gelling is carried out. When performing this work, a nozzle, a bailer and a centrifugal pump are used.

The main advantage of such equipment is its ability to pump high-density liquid media. When the pumping is completed, on the cable to the depth lower the pump. Then a water pipe is connected to it.

Well operation

When using a well, it is necessary to regularly clean it up. If jerks occur at the output or are formed air locks, it indicates that cleaning is required. If you miss this moment, then the productivity of the well will noticeably decrease.

To restore its normal functioning purge using an air compressor.

Well at the dacha - necessary thing. It provides the owner with water that can be used for drinking, cooking and household needs. When it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply, building an individual well with your own hands is the simplest and most inexpensive solution.

You can drill a well in the area with the help of specialists. However, if you want to save money, you can do this work on your own. The device of a sand well or an Abyssinian well does not require much effort.

Knowing the technology of work, it is possible to make a well that will satisfy the needs of the owner of a summer cottage for water.

Everyone knows about the advantages of autonomous water supply in private homes, however, many refuse such options due to their high cost. A do-it-yourself well under water can be performed using several technologies, but before starting the work process, we suggest understanding the types of sources and determining which of them will ideally fit into your conditions and depend on financial and other possibilities.

All sources for autonomous water supply are considered economical, since they do not require waste during use, however, if you do not do the installation yourself, you will have to pay a lot of money for creating sources of skilled labor.

Drilling wells under water with your own hands is not an easy process, so first consider existing types borehole structures.

1. An artesian well is an ideal solution for a stable and harmless water supply at home. The depth of such an installation can reach up to 200 meters, depending on its purpose. For the use of water in the economy, 50 meters is enough. The advantages of such a source are the absence of the need to additionally purify the water, and there is no a large number gland.
2. Abyssinian well-needle - used in difficult soil conditions or when there is no need, it is ideal clean water. If this option is used as the main source of water supply to the house, additional filtration is required.
3. Sand well. Its depth reaches 30 meters, drilling is carried out by auger. Typically, such water supply is carried out for summer cottages, but even for such cases, it is recommended to install a filter at a depth where coarse sand is found. This will save the well from breakage.

Important! Before making a well, it is necessary to decide which drilling rig will perform this process. Typically, rotary, screw and shock-rope equipment are used.

How to drill a well with your own hands: stages of work

Work on the manufacture of wells for domestic water supply is divided into several main stages:

Attention! A filter pipe must be placed at the bottom of the well, it must be equipped with a metal mesh to trap foreign particles.

• To swing the source, it is required to install a centrifugal-type pump, after placing its pipe to the entire depth of the well. It is advisable to build a stand for the pump, and connect an outlet pipe on its back, which will power the entire house;
• then we are engaged in the preparation of trenches for pipelines, when everything is done, we lay them at the same level so as not to create a pressure failure. At the end, we start pipes into the house, and from there we make branching structures into the necessary rooms. At this stage, the installation of a well and conducting water supply to the house with one's own hands is considered completed.

Please note that only with proper arrangement, taking into account all the characteristics, an autonomous source will provide good clean water for use.

Types of well drilling for water

Of all the options used for drilling wells in the private sector, there are combined drilling, reference drilling, hydraulic drilling, core drilling, shot and rotary. Each of the proposed types has its own characteristics and is used for specific conditions.

Combined drilling

In this method, it is intended to use various suitable techniques alternately or in combination. This method is recognized as more rational as it is suitable for various geological conditions. Often combined drilling is used in places where the earth is rich in minerals and minerals.

Key drilling

Often this type of drilling is used to study the geological structure of the layers of the earth. Thanks to the creation of wells using support technology, it is possible to achieve a good result and durability of the water source, in difficult soil conditions.

This technique is the drilling of a source using the maximum pressure of a special fluid. Most often, this method is used by professional drillers. However, it is not always possible to guess whether this method is suitable for specific conditions. To avoid complications, it is important to prepare more liquid in advance, as some soil layers absorb water too quickly.

Core drilling type

It is a rotation technique. When creating a well by rotation, soil rocks do not lose their structure and do not crumble during the operation of the source. A well of this type is being constructed by special drilling rigs at the same time. Such wells are often used for mining.

shot drilling

It is rotary drilling using shot. Typically, such a device is used in conditions of difficult soil permeability. To clean the well from foreign material, a special cleaning fluid is used.

rotary method

The drilling option is designed for industrial wells. For home use, they are used quite rarely in cases where the use of other types is unacceptable.

Choosing a season for installing a well for water

Much depends on the choice of the season when it is better to install the well, and first of all, the cost of the procedure, of course, if you do not practice self-arrangement of an autonomous source of water supply. For each individual time of the year, there are advantages of installing a well:

Attention! At each time, you can choose the appropriate period for the installation of a water supply source, depending on weather conditions.

How to clean a well without involving a pro?

Sooner or later, even a well-manufactured well requires cleaning, as pipelines often become silted up and corrode. To date, there are three techniques that are used to clean up the source without the help of specialists or the person working on this project. For home wells, compression, pumping and dry cleaning are used.

The first cleaning option is carried out at the initial stage, immediately after the depth of the well is finally prepared for further installation. This will require a special pipe of a smaller diameter than the pipe in the well. It is lowered into the well, a vacuum tip is put on top, to which the compressor hose is connected. The design is securely fixed, and only then the compression pump is connected to the network. All dirty water should exit the well along the gap between the two pipes. If this approach did not give results, we resort to the following method.

The pumping method is considered very accurate. For this purpose, submersible pumps of sufficient power are used. Ideally, if such a device is designed to pump out contaminated water and at the same time suck in sand and foreign particles up to 5 mm in diameter.

Important! Using the pumping option for cleaning wells, you will achieve maximum cleaning of the well, while removing silt, dirt and crumbling soil particles.

The chemical method is the purification of sources by treating water with battery fluid. To do this, it is enough to pour it directly into the wellhead. However, it is worth noting that it will be impossible to use water from the source for domestic purposes for a sufficiently long period, and before using it, it is imperative to conduct an examination and prove the safe composition of the water.

Common mistakes and tips for correcting them when installing a water well

Unfortunately, all professionals sometimes make mistakes, and when drilling wells, they can lead to consequences, including a source failure.

Try not to trust the construction of an autonomous water supply to beginners, and when installing it yourself, familiarize yourself with all the nuances in detail.