History of Sherhebel. Hand planer starter kit - how to choose

16.06.2019

It is difficult to imagine carpentry work without the use of special tools; this purpose is served by a planer, sherhebel, jointer and other specialized devices. Each of them performs its own tasks. It is impossible to manage carpentry work only with a planer.

All types of planers for rough and fine woodworking

Different types of planers are used for various types of wood processing. Most often used for carpentry:

Pioneer for wood billet

Scherhebel is a real "heavy artillery" among carpentry tools. It is used for planing wood that has not previously undergone any processing. When planing with a sherhebel, only the necessary shape and dimensions of the workpiece are achieved, but to achieve a smooth, flat surface will not work. For this purpose, other types of planers are used.

With the help of a sherhebel, only rough processing of the wood surface is performed. Unlike a planer, it allows you to plan to a greater depth, easily cutting off even significant irregularities. The design of the tool, outwardly resembling a conventional planer, has its own features that make it easier to perform rough processing. wooden surface. Unlike other tools, the sherhebel iron has a rounded blade and is set at an angle of 45 ° to the sole. The sharpening angle may vary depending on the hardness of the wood being processed.

For planing soft rocks, a sharpening angle of 25-30 ° is sufficient; for processing hard rocks, the blade is sharpened at an angle of 35 °.

In the standard design of the sherhebel, the blade (iron) has a width of 35 mm. Sizes may vary on some models. The width of the pad is larger than the blade size by about 15 mm. The chip hole in the sherhebel is larger than in the planer, about 3-5 mm. As noted above, rough woodworking does not allow for smooth, smooth surface. The blade will leave groove-like marks on the wood. To eliminate them, a planer is used, finishing.

How is a wooden and metal sherhebel arranged?

The sherhebel block can be made of wood or metal. Depending on the material of manufacture of the pad, the design of the tool will vary slightly. Wooden sherhebels are produced in accordance with GOST 14666-79. In accordance with the standard, their design includes a rectangular body, horns for resting hands during work, a knife, a clamping wedge for the blade, a sole, a cork. The design of some models may additionally include a stop for the blade. Surface wooden elements in the design of the sherhebel, it is varnished, which provides wear resistance and an increase in the service life of the tool.

In accordance with GOST, the following materials are used for the manufacture of sherhebels:

block - made of hardwood;
sole (according to GOST 2695-83) made of hornbeam, maple, ash, beech, white acacia;
pad pad - from the above wood species, as well as birch, elm;
knives are made of double-layer steel. The main layer according to GOST 1050-88 from steel grade 30, or according to GOST 1435-99 from steel grades U8, U8A, U9. For the cladding layer, steel grades 9KhF, 9Kh5VF, Kh6VF, 9KhS are used (in accordance with GOST 5950-2000). It is also acceptable to use other steels that correspond in terms of resistance to the grades listed above.

In the metal version, the body is cast. The handle-horn is tightly fixed in it. To support the carpenter's hands during work, a large handle is installed. The knife is fixed with a screw connection between the clamp and the base of the body. Unlike wooden models, metal ones are more durable. However, craftsmen prefer to use wood carpentry tools as they provide the best quality processing.

How to use the tool correctly?

The use of sherhebel is rough planing of wood. During this operation, chips are removed from the workpiece by means of reciprocating movements of the plow. A tool in a metal case processes hardwood or chipboard blanks. Experts advise performing the main work on wood processing with tools in wooden case, as they provide better sliding on the surface of the workpiece.

The design of the sherhebel is distinguished by the presence of a rounded blade, which allows you to remove significant unevenness from the surface of the workpiece. ty. In this way, wood is prepared for further processing and fine leveling. Unlike carpentry planers, sherhebels are large. They are massive and heavy.

To ensure high-quality processing of the workpiece, it must be carefully fixed. The best way to do this is with carpentry workbench. In the absence of such an opportunity, you can use a regular table to which the workpiece is attached with clamps. The place of processing should be located as close as possible to the vise. During operation, smooth, even, reciprocating movements are performed. The force is applied while the tool is moving forward. The return movement allows you to return the tool to its original position, so it is always performed passively, without effort.

If the blade of the planer is dull ...

Not only the workpiece should be prepared for work, but also the tools and fixtures used. The knife must be sharpened at the required angle (depending on the hardness of the wood being processed). The position of the knife in the body carpentry tools must be carefully adjusted. The sharpening of the cutting blade is carried out on a bar fixed on a workbench or table. It is necessary to draw along the bar with the lower edge of the knife (bevel). The pressure is applied when moving away from you, while the chamfer should be completely adjacent to the stone.

It is almost impossible to imagine joinery or carpentry work without using a whole arsenal special devices like a planer or a jointer, or a sherhebel. Each of these instruments, which are similar in principle, has an individuality, a unique disposition. Today, when mass production occupies a leading position and all processes are automated, including in the woodworking industry, hand tool more and more history. It is unlikely that anyone is now making stools in their garage, but it's time to remember the school lessons of labor training and pay tribute to the archaic traditional planes.
The main components of any planer are: a piece of iron (knife), block, wedge. Further, planers can be divided into different groups depending on the dimensions, purpose and additional equipment.

Planer types

From the great variety of existing variations of planers, we can distinguish:

manual or mechanical . Can be either completely made of PVC, metal or wood, or a combination of these materials; depends on this aspect technical properties building tool. In terms of functionality, the planers do not have significant differences.

Electrical . Equipping with an electric motor expands the functionality and increases the efficiency and productivity of the planer, allowing you to achieve more results with less labor.

wooden planers are the most popular at home.

Pioneers of woodworking

Sherhebel

The most iconic examples of hand carpentry tools should be called:

Sherhebel - widely used for initial work with wood that has not yet been pre-treated. It was the sherhebel from the entire line of similar tools that appeared first. This is a heavy and powerful device in a steel case. Intended for primary processing, giving the workpiece the planned size and shape and deep planing with the removal of a large layer of wood.

Scherhebel does not achieve a flat, smooth surface, it is intended for a rough, surface finish! The design of a sherhebel is similar in appearance to an ordinary planer, but its piece of iron with a rounded blade is set at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the sole. In one pass, the sherhebel removes chips up to three millimeters thick, leaving deep grooves that require additional alignment in the future.

The sherhebel is equipped with an oval cutting edge, thanks to which it is possible to plan the wood across the grain without first breaking it along. The sharpening angle of the sherhebel depends on the density of the wood being processed.

Differences between a sherhebel and a planer

In essence, a sherhebel is the same planer that performs rough processing. The difference is the semicircular sharpening of the blade and its width (it is smaller). The blade protrudes from the block by two to three millimeters.

Jointer

Jointer . This is a hand planer equipped with double cutter. Designed for precise finishing, leveling large areas under the ruler due to the elongated block and for jointing (fitting) edges. The jointer block can be two or three times longer than the block of a typical planer. The jointer knife is equipped with a chipbreaker or humpback, as well as a handle for ease of use with the device. Can be issued with a single knife.

Difference

The main difference is in the number of blades: a jointer has two blades, a planer has one! Structurally, the jointer differs only considerable body length. It is thanks to the elongated block that the jointer is effective in processing large areas.

Classification

In accordance with the current classification, according to their purpose, the types of planers are conventionally divided into two groups:

Flat planing;
Figure planing.

Flat planers, types

Semi-jointed . This is a shortened version of the jointer, designed for planing large elements. The length of the sole of a semi-joiner is 60 cm, the width of the cutter, like that of a jointer, can reach 8 cm. It is used, like a jointer, to fit various parts.
Medvedka larger in width and length and has paired transverse handles on the sides. Usually two people work at the same time as a bear. Zhelezkov Medvedka pinned special wedge and removes a layer of 1 mm. A bear is used for planing elements such as a board for exterior cladding, for floors or ceilings.

sander used for finishing surfaces and leveling defects arising at the previous stages of processing. With the help of a sander, ends, areas with knots and irregular or complex wood structure are planed. In this type of tool, a double knife with a linear blade and a chipbreaker is installed, the cutting angle of the knife is 60 degrees.

Tsinubel It is used for processing curly woods and for applying small grooves on the surface in order to improve the adhesion of elements in the subsequent adhesive joint. Tsinubel knives have ribbing, which forms teeth during sharpening. Placing the knife at an angle of 80 degrees relative to the block allows you to process even serrated wood without scuffing. On average, the length of the sole of the tsinubel is 20 cm, the width and height are 6.5 cm. The knives are single with a serrated blade.

Face planer used for finishing ends and planing small surfaces with a tangled fiber structure.
Planer single applied for reprocessing. When planing, chips are formed without a break; the surface is characterized by small scuffs or chips.
double planer has a chipbreaker, in addition to the knife, which improves the quality of processing.

Figured planing, types

Zenzubel (selector) equipped double knife, thereby improving the quality of the processing of the product. It is used for planing perpendicular planes and cleaning quarters. The width of the blade-shaped knife does not exceed 33 mm. The tool is akin to a falsebel.

Federgubel is distinguished by a special shape of the blade, which forms a rectangular longitudinal protrusion along the edge of the wooden workpiece.

Falzgebel , like the zenzubel, is used for profile planing. It is equipped with a single knife, having a straight or oblique configuration, and is used for stripping quarters (folds). It has a stepped sole, sometimes removable, which allows you to select folds of the required size and profile for each individual case.
Headquarters and headquarters - thanks to the knives having a concave shape, they give the workpieces a rounded shape. The headstock is used for processing convex surfaces.

tongue and groove ( paznik ) used for sampling tongues (grooves) along the edges of a wood blank. It consists of a pair of pads connected by special metal screws. The first block is a guide; the second, holding the knives - fixing.

The groove is also often equipped with a special rib or adjustable ruler for pro-stretching the groove strictly at a predetermined distance from the cut.

Mold It is mainly used for curly processing and giving specific shapes, such as: cornices, baguettes, doorways. It has a stepped sole and curly cutters that allow you to perform the required profiles.

Gruntubel is a block, on the side of which a pointed hook in the form of a cutter is installed. This cutter is fixed in the block with a screw or wedge. Designed for sampling grooves of a trapezoidal profile, located across the fibers of the tree.

Gorbach (American) used for processing convex and concave planes with internal or external diameters. It has a curvilinear shape.

While creating wooden products many different types of operations are required, therefore, in joinery and carpentry, only one type of planer is often indispensable! Some types of planers are better to use exclusively in pairs- federgubel, bear or tongue and groove. Other modifications require consistent use: the sherhebel is used for preliminary roughing of raw materials and jointers for the final finishing of planes. The main intended purpose of planers as a tool is the processing of plane-linear surfaces and the creation of the necessary reliefs.

The most famous carpenter, Papa Carlo, used to say that working with wood does not tolerate fuss and haste. It is for the soul and should bring peace.

A properly selected hand planer helps in this - a carpentry tool that is used for planing wood. Its intended purpose is to give the surfaces of wooden elements the desired shape, eliminate roughness, chamfer and adjust parts to size.

The history of the hand planer goes back to ancient times, and its primitive variations were discovered during the excavations of the city of Pompeii.

Planer device

During the evolution of the planer, quite a few of its varieties have appeared, with which you can not only process wood planes, but also use them for figured cutting. To enjoy manual labor, you need to be able to choose the right planer, and then real works of art will be obtained from an ordinary piece of wood.

Modern planers can be divided into wooden and metal models. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, but in terms of design, the tools are similar, like twin brothers.

The standard planer consists of the following parts:

sole, she is the body;
cutter;
wedge;
slot for chip exit;
cutter clamp;
cutting depth control;
horn - front handle;
stop - rear handle.

The key element of the design is the cutter - this is a cutting tool made in the form of a pointed plate.

The blade is positioned at a predetermined angle to the surface to be treated. Thanks to the regulator, the knife extends to a certain distance, which allows you to fine-tune the depth of cut, the thickness of the chip removal. In factory models, the blade sharpening angle is standard, but professional carpenters change it depending on the type of wood being processed.

The handles also play a role. The front, which is called the horn, performs a guiding function, usually has a curved shape that provides a better grip on the hand. The back is an emphasis, thanks to which the force necessary for work is created.

With the sole, which happens to be wooden and metal, everything is not so simple. Main criterion, presented to this structural element, is a perfectly flat surface.

If this requirement is not met, it will be difficult to use a hand planer, and you can simply forget about planing accuracy. Taking into account these nuances, the metal sole looks preferable: it is made according to a template, so a priori it has correct geometry. However, the mistakes made by the manufacturer during casting reduce these advantages to zero. Moreover, the metal is subject to corrosive changes.

The wooden sole is lighter, and in case of deformation, it can be straightened on its own, breathing a second life into the planer. However, wood is not durable material, it is subject to mechanical wear, loses its original properties with prolonged exposure to moisture or high temperatures.

In spite of standard design, there are more than 10 varieties of planers, and each tool performs a specific function in the processing of parts. Let's take a closer look at these products.

What are planers

Despite the variety of models, woodworking tools are conventionally divided into 3 main categories:

general purpose;
for finishing;
for curly cutting.

Let's consider the representatives of each group in more detail.

General purpose planers

The first tool that a carpenter picks up when starting to process a wooden workpiece is called a sherhebel.

This is a massive planer in a metal case, designed for rough planing of surfaces that have not previously been processed. The main task of the sherhebel is to give the workpiece the desired shape. A feature of this planer is deep planing (up to 3 mm), so it will not be possible to achieve a perfectly flat surface.

The knife of this plane has a rounded shape and is usually set at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the sole. The design of the blade allows you to remove chips in a thick layer, working not only along, but also across the wood fibers.

When the workpiece has been processed to the required dimensions, the carpenter needs to remove the deep notches left on the surface by the sherhebel. For these purposes, you can use any of the three planes:

Medvedka is a long tool designed for pair work. It is ideal for leveling massive surfaces or making large volume works;
jointer - a tool with a double cutter, used for finishing the alignment of wooden surfaces. The length of the manual jointer is about 2 times greater than the sherhebel, which makes it possible to remove chips from a large area in one pass;
semi-joiner - a shortened analogue of the previous version. A double knife is also used here, a planer is used to finely level the workpiece.

After processing with these types of planers, the workpiece becomes smooth and even, but far from ideal. Therefore, professionals move on to the next stage of work, picking up another tool.

Planers for finishing

Depending on the type of product, 2 planes can be used for fine planing.

The grinder performs the finishing cleaning of the part, eliminating the defects left over from the previous planing. The cutting tool is a double knife with a straight blade, sharpened at 60 degrees and supplemented with a chipbreaker. Thanks to this structure, it is convenient to grind the surfaces around the knots and the end parts of the parts with a grinder.

Tsinubel is a rather interesting tool that is used to process wooden elements, which are subsequently glued together.

Note! A feature of the tsinubel is a serrated blade that leaves neat grooves on the surface.

As a result, a rough surface is formed, which provides better adhesion of materials. The tsinubel knife is located at an angle of 80 degrees, so the surface becomes rough, but scuffs and burrs do not appear on it.

In addition, face, single and double planers can be used for secondary processing of parts. The first is ideal for processing end elements and wood with a complex structure. Single and double hand planers will help eliminate the notches left by the sherhebel and level the surface, but after them, in any case, you will have to process the workpiece with a grinder.

Curly cutting

This is a whole series of woodworking tools that make life easier for a craftsman who specializes in the manufacture of wooden parts of complex geometric shapes.

For curly cut the following hand planes are used:

zenzubel - designed for planing perpendicular surfaces and quarters, equipped with a double blade made in the form of a spatula;
federgubel - has a peculiar blade shape that allows you to create protrusions on the end edges of the product;
falsebel - used for cleaning quarters, has a ribbed sole, is equipped with straight and oblique knives;
headquarters - a planer with a rounded blade for processing concave parts;
tongue and groove - a structure of two blocks connected by clamping screws, designed to form longitudinal grooves on the edge of the product;
kalyovka - an indispensable tool for curly cutting, used for the manufacture of cornices, baguettes, boxes for doorways;
gruntubel - made in the form of a block with a lateral installation of the cutter, designed to form grooves along the wood fibers;
hunchback - has a curved block, which allows you to process the surfaces of the inner and outside diameter products.

Professional carpenters rarely use only one type of planer in their work. To make original products from a piece of wood, you will need to stock up on a full set of tools.

electric planer

This is a separate type of carpentry tool that combines all the varieties of hand planers listed above. can perform straight, shaped planing, ideal for large-scale work.

However, the very use of power tools does not bring internal satisfaction, and their price is sometimes too high. Therefore, if we are talking about the construction of a summer house or the processing of wood put on stream, an electric planer is indispensable, but it is unlikely that it will be possible to make an original little thing for yourself or your loved ones. Warmth to wood products is given only by manual processing.

How to choose the right planer

Deciding which planer is better to choose is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. Hand planer tools are quite simple designs where all the main elements are in plain sight.

To choose a high-quality and durable planer, professionals recommend paying attention to 3 points:

Sole. Should not have visible damage and chips, should be smooth without breaking the geometry. The only exception is planers for curly cutting, where the stepped sole was originally provided for by the design;
Knife . It is better to give preference to tool steel, which holds the sharpening angle well, is not subject to mechanical damage and wear. For factory planers, the blade must be firmly fixed to the body without play.
Handles. Here you need to focus only on individual feelings. The tool should lie comfortably in the hand, otherwise it will be problematic to work with it.

If we talk about manufacturers, then when choosing a manual planer, you can pay attention to the products of Stanley and Sigma. Among power tools, BOSCH and Makita electric planers are well-deservedly popular.

How to DIY

It is not difficult to assemble a homemade planer for wood, so many craftsmen prefer not to mess with factory models, initially making a tool for themselves.

A planer knife and a chipbreaker are best purchased at a hardware store. To ensure a high quality cut, you need tool steel, which is difficult to find in a household or garage. In the design of a planer, a knife is considered a consumable item, so its cost is available to everyone.

Then the cheeks are glued to the base elements. When the glue dries, the sole is glued to the bottom of the finished structure. A metal rod is inserted into the opening of the cheeks, which will perform a supporting function when the blade is clamped with a wedge.

A simple do-it-yourself planer is ready. It remains only to grind the surface, set the knife at the required angle and you can get to work.

Even now it is difficult to imagine the performance of any private carpentry work without the use of specialized tools, such as planer,jointer,sherhebel and other special devices. Each of these types of instrument has its own unique character. Yes, now this tool is becoming a thing of the past, it is being replaced by mass production, where everyone is in charge automated lines, some of you are lying about making stools in your garage, but it's time to remember the lessons of labor, and pay tribute to the good old planes!

The main parts of the planer are: piece of iron (knife), block and wedge. Depending on the size, purpose and equipment with additional devices, planers can be divided into many subspecies and types.

Among the existing modifications are:

manual (mechanical)- are made from plastic, metal, wood or their combinations - they differ little in their functionality, but specifications directly depend on the material of manufacture of the body of the construction tool;
electrical– thanks to the additional equipment of an electric motor, they allow you to perform large amounts of work at high processing speed.

The greatest popularity in the processing of wood in the home has received wooden planers.

Pioneers in woodworking

The most prominent representatives of hand carpentry tools are:

Sherhebel- a real "heavy artillery" among the whole variety of carpentry tools. It is widely used when planing wood that has not previously been processed. This is a fairly massive and heavy device with a metal case. The main purpose is rough primary processing to obtain products required size(shapes) and planing to a greater depth to remove a thick layer of wood. To achieve a flat and smooth surface with the help of a sherhebel will not work. For these purposes, other types of planers are often used. The design of the instrument resembles appearance an ordinary planer, but the sherhebel iron is set at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the sole and has a rounded blade. At one time the tool removes a layer up to 3 mm. At the same time, deep hollows remain in the places where the sherhebel is processed, which require further alignment. Thanks to the equipment of the sherhebel with an oval cutting edge, it is possible to plan the wood across its fibers without a preliminary longitudinal break. Depending on the hardness of the wood being processed, the sharpening angle of the sherhebel may vary;

What is the difference between a sherhebel and a planer?

In fact, a sherhebel is the same planer, only intended for rough processing of wood. The sherhebel differs from the planer in the semicircular sharpening of the blade, as well as its width - the sherhebel has a smaller blade than the planer. At the same time, it protrudes from the block by 2-3 mm.

Jointer- hand planer with double cutter. The purpose of the device is the final and precise processing of wood when leveling a plane of a significant volume due to a longer block, as well as for edge jointing. On average, the length of the block can exceed the size of a standard planer by 2-3 times. The jointer knife is equipped with a chip breaker and a handle to facilitate the work with the device. The jointer can be produced both with a single and a double knife.

What is the difference between a jointer and a planer?

The main difference between a jointer and a planer is the number of blades: a planer has one, and a jointer has two. The very structure of the jointer construction is not much different from the planer, but its body is much longer. Thanks to this, with the help of a planer, you can process a much larger area in less time than with a planer.

According to the existing classification, carpentry tools for woodworking are conventionally divided into:

plane planers;
shaped planers

The main types of flat planers

Semi-jointed- a shortened version of the jointer, since it is significantly inferior to its size. The block or sole of the semi-joiner reaches 60 cm, and the width of the cutter is up to 8 cm, like the jointer. Its purpose is planing large parts made of wood.

Medvedka- unlike conventional types of planers, it has paired side transverse handles, a large width and length. The piece of iron in such a tool is held by a special wedge. As a rule, two people work with a bear, while holding the handles together. Such a bear is used when planing large areas of wood, for example, boards for exterior cladding of houses, ceilings or floors. Medvedka removes a 1mm layer of wood.

sander– designed for the final cleaning of wooden surfaces and the correction of defects that have arisen after the previous planing. With the help of a grinder, places are cleaned around knots, ends, irregular structure of wood, etc. The knife in such a planer is installed double with a chipbreaker and a straight blade with a knife additive angle of 60 degrees.

Tsinubel- used to give the processed wooden surfaces a slight roughness, as well as for planing curly wood. This allows, when arranging the adhesive connection of parts, to improve the level of their adhesion. On the knives of the cynubel, grooves are placed, which, when sharpened, form cloves. Thanks to the placement of the knife in the block at an angle of 80 degrees, even twisted wood can be processed without scuffing. In the tsinubel, single knives with a straight serrated blade are installed. The average length of the block is 20 cm, width - 6.5 cm and height - 6.5 cm.

Face planer- used for planing small surfaces of wood with a confused structure, as well as for processing ends.
Planer single- used for secondary planing of wood. During operation, the chips are formed without a break, and small chips or scuffs may remain on the surface of the wood.
Planer double- in addition to the installed knife, it has a chipbreaker, which improves the quality of planing.

Types of figure planing planers

Zenzubel- implies the presence of a double knife, in connection with which the quality of the processed surfaces becomes quite high. The tool is used for cleaning quarters and planing perpendicular surfaces. The width of the knife varies within 33mm, and its shape resembles a spatula. It is in the "closest relationship" with false bele.

Federgubel– performs longitudinal protrusions along the edge wooden blanks. It features a special shape of the blade, which forms a rectangular protrusion along the edge of the product.

Falsebel- cleans quarters. Equipped with single knives of straight or oblique shape. The planer has a stepped sole, which in some models is removable. This allows you to select folds of the required profile and size for the shape of the tree.

Headquarters or Headquarters- gives wooden details rounded shape by installing concave blades.

sheet pile- makes longitudinal grooves along the edges of the workpieces. The planer consists of two blocks, which are interconnected by special iron screws. One of the pads is a guide, and the other is a fixing and holds the knives.

Mold- the main purpose of this planer: figured processing of wood and giving a special shape to blanks. Most often used in the production of wood cornices, baguettes or doorways. This type of planer has special cutters with curly edges and a multi-stage sole, which is installed depending on the shape of the profile to be obtained.

Gruntubel- carry out the planing of grooves across the fibers of a trapezoidal section. It is a block into which a pointed hook in the form of a cutter is inserted on the side.

Gorbach- has a curvilinear block, which allows processing surfaces of a convex or concave shape with internal and external diameters.

In carpentry, you can rarely get by with one type of planer. After all, when processing wooden blanks, you have to perform more than one type of operation using various construction tools. So, some planers work only in pairs, for example, a federgubel and a tongue and groove. Or planers are used sequentially: for roughing - sherhebel, and for finishing - jointer.

All types of planers for rough and fine woodworking

Different types of planers are used for various types of wood processing. Most often used for carpentry:

Pioneer for wood billet

Scherhebel is a real "heavy artillery" among carpentry tools. It is used for planing wood that has not previously undergone any processing. When planing with a sherhebel, only the necessary shape and dimensions of the workpiece are achieved, but it will not work to achieve a smooth, even surface. For this purpose, other types of planers are used.

With the help of a sherhebel, only rough processing of the wood surface is performed. Unlike a planer, it allows you to plan to a greater depth, easily cutting off even significant irregularities. The design of the tool, outwardly resembling a conventional planer, has its own characteristics that make it easier to perform rough processing of a wooden surface. Unlike other tools, the sherhebel iron has a rounded blade and is set at an angle of 45 ° to the sole. The sharpening angle may vary depending on the hardness of the wood being processed.

For planing soft rocks, a sharpening angle of 25-30 ° is sufficient; for processing hard rocks, the blade is sharpened at an angle of 35 °.

In the standard design of the sherhebel, the blade (iron) has a width of 35 mm. Sizes may vary on some models. The width of the pad is larger than the blade size by about 15 mm. The chip hole in the sherhebel is larger than in the planer, about 3-5 mm. As noted above, rough wood processing does not allow to achieve a flat, smooth surface. The blade will leave groove-like marks on the wood. To eliminate them, a planer is used, finishing is carried out with a jointer.

How is a wooden and metal sherhebel arranged?

The sherhebel block can be made of wood or metal. Depending on the material of manufacture of the pad, the design of the tool will vary slightly. Wooden sherhebels are produced in accordance with GOST 14666-79. In accordance with the standard, their design includes a rectangular body, horns for resting hands during work, a knife, a clamping wedge for the blade, a sole, a cork. The design of some models may additionally include a stop for the blade. The surface of the wooden elements in the construction of the sherhebel is varnished, which provides wear resistance and an increase in the service life of the tool.

In accordance with GOST, the following materials are used for the manufacture of sherhebels:

block - made of hardwood;
sole (according to GOST 2695-83) made of hornbeam, maple, ash, beech, white acacia;
pad pad - from the above wood species, as well as birch, elm;
knives are made of double-layer steel. The main layer according to GOST 1050-88 from steel grade 30, or according to GOST 1435-99 from steel grades U8, U8A, U9. For the cladding layer, steel grades 9KhF, 9Kh5VF, Kh6VF, 9KhS are used (in accordance with GOST 5950-2000). It is also acceptable to use other steels that correspond in terms of resistance to the grades listed above.

How to use the tool correctly?

The use of sherhebel is rough planing of wood. During this operation, chips are removed from the workpiece by means of reciprocating movements of the plow. A tool in a metal case processes hardwood or chipboard blanks. Experts advise to perform the main work on wood processing with tools in a wooden case, as they provide better sliding on the surface of the workpiece.

To ensure high-quality processing of the workpiece, it must be carefully fixed. The best way to do this is with a carpenter's workbench. In the absence of such an opportunity, you can use a regular table to which the workpiece is attached with clamps. The place of processing should be located as close as possible to the vise. During operation, smooth, even, reciprocating movements are performed. The force is applied while the tool is moving forward. The return movement allows you to return the tool to its original position, so it is always performed passively, without effort.

If the blade of a planer is dull...

Not only the workpiece should be prepared for work, but also the tools and fixtures used. The knife must be sharpened at the required angle (depending on the hardness of the wood being processed). The position of the knife in the body of the carpentry tool must be carefully adjusted. The sharpening of the cutting blade is carried out on a bar fixed on a workbench or table. It is necessary to draw along the bar with the lower edge of the knife (bevel). The pressure is applied when moving away from you, while the chamfer should be completely adjacent to the stone.

You can not change the angle of sharpening, as the chamfer will acquire an uneven width, it may become humpbacked. Planing done with an improperly sharpened knife will be of poor quality. During sharpening, burrs form on the surface of the chamfer, which are easily felt by touch. To eliminate them, the knife is turned over with its front side and moved along the surface of the stone with light straight and circular movements. After that, the burr is formed from the chamfer side. The knife is turned over.

Work continues until the burrs are gone on both sides. The last step in sharpening is straightening the blade on a whetstone moistened with water. Processing is carried out in a circular motion. First, the chamfer is corrected, then the front part. When sharpening, distortions of the cutting surface should not be allowed. The appearance of such a defect on the knife leads to a deterioration in the quality of planing, crushing of chips, clogging of the gap between the knife and the block. If a distortion is detected, it must be immediately eliminated by grinding off the high part and leveling the surface.